动物应该被关在动物园里吗？

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自BBC学习英语网。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

你好。

Hello.

这里是BBC学习英语的六分钟英语。

This is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是尼尔。

I'm Neil.

我是乔治。

And I'm Georgie.

在本期节目中，我们将讨论一个常常引发强烈情感的有争议话题：动物是否应该被关在动物园里？

In this programme, we're discussing a controversial topic that often produces strong feelings should animals be kept in zoos?

尼尔，你对这个争论有什么看法？

What's your opinion on this debate, Neil?

哦，这个问题真的很难，Georgie。

Oh, it's a really difficult question, Georgie.

我认为养动物在动物园里有很好的科学理由，但在我看来，把野生动物关起来似乎有点悲哀和残忍。

I think there are good scientific reasons for having animals in zoos, but also it seems to me a little bit sad and cruel for wild animals to be locked up.

对一些人来说，动物园是向人们传授自然知识、拯救濒危物种免于灭绝的好方法。

For some, zoos are a good way to teach people about nature and save endangered species from extinction.

另一些人则认为，将动物与它们的自然栖息地分离是残忍且不必要的。

Others think separating animals from their natural habitat is cruel and unnecessary.

无论如何，每年估计有七亿游客参观动物园，它们依然很受欢迎。

Either way, with an estimated 700,000,000 visitors every year, zoos remain popular.

但它们是好事吗？

But are they a good thing?

我们将讨论正反两方面的观点，同时学习一些有用的词汇和短语。

We'll be debating the pros and cons as well as learning some useful new words and phrases.

请记住，你可以在我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com上找到本节目的所有词汇。

And remember, can find all the vocabulary for this programme on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

现在我有个问题要问你，乔治。

Now I have a question for you, Georgie.

2022年，澳大利亚悉尼的陶朗加动物园有五只动物逃跑了。

In 2022, five animals escaped from Sydney's Tauranga Zoo in Australia.

但这些逃跑的动物是a) 大象，b) 狮子，还是c) 斑马？

But were the escaped animals a) elephants b) lions or c) zebras?

我能想象斑马从动物园里跑出去的样子。

I can imagine zebras running away from the zoo.

好吧，我们会在节目结束时揭晓答案。

Okay, we'll find out the answer at the end of the programme.

记者威廉·李·亚当斯为BBC世界服务节目《究竟何物》调查了关于圈养动物的正反方观点。

Reporter William Lee Adams has been investigating the arguments for and against keeping animal in zoos with BBC World Service programme, What in the World?

在这里，他提出了两个支持动物园的理由。

Here, he gives two arguments in favour of zoos.

教育是动物园声称其存在的首要原因。

Education is the primary reason that zoos give for why they should exist.

事实上，世界各地的学童经常被组织去动物园参观。

The fact is schoolchildren all over the world are often bused to zoos.

我记得自己每年都会去亚特兰大动物园看低地大猩猩，目的就是让我们了解保护的重要性。

I remember myself going to see lowland gorillas at Zoo Atlanta every single year, and the point of this was to introduce us to conservation.

支持将动物关在动物园的一个理由是，让人们对保护植物、动物和自然环境免受人类破坏的重要性有所认识。

One argument for keeping animals in zoos is to educate people about the importance of conservation, the protection of plants, animals, and the natural world from human damage.

第二个观点是，动物园常常投资于帮助濒危动物的研究项目。

A second point is that zoos often invest in research programs that help endangered animals.

正如我们所知，熊猫 notoriously 不愿意交配。

Now as we know, pandas are notoriously reluctant to mate.

雌性熊猫的受孕窗口期非常短暂。

The female pandas have a narrow window of fertility.

它们是独居动物，而繁殖这件事需要双方配合。

They're solitary creatures, and it takes two to tango when it comes to reproduction.

但动物园投入了大量资金，试图找到方法鼓励这些动物交配。

But a lot of money in zoos, it goes to sort of find ways to encourage these animals to mate.

第二个论点是，动物园通过繁育保护濒危物种免于灭绝。

A second argument is that zoos protect endangered species from extinction through breeding.

威廉提到大熊猫，这种动物在繁殖方面很消极，也就是说它们行动缓慢且不愿意交配。

William mentions pandas, animals which are reluctant, meaning slow and unwilling, to reproduce.

雄性和雌性大熊猫需要一些帮助才能生育后代，而动物园可以提供这种帮助。

Male and female pandas need a little help to make babies, and zoos can provide this help.

威廉使用了‘独舞难成’这个习语，来形容一项需要两个人——或者在这个案例中，需要两只大熊猫——都愿意配合才能成功的活动。

William uses the idiom it takes two to tango to describe an activity which needs two people or in this case, two pandas, to be willing to make something a success.

现在让我们转向一些反对动物园的观点，有来自印度的19岁动物权利活动家尼基塔·达尔文，她接受了BBC世界服务节目《究竟发生了什么？》的采访。

Now let's turn to some of the arguments against zoos with Nikita Darwin, a 19 year old animal rights activist from India, who spoke to BBC World Service programme, What in the World?

