新冠病毒的药物

这个BBC播客在英国以外的地区由广告支持。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

无论你在哪里收听，都能从BBC播客获得更多内容。

Get more with BBC podcasts wherever you listen.

订阅Apple Podcasts上的BBC播客高级版，抢先收听你最喜欢的节目，比如《邪恶天才》、《好坏亿万富翁》和《你死我活》。

Be the first to listen to your favorite shows, like Evil Genius, Good Bad Billionaire, and You're Dead to Me with a subscription to BBC Podcasts Premium on Apple Podcasts.

你也可以通过Amazon Music订阅，免费收听我们的一系列播客，没有广告。

You can also enjoy a range of our podcasts ad free with an Amazon Music subscription.

这是来自BBC Learning English的下载。

This is a download from BBC Learning English.

要了解更多信息，请访问我们的网站。

To find out more, visit our website.

来自bbclearningenglish.com的六分钟英语。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

你好。

Hello.

这里是BBC英语学习的六分钟英语节目。

This is six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是尼尔。

I'm Neil.

我是乔治娜。

And I'm Georgina.

新冠疫情改变了世界各国人民的日常生活。

Covid-nineteen has changed everyday life for people in countries around the world.

但冠状病毒并不是第一个引发大规模疾病并扰乱日常生活的流行病。

But coronavirus wasn't the first pandemic to cause mass sickness and disrupt daily life.

在2002年到2004年间，一种被称为SARS或严重急性呼吸综合征的疾病在中国南方爆发，导致数百人死亡，随后蔓延到世界其他地区。

Between 2002 and 2004, an outbreak of the disease known as SARS or severe acute respiratory syndrome caused hundreds of deaths in Southern China before spreading to other parts of the world.

引发SARS的病毒通过变异存活下来，在感染者的体内自我复制时发生变化。

The virus that caused SARS survived by mutating, changing as it reproduced itself in the bodies of infected people.

这导致病毒产生了变种，也就是原始病毒的轻微变异。

And this caused the virus to create strains slight variations of the original.

新冠病毒，也就是我们现在经历的由原始SARS病毒变异株引起的疾病，被称为SARS二号。

Covid-nineteen, the disease caused by the strain of the original SARS virus we are experiencing now, has been called SARS two.

在本期节目中，我们将探讨新冠病毒的起源，并听取关于这种疾病对我们构成威胁规模的新证据。

In this programme, we'll be looking at the origins of Covid-nineteen and hearing new evidence about the scale of the threat we face from the disease.

当然，我们还会学习一些新词汇。

And of course, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.

但首先，是时候回答我们的测验问题了。

But first, it's time for our quiz question.

我们知道，白细胞是免疫系统的一部分，我们的身体需要它来对抗像新冠病毒这样的传染病，但一个普通成年人每微升血液中需要多少白细胞呢？

We know that white blood cells make up part of the immune system our body needs to fight infectious diseases like Covid-nineteen but how many white blood cells per microlitre does the average adult human need?

是a) 7000个，b) 17000个，还是c) 70000个？

Is it a) 7,000 b) 17,000 or c) 70,000?

那样的话，我觉得越多越好。

In that case, I'd say more is better.

所以我选c) 70000个。

So c) 70,000.

好的。

Okay.

我们会在节目最后揭晓答案。

We'll find out the answer at the end of the programme.

乔治娜，你刚才提到，现在全球蔓延的这种疾病并不是第一种新冠类疾病。

Now Georgina, you mentioned that the disease spreading across the world today wasn't the first Covid-nineteen type disease.

没错。

That's right.

事实上，中国最近的一个研究项目已经在蝙蝠身上发现了超过700种不同的冠状病毒。

In fact, a recent research project in China has identified over 700 different types of coronavirus carried by bats.

其中一些病毒株被认为已经传染给了人类。

Some of these virus strains are thought to have already crossed over to humans.

纽约生态健康联盟的彼得·达萨克博士认为，新的病毒株有可能引发未来的大流行病。

Doctor Peter Dasak of New York's EcoHealth Alliance thinks that new strains of the virus have the potential to cause future pandemics.

他在中国农村待了多年，寻找可能从蝙蝠传染给人类的冠状病毒。

He spent years in the Chinese countryside looking for the coronaviruses that could jump from bats to humans.

这是他在接受BBC世界服务节目《科学在行动》采访时说的话。

Here he is talking to the BBC World Service programme Science in Action.

如果能找到非典二号的先兆病毒，那当然很好，但更好的是在非典二号出现之前就发现它，并拉响警报，阻止疫情爆发，但我们没有做到。

It would have been great to have found the precursor to SARS two but what would have been even better is to have found it before SARS two emerged and raise the red flag on it and stop the outbreak, but we didn't do that.

我们当时寻找的是，根据我们的假设，非典一号，也就是最初的SARS病毒，我们以为它已经消失了，但它可能还在蝙蝠身上，这就是我们当时在寻找的。

What we were looking for were, at the time, our hypothesis was that SARS one, the original SARS virus, which we all thought had disappeared, was still out there in bats, and that was what we were looking for.

所以我们找到了很多与非典一号相关的病毒。

So we found a lot of SARS-one related viruses.

如果科学家对新冠病毒的先兆病毒了解得更多，也许新冠疫情本来可以被控制住。

Covid-nineteen may have been contained if scientists had known more about the disease's precursor.

