AEE 2686：玩笑、双关语还是恶作剧？它们有什么区别？

这里是All Ears English播客，第2686集：笑话、双关语还是恶作剧？

This is an All Ears English podcast, episode 2686: Joke, Pun, or Prank?

有什么区别？

What's the Difference?

欢迎收听All Ears English播客，下载量已超过两亿次。

Welcome to the All Ears English podcast, downloaded more than 200 million times.

你是否觉得英语学习遇到了瓶颈？

Are you feeling stuck with your English?

我们将向你展示如何通过注重交流而非完美，变得无所畏惧、流利自如，由你的美国主持人奥布里·卡特（雅思专家）和林赛·麦克马洪（英语冒险家）共同呈现，他们来自美国亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州。

We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection, with your American hosts, Aubrey Carter, the IELTS Wiz, and Lindsay McMahon, the English Adventurer, coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, USA.

想要每周通过邮件收到文字稿，请访问allearsenglish.com/subscribe。

And to get your transcripts delivered by email every week, go to allearsenglish.com/subscribe.

你是个有趣的人吗？

Are you a funny person?

你知道怎么用英语搞笑吗？

Do you know how to be funny in English?

今天就开始学习美式英语中三种主要幽默类型的区别吧。

Get started today by learning the difference between three major types of humor in American English.

嘿，Lindsay。

Hey, Lindsay.

你今天怎么样？

How are you today?

挺好的。

Doing good.

Aubrey，你怎么样？

Aubrey, how's it going?

我很好。

I am great.

我很兴奋今天要聊聊笑话、双关语和恶作剧。

I'm excited to talk about jokes, puns, and pranks today.

真有趣。

How fun.

我知道。

I know.

Aubrey，你知道什么好笑话吗？

Aubrey, do you know any good jokes?

你脑子里有没有现成的，能跟我们分享一个？

You got anything off the top of your head you could share with us?

当然有。

Sure.

我有个笑话，我儿子特别喜欢。

I've got one that my son loved.

我第一次讲给他听的时候，他笑得特别厉害，所以可能更适合——

The first time I told him this, he laughed so hard, so maybe it's better-

好。

Okay

……适合小孩子，不过，你知道没有眼睛的鱼叫什么吗？

... for little kids, but it is, what do you call a fish with no eyes?

哦，这个问题问得好。

Oh, that's a good question.

什么？

What?

答案是什么？

What's the answer?

福什。

Fsh.

这个笑话不错。

That's a good one.

我喜欢。

Love it.

我也喜欢。

Love it.

所以，如果你把鱼这个单词里的I去掉，对吧？

So if you remove the I in the word fish, right?

对。

Yes.

所以你就说F-S-H。

So you say the F-S-H.

有趣。

Fun.

所以这算是一个双关语和笑话。

So that's kind of a pun and a joke.

这是个有趣的——

It's a fun-

我记得——

And I remember-

……小小的语言玩笑，对吧？

... little language joke, right?

我喜欢语言笑话。

I love language jokes.

我喜欢玩文字游戏，而且跟小孩说的时候总是很有趣，他们需要一点时间才能反应过来，然后一旦明白了，就会特别兴奋。

I love a play on words, and it's always fun when you tell a kid, and it takes them just a second to figure it out, and then they get it, and they're thrilled.

然后他们就笑到不行，对吧？

And then they die of laughter, right?

没错，就是这样。

Just exactly.

我太喜欢了。

I love it.

就是那种毫无保留的笑声。

Just this unfiltered laughter.

太可爱了。

So cute.

对。

Uh-huh.

所以这一集的灵感来自一个学生。

So this episode was inspired by a student.

那个学生是谁，Aubrey？

And who was that student, Aubrey?

是的。

Yes.

来自法国的Genevieve在我们的开放对话俱乐部，也就是我们的一个直播口语活动中，问了一个问题：“笑话、双关语和恶作剧有什么区别？”

So Genevieve from France in our open conversation club, one of our live speaking events, asked, "What is the difference between a joke, a pun, and a prank?"

