AEE 2600：助你顺畅交流的英语语法

这是《All Ears English》播客第2600期。

This is an All Ears English Podcast episode 2,600.

让你在英语交流中不再受语法束缚的语法知识。

Grammar that won't keep you from connecting in English.

欢迎收听《All Ears English》播客，已下载超过两亿次。

Welcome to the All Ears English Podcast downloaded more than 200,000,000 times.

你是否觉得自己的英语进步停滞了？

Are you feeling stuck with your English?

我们将教你如何专注于交流而非完美，从而变得自信流利。本节目由美国主持人奥布里·卡特、雅思达人琳赛·麦卡锡和英语冒险家琳赛·麦卡锡为您带来，他们来自美国亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州。

We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection with your American host, Aubrey Carter, the IELTS whiz, and Lindsay McMahon, the English adventurer, coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, USA.

想每周通过邮件接收文字稿？请访问 allearsenglish.com/subscribe。

And to get your transcripts delivered by email every week, go to allearsenglish.com forward slash subscribe.

我们每个人都有各种诱惑，比如吃太多甜点等等。

We all have temptations like eating too much dessert and more.

你是如何抵制这些诱惑的？

How do you keep yourself from giving into them?

今天，学习关键词汇及其对应的语法，以便用英语进行这些对话。

Today, learn key vocabulary and the grammar that goes with it to have these conversations in English.

你可能在英语中语法上完全正确，但听起来仍然不自然。

You can be technically correct in English and still not sound natural.

也许你的句子语法没错，但感觉生硬、有点机械，不像母语者会说的那样。

Maybe your sentences are grammatically right, but something feels stiff, a little robotic, not quite how a native speaker would say it.

这就是语感。

That's nuance.

流利度体现在搭配、短语动词和词语选择上，而不仅仅是语法规则。

Fluency lives in collocations, phrasal verbs, and word choice, not just grammar rules.

如果你一直使用同样的安全表达，也许该尝试突破了。

If you keep using the same safe phrases, it may be time to stretch.

通过我们的免费两分钟测验，了解你的水平和缺失的词汇技能。

Find out your level and what vocabulary skills you're missing in our free two minute quiz.

前往 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

那就是 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

That's allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

你好，林赛。

Hello, Lindsay.

你今天怎么样？

How are you today?

嗨，奥布里。

Hey, Aubrey.

欢迎来到第2600期。

Welcome to episode 2,600.

天哪。

Oh my gosh.

我们忘了计划派对，但是

We forgot to plan a party, but

这不就是派对吗。

This is the party.

2600期的All Ears English。

2,600 episodes of All Ears English.

我刚刚在Spotify上看了看。

I actually was just looking on Spotify.

它弹出了第一期节目，下面有很多评论。

It popped up the very first episode, which has all of these comments.

这太有趣了。

It was so fun.

人们只是说，我在这里，排第一。

People were just saying like, I'm here at number one.

我要从头开始，把所有期都听一遍。

I'm going back to the beginning and listening to them all.

是的。

Yeah.

读这些评论很有趣，也让我对那些还有2600期内容等着听的人感到兴奋。

And it was fun to like read through those comments and it made me excited for people that have 2,600 episodes ahead

很多是的。

A of lot of Yep.

那是‘认识老师’那一集。

That was the meet your teachers episode.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Exactly.

是我们最受欢迎的剧集之一。

Was one of our most popular episodes.

我超喜欢这一集。

I love it.

所以，如果你们从第一集开始听，从第一集到现在之间还有很多集可以享受。

So you guys have if you're starting with episode one and, you know, you have a lot in between today and episode one to enjoy.

对吧？

Right?

好的。

Alright.

如果你现在听到第2600集，真是太令人兴奋了。

And if you're here at 2,600, so exciting.

这真是一段了不起的旅程。

It's been an amazing journey.

我知道有一些听众已经听完了全部2600集。

I know we have listeners who have listened to all 2,600 episodes.

太棒了。

That's awesome.

是的。

Yeah.

而且，我们知道我们能够持续做下去的原因是，语言学习不仅仅是单词、语法和词汇。

And, you know, the reason that we're able to continue doing this is we know that language learning is about more than just the words, the grammar, the vocab.

