AEE 2590：瓦莱丽·弗里德兰的三个技巧，在保留口音的同时让人听懂你

这是All Ears English播客第2590期。

This is an All Ears English podcast episode twenty five ninety.

三个保持口音同时确保被理解的技巧，嘉宾是瓦莱丽·弗里德兰。

Three tips to keep your accent and be understood with Valerie Fridland.

欢迎收听All Ears English播客，本节目下载量已超过两亿次。

Welcome to the All Ears English podcast downloaded more than 200,000,000 times.

我们相信的是连接，而非完美，由您的美国主持人奥布里·卡特和今天来自美国亚利桑那州的特邀嘉宾为您带来。

We believe in connection, not perfection, with your American host, Aubrey Carter, and today's featured guest coming to you from Arizona, USA.

如需每周通过电子邮件接收文字稿，请访问allearsenglish.com/subscribe。

And to get your transcripts delivered by email every week, go to allearsenglish.com slash subscribe.

你是否曾担心自己的口音太重？

Do you ever worry that your accent is too strong?

今天，作家瓦莱丽·弗里德兰加入我们，分享如何拥有浓重口音但仍能被清晰理解的英语表达方法。

Today, author Valerie Fridland joins us to share how you can have a heavy accent and still be clearly understood in English.

想象一下。

Picture this.

你也是对话的一部分。

You're part of the conversation.

有人插话，快速地说了一句。

Someone jumps in with a fast comment.

大家都做出了反应，而你却落在后面，还在消化那些话。

Everyone reacts, but you're left behind, still processing the words.

这并不是因为你不懂英语。

It's not that you don't understand English.

而是因为真实的对话并不会为你放慢速度。

It's that real conversations don't slow down for you.

俚语、语速、语调，所有这些都迅速叠加在一起。

Slang, speed, tone, it all stacks up fast.

好消息是，如果你了解自己的英语水平以及如何提升，这些技能都是可以训练的。

The good news, these are trainable skills if you know your English level and what to do to move up.

先来完成我们的免费两分钟流利度测试吧。

Start by taking our free two minute fluency quiz.

要准确了解你现在的水平，请访问 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

To find out exactly what your level is now, go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

那就是 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

That's allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

欢迎回来，Valerie，来到我们的播客。

Welcome back, Valerie, to the podcast.

我非常期待所有正在收听的听众再次听到Valerie的声音。

I'm so excited for all of you out there listening to hear from Valerie again.

她之前来过播客，但已经有一阵子了吧？

She has been on the podcast, but it's been a minute, right?

已经好几年了，是的。

It's been a couple years, yes.

但那次非常有趣。

But it was a lot of fun that time.

我知道这次也会非常有趣。

And I know it'll be a lot of fun this time too.

当然。

Absolutely.

有趣的是，当我们说‘才一会儿’的时候，实际上意思是已经过去很久了。

It's funny how we say it's been a minute when we actually mean it's been a long time.

已经好几年了。

It's been years.

没错。

Exactly.

我想有时候时间过得很慢。

I guess sometimes the minutes are slow.

没错。

Exactly.

对。

Right.

但我将简要地再次介绍一下瓦莱丽，给那些不记得她上期节目的听众。

But I'm going to briefly introduce Valerie again, for those of you who don't remember her episode.

她是《像争论一样使用糟糕英语中的美好》一书的作者，上次她来这里时就谈到了这本书。

She is the author of Like Arguing for the Good in Bad English, which is what she talked about last time she was here.

有时候，像‘啊’、‘呃’这样的填充词是必要的，我们不应该对它们抱有偏见。

Sometimes those fillers like are necessary and we shouldn't be so prejudiced against them.

但她同时也是内华达大学雷诺分校英语系的语言学教授。

But she's also a professor of linguistics in the English department at the University of Nevada Reno.

她在《心理学今日》上撰写了一档广受欢迎的语言博客《野外语言》，并参与了《伟大的课程》系列的教学。

She writes a popular language blog on Psychology Today called Language in the Wild and is a professor in The Great Courses series.

欢迎回来，瓦莱丽。

Welcome back, Valerie.

嗯，谢谢。

Well, thank you.

我很高兴能来到这里。

I'm so happy to be here.

你有一本新书，我非常期待你来谈谈，因为这真的非常契合我们的主题。

And you have a new book that I'm very excited for you to talk about because it really is right up our alley.

