AEE 2552：如何掌握英语中易混淆的过去式动词

这是All Ears English播客第2552期。

This is an All Ears English podcast episode twenty five fifty two.

如何掌握英语中令人困惑的过去式动词。

How to master confusing past tense verbs in English.

欢迎收听All Ears English播客，本节目已下载超过两亿次。

Welcome to the All Ears English podcast downloaded more than 200,000,000 times.

你是否在英语学习中感到停滞不前？

Are you feeling stuck with your English?

我们将教你如何通过注重交流而非完美，变得自信而流利。本节目由美国主持人Aubrey Carter、雅思专家以及英语冒险家Lindsey McMahon为您带来，他们来自美国亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州。

We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection with your American host, Aubrey Carter, the IELTS whiz, and Lindsey McMahon, the English adventurer, coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, USA.

如需每周通过电子邮件接收文字稿，请访问allearsenglish.com/subscribe。

And to get your transcripts delivered by email every week, go to allearsenglish.com forward slash subscribe.

当你需要将两个词的短语变为过去式时，是否会对英语语法感到困惑？

Do you get confused by English grammar when you have to put two word phrases in the past tense?

今天，我们将澄清你的困惑，并通过一个常见的短语动词提供一些精彩例句。

Today, clear up your confusion and get some great examples with a common phrasal verb.

你是否经常遇到这样的情况：你很清楚自己想说什么，但那一刻却想不起所需的英语词汇？

Do you often end up in situations where you know exactly what you want to say, but you don't have the English vocabulary words that you need in that moment?

要想在英语上取得成功，你需要掌握细致入微的英语词汇。

To succeed in English, you need nuanced English vocabulary.

但首先，你需要了解自己的英语水平。

But first, you need to know your English level.

参加我们的免费英语水平测试，看看你是B1、B2还是C1水平。

Take our free English level quiz to find out if you are b one, b two, or c one.

前往 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

就是 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

That's allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

嘿，奥布里。

Hey, Aubrey.

最近怎么样？

What's shaking?

我很好。

I am doing great.

琳赛，你怎么样？

How are you, Lindsay?

不错。

Good.

奥布里，你多久吹一次头发？

Aubrey, how often do you blow dry your hair?

大概一周一次或两次。

About once or twice a week.

一周一次。

Once or week.

好的。

Okay.

正在录像。

Recording on video.

如果你看到我的头发看起来很直很漂亮，那是我吹干了头发。

If you see my hair kind of straight looking nice, I blow I blow dried my hair.

我们对此感到非常荣幸。

We're so honored for that.

我从不这么做，你呢，Lindsay？

I never do What about you, Lindsay?

你真是太讲究了。

You're so luxurious.

是的。

Yeah.

不。

No.

我从不吹干头发，甚至都不怎么梳头。

I never blow dry my hair and I I don't even really brush my hair.

我只在洗澡时用梳子梳一下，其他什么都不做，因为你是卷发的话，就不能做那些事。

I comb it in the shower, but I don't do anything because when you have curly hair, you have to you can't do those things.

会让头发变得蓬松又奇怪。

It'll make it all poofy and weird.

所以需要维护。

So maintenance.

是的。

Yes.

对。

Yeah.

是的。

Yes.

这里有一些特别的项目。

Special special projects here.

但，是啊，我们为什么在聊这个，奥布里？

But, yeah, why are we talking about this, Aubrey?

这个动词最近被提出来了，因为母语者过去在使用它时常常感到困难。

So this verb came up recently because native speakers struggle with it in the past.

我想我刚说了，我用吹风机吹干了头发，结果就像吹干了一样。

I think I just said, I blew dry my hair and it was like blow dried.

米歇尔也想说这个词，你知道的，她说：等等，是 blow dried 还是 blue dry？

Michelle went to say it, you know, and she was like, wait, is it blow dried or blue dry?

我说，让我想想。

And I like, let me think.

两个词的动词真的很让人困惑，尤其是在过去时态中。

Two word verbs can be really confusing, especially in the past.

嗯。

Mhmm.

当然。

For sure.

因为有些是单个动词，有些是短语动词，这会影响它们的过去式形式。

Because some function as single verbs and some are phrasal verbs, and this changes their past tense form.

所以今天我们一定要深入探讨一下，讲给我们的听众听。

So we're really gonna get into this today for our listeners.

是吗？

Yeah?

是的。

Yes.

会有大量例子。

With lots of examples.

会很有趣。

It's going to be fun.

但首先，来个简短的语法讲解。

But first, a quick grammar lesson.