它要宏大得多。

It's so much bigger.

这是一种联系。

It's connection.

对吧？

Right?

我们每一集都在谈论人与人之间的联系。

It's human connection that we're talking about in every episode here.

所以我们一直坚持做下去，因为我们真的在乎。

So this is why we keep doing it because we really care.

我们希望人们能够彼此相连。

We want people to be connected.

我们也希望与他人相连。

We wanna be connected.

对吧？

Right?

作为人类。

As human beings.

你们确实也是如此。

Exactly know you guys do too.

是的。

Yeah.

在一个越来越走向人工智能的世界里，我认为我们并不是唯一感受到这种连接需求越来越强烈的人。

In a world that's going more and more toward AI, I think we're not the only ones who feel more and more of a pull and a need for that connection.

我们不希望这种连接消失。

We don't want that to go away.

没错。

Yes.

百分之百同意。

100%.

所以朋友们，连接比完美更重要。

So guys, connection not perfection.

这是我们的座右铭。

It is our motto.

如果你也同意，请点击关注按钮。

If you agree with that too, hit the follow button.

对吧？

Right?

当然。

Absolutely.

我很期待在这里与大家交流，因为这些说法真的很有趣，但我有个问题想问你，Lindsay，来开启我们的话题。

And I'm excited to connect here because these phrases are really interesting, but I have a question for you, Lindsay, to start us

好。

out.

好的。

Okay.

你平时努力避免做什么事情？

What is something you try to keep yourself from doing?

有时候我们在全食超市买巧克力，比如加盐的巧克力，当家里有糖果或巧克力时，我总忍不住想少吃点。

Sometimes when we buy, like at Whole Foods, the chocolates, different chocolates with salt or something, it's tempting when I have candies or chocolates at home to not eat them too much.

你一直在克制自己不要把它们吃光。

You're constantly keeping yourself from devouring them.

是的。

Yes.

我努力控制自己。

I try to live.

比如，我规定自己每天只能吃一颗，但真的很难只吃一颗。

Like, I could only have one a day, but it's very hard to keep it to one a day.

对吧？

Right?

我吃两颗。

I do two.

我宁愿家里别放，这样就不用总克制自己了。

Prefer for that to not be in my house so I don't have to constantly be keeping myself from doing it.

所以我一般不买甜食。

That's why I don't really buy sweets.

我家里一般不放冰淇淋。

I don't really keep ice cream in the house.

我不买饼干，因为我觉得自己没那么强的自制力。

I don't see cookies because I I don't think I'd have the self control.

这简直是一种持续的诱惑。

It's a constant temptation.

我一直在想它。

Like I think about it constantly.

确实如此。

That's true.

太糟糕了。

It's so bad.

是的。

Yeah.

嗯，这很好。

Well, this is great.

我们这里有一些很棒的表达。

We have some amazing phrases here.

这个是用来帮助自己避免做某事的，还有相关表达。

This one to keep yourself from doing something and related phrases.

接着关注第二部分，因为那里有一些类似的表达，但更多是用于阻止别人做某事。

And then follow for part two because there are similar phrases but that are more for keeping someone else from doing something.

所以一定要关注，别错过那一集。

So be sure to hit follow so you don't miss that episode.

嗯，第二部分会很重要，因为语法会有所增加，我们会加入一些介词。

Well, that's gonna be important that part two because the grammar is gonna be we're gonna add a little grammar, some prepositions.

会稍微复杂一点。

It's gonna be a little more complex.

没错。

Exactly.

这些表达的语法真的很重要。

The grammar really matters for all of these phrases.

所以我们将会展示给你。

So we will show you that.

而且，是的，你需要从整个系列中掌握所有这些细节。

And, yeah, you're going to need all of these details from this whole series.

对。

Yeah.

那么我们回到主题，今天的节目主要讲的是自我控制。

So coming back to it's really about self control, today's episode.

对吧？

Right?

自我控制。

Self control.

那我们来谈谈你一开始问我的那个短语，奥布里。

What so let's talk about this first phrase that you asked me at the top of the show, Aubrey.

阻止自己做某事。

Keep yourself from blank.

没错。

Exactly.

所以这通常涉及抵制诱惑，但也常常关乎习惯。

So this is sort of about resisting temptations often, but it's also often about habits.

