Assessing enrichment, consolidating animal research guidance and understanding mouse aggression

今天是二月的第三个星期四，欢迎收听3分钟3R的最后一期，我们来回顾一下在研究中替代、减少和优化动物使用的最新进展。

It's the third Thursday of February and you're listening to the final episode of 3minute 3Rs, recapping the latest efforts to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals in research.

我们先从一篇优化方面的论文开始，看看怎么判断小鼠最喜欢哪种丰容物品。

Let's start off with a refinement paper, and how to tell which enrichment items mice prefer best.

现在，实验室小鼠的丰容物品已经商业化，种类多样，价格也相对便宜。

Enrichment items for laboratory housed mice are now commercially available, diverse and relatively inexpensive.

但我们怎么知道哪些物品对动物福利有积极影响呢？

But how do we know which items are having a positive impact on animal welfare?

在他们最近发表的论文中，来自德国实验动物保护中心的Hobbiesiefken U.

In their recent paper, Hobbiesiefken U.

S.

S.

认为，偏好测试是唯一能确定的方法。

From the German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals posit that preference tests are the only way to be sure.

他们用自制的鼠类位置监控系统，测试了群养雌性小鼠对一系列丰容物品的偏好。

Their bespoke mouse position surveillance system was used to test the preference of group housed female mice for a range of enrichment items.

在测试的12种物品中，格子球、麻绳和二层木架最受小鼠欢迎。

Of the 12 items tested, the lattice ball, hemp rope and second level of wood proved to be most popular with the mice.

然而，即使在同一社会群体中，个体偏好也存在明显差异，这表明需要采取多样化的丰富措施。

However, strong evidence of divergent individual preference, even among animals from the same social group, suggests that a multifaceted approach to enrichment is necessary.

作者提供了一种简便的方法，帮助实验室为小鼠选择最佳的丰富物品。

The authors offer an easy to use method to help labs choose the best enrichment items for their mice.

想了解更多，请点击描述中的链接。

To find out more, follow the link in the description.

接下来，我们来看一项旨在全球范围内整合动物研究指南的努力。

Next, an effort to look at consolidating animal research guidance globally.

在本播客中，我们一直将3R原则作为指导动物研究的核心伦理框架。

In this podcast, we've focused on the 3Rs as the core ethical framework to guide animal research.

然而，多年来，人们提出了其他几套原则和框架。

However, over the years several other sets of principles and frameworks have been proposed.

最近，国际作者发表了一篇文章，回顾并整合了这些不同的原则，形成了一个统一的框架。

A recent publication by international authors reviewed and consolidated these various principles into a unified framework.

他们提议将三个S和四个F与一个前言以及2010年《巴塞尔动物研究宣言》结合起来。

They propose that the three S's and four F's be combined with a preamble and the 2010 Basel Declaration on Animal Research.

三个S指的是好的科学、理智和感性，意思是用合适的模型做好科学研究，并确保关怀文化。

The 3S's are good science, sense, and sensibility, which refer to doing good science with the appropriate model and ensuring culture of care.

四个F，也就是基本原则，强调动物研究是一个重要的特权，用来产生新知识、改善福祉，并确保任何人类医学研究都是合理的。

The 4F's, or fundamental principles, highlight that animal research is an important privilege to generate new knowledge, improve well-being, and ensure that any human medical research is justified.

作者随后提出，3R原则是经得起时间考验的经典核心，但可以通过六个P和三个V来增强。

The authors then propose that the 3Rs are a classical core that stands the test of time but can be enhanced by the six P's and three V's.

六个P在三个R的基础上扩展了六项原则，以平衡社会利益和动物福利，同时明确指导伤害-收益分析。

The six P's expand on the three R's with six principles to balance social benefit and animal welfare while explicitly guiding a harm benefit analysis.

三个V则通过概述构念效度、内部效度和外部效度，进一步阐明了什么是合适的模型。

The 3Vs then expand on what an appropriate model is by outlining construct, internal and external validity.

想了解更多关于这些统一的动物研究伦理原则，请在线阅读完整论文。

To learn more about these unified ethical principles for animal research, read the full paper online.

最后，一项关于雄性小鼠攻击性的系统综述。

And finally, a systematic review exploring male mouse aggression.

群养雄性小鼠之间的攻击行为是实验室中一个严重的动物福利问题。

Aggression among group housed male mice is a serious animal welfare concern in the laboratory.

鉴于小鼠是最常用的哺乳动物研究模型，找出能够预防或减少攻击行为的因素，可能会让大量动物受益。

Given that mice are the most commonly used mammalian research model, identifying factors that can prevent or minimise aggression could benefit a large number of animals.

在一篇新文章中，Ellen Weber及其同事进行了一项系统综述，探讨群养雄性小鼠的攻击行为如何受到不同变量的影响，比如环境丰富度、小鼠品系、年龄、饲养条件、群体形成方式以及在群体中停留的时间。

In a new article, Ellen Weber and colleagues conducted a systematic review to explore how aggression among group housed male mice is affected by different variables, such as environmental enrichment, mouse strain, age, the housing conditions, group formation and the time spent in these groups.

在大多数情况下，由于影响结果的因素众多且相互交织，很难单独确定某种处理措施的明确效果。

In most cases, it was not possible to single out a clear effect of a specific treatment due to the many interacting factors influencing the outcome.

作者根据他们的发现提出了一些建议，比如使用隐蔽装置，以及选用攻击行为发生率较低的C57BL/6和Balb/c小鼠。

The authors were able to provide a few recommendations based on their findings, such as the use of hiding devices and using C57 Black six and Balb C mice that show low prevalence of aggression.

想了解更多关于这项研究的信息，请阅读《Animals》期刊上的全文。

To learn more about this study, read the full paper in Animals.

以上就是本期“三分钟三小时”的全部内容。

And that's it for three minute three hours.

经过五年和180篇论文的历程，我们即将挂起麦克风，告别这个节目。

After five years and 180 papers, we are hanging up our mics.

不过别担心，我们之前的所有节目都会继续在线。

But don't worry, all our previous episodes will remain online.

所以，来自《实验室动物》、北美3Rs协作组织和nc3rs，感谢大家的收听。

So from Lab Animal, the North American 3Rs Collaborative and the nc3rs, thank you for listening.