这很有趣。

This is interesting.

大多数母语者其实并不了解这个语法点。

Most native speakers actually are not aware of this grammar.

所以，在这个简短的讲解之后，你的水平就会超越大多数母语者了。

So after this little brief lesson, you will be above and beyond most native speakers.

太喜欢了。

Love it.

那么，复合动词和短语动词之间的区别，你觉得是什么？

So the difference between compound verb and phrasal verb, what do we think it is?

没错。

Exactly.

复合动词是一个广义类别，指由多个词组成的任何动词。

So a compound verb is this broad category for any verb that's made of multiple words.

有些人把助动词也算在内，比如 will go 或 is running。

So some include auxiliary verbs, like will go or is running.

还有一些是多个词的组合，比如 babysit、daydream、backflip。

And then some are combinations of multiple words like babysit, daydream, backflip.

好的。

Okay.

那什么是短语动词呢，林赛？

And then what's a phrasal verb, Lindsey?

不同的。

Different.

对吧？

Right?

短语动词是一种构成新的习语含义的复合动词。

A phrasal verb is a type of compound verb that forms a new idiomatic meaning.

这才是关键。

And this is the key.

当你把动词和介词组合在一起时，必须改变其含义。

It has to change the meaning when you put the verb and the preposition together.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Exactly.

比如 blow off，意思是敷衍某事；give in，意思是顺从别人的意思。

Like blow off, meaning to dismiss something or give in, meaning to do what someone wants.

对吧？

Right?

所以它是一个基本动词加上副词或介词。

So it's a base verb plus an adverb or a preposition.

对。

Right.

所以我们

So we

我们知道短语 blow off 的意思和 blow 不一样。

know that the phrase blow off does not mean the same thing as blow.

这就是它如何改变意思的。

So that's how it changes the meaning.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Exactly.

所以本质上，所有的短语动词都是复合动词，但并非所有的复合动词都是短语动词。

So essentially all phrasal verbs are compound verbs, but not all compound verbs are phrasal verbs.

这其实非常棘手。

And here's what's really tricky.

很多词根据上下文可以兼具两种用法。

Many words can be both, depending on the context.

天哪。

Oh my gosh.

比如，look up。

For example, look up.

那这个呢？

What about this one?

look up。

Look up.

是的，当它表示看的方向时，它只是一个带介词的动词。

Yeah, so when it means the direction one is looking, it's just a verb with a preposition.

对吧？

Right?

一个常见的动词。

A common verb.

我从书本上抬起头，看到她正要离开。

I looked up from my book and saw she was leaving.

但如果它是短语动词呢，Lindsay？

But what if it's a phrasal verb, Lindsay?

当它是短语动词时，它的意思是搜索信息。

When it's a phrasal verb, it would mean search for information.

对吧？

Right?

所以，我需要查一下我的航班时间。

So, I need to look up my flight times.

我需要查一下字典里的那个词。

I need to look up that word in the dictionary.

这会稍微改变'look'的含义。

That then changes the meaning of look slightly.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Exactly.

它实际上意味着研究。

It means like research actually.

是的，和你注视的方向有关。

Has Yeah, to

与你注视的方向有关。

do with the direction one is looking.

所以，非常有趣。

So, very interesting.

所以，吹干，这是一个单一动词。

So, blow dry, this is a single verb.

native speakers 在过去时态中经常用错是有原因的，因为它是一个单一动词，意思是用吹风机吹干某物。

And there's a reason native speakers mess it up a lot in the past tense because it functions as a single verb, meaning to dry something with a blow dryer.

它并不是那种意义发生巨大变化的典型短语动词。

It's not a typical phrasal verb where the meaning changes dramatically.

它只是将 'blow' 和 'dry' 结合起来，描述一个动作，形成一个复合动词。

It just combines blow and dry to describe an action forming a compound verb.

是的。

Yeah.

而且，如果要构成短语动词，那里需要一个介词，对吧？

And also, would need a preposition there for it to be a phrasal verb, right?

没有介词。

Don't have a preposition.

是的。

Yeah.

对。

Right.

这是一个复合动词。

This is a compound verb.

只是将两个词组合在一起。

It's just combining two words.

是的。

Yeah.

但当你改变时态时，你要改变整个动词。

But when you change the tense, you change the whole verb.

所以 blow dry 变成 blow dried，而不是 blue dry。

So blow dry becomes blow dried, not blue dry.

比如她今天早上吹干了头发。

So like she blow dried her hair this morning.

对。

Yes.

很好。

Nice.

之所以这样，我本来想说，好吧。

And the reason this is, I was going say, okay.

