爱你讨厌的食物

这个BBC播客由英国境外的广告支持。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

在《大人物》节目中，我们聚焦一位文化偶像

On Big Lives, we take a single cultural icon

比如简·方达、乔治·迈克尔、小理查德。

People like Jane Fonda, George Michael, Little Richard.

我们剖析表象背后的故事。

And we pull apart the story behind the image.

我们通过挖掘BBC庞大的档案资料来实现这一点。

And we do this by digging through the BBC's vast archives.

发现那些被遗忘的访谈，彻底改变我们对这些文化巨人的看法。

Discovering forgotten interviews that change exactly how we see these giants of our culture.

我们关注的是英雄们真实、混乱、精彩而有人性的一面。

We're here for the messy, the brilliant, the human version of our heroes.

我是埃马纽埃尔·约基。

I'm Emmanuel Jochi.

我是凯·赖特。

I'm Kai Wright.

欢迎收听《大人生》。

And this is Big Lives.

在您收听播客的任何平台都可以收听《大人生》。

Listen to Big Lives wherever you get your podcasts.

感谢收听BBC学习英语的这个播客。

Thanks for listening to this podcast from BBC Learning English.

你在工作中使用英语吗？

Do you use English at work?

在我们的播客系列《职场英语》中，我们会教你工作中该说什么、不该说什么。

In our podcast series, Office English, we talk you through what to say and what not to say at work.

需要主持会议吗？

Need to run a meeting?

不确定该如何谈论工作中的规则？

Not sure how to talk about rules at work?

或者想学会如何礼貌地与同事表达不同意见？

Or want help disagreeing politely with colleagues?

《办公室英语》是您了解职场世界的播客指南。

Office English is your podcast guide to the world of work.

在您的播客应用中搜索“learning English for work”，或访问 bbclearningenglish.com 收听。

Search learning English for work in your podcast app or visit bbclearningenglish.com to listen.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的《六分钟英语》。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

你好。

Hello.

这是来自BBC学习英语的《六分钟英语》。

This is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是尼尔。

I'm Neil.

我是贝卡。

And I'm Becca.

尼尔，过去有没有什么食物是你特别讨厌的，但现在不介意了？

Neil, are there any foods that you used to really hate in the past, but now don't mind?

是的，实际上有。

Yes, actually.

有一种叫海苔的日本食物，我第一次吃的时候真的很不喜欢。

There's a Japanese food called umiboshi, which when I first tried it, really didn't like.

但过了一段时间，我慢慢习惯了，现在反而非常喜欢。

But after a while, I got used to it and actually now I really love it.

你呢？

How about you?

我和你的情况类似，是橄榄。

A similar story to me with olives.

我以前特别讨厌橄榄，但随着年龄增长，我也渐渐爱上了它们。

I used to really hate olives, but as I've grown older, I've also grown to love them.

在本期节目中，我们将向食品专家了解，为什么有些食物我们就是讨厌，以及是否有可能学会喜欢它们。

Well, in this episode, we'll be learning from food experts about why there are some foods we just hate, and whether it's possible to learn to love them.

是的。

Yes.

和往常一样，您可以在我们的网站 bbclearningenglish.com 上找到本集的文本、所有词汇和练习表。

And as usual, you can find a transcript for this episode along with all the vocabulary and a worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.

好的。

Okay.

贝卡，有个问题想问你。

It's a question for you, Becca.

哪个词表示对新事物（比如尝试新食物）感到恐惧？

What word means to have a fear of new things, such as trying new foods?

是 a，恐飞症，b，幽闭恐惧症，还是 c，新事物恐惧症？

Is it a, aerophobia, b, claustrophobia, or c, neophobia?

嗯，尼尔，我选 c，新事物恐惧症，因为 'neo' 听起来像 'new'。

Well, Neil, I'll go for c, neophobia, because neo sounds like new.

这想法很聪明，但我们还是来看一看吧。

That's clever thinking, but let's see.

不过，现在回到食物的话题。

Now though, back to food.

一些专家认为，我们可以学会喜欢新事物。

Some experts have said that we can teach ourselves to like new things.

