写清单的乐趣

想提升你的英语会话能力吗？我们有一档播客节目正适合你。《学习英语对话》是我们呈现地道英语的家园。每周学习一个我们日常使用的新短语或习语。全年还有特别制作的纪录片，专为提高你的英语口语而设计。

Want to improve your English conversation skills? We have a podcast for that. Learning English Conversations is our home for authentic English. Every week, learn a new phrase or idiom with the English we speak. And across the year, listen to our special documentaries designed to improve your spoken English.

在播客应用中搜索《学习英语对话》或访问bbclearningenglish.com。

Search for Learning English Conversations in your podcast app or visit bbclearningenglish.com.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.

大家好。这里是BBC学习英语频道的《六分钟英语》。我是菲尔。

Hello. This is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil.

我是贝丝。

And I'm Beth.

清单是逐条罗列项目的集合，它们无处不在——购物清单、待办清单，甚至遗愿清单（一个人生前想完成的事）。事实上，《六分钟英语》有一期节目专门探讨过这个主题。

A list is a collection of items with a single item written on each line, and they're everywhere. Shopping lists, to do lists, even bucket lists, a list of all the things a person would like to do before they die. In fact, there's an episode of six Minute English all about them.

想象你在超市捡到别人的购物清单。语言学家乔·诺兰对此深有体会，她的新书探究了人类对清单的痴迷。以下是乔在BBC广播四台《口碑》节目中念出的购物清单片段。

Imagine you're at the supermarket and find someone's shopping list. This happens a lot to Jo Nolan, a linguistics researcher whose new book explores our love of lists. Here's Jo reading her shopping list on BBC Radio four programme, Word-of-mouth.

我只列出前四项，清单上写着：奶奶的、哎哎、呕吐、蘑菇。

I only list the first four items, but the list read Nana's, aye aye, puke, shrooms.

奶奶的、哎哎、呕吐、蘑菇？菲尔你能猜出乔在超市买的是什么吗？

Nana's I ai puke shrooms? Can you work out what Joe was buying at the supermarket, Phil?

好吧，我猜'nana'指的是香蕉，而'shrooms'肯定是蘑菇，对吧？

Okay. Well, I'm I'm gonna guess that nana's are bananas and shrooms, they've gotta be mushrooms. Right?

那么'aye aye'和'puke'又是什么意思呢？以下是乔向BBC广播四台《口碑》节目主持人迈克尔·罗森的解释。

Okay. But what about aye aye and puke? What could they mean? Well, here's Joe's explanation to Michael Rosen, presenter of BBC Radio four's word-of-mouth.

我们回头说说'puke'这个词。你当时是在超市里暗示自己要呕吐吗？我有点搞不懂。

And let's just come back to puke. I mean, were you instructing yourself to be sick in the supermarket? I'm just a bit lost there.

不是的。这有点恶心——我丈夫不喜欢黄瓜，而黄瓜的缩写恰好是'puke'，所以他一直用这个词来指代黄瓜。

No. It's slightly grotesque. My husband doesn't like cucumber, and the abbreviation for cucumber would be puke, so he has always referred to it as puke.

黄瓜会让乔安娜的丈夫'呕吐'（puke本意为呕吐），而puke与cucumber押韵，所以这是提醒她买黄瓜的方式。哇，有时候清单就像密码本。

Cucumbers make Joanna's husband puke, a slang word for vomit. And puke rhymes with puke, so it's a way of reminding her to buy cucumbers. Wow. Sometimes lists are like secret codes.

本期节目我们将探究人们为何热爱清单，并学习一些实用新词汇。记得在我们的官网bbclearningenglish.com查看节目词汇表。

In this episode, we'll find out why people love lists and learn some useful new words and phrases. And remember, you'll find another list of all the vocabulary used on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.

先来提问：根据IMDb网站榜单，史上最赚钱的电影是？A《泰坦尼克号》B《复仇者联盟4》C《阿凡达》？我猜是《阿凡达》，虽然它制作成本最高。

But first, a question for you, Beth. According to the list on the Internet Movie Database website, which movie has made the most money ever? Is it a, Titanic, b, Avengers Endgame, or c, Avatar? I think it might be Avatar, although that might have been the most expensive to make. I'm not sure.

