礼貌有多重要？

这个BBC播客的广告投放范围不包括英国境内。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

我知道现在是广告时段，但请再给我一点时间。

I know ad break, but stay with me for a moment.

当市场快速波动时，你总会觉得时间不够用。

When markets move quickly, you can feel like there's never enough time.

一条新闻弹出，图表一动，瞬间好像只剩下这一刻最重要。

A headline flashes, a chart moves, and suddenly it's as if now is the only moment that matters.

了解背景能让你平静下来。

Context calms that desire.

Capital.com把新闻、图表和经济日历整合在一起，帮你掌握最新动态。

Capital.com brings news, charts, and economic calendars into one place to help you stay informed.

Capital.com，交易更清晰。

Capital.com Trade with clarity.

差价合约具有较高风险。

CFDs involve a high level of risk.

有81.31%的散户投资者亏了钱。

Eighty one point three one percent of retail investors lose money.

市场就像那种一直给你发消息、不断更新看法的朋友。

The markets were a friend, they'd be the one who texts constantly, updates opinions.

你看到这个了吗？

Did you see this?

整天不停地发，天天如此。

All day, every day.

Capital.com 并不是这条消息链里的又一个声音。

Capital.com isn't another voice in that thread.

它是在信息间隙里出现的，把新闻、图表和经济日历整合在一起，帮你拨开噪音，看清全貌。

It's the space between the messages, bringing news, charts, and economic calendars into one place to give you the full picture in between the noise.

Capital.com。

Capital.com.

为清晰而设计。

Designed for clarity.

差价合约风险很高。

CFDs involve a high level of risk.

百分之八十一点三一的散户投资者都会亏钱。

Eighty one point three one percent of retail investors lose money.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自BBC Learning English。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

你好。

Hello.

这里是BBC Learning English的六分钟英语。

This is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是尼尔。

I'm Neil.

我是贝丝。

And I'm Beth.

本期节目，我们来聊聊礼貌问题。

In this programme, we're talking about politeness.

英国一向以礼貌著称，孩子们从小就被教导要说‘请’和‘谢谢’。

Britain has a reputation for being a polite place where children are told to say please and thank you.

但现实中，情况并不总是这样。

But in real life, that isn't always true.

把那支笔给我。

You give me that pen.

不好意思。

I'm sorry.

刚才我话说得有点没礼貌。

That was a bit rude.

那我该怎么说才对？

Well, what should I have said?

不如说，‘Neil，你能把笔递给我一下吗？’

How about Neil, please could you pass me the pen?

好吧。

Fine.

尼尔，能麻烦你把笔递给我一下吗？

Neil, could you please pass me the pen?

给你。

There you go.

这样好多了。

That's much better.

现在听一听英国BBC广播四台的主持人、知名诗人和儿童文学作家迈克尔·罗森讲述他某天的经历。

Now listen as BBC Radio four presenter, Michael Rosen, who is a well known poet and children's author in Britain, describes what happened to him one day.

最近，事情是这样发生的。

Recently, this is how it went.

有个男孩从我身边走过，停下来喊了声：嘿。

A boy was walking past me in the street, stopped and said, hey.

你是个啥玩意儿，对吧？

You're a thingy, ain't it?

这个说法可真是把所有规矩都打破了。

Now that one seems to break all the rules.

正因为违反了规矩，我才犯了难。

And because it broke the rules, it gave me a problem.

我该怎么回应才好？

How do I answer it?

有个男孩看到迈克尔·罗森，就说：嘿，你就是那个啥，对吧？

A boy saw Michael Rosen and said, hey, you're thingy, innit?

他用‘那个啥’是因为认出了迈克尔，但一时想不起他的名字。

He used the word thingy because although he recognised Michael, he couldn't remember his name.

他还用了‘对吧’，这是‘isn't it’的缩略形式，用来加强他说话的语气。

He also said innit, which is short for isn't it, to emphasise what he'd said.

那这个男孩是没礼貌，还是只是碰见名人太兴奋了？

So was the boy being impolite or was he just happy meeting a famous person in the street?