问得好。

Great question.

然后我们在开放对话俱乐部里讨论了这个问题，我立刻就想：“这期播客会很有趣。”

And so we talked about it in this open conversation club, and I immediately was like, "This is going to be a fun episode of the podcast."

这真的很有趣。

This is really fun.

我听过一个播客，叫《华尔街日报》播客，主持人叫Ryan什么的，他总是说双关语。

I listened to this one podcast, The Wall Street Journal Podcast, and the host, Ryan something, he's always doing puns.

比如每次他采访的时候——

Like anytime he's interviewing-

……采访航空业的人时，他总是……

... someone from the airline industry, he's always like...

我也不知道。

I don't know.

他总爱说双关语，我觉得特别好笑，但有些人觉得烦。

There's always puns that I find really funny, but some people find them annoying.

我也很喜欢。

I love them, too.

对吧？

Right?

我知道不是每个人都喜欢双关语，但我要是不小心说了个双关语，总会指出来，对吧？

I know not everybody loves puns, but I always point them out if I accidentally make a pun, right?

我觉得特别有意思，尤其是——

I think they're very fun, especially-

我觉得它们——

I think they're-

……有时候它们真的很巧妙。

... sometimes they're really clever.

有时候它们就是——

Sometimes they are-

对

Yes

……更像是冷笑话，对吧？

... more like a dad joke, right?

这取决于双关语的质量。

It depends on the quality of the pun.

但它们可以很有趣——

But they can be really fun-

真的很有趣

Really fun

……确实。

... for sure.

各位，今天我们聊到了笑话、双关语和恶作剧这个话题。

Guys, we're getting into this topic of jokes, puns, pranks today.

但记得点关注，因为我们这个播客会聊很多不同的话题。

But hit follow because we get into so many different things on this podcast.

奥布里，上周早些时候，我们聊到了跟随直觉。

Aubrey, earlier last week, we were talking about following our intuition.

我们最近聊了不少好内容。

We've talked about some great stuff lately.

是的。

Yes.

没错。

Exactly.

无论你在哪里听播客，只要搜索 All Ears English 然后点关注就行。

Wherever you listen to podcasts, just search All Ears English and hit follow.

我们有很多有趣的节目，如果你没关注这个播客，可能会错过它们。

We've got so many fun episodes that if you're not following the podcast, you might be missing them.

那你可就错过了。

You're missing out.

如果你在YouTube上看，喜欢用视频方式听这个播客，我们现在就在录视频。

And if you're over on YouTube, you prefer to watch this podcast, we are on video right now.

你也可以那样做。

You could do that.

如果你更喜欢那种学习方式，就去YouTube搜All Ears English，然后点订阅。

If you prefer to learn that way, go over to YouTube and type in All Ears English and hit subscribe.

对吧？

All right?

没错。

Absolutely.

那里也是留言、提问的最佳地方——

That's also the best place to leave comments, leave questions-

……为以后的节目留问题。

... for future episodes.

给我们留个评论——

Leave us a comment-

对

Yes

——就在YouTube上。

... right there on YouTube.

好的。

All right.

不错。

Good stuff.

好的。

All right.

我们来给听众们拆解一下，让大家听得明明白白。

Let's break it down for our listeners to make it super clear.

那到底什么是笑话呢？

What is a joke, then?

什么是笑话？

What is a joke?

笑话就是任何一个人说的、目的是逗人笑的话。

So a joke is anything someone says that is intended to make people laugh.

它可以是一个故事、一个问题，或者一句有趣的评论。

It can be a story, a question, a funny comment.

这个定义挺宽泛、挺灵活的。

This is pretty loose and flexible.

很多东西都可以算是笑话，对吧？

Lots of things can be a joke, right?

比如说，他午饭时讲了个有趣的笑话，逗得大家都笑了，对吧？

So for example, he told a funny joke during lunch that made everyone laugh, right?