露丝·亚历山大在BBC世界服务节目《食物链》中采访了麦吉尔大学的达娜·斯莫尔博士，探讨我们对某些食物的反感源自何处。

Ruth Alexander asks doctor Dana Small of McGill University where our dislike of certain foods comes from in this BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain.

对食物的厌恶是后天习得的，还是天生遗传、固有的呢？

Are food dislikes learned or genetic, hardwired in some way?

两者都有。

Both.

你不喜欢某种食物的原因有很多。

So there's many reasons why you can dislike a food.

例如，通过遗传因素，你可能对香菜的气味或味道有不同的感知。

For example, you could, via genetics, smell coriander or taste coriander differently.

这是遗传因素，但也有非常强的学习成分。

So that's genetic, but there's also a really strong learning component.

达娜解释说，我们品尝或嗅闻某种东西的方式可能因基因而异。

Dana explains that how we taste or smell something can be different depending on our genetics.

然而，我们品尝或嗅闻某种东西的方式也可以通过后天学习获得。

However, how we taste or smell something can also be learnt.

露丝问到，对某些食物的厌恶是否是天生固有的。

Ruth asked if a dislike for certain food is hardwired.

达娜确认，这种情况有时确实存在。

And Dana confirmed that this is sometimes the case.

形容词‘天生固有的’描述的是以某种方式自动思考或行为，例如由于基因原因。

The adjective hardwired describes automatically thinking or behaving in a particular way, for instance, because it's genetic.

达娜说，你可能通过基因以不同于他人的方式品尝食物。

And Dana says that you could taste food differently to others via genetics.

介词‘via’的意思是通过某种方式或借助某种手段。

The preposition via means by the way of or by the use of.

例如，我乘火车上班。

For example, I get to work via a train.

所以我们不喜欢某些食物的原因有很多，但我们可以改变这一点吗？

So there are lots of different reasons why we dislike some foods, but can we change that?

让我们听听营养师克莱尔·索恩·伍德在BBC世界服务节目《食物链》中的讲解。

Let's listen to dietitian Claire Thornton Wood explaining on the BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain.

我们可能使用的一种非常好的技巧叫做掩盖法，就是把你不喜欢的食物蘸着你喜欢的食物来吃。

One of the really good techniques that we might use is something called masking where you dip a food that you don't like into something that you do like.

对于那些声称自己什么都喜欢的家长，我们实际上会提供巧克力裹的昆虫，人们确实会吃并尝试它们。

For those parents who really say they like everything, we actually get chocolate covered insects and we offer those and actually people do eat them and try them.

我认为问题在于它是一种昆虫，但通常他们一旦吃下去，就会发现它本身并没有什么令人不快的地方。

I think it's the concept that it's an insect but usually they find that once they eat it there isn't anything inherently unpleasant about it.

这有点像吃一点脆脆的巧克力。

It's a little bit like eating just a bit of crunchy chocolate.

克莱尔使用了掩盖法。

Claire uses masking.

掩盖是指阻止某物被看到的行为。

Masking is the act of stopping something from being seen.

在克莱尔的诊所里，她会用人们喜欢的食物来掩盖那些不受欢迎的食物。

In Claire's clinic, she masks the disliked foods with something that is liked.

是的，父母们通常发现，他们不喜欢的食物本身并不糟糕。

Yes, and what parents usually find out is that the food they dislike isn't inherently bad.

副词'本质上'描述的是某种自然或本质存在的特性。

The adverb inherently describes something that exists in a way which is natural or essential.

所以吃昆虫本身并不令人反感。

So insects aren't inherently unpleasant to eat.

我们中有些人觉得它们令人反感，是因为从文化上讲，吃昆虫可能对我们来说很奇怪。

Some of us think they are because the concept of eating them could be strange to us culturally.

我们讨论了人们有时害怕尝试新食物的原因。

We talked about how people sometimes fear trying new food.

克莱尔谈到了这些恐惧可能来自哪里。

Claire talks about where these fears might come from.

