食物的未来

这个BBC播客由英国境外的广告支持。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

欢迎来到《接口》节目，本节目将解读正在重塑你一周生活乃至整个世界的科技。

Welcome to the interface, the show that decodes the tech that's rewiring your week and your world.

在本期节目中，我们将探讨算法如何影响你的杂货开支，宇航员为何也会遇到微软Outlook的问题，以及科技的下一个趋势是否是更少的科技。

On this week's episode, we'll look at the way that algorithms could change how much you're paying for your groceries, how even astronauts have issues with Microsoft Outlook, and whether the next trend in tech is less tech.

请在bbc.com或你收听播客的任何平台收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

想练习你的阅读能力吗？

Want to practice your reading skills?

试试我们的新系列——杂志风格的文章《阅读室》。

Try The Reading Room, our new series of magazine style articles.

什么是最好的？

What's best?

早上洗澡还是晚上洗澡？

A morning shower or an evening shower?

魔术能教给我们关于大脑的什么知识？

What can magic teach us about the brain?

随着年龄增长，如何交朋友。

Making friends as you get older.

这些主题你都会在本系列中发现。

These are all topics you'll discover in the series.

每篇文章都附有重点词汇、理解问题和音频下载。

Each article comes with highlighted vocabulary, comprehension questions and an audio download.

通过访问 bbclearningenglish.com 的《阅读室》，了解世界并提升阅读能力。

Learn about the world and improve your reading skills with The Reading Room at bbclearningenglish.com.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

你好。

Hello.

这是BBC英语教学的《六分钟英语》。

This is six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是尼尔。

I'm Neil.

我是皮帕。

And I'm Pippa.

我们很多人从不思考厨房里的食物是从哪里来的。

Many of us don't think twice about where the food in our kitchen comes from.

只需去一趟超市，我们就能买到任何想要的东西，无论是南美洲种植的水果、西班牙的番茄，还是从亚洲空运来的大米。

One trip to the supermarket and we can buy anything we want, whether that's fruit grown in South America, tomatoes from Spain, or rice flown in from Asia.

你知道你买的食物来自哪里吗，尼尔？

Do you know where the food you buy comes from, Neil?

我尽量留意并购买本地生产的产品，但有时候我其实根本不会看。

I try to pay attention and buy stuff that's locally produced, but actually sometimes I don't really look.

你呢？

How about you?

我厨房墙上其实贴着一个日历，上面标明了各种水果和蔬菜在一年中的哪个季节种植。

I actually have a calendar on my kitchen wall which tells me which fruits and vegetables are grown at what times of year.

事实上，英国新鲜食品的供应是脆弱的。

The reality is that the supply of fresh food to The UK is fragile.

英国大约40%的食物依赖进口，而这条供应链很容易因战争、短缺，以及日益严重的气候变化而中断。

The UK imports around 40% of its food and this supply chain can easily be disrupted by wars, shortages and increasingly by climate change.

事实上，英国政府环境、食品与农村事务部最近发布报告，强调了粮食安全的重要性——即确保每个人都能获得足够稳定、负担得起且健康的食品。

In fact, the UK Government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs recently reported on the importance of food security the term for having a reliable enough supply of affordable, healthy food to feed everyone.

在本期节目中，我们将探讨影响英国粮食生产的问题。

In this episode, we'll be investigating the issues affecting food production in The UK.

和往常一样，我们会学习一些有用的生词，请记住，我们网站bbclearningenglish.com上提供了本节目的测验、练习题和文字稿。

As usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary and remember there's a quiz, worksheet and transcript of this episode on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

但首先，当然了，皮帕，我有个问题考考你。

But first, of course, Pippa, I have a quiz question for you.

我提到过，英国从其他国家进口40%的食物，主要来自欧洲。

I mentioned that Britain imports 40% of its food from other producers, mostly in Europe.

但英国从哪个欧洲国家进口的食物最多？

But which European country does The UK import the most food from?

是 a) 法国，b) 荷兰，还是 c) 爱尔兰？

Is it a) France b) The Netherlands or c) Ireland?

我在英国的很多食品包装上都看到过荷兰，所以我选 b) 荷兰。

I've seen The Netherlands on a lot of food packaging in The UK, so I'm going to say b) The Netherlands.

好的。

Okay.

我们稍后在节目中会揭晓你是否答对了。

Well, we'll find out if you're right later in the programme.

根据英国政府最近的报告，影响英国粮食供应的问题有很多，比如乌克兰和伊朗等地的地缘政治冲突、干旱和水资源短缺，以及气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失。

According to the UK government's recent report, there are many issues affecting Britain's food supply geopolitical conflicts like those in Ukraine and Iran, droughts and water shortages, loss of biodiversity caused by climate change.

这些问题层出不穷。

The list goes on and on.

以下是气候记者马克·波廷与BBC广播四台《食品节目》讨论该报告结论的对话。

Here, climate reporter Mark Pointing discusses the report's conclusions with BBC Radio four's The Food Programme.

这份报告大量引用了科学研究，提出了一个关于生物多样性丧失可能如何影响英国安全的合理最坏情景。

And it really draws on scientific research to come up with what it calls as a reasonable worst case scenario for how biodiversity loss could affect UK security.

它的结论非常严峻。

And its conclusions are really quite stark.

报告的第一句话指出，全球生态系统退化和崩溃威胁着英国的国家安全。

The first line of the report says global ecosystem degradation and collapse threatens The UK's national security.