对，或者她总是在会议无聊的时候准备好笑话。

Mm-hmm, or she always has a joke ready when meetings get boring.

是的，我很喜欢笑话。

And yeah, I love a joke.

当然，你去听脱口秀的时候，喜剧演员会准备好五到三十分钟甚至一个小时的段子，其中有些——

Of course, when you go to a stand-up comedy, a comedian has five to 30 to an hour of jokes ready, and some of them-

……很长。

... are long.

有铺垫。

There's a buildup.

有呼应——

There are callbacks-

对。

Right

……就是提到之前说过的事情。

... which is where it's referring to something earlier.

哦。

Oh.

所以有各种各样的——

So there are all kinds-

……不同的笑话和各种各样的幽默，取决于……

... of different jokes and all kinds of different humors depending on...

还有更多冷幽默，这在英国很典型，还有闹剧幽默、爸爸笑话。

There's more dry humor, which very typical for the UK, slapstick humor, dad jokes.

有这么多不同类型的笑话，对吧？

There's all these different types of jokes, right?

确实太多了。

There's so much.

真的可以好好研究一下。

You could study it, really.

我觉得最棒的喜剧演员就是那些会做callback的人。

I think the best comedians are the ones that do the callbacks.

我之前不知道这个术语，但他们让整个表演感觉……

I didn't know what the term was, but they make it feel-

哦，我喜欢callback。

Oh, I love a callback.

到最后，他们会让你觉得整个表演首尾呼应，感觉就像纯粹的艺术。

At the end, they make it feel like the whole thing has come full circle, and it just feels like pure art.

没错。

Exactly.

真正优秀的喜剧演员。

A really good comedian.

太厉害了。

It's incredible.

就像那种特别有趣又巧妙的——

Like something really fun and clever-

——把一切都串联起来。

... that brings it all full circle.

我同意。

I agree.

另外，作为额外内容，我想让听众们知道“jokester”这个词，对吧？

And as a bonus here, I want our listeners to know the phrase jokester, right?

哦，是的。

Ooh, yes.

你是个爱开玩笑的人。

You're a jokester.

对吧？

Right?

你总是讲笑话。

You're always telling jokes.

他有点像个爱开玩笑的人。

He's kind of a jokester.

这算是个比较罕见的俚语，但你用过这个词吗，Aubrey？

Kind of a rare slang, but do you use that ever, Aubrey?

用过。

I do.

Jokester？

Jokester?

我会说：“真是个活宝。”

I'll say, "What a jokester."

或者我们可能会说，比如：“真是个喜剧演员。”

Or we might say, like, "What a comedian."

但这是一种亲昵的说法，至少在美国是这样。

But it is a term of endearment, at least in the States.

我们真的很欣赏——

We really appreciate-

……幽默感。

... a sense of humor.

我们喜欢那些聪明、能逗我们笑的人。

We love if someone can be clever, can make us laugh.

但也有那种爸爸笑话，我们可能会对讲很多老套笑话的爸爸说这个词。

But it is, there's the dad jokes, where we might say that to some dad telling a lot of corny jokes.

对。

Yes.

我们可能会说：“真是个活宝。”

We might be like, "What a jokester."

对。

Yes.

但这仍然是开玩笑的。

But it's still playful.

不是恶意的。

It's not mean.

而且很快，实际上非常快，在接下来的几周内，我们会推出我们全新的课程，我超级兴奋，Aubrey，就是《英语社交》，对吧？

And pretty soon, actually very soon, in the next coming weeks, we're coming out with our brand-new course, which I'm super excited about, Aubrey, Socializing in English, right?

如何用英语社交。

How to socialize in English.

我们会在那里面涵盖幽默的内容，因为这是必须的。

We will be covering humor in there because it has to be covered.

是的。

Yes.

所以大家留意一下。

So look for that, guys.

这是很重要的一部分。

That's a big part of it.