答案将在节目尾声揭晓。经典歌曲《我最喜爱的事物》由朱莉·安德鲁斯在《音乐之声》中演唱，歌词罗列了从玫瑰上的雨滴到小猫胡须等美好事物。琼·奥林与迈克尔·罗森曾在BBC广播四台《口碑》节目中探讨过这首歌。

Okay. Well, we'll find out at the end of the program. Popular songs are full of lists, and one of the most famous is my favorite things, sung by Julie Andrews in the film, the sound of music. The song lists all her favorite things from raindrops on roses to whiskers on kittens. Here, Joan Olin and Michael Rosen discussed the song on BBC Radio four program, word-of-mouth.

这首歌可谓字字珠玑，或许是因其积极向上的基调。虽然有点甜腻，但清单式表达能促使人们高效简洁地思考。

I feel like you get a lot you get a big bang for your buck in that song. Maybe it's the positivity. It's a bit saccharine. Maybe that's also part of the issue. The list encourages you to think really efficiently and and economically.

因此你无需费心雕琢长句难词，就能直击事物核心。

So I think you don't waste a lot of time and effort making a nice sentence or using long words. You just get to the nub of things quite quickly.

这首歌列出的喜爱之物清单很长。乔说这让你物超所值，这个习语意指你花费的金钱或努力能获得丰厚回报。但并非所有人都喜欢这首歌，有人称其过于甜腻——这个形容词形容事物过分甜蜜、多愁善感或虚情假意。

The song's list of favorite things is long. And Joe says you get a big bang for your buck. An idiom meaning that you gain a lot in return for the money or effort you spend on something. But not everyone likes the song. Some call it saccharine, an adjective meaning excessively sweet, sentimental, or insincere.

清单通常会缩写所列项目，让你快速抓住要点。'the nub of something'指的是某事物最关键或最本质的部分。

Lists often abbreviate the items they contain, so you get to the nub of things quickly. The nub of something means the most important or essential point about it.

清单也很有实用价值。乔·诺兰在BBC广播四台《口口相传》节目中就举了个实用清单的例子。

Lists can be useful as well. Here's Jo Nolan giving an example of a useful list to BBC Radio four's word-of-mouth.

我有个朋友会制作利弊清单，她发现这确实能帮助解决问题。她把纸页对半分开写利弊，说完成时就知道该怎么做了。

A friend of mine who makes pros and cons lists finds that it really helps her resolve a situation. She halves her page, pros, cons, and she said by the end of it, she knows what she's doing.

清单通过写下某个情境的所有利弊来辅助决策。'pros and cons'是表达事物优缺点（尤其在需要抉择时）的另一种说法。

Lists help us make decisions by writing down all the pros and cons of a situation. The pros and cons is another way of saying the advantages and disadvantages of something, especially when you're trying to choose between them.

你越留意，就越会发现清单无处不在——比如菜单和银行对账单。治疗师甚至建议列出生活中所有美好事物来提升幸福感。对于写在纸片上的寥寥数语来说，这效果不赖。

The more you think about it, the more you see lists everywhere in menus and bank statements, for example. And therapists even recommend listing all the good things in your life to feel happier. Not bad for a few words on a scrap of paper.

好了，是时候揭晓问题的答案了。贝丝，我问你哪部电影是有史以来最卖座的，你说是《阿凡达》。根据互联网电影数据库显示，完全正确。太棒了。

Okay. It's time to reveal the answer to my question. Beth, I asked you which movie had made the most money ever, and you said Avatar. And now according to the Internet Movie Database, that's exactly right. Yay.

好的，我们来回顾学到的词汇，首先是'遗愿清单'——指你死前想完成的所有事情。

Okay. Let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting with bucket list. All the things you would like to do before you die.

'呕吐'是俚语，意为 vomit（呕吐）或 sick（恶心）。

Puke is slang for vomit or sick.

如果某物让你'物超所值'，意味着你投入的金钱或努力能获得大量额外回报。

If something gives bang for your buck, you gain a lot of extra value in return for the money or effort you put into it.

如果你用‘saccharine’形容某物，就是在批评它过于甜腻或矫情。

If you call something saccharine, you criticize it for being too sweet or sentimental.

问题或情况的核心（nub）是指其最重要或最本质的部分。

The nub of a problem or situation is the most important or essential thing about it.

最后，‘pros and cons’指的是事物的优缺点。又一次，我们的六分钟时间到了。但请记住，你可以在我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com上找到本集的测验和练习题。暂时先到这里，再见。

And finally, something's pros and cons are its advantages and disadvantages. Once again, our six minutes are up. But remember, you'll find a quiz and worksheets for this episode over on our website, bbclearningenglish.com. Goodbye for now.

再见。

Bye.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。

From bbclearningenglish.com.