对吧？

Right?

我记得年轻的时候，我曾努力克制自己不要咬指甲。

I remember when I was younger, I would try to keep myself from biting my fingernails.

那时有个很糟糕的习惯。

Had a really bad habit.

我已经改掉了这个习惯，但很多人一直在努力克制自己不做某些事情。

I have been able to kick that habit, but a lot of us are sort of constantly trying to keep ourselves from something.

你最后是怎么改掉这个习惯的？

How did you finally kick that habit?

因为我有时会经历一段时期咬指甲，然后又一切正常了。

Because I go through phases where I still bite my nails and then like everything's fine.

那后来你做了什么？

And then what did you do?

你知道什么方法有效吗？

You know what works?

有人建议我随身携带一块砂纸板，也就是指甲锉。

Someone gave me the advice to carry an emery board with me all the time, like a nail file.

我有一个水晶指甲锉，它不会折断，所以我一直随身带着，因为如果指甲边缘不平整，我就忍不住去咬。

And I had a crystal nail file, so it wasn't one that could break that I would keep on me at all times because I would bite my nails if there were jagged edges.

就是那种不平整的地方。

Something that was uneven.

然后我就用它来打磨，这真的很有帮助。

Then I would So that really helped.

好吧，

Okay,

这主意不错。

that's a good one.

我喜欢这个。

I like that.

我们必须培养这些技巧，对吧？

We have to develop these techniques, right?

是的。

Yes.

我听说过，但我不确定。

I've heard that I don't know.

我觉得这可能是伪科学，也可能不是。

I feel like maybe this is pseudoscience, maybe not.

但我觉得当你更累的时候，自控力会更难保持。

But I feel like self control is harder when you're tired, when you're more tired.

你觉得这是真的吗？

Do you think that's true?

绝对如此，对吧？

Absolutely, right?

因为我们的大脑没有那么敏锐和专注。

Because our brains aren't as sharp and focused.

于是我们不知不觉地出于习惯做了某些事情。

Then we just find ourselves doing something out of habit without even realizing.

或者像自我控制在早晨比晚上更容易。

Or like self control is easier in the morning than the evening.

因为Again，这是一种不同的疲惫，对吧？

Because you're Again, it's a different kind of being tired, right?

是的，有道理。

Yeah, makes sense.

我们已经精疲力尽了。

We're worn down.

对。

Yeah.

我们不在乎了，我没有力气继续抗争了。

We don't care I don't have the wherewithal to keep fighting.

对

Right,

对，对。

right, right.

所以这里有一些例子。

So some examples here.

我今天晚上试着克制自己不吃甜点，对吧？

I tried to keep myself from eating dessert tonight, right?

但如果家里有甜点，那很难做到。

But if there's dessert in the house, that's going to be tough to do.

是的。

Yes.

就像你说的，深夜时分。

Like you said, late at night.

我，你知道的，我更虚弱了。

My you know, I'm weaker.

我早上并没有那种力量，比如我决定今天要吃得健康、多运动，但到了九点，所有决心都消失了，是的。

I don't have these strength in the morning of like I'm going to eat really healthy today and exercise all that resolve is gone at nine Yes,

完全消失了。

it's gone 100.

所以如果家里有派，它最终一定会进你的嘴里。

So if there's pie in the house, it's going to be in your mouth.

没错。

Exactly.

或者举个好例子。

Or here's a good example.

如果你在看一部电视剧，整季都已经在线上可以观看了，那很难控制自己不开始下一集。

If you are watching a TV show that maybe the whole show is available online, it's tough to keep yourself from starting the next episode.

可能都凌晨一点了，你知道你该睡觉了，但还是很难忍住不去点播下一集。

It might be one am and you know you need to go to bed, but it's tough to keep yourself from hitting play on the next episode.

我认为这不完全是我们的错，因为他们很清楚这一点。

I think this is not entirely our fault because they they know that.

Netflix就是这么设计的。

Netflix engineered that.

对吧？

Right?

他们专门设计了那个‘下一集’的小按钮，给你三十秒缓冲，然后自动播放。

They engineered the thing the little thing that says next episode, and then it gives you thirty seconds and then it starts.

然后它就自动开始了。

And then it just starts.