我们为什么要从小就教孩子讲礼貌呢？

And why do we teach kids to be polite in the first place?

接下来这期节目，我们会用一些实用的新词汇来讨论这个问题。

That's what we'll be discussing in this programme using some useful new vocabulary.

不过在那之前，尼尔，我有个问题想问你。

But first, I have a question for you Neil.

我们前面说过，英国人以礼貌著称，而且在某些场合，我们还有一个习语，专门用来提醒别人要格外有礼貌。

The British are well known for being polite as we've said and there's even an idiom we use in certain situations to remind someone to be especially polite.

那这个习语到底是什么呢？

But what is it?

是A，注意你的A和B；B，注意你的P和Q；还是C，注意你的X和Y？

Is it a, mind your a's and b's, b, mind your p's and q's, or c, mind your x's and y's?

这题我知道答案，但我还是选C，注意你的X和Y，因为我觉得这说法太妙了。

Well, I know the answer to this, but I'm going to say C, MindYour X's and y's because I think it's brilliant.

行吧。

Okay.

有意思。

Interesting.

不过，我们会在节目后面揭晓正确答案。

Well, we'll find out the correct answer later in the programme.

咱们先回头看看那个男孩，他跟著名诗人迈克尔·罗森说：‘嘿，你那个东西在里头。’

So let's return to the boy who said, hey, your thingy in it to famous poet Michael Rosen.

这算不算不礼貌呢？

Was that impolite or not?

研究礼貌语言的露易丝·马莱尼教授对此有她的看法。

Professor Louise Malaney, who studies the language of politeness, has an answer.

她认为，礼貌与否，不仅取决于说话的人，也跟听的人有关——她是在BBC广播四台的《词语之声》节目中说的这番话。

She thinks that politeness is as much to do with the person being spoken to as the person speaking, as she explained to BBC Radio four programme, Word-of-mouth.

我觉得关键在于你是怎么理解的。

I think the crucial thing there is in how you've perceived it.

显然，他没用那种传统的说法，比如‘早上好，罗森先生’，也没采取更正式的方式。

So, obviously, he's not giving us the conventional, oh, good afternoon, mister Rosen, or a more formal approach.

他说话非常随意，记不起你的名字，就直接说了句‘你那个东西在里头’。

It's very, very informal, and he can't remember your name, and he's saying in it.

但对你来说，这根本不算有威胁。

Now, that has has been interpreted by you as non threatening to you.

你并不觉得他是在冒犯你，反而对他挺有好感的。

You don't see him as insulting you, and you're actually quite kindly disposed to that person.

所以你并没有把它当成无礼或攻击性的行为。

So you haven't interpreted it as offensive or aggressive.

你刚才还说，觉得这其实挺有礼貌的。

You've you've said I think you described it as being quite civil, actually.

迈克尔·罗森并不觉得那个男孩是在冒犯他。

Michael Rosen didn't feel that the boy was insulting him.

冒犯一个人，意思是对他无礼或不尊重。

To insult someone means to be rude or offensive to them.

虽然那男孩说话很随意，但迈克尔觉得他其实是见到自己很高兴，并不是没礼貌。

Although his speech was very informal, Michael thought the boy was actually pleased to see him, not rude at all.

迈克尔对那个男孩印象很好。

Michael was well disposed to the boy.

他很喜欢并认可那个孩子。

He liked and approved of him.

所以你可以说，礼貌是主观的。

So you could say that politeness is subjective.

如果迈克尔不觉得被冒犯，那冒犯又在哪里呢？

If Michael doesn't feel offended, then where is the offence?

那我们为什么还要教孩子要有礼貌呢？

Then why do we teach children to be polite at all?

根据穆兰尼教授的说法，这跟社会的规则有关。

Well, according to Professor Mullaney, it's to do with the rules of society.

没错。

That's right.

露易丝认为，教孩子礼貌，是为了让他们能更好地融入社会，获得认同。

Louise thinks that by teaching our kids politeness, they enjoy the benefits of being accepted in society.