确实。

Absolutely.

我们很快会告诉你更多详情。

We'll tell you more about that soon.

好的。

All right.

这也是其中的一部分，用第二语言讲笑话非常难。

And this is part of it, to be able to tell a joke in a second language is extremely difficult.

用母语讲，我相信你肯定没问题，但那是——

In your first language, I'm sure you've got it down, but that is-

学英语的时候挺难的。

... tough as you're learning English.

要能讲个笑话，时机、幽默感，还有——

To be able to tell a joke, the timing The wit to-

……知道怎么把握。

... to know.

这里面涉及的东西太多了。

There's so much that goes into that.

怎么讲笑话，怎么回应笑话。

How to tell a joke, how to react to a joke.

对。

Yes.

幽默相关的方方面面，内容非常丰富，而且不同文化之间差异也很大。

Everything around humor, there's so much there, and it does vary cross-culturally.

所以我们在课程里会深入探讨这些。

So we'll get into that in the course.

大家多留意，后续会有更多相关信息。

Keep your eyes and ears open for more information about that, guys.

但是奥布里，那什么是双关语呢？

But Aubrey, what is a pun then?

这是我们的第二个术语。

So this is our second term.

很不一样，对吧？

Very different, right?

不一样。

Not different.

所以不是所有的——

So not all-

同一类。

Same category

……笑话都是双关语，但所有双关语都是笑话，对吧？

... jokes are puns, but all puns are jokes, right?

对。

Yes.

因为双关语就是文字游戏。

Because a pun is wordplay.

它是一种特定类型的笑话，利用多重含义或者相似的……

It's a specific type of joke that plays with multiple meanings or maybe similar-

……词语发音来制造效果。

... sounds of words.

所以是的，我刚才说的那个，要看情况，因为它通常更多是关于文字上的巧妙运用。

So yeah, the one I said, it depends because it usually is more about a play on words.

两个可能有相同含义的词。

Two words that might have the same meaning.

现在，好的，我觉得我们只需要举些例子，Aubrey。

Now here, okay, I think we just need to give some examples, Aubrey.

对。

Yes.

这个例子很好。

This is a good one.

我以前是个面包师，但赚不到多少钱。

I used to be a baker, but I couldn't make enough dough.

啊。

Ah.

现在，为什么——

Now, why-

铛铛铛。

Ba dum ching

铛铛铛。

Ba dum ching.

你得有——

You've got to have-

对。

Right

……某种笑话。

... some kind of joke.

为什么这是个双关语？

Why is that a pun?

对，所以“dough”这个词，当然——

Yeah, so the word dough, of course-

……就是酵母、面包、面粉，面粉和水混合成的面团——

... is yeast and bread and flour, flour and water that is dough-

……我们用它来做各种烘焙食品。

... that we use to make all these baked goods.

而且在英语里，我们也用“dough”这个词来表示钱。

And we also use the word dough to mean money in English.

是的。

Yes.

当我们说“我赚不到足够的钱”时，这就是文字游戏，双关的意思，既指面包师做食物需要的面团，也指钱。

When we say, "I couldn't make enough dough," that's the play on words, the double meaning of the dough a baker would need to actually make food and money.

对，这挺有意思的。

Yeah, it's kind of interesting.

要理解双关语，你得思维很灵活，对吧？

You kind of have to think quite flexibly to understand a pun, right?

你得打开思路，想着“也许我漏掉了这些词的一个意思”，对吧？

You have to kind of open your mind to, "Maybe I'm missing one of the meanings of these words," right?

没错。

Exactly.

我有个来自波多黎各的好朋友，我最欣赏她的一点就是，遇到双关语或文字游戏，她很敏锐，能察觉到“这里好像有个什么——

And I actually have a good friend from Puerto Rico that one of the things I respect the most about her, there will be puns, there will be wordplay, and she is savvy enough, she can pick up on, "There was some kind-

——我没听出来的笑话。”

... of joke here that I missed."