我认为动物园不应该存在，原因有好几个。

I don't think zoos should exist for several reasons.

第一个原因是动物园对动物的生理和心理健康造成了有害影响。

The first one being a zoo's detrimental impact on both the physical and psychological health of animals.

许多研究和调查表明，动物园和水族馆中的许多动物会表现出异常行为，比如点头、来回踱步、刻板行为，这些都是心理压力的迹象。

Many studies and research have shown that many animals in zoos and aquariums display abnormal behaviors like head bobbing, pacing, stereotypical behaviors, signs of mental distress.

我所说的第二个原因是，动物园无法模拟动物在野外的自然栖息地。

The second reason I would say is that zoos cannot mimic the natural habitat of animals in the wild.

尼基塔认为，被关在动物园里对野生动物来说压力太大，会导致异常行为，这些行为与正常情况下预期的完全不同且更糟。

Nikita argues that being enclosed in a zoo is so stressful for wild animals, it leads to abnormal behaviour behaviour that is different and worse from what would normally be expected.

这类行为的例子包括动物在笼子里转圈踱步、摇晃、啃咬栏杆，甚至自残。

Examples of this include animals pacing their cages in circles and rocking, bar biting and even self harm.

这些行为在圈养动物中如此普遍，以至于有了一个专门的名称：动物园症。

And they're so common in captive animals, there's a name for it zoocosis.

即使是有大型围栏的动物园，也无法完全复制或模仿这些动物在野外享受的自然栖息地和开阔空间。

Even zoos with large enclosures cannot fully mimic or copy the natural habitats and open spaces these animals would enjoy in the wild.

想象一下，一只适应了寒冷北极生活的北极熊，被关在气候温暖得多的国家的动物园里会有什么感受。

And imagine how a polar bear, evolved for life in the frozen Arctic, would feel trapped in a zoo in a much warmer country.

一些动物学家将动物园症与人类的创伤如创伤后应激障碍相比较，但认为它更具破坏性。

Some zoologists have compared zoocosis to human traumas like post traumatic stress disorder, but say it's even more damaging.

对于圈养动物来说，包括它们呼吸的空气在内，一切都是创伤性的。

For captive animals, everything including the air they breathe is traumatic.

我们已经听了一些关于圈养动物于动物园的正反方观点。

We've heard a few arguments for and against keeping animals in zoos.

你觉得呢，尼尔？

What do you think, Neil?

你的看法有改变吗？

Have you changed your opinion at all?

嗯，我认为双方都有非常有力的论点。

Well, I think there are really strong arguments on both sides.

所以，我还是不确定，乔琪。

So I'm still not sure, Georgie.

我们知道一些悉尼动物园的动物对这些事情的感受，因为它们成功逃跑了。

Well, we know how some of the animals at the Sydney Zoo felt about things because they managed to escape.

但你问题的答案是什么，尼尔？

But what was the answer to your question, Neil?

嗯，乔琪，我问过你2022年有哪些动物从澳大利亚悉尼的动物园逃跑了。

Well, Georgie, I asked you which animals escaped from a zoo in Sydney, Australia in 2022.

是a)大象，b)狮子，还是c)斑马？

Was it a) elephants b) lions or c) zebras?

我说是斑马。

And I said zebras.

很遗憾，这个答案是错的。

I'm afraid that was the wrong answer.

实际上是狮子。

It was actually lions.

真吓人。

How scary.

好了，是时候回顾一下我们学过的词汇了。

Okay, it's time to recap the vocabulary we've learned.

保护是指保护植物、动物和自然环境免受人类的伤害。

Conservation is the protection of plants, animals and the natural world from human harm.

如果你对某事感到犹豫，就意味着你不想做，或者做得很慢。

If you are reluctant to do something, you don't want to do it or you do it very slowly.

习语‘it takes two to tango’指的是需要两个人自愿且积极地参与才能成功的活动。

The idiom it takes two to tango refers to an activity which needs two people to willingly and actively take part for it to succeed.

形容词‘abnormal’意味着以糟糕的方式不同于通常预期的情况。

The adjective abnormal means different from what would normally be expected in a bad way.

‘Zoocosis’是一个术语，用于描述圈养动物因 confinement 压力而表现出的重复性、无目的行为，包括来回踱步、点头和摇摆。

Zoocosis is a term to describe the repeated, purposeless behaviour performed by captive animals in response to the stress of being confined, including pacing, head bobbing and swaying.

最后，如果你模仿某人或某物，那就是在模仿或复制它。

And finally, if you mimic somebody or something, you imitate it or copy it.

再次提醒，我们的六分钟时间到了，但别忘了我们提供了练习本和测验，你可以用它们来练习本集的词汇。

Once again, our six minutes are up, but don't forget we have a worksheet and a quiz that you can use to practise the vocabulary from this episode.

访问 bbclearningenglish.com。

Visit bbclearningenglish.com.

暂时再见。

Goodbye for now.

再见。

Goodbye.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

感谢收听六分钟英语。

Thanks for listening to six Minute English.

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