气候变化与极端天气

这个BBC播客在英国以外的地区由广告支持。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

无论你在哪里收听，都能通过BBC播客获得更多内容。

Get more with BBC podcasts wherever you listen.

订阅Apple Podcasts上的BBC播客高级版，抢先收听你喜欢的节目，比如《邪恶天才》、《好与坏亿万富翁》和《你对我已死》。

Be the first to listen to your favorite shows, like Evil Genius, Good Bad Billionaire, and You're Dead to Me with a subscription to BBC Podcasts Premium on Apple Podcasts.

你也可以通过Amazon Music订阅，免费收听我们的一系列播客，没有广告。

You can also enjoy a range of our podcasts ad free with an Amazon Music subscription.

还有六分钟吗？

Got another six minutes?

我们还有很多内容可以帮助你提升英语。

We have lots more to help you with your English.

试试《简易英语》节目，从自然的英语对话中学习，或者从世界各地的重要新闻中学习英语。

Try Real Easy English to learn from natural English conversations or learn some English from the biggest news stories from around the world.

在你的播客应用中搜索BBC Learning English，找到我们的其他节目，或者访问bbclearningenglish.com获取更多内容。

Search BBC Learning English in your podcast app to find our other programs, or find much more at bbclearningenglish.com.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

大家好。

Hello.

这里是BBC Learning English的六分钟英语。

This is six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是Phil。

I'm Phil.

我们似乎听到越来越多关于恶劣天气事件的报道，但气候变化究竟是如何影响极端天气的呢？

It seems that we're hearing about more and more terrible weather events, but how exactly is climate change affecting extreme weather?

今天很幸运，我请到了BBC天气预报员、气象学家兼主持人Sarah Keith Lucas。

I'm lucky today to be joined by BBC weather forecaster, meteorologist and presenter Sarah Keith Lucas.

你好，Sarah。

Hi, Sarah.

嗨，菲尔。

Hi, Phil.

很高兴来到这里。

It's great to be here.

莎拉今天来帮我们了解极端天气到底是怎么回事。

Sarah's here to help us understand what's happening with extreme weather.

她还会帮我们解释一些词汇和表达，这些来自BBC Learning English新推出的一系列关于天气和气候的视频，以及我们用来讨论这些话题的语言。

She'll also help explain some of the words and expressions used in a new series of BBC Learning English videos all about weather and climate and the language we use to talk about them.

你可以在我们的网页上或者这期播客的节目笔记里找到相关链接。

You can find the link to them on our web page or in the show notes for this podcast.

莎拉，我们先从一个非常重要的问题开始吧。

Sarah, let's start with a really important question.

气候和天气有什么区别？

What's the difference between climate and weather?

这个问题问得好，菲尔。

That's a great question, Phil.

天气就是你每天看到和感受到的东西。

The weather is what you see and feel every day.

气候则是更长期的概念。

Climate is more long term.

今天，我会解释气候的长期变化如何体现在我们经历的天气中。

Today, I'll explain how a change in the climate over the long term can be seen in the weather that we experience.

和往常一样，我们也会学习一些谈论这个话题的关键词汇。

And as always, we'll also be learning some key vocabulary to talk about the topic.

莎拉，按照惯例，我们要出一个测验题。

And Sarah, it's traditional for us to set a quiz question.

你给我们准备了吗？

Have you got one for us?

是的，我准备了。

Yes, I have.

自1970年以来，地球的温度上升了多少？

By how much has the Earth's temperature increased since 1970?

是大约0.5摄氏度，大约1摄氏度，还是大约2摄氏度？

Is it a) around 0.5 Celsius b) around one Celsius, or c) around two Celsius?

大约2摄氏度？

Around two Celsius?

我会在节目最后告诉你答案，所以请听到最后来揭晓。

I'll give you the answer at the end of the programme, so listen to the end to find out.

现在，我们来聊聊热带风暴。

Now, we're going to talk about tropical storms.

莎拉，我们说的热带风暴是什么意思？

What do we mean by tropical storms, Sarah?

嗯，就是飓风、气旋和台风。

Well, those are hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons.

它们是在温暖的热带水域上空形成的巨大旋转风暴。

They're large rotating storms formed over warm tropical waters.

它们其实是一样的，只是根据形成地点不同而叫法不同——大西洋叫飓风，印度洋叫气旋，西太平洋叫台风。

They're actually the same, we just use different names depending on where in the world they form hurricanes in the Atlantic, cyclones in the Indian Ocean, and typhoons in the West Pacific.

随着全球变暖，气候科学家认为这些风暴会变得更具破坏性。

As the world warms, climate scientists think that these storms will get more destructive.

在我们新推出的《学英语聊天气》系列视频中，气象学家达伦·贝特谈到了另一个令人担忧的变化。

In one of our new Learning English for Weather videos, meteorologist Darren Bet tells us about another worrying change.

科学家还认为风暴正在减速。

Scientists also think storms are slowing down.

它们移动的速度变慢了。

They're not moving across as quickly.

这意味着，如果风暴在同一地区停留更长时间，风力会持续更强，降雨也会持续更久，从而引发更多洪水，增加洪灾、山体滑坡和泥石流的可能性。

And that means if a storm is in the same area for longer, the winds will be stronger for longer, and the rain will last for longer, producing more flooding and more likelihood of flooding and landslides and also mudslides.

达伦说，如果风暴移动得更慢，发生洪水的可能性就会更大。

Darren said that if a storm moves more slowly, there will be more likelihood of flooding.

