为什么心碎会如此痛苦？

这个BBC播客在英国以外的地区由广告支持。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside the UK.

那么，快速回顾一下夏天。

So, quick summer recap.

热浪、数据泄露、AI黑客、折叠手机，还有一只走红的脊柱有问题的浣熊。

Heat waves, data leaks, AI hacks, folding phones, and a viral spinally challenged raccoon.

对，我觉得差不多就这些了，对吧？

Yeah, I think that covers it, right?

我是托马斯·杰曼。

I'm Thomas Germain.

我是杰斯·马多克斯，《界面》节目从暑假回来了。

I'm Jess Maddox, and "The Interface" is back from its summer break.

新一季，新搭档，同样深入探讨那些塑造我们世界和生活的科技。

New season, new co-host, same deep dives into the tech that's shaping our world and our lives.

所以在AI消灭全人类之前——

So before AI wipes out all of humanity-

据说而已。

Allegedly

……欢迎收听《The Interface》。

... join us for "The Interface."

可以在bbc.com或任何你收听播客的平台上收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

还有六分钟时间吗？

Got another six minutes?

我们还有很多内容可以帮助你提升英语。

We have lots more to help you with your English.

试试《Real Easy English》，从自然的英语对话中学习，或者从世界各地的重要新闻中学习英语。

Try Real Easy English to learn from natural English conversations or learn some English from the biggest news stories from around the world.

在你的播客应用里搜索BBC Learning English，找到我们的其他节目，或者访问bbclearningenglish.com获取更多内容。

Search BBC Learning English in your podcast app to find our other programs or find much more at bbclearningenglish.com.

你好，欢迎收听BBC Learning English的《6 Minute English》。

Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

我是尼尔。

I'm Neil.

我是乔治。

And I'm Georgie.

你知道吗，现在可以带字幕观看这个播客了。

Did you know you can now watch this podcast with subtitles?

在bbclearningenglish.com就能找到。

Find it at bbclearningenglish.com.

现在，我想让你回想一下上次心碎的时候。

Now, I want you to think back to the last time you had your heart broken.

那是什么感觉？

How did it feel?

那是几年前的事了，我只记得一种非常强烈的悲伤情绪，但有时候感觉就像胃里真的疼一样，对吧？

It was a couple of years ago, and I just remember a really intense, sad emotion, but it also sometimes feels like a physical pain in your stomach, doesn't it?

确实。

It does.

这就像真的疼痛，对吧？

It's like real pain, isn't it?

今天在六分钟英语节目中，我们要聊聊心碎这件事。

And today in 6 Minute English, we're talking about heartbreak.

心碎就是我们失去所爱之人时感到的那种悲伤，而你感受到的那种痛，并不是凭空想象的。

Now, heartbreak is the feeling of sadness we get when we lose someone we love, and that pain you feel, it's not just imaginary.

在本期播客中，我们会了解当我们坠入爱河时大脑是如何变化的，并探讨一个问题：为什么心碎会这么痛？

In this podcast, we'll be understanding how our brains change when we fall in love and asking the question: why does heartbreak hurt so much?

和往常一样，我们还会学习一些有用的新词汇。

And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary.

你可以在bbclearningenglish.com找到完整的词汇表和释义。

You can find the full list and the definitions at bbclearningenglish.com.

乔治，我们先从一个测验问题开始。

Georgie, we're going to start with a quiz question.

你准备好了吗？

Are you ready?

我准备好了。

I am very ready.

上世纪50年代，心理学家发现儿童与父母早期的情感纽带和他们成年后的恋爱关系之间存在联系。

So, in the 1950s, psychologists noticed a link between children's early bonds with their parents and their romantic relationships as adults.

这个理论叫什么名字来着？

But what is this theory called?

是A选项的收缩理论，B选项的依恋理论，还是C选项的迷信理论？

Is it A, contraction theory, B, attachment theory, or C, superstition theory?

我觉得是B，依恋理论。

I think it's B, attachment theory.

好的。

Okay.

好吧，我们节目最后揭晓答案。

Well, we will find out at the end of the program.