这个错误很常见，是因为当它是短语动词时，过去式中的用法不同，对吧？

Reason this mistake is common is that when it's a phrasal verb, it works differently in the past, right?

好的。

Okay.

对。

Yep.

继续说吧，奥布里。

Tell us more, Aubrey.

我们这么说是什么意思？

What do we mean by that?

对于短语动词，介词部分保持不变，而主要动词‘blow’变为过去式。

So for phrasal verbs, the particle remains unchanged and the main verb blow is changed to past tense.

我们来举一些例子。

So let's give some examples.

例如，短语动词 blow out 的意思是熄灭火焰。

For example, the phrasal verb blow out, meaning like to extinguish a flame.

那么，我们如何用过去时表达这个呢？

How would we say this in the past tense?

是的，过去时当然要说 she blew out the candles on her cake。

Yeah, the past tense, of course, we say she blew out the candles on her cake.

所以我们是把 blow 变成了过去时。

So then we are putting that blow into the past tense.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Exactly.

或者它也可以表示轮胎爆裂。

Or it could also mean for a tire to burst.

如果我们用过去时说这句话，就是：我迟到了，因为我的轮胎在高速公路上爆了。

And if we say this in the past tense, I was late because my tire blew out on the highway.

所以我们能理解为什么说话者会犯这个错误，因为我们确实会听到过去时态的短语动词用 blew。

So we can see why, you know, speakers make this mistake because we do hear phrasal verbs with blew in the past tense.

blew out。

Blew out.

我们这里还有几个例子，但是

We got a couple more examples here, but

吹干。

blow dried.

或者吹胀。

Or blow up.

另一个这里的短语动词，对吧？

Another phrasal verb here, right?

不过它有几种不同的含义。

Meaning a couple of different meanings though.

爆炸。

Explode.

对吧？

Right?

昨晚老锅炉突然爆炸了。

The old boiler suddenly blew up last night.

对吧？

Right?

是的，这意味着真的发生了爆炸。

Yeah, this means there was an actual explosion.

它爆炸了。

It blew up.

但这也可能表示一个人变得非常生气，对吧？

But it could also mean a person's becoming very angry, right?

她听到这个消息时大发雷霆。

She blew up when she heard the news.

并不意味着她真的爆炸了。

Does not mean she literally exploded.

她生气了。

She got angry.

对。

Right.

或者另一个意思。

Or another meaning.

天哪，有三种意思。

Oh my gosh, there are three meanings.

天啊。

Jesus.

放大一张照片或图像。

Enlarge a photo or an image.

我把照片放大了用于演示。

I blew up the photo for the presentation.

是的。

Yeah.

有时候你去度假，拍了一张很棒的照片，比如金字塔之类的，然后你想把它放大。

Sometimes you might go on vacation and you take a great photo of, let's say, a pyramid or something, and then you want to blow it up.

你把它导入Photoshop，做成一张海报。

You take it into the Photoshop and you make it a poster.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Exactly.

对吧？

Right?

所以，当然你可以用‘enlarge’，但和很多动词一样，我们也有一个意思相同的短语动词，就是‘blow it up’。

And so you can, of course, say enlarge, but as with many verbs, we also have a phrasal verb that means the same thing, you can blow it up.

我把照片放大了。

I blew up the photo.

最糟糕的是当我们对某人发脾气的时候。

And the worst one is when we blow up at someone.

是的，我们会对某人非常生气并朝他们大喊大叫。

Is Yeah, we do get very angry with someone and yell at them.

也许他在会议上对同事发了脾气。

Maybe he blew up at his coworker during the meeting.

所以，这不仅仅意味着他生气了却默默坐着。

So, this doesn't just mean he got angry and sat there silently.

这意味着你把气撒在他们身上。

It would mean you took it out on them.

你做出了反应。

You reacted.

也许你对他们大喊大叫了。

Maybe you yelled at them.

我觉得这种情况通常更可能发生在家里，或者对配偶之类的人身上。

I feel like typically this will happen more at home or with a spouse or something.

但在工作中也肯定会发生。

But it could happen at work for sure.

如果你是个好朋友。

If you are a good friend.

可能因为某些原因非常生气。

Really angry for some reason maybe.

是的。

Yeah.

当然。

For sure.

不好。

Not good.

不好。

Not good.

好的，奥布里。

Okay, Aubrey.

让我们来做一个角色扮演，因为我知道我们的听众非常喜欢角色扮演。

Let's deploy these in a role play because I know that our listeners love role plays.