还有所有的悬念设置。

And all of the cliffhangers.

对吧？

Right?

现在的每一部剧都这样结尾，让你非得想知道接下来会发生什么。

Every show now ends and you have to know what happens next.

这完全是精心设计的。

It's it's engineered.

他们很清楚自己做了什么。

They know exactly what they did.

我正在重看《女子监狱》第一季，因为那是最好的一季。

I'm rewatching the first season of Orange is the New Black because it's the best season.

你看过《女子监狱》吗？

Did you ever get into Orange is the New Black?

看过的。

Yes.

我其实没看完全部。

I, like, haven't seen the whole thing.

我记得刚播出的时候我追上了，但后来好像没看完。

I'm trying to remember where when it first came out, I was caught up, and then but I don't think I've finished it.

好吧。

Okay.

我真心觉得第一季是最好的。

I honestly think the first season is the best one.

好的。

Okay.

角色发展和剧本都非常出色。

The the the character development, the writing is really good.

这是一部很棒的剧。

It's a it's a good show.

他们真的很擅长讲述故事，让你想象这些角色在入狱之前的生活。

Like, they just do a really nice job of telling the stories and helping you imagine, you know, like, the lives of these characters before they ended up in jail.

对。

Right.

但不管怎样，我就是一口气追完，因为一集接一集停不下来。

But anyways, I just binge it because it just next episode, next episode.

然后突然就到了凌晨三点，你还在看下一集。

Then suddenly it's 3AM and you're watching another episode

《Orange is Totally, the New totally》。

of Orange is Totally, the New totally.

但我们想在这里提一下语法，因为今天我们教的这些短语虽然相似，但语法用法略有不同。

But we want to mention the grammar here because for the phrases we are teaching today, they're similar, but the grammar works a little bit differently.

所以对于这个部分，'keep yourself from' 后面要接动词的-ing形式。

So for this one, this chunk, keep yourself from is followed by verb ING.

注意这些例子中：keep myself from eating，keep myself from starting the next episode。

So notice in these examples, keep myself from eating, keep myself from starting the next episode.

所以你要确保这个结构后面总是跟动词的-ing形式。

So, you want to make sure that chunk is always followed by that verb ing.

是的。

Yep.

我很高兴我们提到了这一点。

And I'm so glad we're addressing that.

这将是我们的听众掌握这个短语最困难的部分，对吧？

That is going to be the most challenging part of this phrase for our listeners, right?

这些短语我们能理解它们的意思，但能用对语法吗？

And these phrases is we get the point of what they mean, but can we put the right grammar?

我们能把它整合成一个正确的句子吗？

Can we package it together in a sentence that's correct?

没错。

Exactly.

对吧？

Right?

记住，这是‘keep yourself from doing something’，而这个‘doing’可以被任何动词的-ing形式替代。

So remember that this is keep yourself from doing something, and then that doing can be replaced by any verb ing.

没错。

Exactly.

好的。

Alright.

那我们继续吧。

So let's move on.

奥布里，我们还能说点别的什么？

Aubrey, what would be something else we could say?

好的。

All right.

下一个是要克制住去做的冲动。

The next one is fight the urge to.

所以非常相似。

So very similar.

开会的时候，我不得不克制住查看手机的冲动。

I had to fight the urge to check my phone during the meeting.

我觉得我们都有不断想查看手机的冲动。

I think we all have this constant urge to check our money.

必须克制住只是瞥一眼手机的冲动。

Have to fight the urge to just glance at our phones.

是的，这又是科技的问题。

Yeah, again, it's technology.

很多这种现象都很有意思，科技确实已经深深渗透进我们的生活，制造了这些成瘾循环。

A lot of this is interesting that technology has really kind of encroached on our lives and created these addiction loops kind of.

没错。

True.

这是个问题。

It's a problem.

这确实是个麻烦。

It's like problematic.

我们的生活现在更加久坐不动了，可以随时被电视剧娱乐，而过去并不是这样的。

We have much more sedentary lives we can constantly be entertained with TV shows and And once upon a time, that wasn't the case.

我知道。

I know.

我们以前得出去搭堡垒，你知道的，我们在这档节目里已经聊过那些美好的旧时光了。

We had to go outside and build forts and you know, we've talked about the good old days on the show though.