报告描述了一种英国粮食耗尽的最坏情景。

The report describes a worst case scenario where Britain runs out of food.

最坏情景是指在特定情况下可能发生的情况中最糟糕的一种。

A worst case scenario is the worst possible thing that could happen in a particular situation.

马克说，这份报告的结论十分严峻，这里的‘严峻’意思是明显或严重。

Mark says the report's conclusions are stark an adjective which in this case means obvious or severe.

另一个与粮食安全相关的问题是气候变化。

Another problem with food security relates to climate change.

食品生产产生的碳排放约占所有温室气体的三分之一，这些气体来自拖拉机使用的柴油、化肥以及牛羊排放的甲烷。

Carbon emissions from food production make up around a third of all greenhouse gases from the diesel used to drive tractors to fertilisers to cows and sheep producing methane.

艾玛·平切贝克是英国气候变化委员会的首席执行官。

Emma Pinchbeck is the chief executive of the UK's Climate Change Committee.

她接受了BBC广播四台《食品节目》的采访，谈到了这个问题。

She spoke about this problem with BBC Radio four's The Food Programme.

农业排放的最大部分来自于在土地上饲养牲畜。

The biggest chunk of emissions from agriculture comes from simply having livestock on the land.

这是我们未来需要思考的关键部分。

That's the bit of the puzzle that we need to think about going forward.

按照我们的思路，每移走一头牛或一只羊，我们就会在土地上种植其他东西。

And in the way that we've thought about it, for every cow or sheep we take off the land, we put on something else.

总体而言，这使农民和土地所有者成为应对气候变化的解决方案的一部分，而不是问题的根源。

And what that does overall is it makes farmers and landowners part of the solution to climate change, not the problem.

牲畜，比如牛、羊和猪等家畜，是农业碳排放的主要来源。

Livestock that's farm animals such as cattle, sheep and pigs contribute most of the carbon emissions from agriculture.

转向可持续的食品供应，需要减少肉类和乳制品的摄入，转而选择非动物蛋白，如豆类和扁豆。

Moving towards a sustainable food supply involves reducing the amount of meat and dairy we eat in favour of non animal protein such as beans and lentils.

艾玛认为，鼓励农民和消费者减少肉类消费是解决这一问题的一部分。

Encouraging farmers and consumers to move away from meat is a piece of the puzzle according to Emma.

‘一部分’指的是解决某个问题的组成部分，在这里指的是粮食安全和气候变化这两大问题。

A piece of the puzzle means a part of the solution to a problem in this case, the twin problems of food security and climate change.

艾玛表示，重新思考农田的用途非常重要。

Emma says it's important to think again about how farmland is used.

每移走一头牛或一只羊，就种上其他作物，比如果树或蔬菜。

For every cow or sheep taken off the land, something else such as a fruit tree or vegetable crop is put in its place.

这样，农民就成为了问题的解决方案，而非问题本身——这句习语的意思是，如果你不主动解决问题，就是在助长问题持续存在。

That way, farmers become part of the solution, not the problem an idiom meaning that if you are not actively trying to fix a problem, you are helping it continue.

那里有很多值得思考的想法，尼尔。

Lots of ideas to chew over there, Neil.

但现在难道不是该揭晓你问题的答案的时候了吗？

But now isn't it time you revealed the answer to your question?

我的问题是，英国从哪个欧洲国家进口的食物最多？

My question was, which European country does The UK import the most food from?

你刚才说的是 b) 荷兰。

And you said b) The Netherlands.

你完全正确，皮帕。

And you were absolutely correct, Pippa.

确实是荷兰。

It is The Netherlands.

英国从荷兰进口了76亿英镑的商品，尤其是蔬菜和乳制品。

The UK imports £7,600,000,000 worth of imports, especially vegetables and dairy.

好，我们来回顾一下所学的词汇，首先是粮食安全——指一个国家拥有足够稳定的粮食供应来养活其人口。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with food security the situation where a country has a reliable enough supply of food to feed its population.

最坏的情况是指在特定情况下可能发生最糟糕的结果。

The worst case scenario is the worst possible thing that could happen in a particular situation.

形容词 'stark' 有多种含义，包括明显和严重的。

The adjective stark has several meanings, including obvious and severe.

家畜是指在农场饲养的动物和鸟类，比如牛、羊或鸡。

Livestock are animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep or chickens.

短语a piece of the puzzle意思是解决问题的某一部分。

The phrase a piece of the puzzle means a part of the solution to a problem.

最后，习语be part of the solution, not the problem意思是，如果你没有积极尝试解决问题，那你就是在助长问题持续存在。

And finally, the idiom be part of the solution, not the problem means that if you are not actively trying to fix a problem, you are helping it continue.

再次提醒，我们的六分钟时间到了，但如果这个话题激起了你的兴趣，不妨访问我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com，查看关于食物的专题页面。

Once again, our six minutes are up, but if this topic has made you hungry for more, why not check out our food topic page on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

再见，

Bye for

现在。

now.

再见。

Goodbye.

《Interface》是一档解读重塑你每周生活乃至整个世界的科技的节目。

Interface, the show that decodes the tech that's rewiring your week and your world.

在本期节目中，我们将探讨算法如何影响你的杂货账单，宇航员为何也会遇到Microsoft Outlook的问题，以及科技的下一个趋势是否是更少的科技。

On this week's episode, we'll look at the way that algorithms could change how much you're paying for your groceries, how even astronauts have issues with Microsoft Outlook, and whether the next trend in tech is less tech.

在bbc.com或您收听播客的任何平台收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.