我们经常谈论口音。

We talk about accents a lot.

我们经常有学生问我们：我该如何改善、纠正或改变我的口音？

We have a lot of students ask us, how do I improve my accent or fix or change or remove my accent?

和你聊天时，我发现你在这本书中所写的内容以及你的发现，与我们在Dollars English所秉持的观点非常一致。

And chatting with you, I've seen that what you write in this book and what you have discovered is very much aligned with what we believe here at Dollars English.

确实如此。

Absolutely.

这本书名为《我们为何说话怪怪的：口音背后的真实故事》。

So this book is called Why We Talk Funny, The Real Story Behind Our Accents.

它完全围绕口音展开。

And it's all about accents.

它的目标是帮助人们理解自己为何会拥有现在的口音。

And its goal is really to help people understand how they came to have the accents they have.

比如，我们所有口音——无论是母语口音还是第二语言口音——背后的科学和历史究竟是什么。

Like what's the science and the history behind all the accents that we have, whether it's a different native accent or a second language accent.

通过理解口音的成因，我们不仅能更好地接受口音是一种美好的事物，还能更高效、更有效地改进那些有助于他人更好理解我们的发音特点。

And by understanding what causes accents, we can really help ourselves both accept that an accent is a beautiful thing, and then also be more efficient, and effective at working on the things that will help us be better understood.

是的，完全正确。

Yes, absolutely.

听众朋友们，你们以前也听过我们的观点，我们最近推出了发音课程，但这门课并不是要模仿美式或英式口音，而是教大家如何在保留自己独特口音的同时，确保自己的表达清晰易懂。

You have heard this from us before, listeners out there, and we recently released our pronunciation course and it wasn't about imitating the American or UK accent, it was more about learning how to make sure your speech is clear with whatever beautiful accent you have.

那些连读特征，以及来自你母语的可能造成困扰的音素。

Those features of connected speech, the phonemes that might be problematic from your first language.

有一些方法可以帮助你让自己的发音更清晰，但你应当保留自己的口音。

There are things you can do to make sure your speech is clear, but you should keep your accent.

你的口音很美。

Your accent is beautiful.

我不知道你怎么样，瓦莱丽，但我认识的大多数美国人都很喜欢口音。

I don't know about you Valerie, but most Americans I know love an accent.

哦，当然了。

Oh, absolutely.

事实上，我在这本书里谈到了我最喜欢的一个。

In fact, the book I talk about what my favorite one is.

我是

I'm

老实说，你的是哪一个呢？

Honestly, really kind of a what's yours?

嗯，我的其实是澳大利亚口音。

Well, mine is actually Australian.

所以我们在这方面很接近。

So we're close to there.

我也是。

I do too.

但书里甚至有一章是关于最性感的口音的。

But, and there's even a chapter in there about sort of the sexiest accent.

所以我们有很多

So we have a lot of

不错，我也会说新西兰口音是其中之一。

good I would also say New Zealand for that one.

我们对各种口音都充满积极的喜爱。

We have a lot of positive love for accents.

我认为美国人尤其如此，因为我们所有人都来自不同的地方，你知道，我父母是带有第二语言背景的口音说话者。

And I think Americans in particular, we really because we all come from somewhere and, you know, my parents are accented speakers with a second language background.

因此，我认为我们大多数人身上都有一个关于家人和所爱之人的故事，他们的口音让我们想起美好、温暖、爱与友谊。

And so I think most of us have a story of our family and the people we love and their accents remind us of beautiful things and warmth and love and friendship.

所以我认为我们需要意识到，口音是一种美好的事物，这真的会帮助我们走好自己的人生旅程。

So I think that we need to, you know, realize that accents are a beautiful thing and that really will help us in our own journeys.

是的，我们在这里的整个目标，我们知道你们听众也认同，是建立联系，而不是追求完美。

Yes, and our whole goal here, we know that you listeners agree, is connection not perfection.

所以，你可以与自己的口音建立联系，对吧？

So you can connect with your accent, right?

是的，你当然希望确保自己的话语能被理解，但你绝不会因为害怕口音导致不清晰而回避用英语交谈或建立联系。

Yes, you want to make sure your speech is understood, but you would never want fear of your accent being unclear to keep you from a conversation, from connecting in English.

