粗鲁的邮件

想提升工作中的英语能力吗？

Want to improve your English at work?

试试学习职场英语吧。

Try learning English for work.

学一学如何用英语找工作。

Learn how to get a new job in English.

弄懂那些让人困惑的商业术语，掌握应对工作难题时该说的话。

Understand confusing business jargon and learn language to use in difficult situations at work.

在你的播客应用里搜索‘职场英语’，或者访问 bbclearningenglish.com。

Search for learning English for work on your podcast app or visit bbclearningenglish.com.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

你好。

Hello.

这里是BBC学习英语的《六分钟英语》。

This is six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是菲尔。

I'm Phil.

我是贝卡。

And I'm Becca.

发邮件是现代工作中很重要的一部分，大多数人写邮件时都会尽量礼貌。

Sending emails is a big part of modern work, and most people try to write emails politely.

大多数人是这样，但不是全部。

Most, but not all.

最近，BBC第四电台的节目《全在心中》邀请听众分享他们在邮件中觉得哪些行为很无礼。

Recently, BBC Radio four programme All in the Mind asked listeners to tell them what they find rude in emails.

主持人克劳迪娅·哈蒙德和嘉宾彼得·奥卢索加，一起来聊聊听众们的反馈。

Here, presenter Claudia Hammond and guest Pete Olusoga discuss what listeners had to say.

来自曼彻斯特的蕾切尔说，让她最烦的是有人发邮件开头只写个名字，连个‘你好’都不说。

Rachel in Manchester says what annoys her is people who start their emails with just your name and without a simple greeting like hi.

她说，这种多余的正式语气总让她立刻感到被冒犯。

She says the unnecessary formality always always has the effect of putting her immediately on the defensive.

我们这里收到一封匿名来信，说有人回复一封精心措辞的邮件，只回了一个表情符号。

We've got an anonymous one here who recently received a single emoji in response to a carefully considered and worded email.

有听众不喜欢邮件开头只写名字，因为那样会让她觉得被冒犯。

One listener doesn't like emails which start with just her name because they put her on the defensive.

‘让人感到被冒犯’指的是某种言行让人觉得受到威胁或不安。

The phrase to put someone on the defensive means to do or say something which makes them feel threatened or unsure.

另一位听众觉得，收到只回一个表情符号的回复很没礼貌，我也觉得这确实挺让人不爽的。

Another listener found it rude when their email was answered with a single emoji, and I think that would annoy me too.

这些邮件都是不文明行为的例子，‘不文明’就是指粗鲁、无礼。

These emails are examples of people being uncivil, an adjective meaning rude or impolite.

顺便提一下，和这个词对应的名词是‘不文明行为’。

And just to note, the noun that goes with this is incivility.

在本期节目中，我们会继续聊聊职场中那些不礼貌的邮件。

In this episode, we'll be hearing more about rude emails at work.

和往常一样，我们还会学习一些实用的新词汇，所有内容都可以在我们的网站 bbclearningenglish.com 上找到。

And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary, all of which you can find on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

不过在那之前，我有个问题想问你，菲尔。

But first, I have a question for you, Phil.

去年，成千上万的美国政府职员收到一封邮件，要求他们列出自己本周完成的五项工作成果，否则就得辞职。

Last year, thousands of US government workers received an email requiring them to justify their job by listing five things they had accomplished that week or resign.

但这封邮件是谁发的呢？

But who sent this email?

是 a，唐纳德·特朗普，b，J.D. 万斯，还是 c，埃隆·马斯克？

Was it a, Donald Trump, b, JD Vance, or c, Elon Musk?

哦，我不确定。

Oh, I don't know.

也许是 J.D. 万斯？

Maybe JD Vance?

我们稍后在节目中再揭晓答案。

We'll find out later in the programme.

现在，一些心理学家认为，邮件中的粗鲁行为源于人在压力下产生的战斗或逃跑反应。

Now, according to some psychologists, rudeness in emails is based on a fight or flight response humans feel when stressed.

以下是心理学家艾玛·拉塞尔博士为BBC广播四台《全在心中》节目对这些反应的解释。

Here, psychologist Doctor Emma Russell explains these responses for BBC Radio four's All in the Mind.

战斗反应通常表现为试图压制或贬低他人，语气敌对，甚至把上级抄送进来，好把问题升级，让对方难堪。

So a fight response is usually when we try to dominate or belittle other people, females that are hostile in tone and language, or even CC ing senior personnel in on the message in order to elevate an issue and put someone in their place.

而逃跑反应则是人们通过回避或退缩来保护自己。

Then the flight response is when people try to protect themselves by withdrawing or avoiding.