当我们坠入爱河时，大脑里会发生什么呢？

What's going on in our brains when we fall in love?

科学家们扫描了人们看着恋人照片时的大脑，发现看着你爱的人会激活大脑中一个也提醒我们吃饭喝水的部分。

Well, scientists have scanned people's brains while they're looking at a photo of their romantic partner, and they found that looking at someone you're in love with activates a part of the brain that also reminds us to eat and drink.

那科学家们知道为什么恋爱会这样影响我们的大脑吗？

And do scientists know why being in love impacts our brain in this way?

这其实都关乎生存。

So it's all about survival.

我们的大脑进化成了这样。

Our brains have evolved to be this way.

露西·布朗博士向BBC世界服务节目做了更多解释。

Dr. Lucy Brown explains more to the BBC World Service.

这是一个生存系统。

This is a survival system.

大自然赋予我们这些系统，让我们彼此依赖，为了繁衍，为了保护。

Nature gave us these systems to be addicted to each other for reproduction, for protection.

你完全专注于对方。

You're oriented completely toward the other person.

就像饥饿或口渴一样。

It's like hunger or thirst.

露西说我们的大脑让我们对恋爱对象上瘾。

Lucy says our brains make us addicted to our romantic partners.

如果你对某样东西上瘾，你就会想要更多。

If you're addicted to something, you want more of it.

你确实会对毒品或酒精这类东西上瘾，但我们也用这个词来比喻我们热爱的事物。

You can literally be addicted to things like drugs or alcohol, but we also use it metaphorically to talk about things we love.

她说恋爱中的双方会互相“orient”，在英式英语里我们说“orientated”，意思就是彼此指向对方。

She says that romantic partners are oriented to each other, which in British English, we say orientated, and it means they're pointed towards each other.

他们总是先想到对方，再想到别人。

They think of each other before other people.

尼尔，科学家们通过扫描恋爱中人的大脑，还发现了其他什么吗？

Neil, is there anything else scientists have discovered from scanning the brains of people in love?

嗯，恋爱不仅会改变我们的思维方式，还会改变我们的整个身份。

Well, being in love doesn't just change the way we think, it changes our whole identity.

2013年的一项研究让我们更清楚地了解了这一点。

A 2013 study showed us more about this.

研究人员给人们看一些关于他们自己的描述，比如“尼尔很善良”，这时我们用来思考自己的大脑区域会亮起来。

People were shown statements about themselves, for example, Neil is kind, and the part of the brain we use to think about ourselves lit up.

当给他们看关于伴侣的相同描述时，同一个大脑区域也会活跃，而不是我们通常用来思考他人的那个区域。

When shown the same statements about their partner, the same part of the brain was active, not the part of the brain we generally use to think about others.

那么尼尔，恋爱带来的所有这些大脑变化，对我们真的有好处吗？

So Neil, are all of these brain changes that come with being in love actually good for us?

研究表明，良好的社交关系有助于管理压力，并支持我们的免疫系统。

Well, studies suggest that good social connections help manage stress and support our immune system.

佐伊·唐纳森教授向BBC世界服务频道做了更多解释。

Professor Zoe Donaldson explained more to the BBC World Service.

拥有非常牢固的社交纽带会增加你从几乎任何困境中存活下来的可能性，无论是癌症、抑郁症等等。

Having really strong social bonds increases your likelihood that you'll survive from just about anything, whether that be cancer, depression, et cetera.

而且总的来说，这是长寿的首要预测因素。

And it overall is the number one predictor of longevity.

所以如果你感到孤独，没有亲密关系，那么你的死亡风险会上升，其程度相当于肥胖或吸烟。

So if you are lonely and you don't have bonds, then your mortality risk goes up in a way that's equivalent to being obese or smoking.

所以根据佐伊的说法，拥有强大的社交纽带或与他人的亲密关系，会让你更有可能战胜疾病。

So having strong social bonds or close relationships with other people makes you more likely to survive disease, according to Zoe.

是的，这是我们长寿的一个重要因素，长寿就是指我们能活多久。

Yes, it's an important factor in our longevity, which means how long we live.