所以，瓦莱丽，我很期待你为今天的听众分享三个建议，那些可能感到担忧、有这些恐惧的人，可以借此学会如何带着口音与人用英语建立联系。

So Valerie, I'm excited for you to share three tips for listeners today who might be worried, might have some of these fears of things that you can do to be able to connect in English with an accent.

当然。

Absolutely.

我觉得我所有的建议都围绕着我们刚才讨论的观点——口音是好事，是积极的。

And I think all my tips sort of go to this idea we've been talking about, about accents being a good thing, positive thing.

我的第一个建议是：如果你想成为一个成功且自信的沟通者，首先要做的是接纳你现有的口音，而不是你想要的口音。

And my first tip would be, if you really wanna be a successful and confident communicator, the first thing you should do is embrace the accent you have rather than the one you want.

这会让你更开放地去实践那些成为该语言更好沟通者所必需的事情。

And that will free you up to be a lot more open to doing the things you need to do to become a better communicator in that new language.

所以，我们常常不理解的是，为什么我们会拥有这样的口音。

So I think one thing we don't understand a lot of times is why exactly we have the accents we do.

但从语言学的角度来看，我们之所以有现在的口音，是因为儿童语言习得的奇妙之处。

But if you look at it from a linguistic perspective of how we come to have the accents we have, it's because of the miracle of child language acquisition.

当你还是孩子的时候，你并不会刻意去学习一门语言，它自然而然地就发生了。

So when you're a child, you don't think about picking up a language, it just happens.

这毫不费力。

It's no effort.

这实际上非常了不起，因为如果让世界各地的父母去教孩子语言，他们都会失败。

And it's actually pretty remarkable because parents everywhere would fail at that test if they had to teach their children language.

是的。

Absolutely.

孩子确实能轻易吸收，我知道。

Children soak it I know.

我知道。

I know.

真是谢天谢地。

Thank goodness.

除非当父母的太离谱了。

Unless it's off the hook as parents.

没错。

Exactly.

孩子们会吸收周围环境中的语言，他们的大脑和嘴巴会自动编程，去捕捉和学习环境中的声音与结构。

Children soak up the language of their environment and their their brains and their mouths are automatically programmed to kind of pick up and learn the sounds of the environment, the structures of the environment.

到了大约12岁的时候，我们的大脑和嘴巴就会固定在那种语言系统上，也就是第一语言系统。

And then by the age of about 12, our brains and our mouths kinda lock in on that system, on that first language system.

所以，像海绵一样吸收语言是件好事，但对12岁以后想学习新语言的人来说却是坏事，因为我们的嘴巴和大脑已经被第一语言所编程了。

So that's a great thing for learning language like a sponge, but it's a bad thing for those of us after the age of 12 that are trying to learn a new language because basically our mouths and our minds are programmed by that first language.

因此，无论你做什么，你试图学习的任何后续语言都会受到第一语言的影响，因为这正是我们被设计的方式。

So no matter what you do, any subsequent language you're trying to learn will be affected by the first language because that is sort of the way we're designed.

是的。

Absolutely.

我们必须记住，每当我们学习第二语言时，它都会经过我们理解第一语言的方式的过滤。

And what we have to remember is that whenever we approach a second language, it is going to be filtered by the way we understand our first language.

因此，我们每个人学习第二语言的方式并不相同。

And so we're not all coming to the task of second language learning the same way.

这确实取决于你所来自的语言背景。

It really does depend on the language background that you're coming from.

例如，如果你的语言中没有像 'the' 或 'these' 中的 'th' 音——92%的语言都没有这个音，只有8%的语言，比如英语，才有这个音。

So for example, if your language doesn't have a th sound like the th in the or these, which 92% of languages do not have, only 8% of languages, English happens to be one of them, have

你可能没有需要把舌头伸出牙齿之间的发音。

that You may have h no sounds that require you to stick your tongue out between your teeth.

在牙齿之间，对吧？

Between your teeth, right?

这听起来有点奇怪。

It's kind of a weird sound.

就像你在吐气一样。

It's like you're spitting.

是的。

Yeah.

所以这是一个很难发的音。

So that's a hard sound.

不过我们发现，根据你的语言背景，你用什么音替代这个 'th' 音，取决于你的母语。

So what we find though is depending on your language background, what you substitute for that sound will depend on your first language.