所以我们没必要再重复一遍了。

So we don't need to go into that again.

这是另一个例子。

Here's another example.

她克制住了跑完第一英里后想放弃的冲动。

She fought the urge to quit after the first mile.

我就是这样。

That's me.

如果我跑步，跑完一英里后我就感觉像撞上了一堵墙。

If I'm running, I hit a mile and I'm just like I hit a brick wall.

我没法再继续下去。

I can't get past it.

完全没错。

Totally.

嗯，跑步在我看来有点无聊。

Well, running is so is, in opinion, it's kind of boring.

是啊。

Is.

即使听着不错的播客或音乐，我还是觉得，我宁愿做点别的事，而不是听这个。

You have even with good podcast or music, I still am like, I would rather be doing something else while listening to this.

是的，当然。

Yeah, for sure.

那这里的语法呢？

What about the grammar here?

是的，这个后面接的是不定式。

Yeah, so this is followed by an infinitive.

你看这里，我不得不克制住查看手机的冲动，或者克制住跑完第一英里就放弃的冲动。

You see here, I had to fight the urge to check, to check my phone, or fight the urge to quit, to quit after the first smile.

所以，你必须用'have to'加上那个原形动词，它是个不定式。

So, you have to have to with that bare verb, it's an infinitive.

所以，这和第一个完全不同，'tough to doing something' 是 -ing 形式。

So, very different from the first one, tough to doing something, I n g.

所以，是的。

So Yeah.

这永远不会跟动词的 -ing 形式。

This will never be followed by verb I n g.

它总是由不定式 to 加动词构成。

It's always that infinitive to and the verb.

是的。

Yeah.

真是个挑战，但我们正在掌握它。

A real challenge, but we we're getting it here.

所以第三个是抵制做某事的诱惑。

So number three would be resist the temptation to do something.

这个表达稍微啰嗦一点。

This is a little more wordy.

对吧？

Right?

所以你需要准备好说很多话。

So you need to be ready to just say a lot of words.

意思相同，但确实如此。

Same meaning, but yeah.

我们可以说抵制冲动和对抗诱惑，但这些都是一些固定搭配。

And it's we could say resist the urge to and fight the temptation, but these are kind of chunks.

这是你最常听到的表达方式。

This is how you'll hear it most often.

抵制冲动，抗拒诱惑。

Fight the urge and resist the temptation.

是的。

Yeah.

关键在于这些固定搭配，如果我们记住了这些搭配，就能省不少事。

It's all about the chunks that if we memorize chunks, it will just save some work.

对吧？

Right?

这非常符合二八法则。

It's very eightytwenty.

完全正确。

Totally.

举个例子。

Here's an example.

他忍不住熬夜，只想再看一集。

He couldn't resist the temptation to stay up late and watch just one more episode.

我完全理解。

I totally get that.

我也是。

Same.

没错。

Totally.

我们都经历过。

We've all been there.

或者我正努力抵制在漫长的一天后跳过锻炼的诱惑。

Or I'm trying to resist the temptation to skip my workout after a long day.

我就是这样。

That's me.

如果我等到晚上累了再想锻炼，通常很难抵抗不做的诱惑。

If I wait and try to work out later at night when I'm tired, I'm usually going to have a hard time resisting the temptation to not do it.

我知道。

I know.

这就引出了一个关于策略的讨论，确保我们能保持自律。

So it kinda leads to a conversation around strategies to make sure we stay on track with our with self control.

我的意思是，我读到过一个方法，说如果你想早上健身，就应该提前把衣服准备好。

I mean, one thing I've read, they say to get yourself to go to the gym in the morning, you should lay out your clothes.

这样你就感觉已经踏上征程了。

So it feels like you're already on your way.

没错。

Right.

你已经走了一半了。

You're already halfway there.

我其实完全同意这一点。

I totally agree with that actually.

很有道理。

Makes a lot of sense.

对。

Yeah.

或者就是，我不知道那是什么。

Or just, I don't know what it is.

比如，我们如何确保在养成好习惯时能保持正轨？

Like, how do we make sure we stay on track when we have a good habit?

很难。

Tricky.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yeah.

好吧，我们来也讲讲这个的语法。

Well, let's cover the grammar for this one too.