而且她不害怕问。

And she's not afraid to ask.

她会说——

She'll be like-

“等等，我漏掉的双关意思是什么？”

... "Okay, wait, what was the double meaning that I missed?"

或者像——

Or like-

……“我错过的那个双关语是什么？”

... "What was the innuendo that I missed?"

对。

Yes.

然后我们也很乐意解释，比如“哦，因为它也有钱的意思”之类的，对吧？

And we're happy to be like, "Oh, because it also means money," or whatever, right?

她——

She's-

……非常流利，所以大部分她都能听懂。

... very fluent, so a lot of it she'll pick up on.

但如果有什么她没听出来的，她会问。

But if ever there's something she missed, she asks.

我很欣赏她这一点——

And I love that about her-

因为这样她就能听懂笑话了。

... because then she can be in on the joke.

她不想只是——

She doesn't want to just-

啊

Ah

——假装自己听懂了，对吧？

... like pretend she got it, right?

哦，那是最糟糕的——

Oh, that's the worst-

我挺喜欢这样的

I kind of love that

——感觉。

... feeling.

假装听懂的感觉。

Trying to pretend.

对，就是这样。

Yeah, exactly.

我们都有过这种经历。

And we've all been there.

我在西班牙语里干过这事儿——

I've done that in Spanish-

哦

Oh

还有法语。

... and French.

我就想，"我就假装我听懂了。"

I'm like, "I'm just going to pretend I understood."

我知道。

I know.

对，但别这么做，因为那可能是一个建立联系的机会。

Yeah, but don't do it because it could be a opportunity for connection right there.

就像这个——

Like this one-

完全同意

Totally

……日历工厂把我开除了，因为我休了一天假。

... the calendar factory fired me because I took a day off.

奥布里，这算什么双关语？

How is this a pun, Aubrey?

所以，休一天假，对吧？

So a day off, right?

当然，如果你休一天假，意思就是——

Of course, if you take a day off of work, that means-

……你那天不去上班。

... that you are not going to go to work for the day.

但因为在日历上，如果你真的把一天拿掉，那就意味着移除星期一或者——

But then because on a calendar, if you literally take a day off, that would mean like removing Monday or-

……比如星期三，就是把一天拿掉。

... Wednesday, like removing a day.

物理上的。

Physically.

对，对，就是这样。

Yeah, yeah, exactly.

如果你真这么做，日历厂可能很快就不要你了。

And if you were to do that, you might not work long for the calendar makers.

日历厂，没错。

Calendar factory, exactly.

你好。

Hello.

所以双关语常常是这样：有一个字面意思，比如你真的从日历上拿掉一天。

So this is often how a pun works, is you have the literal meaning, like if you're literally to take a day off a calendar.

然后还有一个更惯用的意思，就是请假——

And then we have the more idiomatic meaning of taking-

对

Right

……休息一天，意思是一天不去上班。

... a day off meaning not going to work for a day.

是的，这是双关语的一个好公式。

Yeah, that's a good formula for a pun.

所以如果你知道并理解字面意思，比如面团，我们知道字面上它就是面团，是制作面包的材料。

So if you know you understand the literal meaning, like dough, we know literally it's dough, it's the stuff that goes into creating bread.

想想看，嗯，什么可能是比喻义，或者什么可能是非字面意思，好吗？

Think about, hmm, what could be the metaphorical, or what could be the non-literal meaning, okay?

没错。

Exactly.

所以每当你发现单词或短语有两种不同的含义时，你就可以创造一个双关语来同时使用它们——

So whenever you find words or phrases that have two separate meanings, you can create a pun to use them-

……两种含义。

... both.

没错。

Exactly.

是的。

Yes.

幽默感来自语言本身，这很巧妙，对吧？

The humor comes from the language itself, which is clever, right?

对，真的很巧妙。

Yeah, really clever.

我们来做个角色扮演吧，奥布里。

Let's do a role play, Aubrey.