所以这并不是随意的替代。

So it's not just a random substitution.

如果你是法语或德语母语者，尤其是欧洲法语母语者，你通常会用/z/音来替代。

If you're French or German, especially European French, you'll actually substitute probably a z sound most often.

但如果你的母语是俄语或印地语，你通常会用/d/或/t/音来替代。

But say you're Russian or Hindi speaker as a first language, you'll actually substitute probably a d or t sound.

因此，我们看到，你学习第二语言的方式确实受到母语的深刻影响和过滤。

So what we see is that how you come to the task of second language acquisition is really, really affected and filtered by that first language.

是的，我确实注意到法语中的这个音，它对我来说非常陌生，嘴巴很难发出来。

Yes, I definitely saw this with French, the first language that I learned with the sound, which was so foreign for my mouth to make.

而且这种错误让我缺乏自信，这种不自信阻碍了我与他人建立联系和抓住机会。

And I was letting it keep me from self awareness of that, the lack of confidence because I knew I was making that mistake kept me from connections and opportunities.

我最终不得不接受自己在发这个音上有困难。

I finally had to just accept that I struggle with that sound.

我一直在练习，但我知道它并不总是完美的。

Was working on it, but I knew it wouldn't always be perfect.

我不得不做出选择，继续参与对话，只希望和我交谈的人并不太在意。

And I had to choose just like I'm still gonna have conversations and just hope the people I am talking to don't really care.

天哪。

Oh, my goodness.

这太有趣了，因为我的父母都是法语母语者，每当我试图发出法语中的圆唇前元音时，我妈妈都会翻白眼，因为英语里没有圆唇前元音。

That's so funny because my parents are both French native speakers and my mom still rolls her eyes every time I try to do the rounded front vowels of French because we don't have rounded front vowels in English.

所以对于从小说英语的人来说，要发出这些音真的非常非常困难。

So it's really, really hard as a speaker growing up with an English background to learn to produce those.

我也只能学会放下，我妈妈每年圣诞节都会做米什德诺埃尔，她总是说：求你了，别念这个词了。

I as well just had to kind of get over it and my mother would make the miche de noel every Christmas and she was like, please just don't even say it.

别念了。

Just don't say it.

就看着它，欣赏它，别念出来。

Just look at it and appreciate it and just don't say it.

是的。

Yes.

这逐渐变成了一种可爱的玩笑，也成为我们之间温暖与同情的方式。

And it became sort of a cute joke and sort of a way of warmth and compassion for us.

是的。

Yes.

我们会尽力，但不可能每次都说得完美。

And we'll do our best, but we're not going to say it perfectly every time.

所有和我们交谈的人都必须接受真实的我们。

And everyone we're talking to just has to accept us for who we are.

当然。

Absolutely.

当然。

Absolutely.

所以，好吧，给我们第二个建议吧。

So yeah, give us the second tip here.

我很期待。

I'm excited.

我非常喜欢这第一个建议。

I love this first one.

这真的太对了，对吧？

It is so true, right?

意识到英语中那些有问题的发音，以及你用什么来替代它们，是改善发音、让表达更清晰的第一步。

And being aware of the sounds that are problematic in English, what you're replacing them with is the first step in being able to improve that for clearer speech.

这些发音可能仍然会存在一些，或者变得稍微不那么明显。

It might always still be there some or it might be a little more subtle.

与你交流的人是理解的。

The people you are connecting with understand.

只要他们能听懂，你能进行一场顺畅的对话，这就是目标。

That's the goal as long as they understand and you can have a good conversation.

对，完全正确。

Right, exactly.

所以我的第二个建议是对第一个建议的延伸，那就是，一旦我们接受‘说得很地道’不应该是我们的目标，或者并不需要成为我们的目标，而且这确实很难实现，那么我们就必须认识到，最重要的目标其实是让别人听得懂、表达得清晰。

So my second tip is kind of a play on the first, which is that once we can accept that being native like shouldn't be our goal or doesn't need to be our goal, and that it's really hard to achieve that, then what we really need to recognize is the goal that's most important is being intelligible and clear.

而且我认为，很多非母语者非常担心自己的口音听起来很重，是一种很明显的口音。

And I think that a lot of times non native speakers get really concerned about the sound of their accent that it's, heavy, it's a heavy sounding accent.