它和对抗冲动的用法是一样的，对吧？

It works the same as fight the urge to, right?

或者说是对抗冲动。

Or fight the urge.

你还会举这样的例子：他无法抗拒熬夜的诱惑，这是一个不定式。

You're also going to say like these examples, He couldn't resist the temptation to stay up late, an infinitive.

或者无法抗拒 skipping 我锻炼的诱惑。

Or resist the temptation to skip my workout.

所以，这些都后面接不定式。

So, of these are followed by an infinitive.

而只有第一个是后面接动名词的。

And it's just that first one that's followed by verb ing.

是的。

Yes.

而且这个从来不会接动名词。

And this one is never followed by a verb ing.

没错。

Exactly.

你们必须把这些弄对，各位。

You have to you have to get these right guys.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yes.

介词后面要跟正确的不定式或动名词。

Preposition, with the correct infinitive or the verb ing.

我们只需要努力记住这些固定搭配。

We just need to try to memorize these chunks.

而现在这样做的方法是写下你自己的例子。

And the way to do that right now would be to write out your own examples.

这一集非常贴切。

This episode is incredibly relatable.

没错，对吧？

Absolutely, right?

你最难抵制的诱惑是什么？

What do you have a hard time resisting the temptation to do?

对抗冲动，对吧？

Fighting the urge, right?

为每个短语写出几个例子，这样你就能开始注意到动词-ing形式或不定式的模式了。

Write out examples with each of these with several options so that you start seeing this pattern of verb angie or infinitive.

我的意思是，你们甚至可以，你知道的，我们在YouTube和Spotify上搞个集体活动。

I mean, you could even you know, we could make this a group thing in YouTube and in Spotify.

我知道Spotify喜欢评论，YouTube也喜欢评论。

I know Spotify loves comments and YouTube loves comments.

在这里写下你的例子。

Write your examples here.

对吧？

Right?

分享一些独特的东西。

And share something unique.

也许你正在为自我控制方面的问题而挣扎，告诉我们吧，让我们看看。

Maybe there's an interesting thing that you're struggling with, self control wise, let us know so we can see.

这就像人类的体验，对吧？

It's like the human experience, right?

是的，我喜欢这个，对吧？

Yes, I love that, right?

去留下Spotify和YouTube的评论吧，这样我们就能知道，不只是我们在对抗这些冲动，你最难抗拒的诱惑是什么？

Come and leave Spotify comments, YouTube comments so that we can see whether it's not just us fighting these What urges, do you have a hard time resisting the temptation to do?

没错。

Exactly.

别让我们干等着啊。

Don't leave us hanging here.

对。

Right.

独自面对自己的诱惑。

All alone with our own temptations.

好吧。

All right.

很好。

Good.

好的，奥布里。

All right, Aubrey.

我们来做一个角色扮演。

Let's do a role play here.

所以我们是朋友，在讨论周末计划。

So we are friends discussing weekend plans.

是的。

Yes.

我来开头。

I'll start us.

天哪。

Oh, man.

已经半夜了。

It's a midnight already.

你觉得你明天还能早起去徒步吗？

Do you think you'll still be able to wake up early for that hike tomorrow?

我计划着要早起。

I'm planning on it.

不过我本该早点睡觉的。

I should have gone to bed earlier, though.

明天早上我得提醒自己别按贪睡按钮。

I'll have to keep myself from hitting the snooze button tomorrow morning.

而且天气会非常热。

Also, it's gonna be really hot.

我看到天气预报时，差点就想取消了。

I had to fight the urge to cancel when I saw the forecast.

哦，不。

Oh, no.

有多热？

How hot?

上午10点就到90度了。

90 degrees by 10AM.

所以如果我们要去， definitely 要早点出发。

So if we're going, we definitely have to get an early start.

好的。

Okay.

我要去睡觉了，而且我会克制自己不刷手机，这样能更快睡着。

I'm heading to bed, and I'm going to resist the temptation to scroll on my phone so I can fall asleep quicker.

是的。

Yeah.

这确实是个好办法，我曾在节目中提到过，我刚把手机搬出卧室。

That's a real I mean, one thing that I I've shared on the show, I just started moving my phone out of the bedroom.