想象一下，当她两岁的女儿在幼儿园里反复不理厨师，也不打招呼时，她有多尴尬。

So imagine how embarrassed she felt when her two year old daughter repeatedly ignored the cook at her nursery school and refused to say hello.

这是路易丝·穆拉尼向BBC广播四台《口口相传》节目讲述的故事。

Here's Louise Malaney telling the story to BBC Radio four's word-of-mouth.

厨师看起来特别失望。

The cook looked so disappointed.

对。

Yes.

而且当时

And as

我在书里提到过，当时我觉得其他孩子一个个蹦蹦跳跳地跑过去，热情地打招呼，特别有礼貌。

I mentioned in the book, it felt to me like there were lots of other children skipping and skipping and jumping past going, hello, being really friendly children.

可我女儿就站在那儿，我们开始找借口，说她累了。

And my daughter was just there, and we started to make excuses for her, like, oh, she's tired.

说她正在长牙。

Oh, she's teething.

说她这儿不舒服那儿不舒服，因为那种尴尬实在太强烈了。

She's this and she's that, because the embarrassment was so strong.

我从厨房旁边走回去的时候，心里特别难受。

And I felt awful walking back past the kitchen on my way out.

我简直想把脸藏起来，觉得自己是个教出特别没礼貌孩子的家长。

I was almost trying to hide my face going, I'm the one with the really rude child.

当女儿没跟大人打招呼时，露易丝替她找借口。

When her daughter didn't say hello to an adult, Louise made excuses for her.

如果你替某人找借口，就是试图解释他们行为的原因。

If you make excuses for someone, you try to explain the reasons for their behaviour.

比如，露易丝说女儿累了、在长牙，诸如此类的理由。

For example, Louise said her daughter was tired, she was growing new teeth, she was this and that.

‘诸如此类’这个说法可以用来指代一些没具体说出来的各种事情。

The idiom this and that can be used to describe various unspecified things.

比如，有人问你今天下午干了啥，你可能会说：‘没干啥。’

For example, if someone asks what you did this afternoon, you might reply, oh, not much.

我就待在家里了。

I stayed at home.

我看了会儿电视。

I watched TV.

我干了点这干了点那。

I did this and that.

礼貌对不同的人来说意思不一样。

Politeness means different things to different people.

但别人对我们有礼貌，我们还是挺喜欢的。

But we still like it when people are polite to us.

我觉得现在该把问题的答案告诉你们了，尼尔。

And I think the polite thing to do now is reveal the answer to my question, Neil.

我们用来提醒别人要有礼貌的习语，不是什么‘注意你的X和Y’。

So the idiom that we use to remind someone to be polite is not mind your x's and y's.

不好意思，尼尔。

I'm sorry, Neil.

是‘注意你的P和Q’。

It's mind your p's and q's.

真可惜。

That's a shame.

X和Y要好得多。

X's and y's is much better.

好的。

Okay.

现在我们来回顾一下学过的词汇，首先是thingy，这是一个非正式说法，当你想不起某人或某物的名字时会用它。

Now let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt starting with thingy, an informal word that's used if you can't remember someone's or something's name.

人们也常用‘叫什么来着’或者‘那啥’来表达同样的意思。

People also use the slang words, what's his name or what's a name for the same reason.

in it是反问句‘不是吗’的缩略形式。

In it is a short form of the tag question, isn't it?

它用来加强陈述的语气。

It's used to add emphasis to a statement.

形容词insulting的意思是无礼的或冒犯的。

The adjective insulting means rude or offensive.

如果你对某人有好感，那就是你喜欢并认可他们。

If you are well disposed to someone, you like and approve of them.

替别人找借口，就是为他们的不当行为找理由。

When you make excuses for someone, you explain the reasons for their bad behaviour.

最后，这个短语‘this and that’用来指各种说不上来的东西。

And finally, the idiom this and that describes various unspecified things.

好了，六分钟又到了，不妨去我们的网站 bbclearningenglish.com 做个测验，顺便完成练习题吧。

Once again, six minutes are up, but why not test yourself with the programme quiz and worksheet available now on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

那先说到这儿。

Goodbye for now.

再见。

Bye.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.