所以我的第二个建议是：口音重并不意味着你无法用这种口音表达清楚。

So my second tip is that having a heavy sounding accent does not necessarily mean you cannot be clear with that accent.

如果我们看看关于可理解性及其与母语者感知口音轻重关系的研究，我们会发现，母语者确实会有一种感觉，比如‘哦，是的，这个口音比较重’，意思是它的发音与我的差异更大；或者‘这个口音比较轻’。我们确实能察觉到母语者对非母语者语音的这种区分。

So if we look at research on intelligibility and its relationship to whether a native speaker hears your accent as heavy or light, what we find is actually, native speakers will probably have a sense of, oh yeah, that is a heavier accent, meaning it's more distant from mine in the sounds or that's a lighter accent, we do notice that native speakers do get senses about non native speech that way.

是的。

Yes.

但我们发现，可理解性其实是一个独立的衡量标准。

But what we also find is intelligibility is actually a separate measure.

当我们研究母语者能多准确地转述或复述非母语者所说的话时，我们会注意到，即使那些被报告为口音非常重的说话者，其可理解性也并不一定比口音轻的人差。

So when we look at studies at how well native speakers can transcribe or repeat what a non native speaker says, what we notice is that even speakers that they report as hearing as very heavily accented doesn't impact intelligibility necessarily more than a light accent.

所以我认为，我们必须摆脱‘口音重就是问题’这种观念，真正追求的是可理解性，因为问题不在于你口音的轻重。

So I think we have to get away from the sense that our accent heaviness is a problem and really aim for intelligibility because it's not the heaviness of your accent.

真正造成困扰的，并不是你的发音系统与母语系统之间的距离。

It's not that distance between your system and the native system that is causing the problems.

相反，是某些特定的发音。

Instead, it's specific sounds.

所以回到那个th音，例如，很多说话者都会在这一点上遇到困难。

So going back to that th sound, for example, a lot of speakers are gonna have problems with that.

事实上，我的父母是法语母语者，至今仍然无法发出这个音，尽管他们在美国已经生活了很多年、几十年了，但这并没有造成理解上的问题，因为英语中用/d/替代/θ/（比如把these说成d's）的词极少，不会导致语义混淆，因为没有其他词与之形成对立。

In fact, my parents who are French speakers still really can't produce it and they've been in The United States for many, many years, and decades, in fact, but it doesn't really cause intelligibility problems because there are very few words in English where substituting a d for a t h like saying these as d's is going to create a meaning problem or a confusion problem for a native speaker because there's not competing words with that.

但如果你在/r/和/l/的发音上有问题，互相替代，比如本该说lip，却说成了rip，这就变成了两个完全不同的词，会造成严重的语义混淆，对吧？

But if you have, for example, a problem with r and l and you substitute one for the other, so instead of saying lip, for example, you say something like rip, that actually creates two separate words and that will create a lot of meaning confusion, right?

所以问题不在于你有多少个音发得不同，而在于你具体哪些音发得不同，这正是第三个建议的由来。

So it's not about how many sounds you have different, it's about the specific sounds that you have different and that's where sort of tip three comes in.

好的，这确实很对，因为我曾经和一个口音很重的人交谈，却能完全听懂，因为他们重音使用正确，连读也到位，我一点困难都没有。

Okay, this is so true because I will be speaking with someone who has a very heavy accent and can understand them perfectly because they're using correct word stress, they're linking correctly and I have no problem.

我能听懂，也能转录下来。

Could transcribe, I can understand.

但另一个口音轻得多的人，如果用了错误的词或音节重音，缺乏连读等语流特征，或者发音不够清晰，我反而会很难理解。

But then another speaker who would have a much lighter accent, they may be using inappropriate word or syllable stress, not having those features of connected speech or just not enunciating clearly and I would have a lot of difficulty understanding.

所有这些都是可以学会的，对吧？

And all of that is learnable, right?

当然。

Absolutely.

所有这些，包括词重音、音素，所有能让你的发音更清晰的要素，其实都与你的母语口音无关，而更多在于那些可以习得的语音特征。

All of this, the word stress, the phonemes, everything that will make your speech clear is really unrelated to your accent in your first language and more about the features of speech that can be learned.