先兆病毒是指在某事物出现之前就存在，并导致该事物发展的那种情况。

That's a situation which existed before something and led to the development of that thing.

在这里，新冠病毒的先兆病毒就是最初的非典一号。

Here, the precursor of Covid-nineteen was the original SARS-one.

任何新的病毒病例都会成为另一次疫情爆发的红色警报，这是一个危险的信号，表明需要采取行动。

Any new cases of the virus would have been a red flag for another outbreak a symbol of danger that some action needs to be taken.

达萨克医生认为某种形式的SARS病毒仍然存在于蝙蝠体内，他的研究就是基于这个假设——这个想法只是对某事的一种可能解释，但尚未被证实。

Doctor Dasak believed that some form of tsars remained in bats and based his investigations on this hypothesis an idea which is suggested as a possible explanation of something but which has not yet been proved correct.

另一位致力于预防新疫情的科学家是病理学家玛丽·福克斯教授。

Another scientist working to prevent new epidemics is the pathologist Professor Mary Fawkes.

最初的SARS被视为一种呼吸道疾病，主要攻击肺部。

The original SARS was treated as a respiratory disease which attacked the lungs.

但在接触感染患者时，福克斯教授注意到，新冠病毒同样损害大脑、血液和其他器官。

But when working with infected patients, Professor Fawkes noticed that Covid-nineteen was damaging the brain, blood and other organs as well.

临床医生已经发现，许多新冠患者表现出意识混乱，不一定能正确感知周围环境。

Clinicians have recognised that a lot of patients that have Covid are exhibiting confusion, not necessarily aware of their environment appropriately.

有些人还会癫痫发作。

Some are having seizures.

所以确实存在一些中枢神经系统的异常。

So there are some central nervous system abnormalities.

如你所知，很多患者出现嗅觉丧失，这也与大脑直接相关。

As you know, a lot of patients are exhibiting loss of sense of smell and that is a direct connection to the brain as well.

在一些受感染的病人中，冠状病毒会攻击中枢神经系统，也就是由大脑和脊髓组成的身体主要神经控制系统。

In some infected patients, coronavirus attacks the central nervous system the body's main system of nerve control consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

严重时，这可能导致癫痫发作，也就是突然发作的疾病，通常影响心脏或大脑。

When severe, this can cause seizures sudden violent attacks of an illness often affecting the heart or brain.

看起来像新冠这类疾病短期内不会消失。

It seems that Covid-nineteen type diseases are not going to disappear anytime soon.

这提醒了我们今天听到的科学研究的重要性。

Reminding us of the importance of the scientific research we've heard about today.

还有增强免疫力的重要性，这让我想起了今天的测验问题。

And the importance of boosting your immunity which reminds me of today's quiz question.

你问我人体每微升有多少个白细胞。

You asked me how many white blood cells per microlitre the human body has.

我说是七万个。

I said c 70,000.

好吧，如果那是真的，乔治娜，你肯定增强了免疫力，因为正确答案是七千个。

Well, if that was true, you've definitely boosted your immunity, Georgina, cause the correct answer is c just 7,000.

今天我们讨论了导致新冠肺炎的病毒的毒株，也就是病毒的细微变异。

Today we've been discussing the strains or slight variations of the virus which causes Covid-nineteen.

新冠肺炎的前身是非典，也就是它的前驱疾病，这种情况在某种事物之前存在，并促成了该事物的发展。

Covid-nineteen has a previous disease called SARS as its precursor, a situation which existed before something and caused the development of that thing.

研究人员假设病毒是从蝙蝠传给人类的，这是一种尚未被证实的可能解释。

Researchers use the idea that the virus had passed to humans from bats as their hypothesis possible explanation for something which has not yet been proved true.

通过识别新的病毒毒株，医生希望那些无法解释的病例能起到警示作用，成为危险的信号，以防止疫情进一步暴发。

By identifying new virus strains, doctors hope unexplained cases can act as a red flag, a warning sign of danger to prevent further outbreaks.

随着我们对新冠病毒如何攻击中枢神经系统（即大脑和脊髓）的了解越来越多，了解新毒株变得越来越重要，在某些患者中，这可能导致癫痫发作，即突然发作的剧烈疾病，尤其影响心脏或大脑。

Knowing about new strains is increasingly important as we find out more about how coronavirus attacks the body's central nervous system the brain and spinal cord which in some patients can cause seizures sudden violent attacks of an illness especially affecting the heart or brain.

所以请尽量保持安全，勤洗手，记得下次再来收听我们的节目。

So try to stay safe, wash your hands and remember to join us again soon.

再见。

Bye for now.

再见。

Bye.

这里是BBC六分钟英语。

Six Minutes English from the BBC.

无论你在哪里收听，都可以通过BBC播客获取更多内容。

Get more with BBC podcasts wherever you listen.

订阅Apple Podcasts上的BBC播客高级版，抢先收听你喜欢的节目，比如《邪恶天才》《好坏亿万富翁》和《你对我已死》。

Be the first to listen to your favorite shows, like Evil Genius, Good Bad Billionaire, and You're Dead to Me with a subscription to BBC podcasts premium on Apple Podcasts.

你还可以通过Amazon Music订阅，无广告畅享我们的一系列播客。

You can also enjoy a range of our podcasts ad free with an Amazon Music subscription.