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这里是All Ears English播客,第2705集:本可以、本应该,还是本必须。
This is an All Ears English Podcast, episode 2705: Could Have, Should Have, or Must Have.
欢迎收听All Ears English播客,下载量已超过两亿次。
Welcome to the All Ears English Podcast, downloaded more than 200 million times.
你是不是觉得英语学习卡住了?
Are you feeling stuck with your English?
我们将向你展示如何通过注重交流而非完美,变得无所畏惧、流利自如,由你的美国主持人Aubrey Carter(雅思专家)和Lindsay McMahon(英语冒险家)从美国亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州为你带来。
We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection, with your American hosts, Aubrey Carter, the IELTS Wiz, and Lindsay McMahon, the English Adventurer, coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, USA.
想要在手机上获取实时文本并创建个性化词汇表,试试All Ears English的iOS和Android应用吧。
To get real-time transcripts right on your phone and create your personalized vocabulary list, try the All Ears English app for iOS and Android.
在allearsenglish.com/app开始你的七天免费试用。
Start your seven-day free trial at allearsenglish.com/app.
当你谈论遗憾、做猜测或推测过去的可能性时,别在这些情态动词之间犯迷糊。
When you talk about regrets, make guesses, or speculate about past possibilities, don't get confused between these modals.
今天收听,了解它们的区别以及何时该用哪个。
Listen in today to learn the difference and what to use when.
流利不是说英语要说得完美无缺。
Fluency is not about speaking perfectly.
流利是指能够自在地交流,毫无压力地分享你的想法,在对话中自然反应,并且用英语展现你的个性。
It's about communicating comfortably, being able to share your ideas without stress, react naturally in conversations, and express your personality in English.
如果英语仍然让你觉得需要小心翼翼地去应对,那你很可能离下一个流利水平已经非常接近了。
If English still feels like something you have to manage carefully, you're probably very close to the next level of fluency.
但是,一旦你确切地知道自己的水平在哪里,进步就会快得多。
But progress becomes much faster once you know exactly where you stand.
现在就来做我们免费的2分钟流利度测试,了解你的英语水平吧。
Take our free two-minute fluency quiz and discover your English level today.
访问 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。
Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.
网址是 allearsenglish.com/F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E。
That's allearsenglish.com/F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E.
嘿,Lindsay。
Hey, Lindsay.
你今天怎么样?
How are you today?
嘿,奥布里。
Hey, Aubrey.
我今天感觉很好。
I'm feeling good today.
你呢?
How are you?
一切都好吗?
How's everything?
嗨。
Hi.
我很好。
I'm great.
我有个问题想问你。
I have a question for you.
好的。
All right.
有什么事情是你上周应该做但没来得及做的?
What is something you should have done last week but didn't get to?
天哪。
Oh my gosh.
总会有那么一件事,对吧?
There's always something, right?
让我想想。
Let's see.
工作上的事情挺多的。
There's a lot of work things.
有很多邮件我还没回,大家都在等着,而且我上周去度假了,所以可能不太好,但我最终会处理的,对吧?
A lot of emails I have not returned that people are waiting, and I went on vacation last week, so that's probably not so good, but I will get to it eventually, right?
没错。
Exactly.
对,我们都有这种情况,上周本该做但没做的事,都在待办清单上。
Yeah, we all have this, something we should have done last week, something on our to-do list.
就是没能抽出时间去做。
We weren't able to get to it.
但有意思的是,如果我问的是“你上周本来可以做什么但没做成?”那感觉是不是就不一样了?
But what's interesting is how would that be different if I had said, "What's something you could have done last week but didn't get to?"
或者……嗯……“你……好问题……本来必须……”
Or- Oh ... "What's something you- Good question ... must have..."
我们一般不会那么说,对吧?
We wouldn't even say it that way, right?
这些情态动词真的会……对……改变问题的意思,对吧?
These modals really- Right ... change the question, right?
确实是这样。
It really does.
当你说“你本来可以做什么”的时候,听起来更像是自愿选择的事。
When you say what's something you could have done, it's more like it would have been voluntary.
那本来是件可做可不做的事,而‘应该’的话……对,就是该回那些邮件。
It would have been an optional thing, whereas should have- Exactly ... returned those emails.
那些人还在等回复呢。
Those people are waiting to hear back.
对,这差别很大,对吧?
Yes, that's very different, right?
是的。
Yes.
是的。
Yes.
‘本可以’就是很随意的选择。
Could have, very optional.
不是那种必须完成的任务清单上的事。
Not something on your to-do list of things that have to get done.
没错。
Exactly.
所以我们在YouTube上收到了一个关于这些情态动词之间区别的好问题。
So we got a great question about this on YouTube about the differences between some of these modals.
Lindsay,你愿意帮我们读一下那个问题吗?
Do you want to read that question for us, Lindsay?
好的。
Yes.
这是来自Saifermad Sendiki 1871的,这个名字真不错。
This is from Saifermad Sendiki 1871, a great handle there.