完全正确，我认为我们想要摆脱的是这种想法：哦，我口音很重，别人听不懂我。

Absolutely and I think that's what we want to get away from is thinking that, oh, I have a heavy accent, people can't understand me.

相反，应该是：我可能口音很重，但我要通过专注于那些确实会造成理解障碍的方面，来确保别人能听懂我，而不是纠结于‘我口音重，必须去掉口音’这种观念。

Instead it's, I might have a heavy accent but let me make sure that people can understand me by working on the things that I know does cause problems rather than getting hung up on this idea that, oh, I have a heavy accent, need to get rid of the accent.

想象一下，用英语表达你的想法时，能像用母语一样清晰。

Imagine expressing your ideas in English as clearly as you do in your own language.

不再犹豫。

No more hesitation.

不再对每个音都过度纠结。

No more overthinking every sound.

只是你自然且自信地表达。

Just you communicating naturally and confidently.

想象一下

Imagine

如果

if

你终于能用英语做真实的自己。

you could finally be yourself in English.

在我们全新推出的课程《全球英语发音》中，现已上线，你将掌握让英语流畅自然的节奏与模式。

In our brand new course, Global English Pronunciation, available now, You'll master the rhythm and patterns that make English flow.

你将在会议中大胆发言，并且第一次就被听懂。

You'll speak up in meetings and be understood the first time.

你将不再害怕进行演讲。

You'll deliver presentations without fear.

你甚至能与母语者参与即兴对话，并真正享受其中。

You'll even join spontaneous conversations with native speakers and actually enjoy them.

你的英语将不再拖你后腿，而是为你所用。

Your English will stop holding you back and start working for you.

前往 allearsenglish.com/pronunciation。

Go to allearsenglish.com/pronunciation.

但我们特别的首发优惠价格将在周日截止。

But our special launch pricing expires on Sunday.

现在加入即可节省50美元，低于原价。

So join now to save $50 off the normal price.

每周都有实时口语练习机会，并且终身访问权限，这个课程非常适合你。

With live speaking opportunities weekly and lifetime access, this course is for you.

再强调一次，前往 allearsenglish.com/pronunciation。

One more time, go to allearsenglish.com/pronunciation.

就是 allearsenglish.com/pronunciation。

That's allearsenglish.com/pronunciation.

对，没错。

Right, exactly.

好的，我觉得我们可以开始第三个技巧了。

Okay, I think we're ready for your tip three.

我非常期待。

I'm very excited.

我已经很喜欢前两个技巧了。

I love the first two tips already.

你这简直是对牛弹琴。

You're definitely preaching to the choir.

我就是那个 choir。

I am the choir.

好的，所以第三个技巧是更实际一点的，我们能对这些问题做些什么？

All right, so the third tip is a little more, you know, what can we do about these things?

如果我们担心可理解性，研究人员发现有一些因素比其他因素更严重地影响可理解性。

So if we are worried about intelligibility, there are things that researchers have found really, really inhibit intelligibility more than others.

一个是发音，当然，我想我们都意识到了这一点，但另一个常常在学习新语言时被忽视的是该语言的韵律模式，让我来解释一下这是什么意思，因为这个词有点长。

Now one is pronunciation, of course, and I think we're all aware about that, but the other, which is often given short shrift in sort of the learning of a new language is the prosodic patterns of that new language, which let me break what that down, what that means because it's a big word.

语言学家称之为语调，但我认为普通人在日常生活中，有朋友的人会称之为语调。

Linguists call it prosody, but I think everyday people, people that have friends would The rest call of us.

重音和语调模式。

Stress and intonation patterns.

重音是指你在某些音节上加重的强调，也就是这些音节说得更响、更强烈，而母语者在学习自己的语言时早已熟悉这一点。

So stress is the sort of emphasis that you put on, meaning it's more louder and more intense on certain syllables of words, which is sort of something that native speakers know already about their language when they learn it.

或者当你说话时，重音模式可以是词重音，这通常意味着母语者试图突出句子的重点或核心内容。

Or as you're saying a sentence, the stress pattern can be word stress, which often means that a native speaker is trying to highlight the focus of that sentence or what that sentence is about.

这就是重音模式。

So that's the stress pattern.

所以你有音节重音和词重音。

So you have syllable stress and word stress.

而语调则是整个句子的音高变化模式，它让听者感受到说话者在这句话中想要表达的意图。

Now intonation is the pattern over an entire sentence that gives a feeling to a listener of what that speaker's intending with that sentence.