各位，顺便说一下，在我们继续本集之前，请务必点击关注按钮。

Guys, by the way, before we go any further in the episode, make sure you hit the follow button.

花一秒钟就行。

Just take a second.

在你们收听的时候，去节目页面，在Apple Podcast或Spotify上点击关注，或者如果你们在YouTube上观看，请点击订阅按钮。

As you're listening, go ahead into the show, hit follow on Apple Podcast or Spotify, or if you're watching on YouTube, hit the subscribe button.

明白吗？

K?

是的。

Yes.

当然。

Absolutely.

好的，琳赛。

Okay, Lindsay.

在这个角色扮演中，你和我是正在为生日派对做准备的朋友。

You and I are friends getting ready for a birthday party in this role play.

好的。

Alright.

我来

I'll

帮我们安排一下。

sort us out.

准备好了吗？

Ready?

是的。

Yes.

对。

Yep.

林赛，我能借你的吹风机用一下吗？

Lindsey, can I borrow your hair dryer?

我来之前吹干了头发，但还是有点湿。

I blow dried my hair before coming over, but it's still damp.

当然。

Sure.

我快把纸杯蛋糕上的糖霜抹好了，然后就去拿给你。

I'm almost done frosting the cupcakes, and then I'll grab it for you.

哦，哇。

Oh, wow.

这些看起来太棒了。

Those look amazing.

我等不及要看她吹灭蜡烛了。

I can't wait for her to blow out the candles.

对了，你听说安吉昨晚的自行车胎的事了吗？

By the way, did you hear about Angie's bike tire last night?

她回家的路上胎完全爆了。

It totally blew out on her way home.

哦，天哪。

Oh, no.

真的吗？

Seriously?

我本来就想给她打电话了。

I've been meaning to call her.

她因为一场误会对我大发雷霆，我们需要谈一谈。

She actually blew up at me over a misunderstanding and we need to talk.

哦，听到这个我很遗憾。

Oh, sorry to hear it.

希望她今晚能来，你们可以好好聊聊。

Hopefully she comes tonight and you two can chat.

哦，奥布里，你为什么把纸杯蛋糕放在这里？

Oh Aubrey, why'd you put cupcakes in this?

我现在饿了。

I'm hungry now.

现在你想要一个纸杯蛋糕？

Now you want a cupcake?

我真的很喜欢纸杯蛋糕。

Do love a cupcake.

说来有趣，有些像孩子生日派对上的纸杯蛋糕，我根本受不了。

It's funny, some cupcakes like at kids birthday parties, I cannot stand.

不知道听众朋友们有没有吃过那种蛋糕？

Don't know if listeners out there, if you have these Cake where tasting?

上面还有一大坨糖霜，会把一切都染脏。

And it has this giant glob of frosting that will like stain everything.

像是紫色、绿色之类的颜色。

It's like purple or green or something.

是我的。

From me.

当然。

Sure.

有些纸杯蛋糕，像是给成年人吃的。

Some cupcakes, like Adult cupcakes.

成人蛋糕

Adult cupcakes.

天哪

Oh my gosh.

太好吃了

So good.

太好吃了

So good.

所以我们在这里用了大量带'blow'的短语动词

So we used a lot of instances here of the phrasal phrasal verbs with blow.

比如，我们从这里的老对手开始，对吧？

So for example, we started with our nemesis here, right?

我来之前吹干了头发。

I blow dried my hair before coming over.

对吧？

Right?

是的，没错。

Yes, exactly.

你可能会听到母语为英语的人说，我吹干头发，因为我们还有其他很多带“blow”的短语动词，比如“blew out”、“blew up at me”。

And you may hear native English speakers say, I blow dry my hair because we have all of these other phrasal verbs with blow that would say blew out, blew up at me.

所以这是一个很容易犯的错误。

So it's an easy mistake to make.

对，如果他们犯了这个错误，也不用担心，对吧？

Yeah, and don't worry about it if they make that mistake, right?

因为再次强调，我们在这里是为了建立联系，而不是追求完美。

Because again, we're here for connection, not perfection.

我们不会去指责那些人。

We're not going to call We're people

指出你的问题。

out out going on you.

他们。

Them.

也许可以和他们一起笑，因为他们甚至可能会这么说。

Maybe just laugh with them because they might even say that.

他们会说，蓝色干了？

They'll be like, blue dried?

吹干了？

Blow dried?

是的。

Yeah.

和他们一起笑，做那个懂的人。

Just laugh with them and be the one that knows.

吹干了。

Blow dried.

然后回到这个故事。

And then come back to the story.