事实上，佐伊说，感到孤独且没有良好的社交纽带，会使你的死亡风险增加，其程度相当于肥胖或吸烟。

In fact, Zoe says being lonely and not having good social bonds increases your mortality risk, your risk of dying, by as much as being obese or smoking.

好的，那么当这些纽带被切断，当我们经历心碎时，会发生什么呢？

Okay, so what happens when these bonds are broken, when we experience heartbreak?

科学家们通过让参与者看前任的照片，并扫描他们的大脑来研究这个问题。

Well, scientists have been looking at this by asking people to look at photos of their exes, their former partners, and scanning their brains.

他们发现，心碎会激活我们处于危险或疼痛时使用的大脑区域。

They found that heartbreak activates parts of the brain we use when we're in danger or in pain.

佐伊·唐纳森教授会进一步解释。

Professor Zoe Donaldson explains more.

你的大脑里真的有痛感。

There's literal pain in your brain.

所以如果你看大脑中亮起的区域，它们和你在感受到内脏疼痛时激活的脑区是重叠的，比如你被烧伤或者骨折时的那种真实疼痛。

So if you look at the parts of the brain that light up, they overlap with the same brain regions that are activated when you feel visceral pain, when you feel actual, like you get a burn or you break a bone.

好的，现在该揭晓我之前问你的那个测验问题的答案了。

Okay, so now it's time for the answer to the quiz question I asked you.

这个问题是关于心理学家在20世纪50年代提出的一个理论，该理论认为儿童早期与父母的关系会影响他们成年后的关系。

It was about a theory developed by psychologists in the 1950s, which says that children's early relationships with their parents impact their relationships as adults.

这个理论叫什么名字？

What's the name of the theory?

我对此很有信心，对吧，尼尔？

I was quite confident about this, wasn't I, Neil?

我说的是依恋理论。

I said attachment theory.

嗯，你有理由自信，因为你答对了。

Well, you had a reason to be confident because you are correct.

太好了。

Yay.

好的，我们来回顾一下本期节目中学到的词汇，首先是心碎，指的是失去所爱之人后的那种感受。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we learned in this program, starting with heartbreak, which is the feeling you experience after you lose someone you love.

如果你对某人或某物上瘾，你就会一直想要更多。

If you're addicted to someone or something, you want more of it all the time.

“以……为导向”这个说法是比喻用法，意思是某人或某事是你的主要关注点。

Oriented or orientated towards is used metaphorically to mean that someone or something is your main focus.

社会纽带是指我们与家人、朋友和恋人之间的亲密关系。

Social bonds are the close relationships we have with family, friends, and romantic partners.

长寿指的是你能活多久。

Longevity means how long you'll live.

前任是指你不再与之保持恋爱关系的过去的伴侣。

And an ex is a past romantic partner that you are no longer in a relationship with.

我们的六分钟时间又到了，不过你可以通过我们网站上的练习表来测试一下你学到了什么。

Once again, our six minutes are up, but you can test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website.

去bbclearningenglish.com。

Go to bbclearningenglish.com.

感谢你的收听，再见。

Thanks for joining us, and goodbye.

再见。

Goodbye.

那么，快速回顾一下夏天。

So, quick summer recap.

热浪、数据泄露、AI黑客、折叠手机，还有一只走红的脊柱有问题的浣熊。

Heat waves, data leaks, AI hacks, folding phones, and a viral spinally challenged raccoon.

对，我觉得差不多就这些了，对吧？

Yeah, I think that covers it, right?

我是托马斯·杰曼。

I'm Thomas Germain.

我是杰斯·马多克斯，《界面》节目从夏季休假中回来了。

I'm Jess Maddox, and "The Interface" is back from its summer break.

新一季，新搭档，还是那么深入地探讨那些塑造我们世界和生活的科技。

New season, new co-host, same deep dives into the tech that's shaping our world and our lives.

所以在人工智能消灭全人类之前——

So before AI wipes out all of humanity-

据说是这样。

Allegedly

……来收听《The Interface》吧。

... join us for "The Interface."

可以在bbc.com或者你常用的播客平台收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.