比如，我是在陈述事实，那么语调会是下降的；我是在提问，语调则会上升；还有一种上升语调的形式叫做‘上扬语调’，意思是‘我还没说完，还在继续’。

So it could be that I'm making a statement, so you have falling pitch, a falling intonation pattern, or I'm asking a question, so you have a rising intonation pattern, or it can be also the form of rising intonation pattern that is called up talk, which simply means I'm still moving on.

我还要继续。

I'm gonna continue.

我还没说完我的部分。

I'm not done with my turn.

这里面包含了很多信息。

So there's a lot of information in that.

真正有趣的是，虽然我们确实非常关注发音，而这一点确实很重要，但研究发现，重音和语调在可理解性方面与发音同等重要，甚至更重要的是，它们似乎对听者感知说话者的文化素养有着显著贡献。

And what's really interesting is while we do really focus on pronunciation and that is important to do, The stress and intonation has been found to be as important as pronunciation in intelligibility, but even more, what it seems to really contribute to is the sense of cultural proficiency that a listener gets from hearing a speaker.

即使你口音很重，但如果你对重音和语调模式有更接近母语者的理解，并能熟练运用，你的重口音也不会让别人觉得你文化素养不足，因为你掌握了这些重音和语调模式。

So even if you have a very heavy accent, but you have some more native like understanding of how the stress and intonation patterns work and you are able to use those, your heavy accent doesn't really make people think you're not very culturally proficient because you have the stress and intonation patterns down.

完全正确。

Absolutely.

确实如此。

So true.

我特别喜欢你从语言学和科学的角度来解释，这样人们就能明白这其中是有道理的。

I really love the way you're coming at it from a linguistic sort of scientific background so that people can understand there is reasoning behind this.

这不仅仅是有人在说：我喜欢口音，所以没关系。

It's not just someone saying, But I like accents, so it's fine.

这其中是有原因的，我很期待听众去阅读你的书，了解所有这些细节。

There is a reason for all of this and I'm excited for listeners to check out your book to get all of those details.

我认为，拥有这些背景知识会带来很大的信心和理解。

I think that's going to give a lot of confidence, lot of understanding to have all of that background.

绝对没错，绝对没错。

Absolutely, absolutely.

我认为关键是，我们做研究和调查，当人们了解这些研究发现时，会让他们感觉更好。

And I think the trick is, you know, we do studies and research and I think that helps people when they understand what that research finds, it helps them feel better.

确实有一些人更能掌握类似母语者的说话方式，但其实他们非常非常罕见。

So, you know, there are certain people that do do better at sort of native like speech, but they're very, very rare actually.

你会听到关于这些人的故事，但你之所以听到他们，正是因为这样的人实际上非常稀少。

You hear about those people, but the reason you hear about them is because they're actually quite rare.

所以，通常我们得给自己一些宽容，对吧？

Very So you typically give ourselves a break, right?

发音和语调有一些可以学习的方法，我在书中会谈到这些，但我要说的是，提高这些技能的简短答案是练习，但不是那种泛泛的练习，而是针对发音的练习。

And there are some ways that pronunciation and intonation can be learned and I talk about those in the book, but I will say that the short answer to how you get better at those is practice, but not practice with sort of generic drills, think with pronunciation.

你需要的是量身定制的练习方式。

What you need to be is tailored to yourself.

所以你需要知道自己在哪些方面存在问题。

So you need to know where you're having problems.

很多时候，这可以通过识别你高频使用的特定单词来实现。

And a lot of times that can be identifying words, specific words that you use in high frequency.

我说的不是像‘the’或‘dog’这种你可能经常提到的词，而是你在工作或生活中经常出现、并且注意到别人在这些词上常有困难的词，要专注于这些词。

And I'm not talking about words like the or dog that you might mention a lot, but words in your professional life or your personal life that come up a lot that you notice people are having problems with, focus on those.

要专注于究竟是哪些音素，或者是不是你的语调、重音模式在困扰你，然后反复练习这些部分。

Focus on what are the sounds or is it my intonation, my stress patterns that are giving me problems there, And work on those over and over again.

然后，这种练习的效果也会延伸到其他语境中的这些音素。

And then that will kind of carry over to those sounds in other contexts as well.