他们为什么是对的？

The point of why they're Right?

联系。

The connection.

很好。

Good.

还有呢？

What else?

然后我说，我等不及要看她吹灭蜡烛了。

Then I said, I can't wait for her to blow out the candles.

所以，当然，时态应该是她吹灭了蜡烛。

So, of course, the tenses would be she blew out the candles.

那就是熄灭火焰，通常是你吹灭生日蛋糕或纸杯蛋糕上的蜡烛时。

That's extinguishing a flame, often when you blow out those candles on a birthday cake or cupcake.

是的，然后我们开始聊安吉的自行车胎。

Yeah, and then we're talking about Angie's bike tire.

她遇到了一件不幸的事。

She had an unfortunate incident.

她的轮胎在她身上爆了。

Her tire blew out on her.

哦，抱歉，是在她回家的路上。

Oh, sorry, on her way home.

不是在她身上。

Not on her.

是在她回家的路上爆了。

Blew out on her way home.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

所以当她骑车回家时，轮胎爆了、炸了，不管怎么说，就是爆胎了。

So when she was riding home, the tire popped, exploded, whatever it was, it blew out.

我们也会用‘爆胎’这个名词来描述自行车或汽车轮胎的爆裂。

We'll also use the noun to have a blowout for either a bike tire or a car tire.

那就是需要更换内胎或轮胎的时候。

That's when the tube needs replaced or the tire needs replaced.

这给了我一个绝佳的剧集点子，奥布里。

That just gave me a great episode idea, Aubrey.

我误读了那个短语，以为是说轮胎在她身上爆了。

I misread that phrase and I thought it said it blew out on her.

就是这样。

Period.

就像当某些事情发生在你身上时，对吧？

Like, when something happens to you, right?

我的车在我身上抛锚了。

Oh, my car broke down on me.

这意思是压在我身上吗？

Does that mean on top of me?

不，不是的。

Like, no.

你不会

You would not

挺过那种情况。

survive that.

不，你不可能挺过那种情况。

No, you would not survive that.

但这值得做一期节目，你不觉得吗？

But that deserves an episode, don't you think?

当然。

Absolutely.

别忘了关注。

Be sure to hit follow.

我们一定会再做一期关于这个的后续内容。

We will definitely plan a follow-up about that.

好。

Good.

好吧，那我们之前还说了什么？

Alright, so what else did we say here?

好吧，我说过，我其实一直打算给她打个电话。

Alright, then I said, I've actually been meaning to call her.

她因为一场误会对我大发雷霆。

She blew up at me over a misunderstanding.

这很有趣，因为我可能在夸大其词。

Now this is interesting because I could be exaggerating.

你知道，也许她只是对我吼了几句，或者她可能完全对我大喊大叫。

You know, maybe she just snapped at me or she could have fully yelled at me.

当有人说她对我大发雷霆时，很难确定具体是什么情况。

It's kind of hard to know when someone says she blew up at me.

这有点主观。

This is sort of subjective.

每个人对别人对自己发脾气的容忍度都不一样。

Everyone has different tolerances for how angrily someone speaks to them.

或者对有些人来说，发脾气根本不算什么。

Or for some people a blow up is no big deal.

这也取决于

Also depends

一个人的基本性格。

on the person's baseline personality.

这让我想起，有时候我的孩子们会说：‘别对我大喊大叫。’

This reminds me sometimes my kids will say don't yell at me.

我会说：‘我没大喊大叫啊。’

I'm like I was not yelling.

对吧。

Right.

是的。

Yeah.

我可能只是说话严厉了一点。

I might have been speaking strictly.

是的。

Yeah.

你该听听我大喊的样子。

You should hear me yell.

我觉得你从来没听过，哦，是的。

I don't think you ever Oh, Yeah.

哦，那是一种威胁。

Oh, was a threat.

我喜欢这样。

I love that.

对。

Right.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

完全正确。

Totally.

不。

No.

这真的取决于

It really depends on

个性。

the personality.

所以这些都是非常常见的例子。

So these are all such common examples.

guys，这个，你知道的，爆红，这个短语，爆红，爆红。

Guys, this, you know, blow up, this phrase, going blow in, blow up, blow up.

你会到处看到它。

You're going see it everywhere.

明白吗？

Okay?

所以要做好准备。

So just be ready for it.

回去复习一下今天的节目。

Go back and review today's episode.

这是非常地道的英语。

It's really natural English.

当然。

Absolutely.

是的。

Yes.

还有六个以blow开头的短语动词。

And there are six more phrasal verbs with the word blow.

天哪。

Oh man.