“可能性”这个名词用来表示某事发生的概率或可能性有多大。

Likelihood is the noun that we use to say how probable or how likely something is to happen.

达伦还提到了山体滑坡和泥石流。

Darren also told us about landslides and mudslides.

对。

Yes.

山体滑坡是指大量泥土或岩石快速滑下斜坡。

Landslides are where a large amount of earth or rock moves down a slope quickly.

泥石流通常更快，而且更稀。

Mudslides tend to be faster and more liquid.

这两种情况都可能在大雨之后发生，并对建筑物造成破坏。

Both of these things can happen after particularly heavy rain and can cause damage to buildings.

它们也可能导致人员伤亡。

People can also be killed or injured by them.

在飓风、台风或气旋中，还有什么会导致人员伤亡？

What else causes loss of life in a hurricane, typhoon or cyclone?

嗯，另一个非常危险的现象是风暴潮。

Well, something else that is very dangerous is a storm surge.

让我们再次听听我的同事达伦·贝克的介绍。

Let's hear again from my colleague, Darren Beck.

风暴潮。

Storm surge.

就是海水被卷到内陆，造成大范围洪灾。

That's that body of water that gets swept inland and produces widespread flooding.

气候变化正在让海洋变暖，海平面也在上升。

Climate change is warming our seas, and the sea levels are rising.

这可能意味着，风暴潮——作为风暴中造成伤亡最多的一个因素——可能会变得更加危险。

That potentially could mean that it's a storm surge, which is one element of a storm that produces more casualties than any other, those storm surges could become even more dangerous.

所以我们提到了“伤亡”这个词，它用来指因事故、军事袭击，或者像这里说的极端天气事件而死亡或受伤的人。

So we had the word casualty, and this is used to talk about people killed or injured by an accident, a military attack, or in this case, an extreme weather event.

达伦谈到了风暴潮。

Darren talked about storm surges.

风暴潮是指海平面迅速上升，由风暴引起的强风推动所致。

A storm surge is where the sea level rises quickly, pushed by strong winds caused by a storm.

这些海水以巨大的力量涌上陆地，风暴潮的高度可以达到10米。

This water comes onto land with an enormous amount of force, and storm surges can be up to 10 metres high.

建筑物会被摧毁，人们可能会溺水。

Buildings get destroyed and people can drown.

我们听说了风暴席卷内陆的情况。

We heard about the storm sweeping in land.

席卷而来的东西移动得又快又猛。

Something sweeping in is moving quickly and powerfully.

你可以在我们网站的视频里听到达伦的更多讲解。

And you can hear more from Darren in the videos on our website.

莎拉，你之前问的那个测验问题的答案是什么？

Sarah, how about the answer to the quiz question you asked earlier?

好的，菲尔，我问的是自1970年以来，全球平均气温上升了多少？

Okay Phil, so I asked by how much has the world's average temperature increased since 1970?

我以为大约是两摄氏度。

And I thought it was around two Celsius.

实际上大约是一摄氏度。

It's actually around one degree Celsius.

一摄氏度只是全球陆地和海洋表面的平均值。

One Celsius is just an average across all of Earth's land and ocean surface.

有些地方升温比这个快得多，比如北极，它的升温速度是平均速度的三倍。

Some places are warming much quicker than this, such as the Arctic that's warming three times faster than the average rate.

平均温度的小幅上升，就可能导致极端天气事件大幅增加，比如热浪、野火和洪水。

Just a small increase in average temperature can lead to a much bigger increase in extreme events, such as heat waves, wildfires and floods.

哦，哇。

Oh, wow.

所以这是一个重要的区别。

So that is an important difference.

好的。

Okay.

让我们回顾一下学过的词汇，先从“可能性”开始，这是一个名词，用来谈论某事发生的概率或可能性有多大。

Let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with 'likelihood', which is a noun that we use to talk about how probable or how likely something is to happen.

山体滑坡和泥石流，在强降雨后可能发生，会使泥土或泥浆非常快速地滑下山坡。

Landslides and mudslides, which can occur after heavy rainfall, make earth or mud move downhill very fast.

风暴潮是海平面突然上升，可能向内陆移动并造成破坏。

A storm surge is a sudden rise in the sea level that can move inland causing destruction.

如果某物“sweeps in”，意思是它非常快速且猛烈地移动。

If something 'sweeps in', it moves in very fast and very powerfully.

最后，伤亡者是指因事故、袭击或极端天气事件等而受伤或死亡的人。

And finally, a casualty is someone who is injured or killed by an accident, attack or something like an extreme weather event.

我们的六分钟时间又到了。

Once again, our six minutes are up.

再见。

Goodbye.

谢谢

Thanks

今天加入我们，莎拉。

for joining us today, Sarah.

再见。

Bye.

这里是BBC英语学习的六分钟英语。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

无论你在哪里收听，都可以通过BBC播客获取更多内容。

Get more with BBC podcasts wherever you listen.

订阅Apple播客上的BBC播客高级版，抢先收听你喜欢的节目，比如《邪恶天才》、《好坏亿万富翁》和《你对我已死》。

Be the first to listen to your favorite shows, like Evil Genius, Good Bad Billionaire, and You're Dead to Me with a subscription to BBC podcasts premium on Apple podcasts.

你还可以通过订阅Amazon Music，享受我们一系列无广告的播客。

You can also enjoy a range of our podcasts ad free with an Amazon Music subscription.