至于语调模式，我们发现真正有效的方法是模仿跟读。

And then with intonation patterns, really what we find helps is shadowing.

即使你没有真正的母语者可以互动，我也要说，那是最好的方式。

You don't So even to have actual native speakers to interact with, although I will say that is the best way to do it.

但你可以录下那些帮助你形成类似母语者重音和语调模式的互动，或者直接在网上找人练习，然后反复播放并模仿他们的发音。

But either you can record those interactions that you have where they're helping you, come up with sort of native like stress patterns and intonation patterns or you can actually just go and find somebody online doing it and then play it over and over again and shadow that speech.

所以，如果你有机会通过Zoom与母语者做点什么，真正有用的是把它录下来。

So if you have an opportunity to maybe do something on Zoom with a native speaker, what's really helpful is record it.

在完成最初的练习后，反复回放、反复练习。

Then after you have that initial practice, back and repeat, repeat.

没有人会在没跑过许多20英里之前就去跑马拉松。

No one runs a marathon without running many 20 milers beforehand.

我认为，每当我们想提升自己任何方面的能力时，都该用这个比喻。

I think we have to use that analogy whenever we're trying to get better at whatever we're doing.

完全正确。

Absolutely, right.

这些重复练习才是关键。

Those repetitions are key.

录制自己的语音，并与你模仿的语音进行对比。

Recording your own speech, comparing it to what you're shadowing.

确实如此。

So true.

瓦莱丽，提醒我们一下这本书的名字。

So Valerie, remind us the name of the book.

我猜这本书在任何能买到书的地方都能找到。

I assume it's available wherever we can find books.

无论你在哪儿买书都能找到，而且它也有音频版，如果你更喜欢听的形式，这本书叫《我们为什么说话怪怪的：口音背后的真实故事》。

Wherever you can find books and it's also on audio you prefer that form and it's called Why We Talk Funny, The Real Story Behind Our Accents.

太棒了。

Amazing.

我期待你们所有人都去读一读这本书。

I'm excited for all of you to check out that book.

再次感谢你，瓦莱丽，分享了这么多精彩的信息。

Thank you again, Valerie, for all of this amazing information.

我认为这是一个很好的启示：你们的口音听众们，你们的口音很美。

I think this is a great takeaway that your accent listeners out there, your accent is beautiful.

保留你的口音，庆祝你的口音，但一定要确保你的发音清晰易懂，有很多方法可以帮助你做到这一点。

Keep your accent, celebrate your accent, but definitely make sure that your speech is clearly understandable and there's a lot that you can do to make sure that it is.

完全正确。

Absolutely.

我认为目标应该是熟练，而不是完美。

I think aim for proficiency, not perfection.

我觉得那就是

Think that's

我最重要的收获。

really my big takeaway.

是的。

Yes.

非常感谢你今天来到这里，Valerie。

Thank you so much, Valerie, for being here today.

很棒，那个

A great That

非常有趣。

was so much fun.

你也是。

You too.

谢谢。

Thank you.

再见。

Bye.

感谢收听All Ears English。

Thanks for listening to All Ears English.

你想知道自己的英语水平吗？

Would you like to know your English level?

来参加我们的两分钟测验吧。

Take our two minute quiz.

前往 allearsenglish.com/fluency-score。

Go to allearsenglish.com forward slash fluency score.

如果你相信连接胜过完美，那么现在就点击订阅，确保不错过任何内容。

And if you believe in connection not perfection, then hit subscribe now to make sure you don't miss anything.

下次见。

See you next time.

如果市场是一个朋友，它会是那个不断发消息、分享动态和观点的人。

If the markets were a friend, they'd be the one who texts constantly, updates, opinions.

你看到这个了吗？

Did you see this?

整天，每天都如此。

All day, every day.

Capital.com 并不是这条对话中的另一个声音。

Capital.com isn't another voice in that thread.

它是消息之间的空白地带，将新闻、图表和经济日历整合到一处，让你在纷杂信息中掌握全局。

It's the space between the messages, bringing news, charts, and economic calendars into one place to give you the full picture in between the noise.

Capital.com，专为清晰而设计。

Capital.com, designed for clarity.

差价合约具有高风险。

CFDs involve a high level of risk.

81.31%的零售投资者亏损。

Eighty one point three one percent of retail investors lose money.