他们干脆不回邮件。

They won't reply.

就算回了，也可能只答非所问，漏掉好几条内容。

Or if they do reply, maybe they don't answer all of the points in the email.

他们只是想赶紧把这事了结掉。

They're just trying to get it off their plate.

战斗反应会让我们贬低别人，让对方觉得自己低人一等，无足轻重。

The fight response can make us belittle someone, make them feel inferior or unimportant.

比如，老板发了一封群邮件，把本该属于你的功劳算在了别人头上。

For example, a boss sends a group email in which they give someone else the credit for the work you did.

老板这是想让你认清自己的位置——也就是让你明白，你没自己想的那么重要。

The boss wants to put you in your place, An idiom meaning to show someone that they are less important than they think they are.

而回避反应，则体现在同事对你消息置之不理，或者随便回个敷衍的答复。

The flight response, meanwhile, can be seen when coworkers ignore your message or give a quick unhelpful reply.

这些同事就是想赶紧把活儿甩掉。

Such colleagues want to get work off their plate.

这又是一个说法，意思是把本该自己处理的任务推给别人去操心。

Another idiom meaning to remove tasks from your own workload and give them to someone else to deal with.

可惜的是，压力大、赶截止日期的时候，很难保证每封邮件都礼貌得体。

Unfortunately, when stressed and working to a deadline, it's hard to make sure all your emails are polite.

艾玛·拉塞尔在做客BBC第四电台《全在心中》时就是这么说的。

That's what Emma Russell said when she spoke to BBC Radio four's All in the Mind.

因为我们处在一个大家都焦头烂额的环境里，更容易做出不理智的反应。

Because we're operating in these environments where we are all quite frazzled, we are more at risk of engaging in instability.

我们一忙乱起来，就更容易没礼貌。

We're more likely to be uncivil when we're frazzled.

非正式用语，形容因为同时处理太多事情而感到疲惫或焦虑。

An informal adjective describing feeling tired or anxious because you're doing too many things at the same time.

幸运的是，还是有办法缓解的。

Luckily, there are ways to help.

如果你写邮件时感到生气，先别急着点击发送。

If you feel angry when writing an email, pause before you hit send.

有一天，这可能保住你的友谊，甚至保住你的工作。

One day, it might save your friendship or even your job.

好的，贝卡，我礼貌地请你揭晓你问题的答案。

Okay, Becca, I'm going to politely ask you to please reveal the answer to your question.

当然，菲尔。

Of course, Phil.

我问你，是谁发了那封要求员工自证工作价值或辞职的邮件？

I asked you who sent the email requiring workers to justify their employment or resign?

我说我觉得可能是JD·万斯发的。

I said that I thought it might have been JD Vance.

我们不会开除你，菲尔，但你说错了。

Well, we're not going to fire you, Phil, but you are wrong.

正确答案其实是埃隆·马斯克。

The correct correct answer was Elon Musk.

明白了。

Okay.

我们来回顾一下学过的词汇，先从习语‘让人处于防御状态’说起，意思是让对方感到受威胁或不安。

Let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt, starting with the idiom put someone on the defensive, meaning to make someone feel threatened or unsure.

形容词‘uncivil’表示不礼貌，我们还有一个相近的名词叫‘incivility’（不文明行为）。

The adjective uncivil means impolite, and we have a similar noun that's incivility.

贬低别人就是让对方觉得自己低人一等或无足轻重。

To belittle someone means to make them feel inferior or unimportant.

如果你让某人认清自己的位置，就是让他明白他并没有自己以为的那么重要。

If you put someone in their place, you show them that they're not as important as they think they are.

把某事推给别人，意思是把任务或问题丢给他人，自己不亲自处理。

To get something off your plate means to give someone else a task or problem instead of dealing with it yourself.

最后，如果你觉得心力交瘁，那就是因为事情太多，感到疲惫或焦虑。

And finally, if you're frazzled, you feel tired or anxious because you're doing too much.

好了，我们这六分钟又到了。

Once again, our six minutes are up.

如果你想了解更多关于职场沟通的内容，可以看看我们的系列节目《办公室英语》。

If you want to know more about communication at work, check out our series Office English.

相关内容都在我们的网站上，还有本集的测验和练习题，网址是 bbclearningenglish.com。

It's on our website along with a quiz and a worksheet for this episode, and that's bbclearningenglish.com.

不过现在，该说再见了。

But now, it's goodbye.

再见。

Bye.

《六分钟英语》。

Six Minute English.

来自bbc英语学习网。

From bbclearningenglish.com.