例如，假设你以前吃过虾，结果吃了之后生病了，也就是你所谓的'不新鲜的虾'，那你很可能会把生病和吃虾联系起来，心想：'我再也不想吃虾了，因为它会让我生病。'

For instance, just say that you had eaten pawns in the past and you had become unwell from eating them, you know, you'd have what you call a dodgy prawn, there's a good chance that you might actually associate that with eating the prawn and think oh I don't want to eat the prawn again because it's going to make me unwell'.

所以这是一种基于恐惧的回避行为。

So that's a sort of fear based avoidance.

克莱尔说，如果你曾经对某种食物有过不好的经历，就很可能对它产生恐惧。

Claire said that you're likely to have a fear of a food if you've had a bad experience with it.

她以吃了不新鲜的虾后感到不适为例。

She uses the example of eating a dodgy prawn, which would make you unwell.

如果某物是‘不新鲜的’，通常意味着它不好或声誉不佳。

If something is dodgy, it's generally bad or has a bad reputation.

但当我们谈论食物时，它可能意味着食物未煮熟、放久了或被长时间放置在外，从而导致你生病。

But when we talk about food, it could mean that it's undercooked, old or has been left out, therefore making you sick.

事实上，我们可能会避开那些不新鲜的东西。

In fact, we may avoid dodgy things.

‘回避’的意思是远离某物。

To avoid is to keep away from something.

因此，回避就是保持远离的行为。

So avoidance is the act of keeping away.

现在，尼尔，这让我想起了你之前问的问题。

Now, Neil, that reminds me of the question you asked earlier.

啊，对。

Ah, yes.

我问过你，哪个词表示对新事物感到恐惧。

I asked you what word means to have a fear of new things.

你回答了C，新事物恐惧症。

And you answered C, neophobia.

贝卡，我很高兴地说你的答案是正确的。

And Becca, I'm pleased to say your answer was correct.

所以我的想法是对的。

So my thinking was right.

太好了。

That's great.

现在让我们回顾一下本集中学到的语言，首先是‘hardwired’，这个词描述的是由于基因原因而自动产生的思维方式或行为，例如。

Now let's have a recap of the language we've learnt in this episode, starting with hardwired, which describes automatically thinking or behaving in a particular way because of genetics, for example.

Via 是一个介词，意思是通过某种方式或借助某种手段。

Via is a preposition that means by way of or by use of.

我们还学了 masking，意思是隐藏或阻止某物被看见。

We had masking that's hiding or stopping something from being seen.

副词 inherently 描述的是某种自然或本质存在的特性。

The adverb inherently describes something that exists in a way which is natural or essential.

我们还学了 avoidance。

We also had avoidance.

意思是避免接触某物或远离某物。

That is the act of keeping away from something.

最后，当我们谈论食物时，dodgy 指的是可能让你生病的东西。

And finally, when we talk about food, dodgy means something that can make you unwell.

再次提醒，我们的六分钟时间到了，但请访问我们的网站 bbclearningenglish.com，获取本集的测验和练习题。

Once again, our six minutes are up, but head over to our website bbclearningenglish.com for a quiz and worksheet for this episode.

我们很快再见，但现在，再见了。

See you there soon, but for now, it's goodbye.

再见。

Goodbye.

六分钟英语。

Six Minutes English.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。

From b b c learningenglish.com.

在《伟人人生》中，我们聚焦一位文化偶像

On Big Lives, we take a single cultural icon

像简·方达、乔治·迈克尔、小理查德这样的人。

People like Jane Fonda, George Michael, Little Richard.

我们剖析表象背后的故事。

And we pull apart the story behind the image.

我们通过挖掘英国广播公司庞大的档案资料来实现这一点。

And we do this by digging through the BBC's vast archives.

发掘那些被遗忘的访谈，彻底改变我们对这些文化巨人的看法。

Discovering forgotten interviews that change exactly how we see these giants of our culture.

我们在这里呈现的是英雄们真实、精彩而充满人性的一面。

We're here for the messy, the brilliant, the human version of our heroes.

我是埃马纽埃尔·约基。

I'm Emmanuel Jochi.

我是凯·赖特。

I'm Kai Wright.

欢迎收听《大人生》。

And this is Big Lives.

在您收听播客的任何平台都可以收听《大人生》。

Listen to Big Lives wherever you get your podcasts.