开始吧。

Here we go.

好的。

Okay.

我先来。

I'll start us out.

准备好了吗？

Ready?

好的，是的。

Okay, yeah.

哪种动物考试分数最高？

Which animal gets the best scores on exams?

哦，我不知道，奥布里。

Oh, I don't know, Aubrey.

哪种动物呢？

Which one does?

猎豹。

The cheetah.

所以我们当然有——

So of course we have-

这绝对是个冷笑话。

That's a dad joke for sure.

这是个冷笑话。

That's a dad joke.

真是个冷笑话。

That's a dad joke.

挺好笑的。

That's funny.

我喜欢。

I like it.

这个笑话是我编的，因为考试那天我们得给孩子发鼓励的话或者笑话，而我发的全都是双关语。

This is one I did because we had to send words of encouragement or jokes with our kids on the exam day, and all-

哦，真贴心。

Oh, cute

……我发的全是双关语。

... of mine were puns.

我的孩子们都很喜欢。

And my kids loved them.

哦，那太可爱了。

Oh, that's adorable.

太可爱了。

That's adorable.

我太喜欢了。

I love that.

对，所以我们有动物，猎豹，你可能会在动物园看到，或者……

But yeah, so we have the animal, a cheetah, which you might see in a zoo or-

大型猫科动物。

Big cat.

……对，大型猫科动物。

... yeah, a big cat.

然后当然，英语里的cheater是指……

And then of course, cheater in English is someone-

……考试作弊的人。

... who would cheat on an exam.

而且这其实也是在玩口音，因为——

And this is also kind of playing with accents because-

对

Yes

……你不会说cheater，但有些人在他们的方言里，会把词尾的R音省略掉，所以你说cheetah，听起来还是像——

... you wouldn't say cheater, but some people in their regional dialect, they drop the R at the end of the word, so you can say a cheetah, and it still sounds like-

……英语里的cheater，对吧？

... cheater in English, right?

你可能会在比如我们之前聊过的波士顿口音里听到这种。

You might find that in, for example, we've talked about a Boston accent.

没错。

Right.

东海岸——

East Coast-

有些英国口音

Some British accents

……纽约，也许还有费城。

... New York, maybe Philadelphia.

对，没错。

Yeah, exactly.

好的。

All right.

然后我们来说说恶作剧，Aubrey。

Then we have pranks, Aubrey.

它们有什么不同？

How are they different?

完全不同。

Totally different.

是的。

Yes.

对吧？

Right?

所以这非常不同。

So this is very different.

这是一种对某人做的动作或恶作剧——

This is an action or a trick that's played on someone-

……为了取乐。

... for amusement.

所以这不是你只是对某人说的话，而是你要去做的事情。

So it's not something that you're just saying to someone, it's something you're going to do.

它涉及到做一些事情。

It involves doing something.

我不知道是否——

I don't know if-

林赛，你是个爱搞恶作剧的人吗？

Are you a prankster, Lindsay, ever?

你会搞恶作剧吗？

Do you play pranks?

高中的时候，我觉得我挺爱搞恶作剧的。

In high school, I think I was.

我们高中时确实会对朋友搞恶作剧。

We did play pranks on our friends in high school.

不过说实话，我从来没觉得那些恶作剧有多好笑。

I don't know, but I never thought they were very funny.

它们总是，嗯，可能因为想到那个人走到停车场，发现自己的车被贴满了卫生纸，或者类似的事情，会觉得好笑，但其实并不好笑。

They were just always, I guess funny because you think about the person walking to the parking lot and discovering their car has been toilet papered or things like that, but it's not actually funny.

就是挺傻的。

It's just like silly.

你说得对，有时候恶作剧确实挺好笑。

Well, you bring up a really good point that sometimes pranks are funny.

就是那种傻傻的。

Like they're silly.

有时候好笑，但有时候并不好笑。

Sometimes it's funny, but sometimes it's not.