是的。
Yes.
“亲爱的,你们能谈谈could have、should have和must have之间的区别吗?”
"Dears, would you talk about the differences between could have, should have, and must have?"
好的。
Okay.
这个问题问得真好,对吧?
Such a great question, right?
这些都是——对……用来做猜测、表达遗憾或者谈论——对……过去可能性的情态动词,而且真的——嗯……确实会改变你提问的感觉或者你说话的意思——对……根据你用的哪一个,变化很大。
These are all- Yes ... modal verbs that are used to make guesses, express regret, or talk about- Yes ... past possibilities, and it really- Mm-hmm ... does change the feeling of what you're asking or the meaning of what you're saying- Yes ... changes a lot depending on which one you use.
非常大。
Massively.
所以我们今天要确保为听众们把这个问题弄清楚,我相信很多听众也有同样的疑问,对吧?
So we're going to make sure we clear this up for our listeners today, and I'm sure many of our listeners have the same question, right?
当然。
Definitely.
也在想同样的事情。
Are wondering the same thing.
是的。
Yes.
是的。
Yes.
各位,在我们继续之前,请确保在All Ears English这里点击关注按钮。
Guys, before we go any further, though, make sure you hit the follow button right here on All Ears English.
很快就要到了……嗯,我们已经进入秋天了,对吧,Aubrey?
Pretty soon, we're getting... Well, we're in the fall already, aren't we, Aubrey?
我们已经完全进入秋天了。
We're well into- Yes ... the fall.
我们想让学习真正跟上节奏。
We want to be really lined up with our learning.
如果你迷上All Ears English,你会看到进步的。
If you get addicted to All Ears English, you will see the improvement.
有很多学生告诉我们,他们只是每周听五天,听力就大大提高了。
We've had so many students tell us they just listen five days a week, and their listening improved enormously.
所以,成为那些人中的一员吧。
So become one of those people.
好吗?
All right?
是的,当然。
Yes, absolutely.
我很喜欢这个。
I love that.
我当然很喜欢听到学生们的这种反馈。
I love hearing that feedback from students for sure.
好的。
All right.
那我们快速分享一下——我们从哪里开始呢?
So let's share really quick- So where do we start?
首先,从语法角度来说。
... right off the top here, the grammar of this.
这些结构的语法都是一样的,所以至少这一点有帮助。
For each of these, the grammar structure is the same, so that helps at least.
是的,你有这个情态动词,可能是could、should或must,然后它们都是——嗯……结构相同。
Yes You have this modal, either could, should, or must, and then they're all- Mm-hmm ... structured the same.
之后,你会用到have——对……然后接过去分词,对吧?
After that, you're going to have the word have- Yeah ... and then the past participle, right?
好的。
Okay.
所以就是你应该做过的、必须做过的、本来会做的事情。
So something you should have done, must have done, would have.
每个动词的过去分词都不一样,取决于你在说什么,但结构总是一样的。
All of the past participle will be different for every verb depending on what you're- Yes ... talking about, but the structure is always the same.
对,完美。
Yes, perfect.
所以大家记住这一点,我们接下来看这三个。
So keep that in mind, guys, as we go through all three of these.
结构总是一样的,所以知道这一点会让人稍微安心一点,我觉得。
It's always the same structure, so that offers a little bit of, I don't know, it's a little calming to know that, I think.
我也这么觉得,对吧?
I think so, right?
这里的语法确实简单一些。
The grammar's- Yeah ... a little easier here.
难的是语境和意思,要根据你想表达的内容来选择用哪个。
What's tricky is the context, the meaning, which one should you choose depending on- Mm-hmm ... what you want to say.
没错。
Exactly.
好,那我们是不是先讲讲could have,Aubrey?
All right, so should we go into could have, Aubrey, first?
好,我们开始吧。
Yeah, let's do it.
第一个?
The very first one?
好的。
Okay.
这个讲的是过去的可能性,也就是你本来可以做的事情。
So this is talking about past possibilities, something you could have done.
那Aubrey,你来给我们详细讲讲这个吧。
So Aubrey, tell us more about this.
所以当你觉得某件事有可能发生,但你不确定的时候,就会用这个。
So you're going to use it when you think something was possible, but you aren't sure.
比如,她本来可以坐早一班火车的。
So for example, she could have taken the earlier train.
也就是说,像“我本来可以那样做”这样的意思。
So we're saying, like, "I could have done that."
我们觉得那是有可能的。
We think that was a possibility.
这件事有可能发生,但用“could have”的话,你不能百分百确定。
This could have happened, but you can't be sure with could have.
不然的话,你就会用……对,另一个更能表达确定性的情态动词。
Otherwise, you would use- Yeah ... a different modal that expresses more surety, more certainty.
她本来可以坐早一班火车的。
She could have taken the earlier train.
他们可能错过了我们的消息,对吧?
They could have missed our message, right?
基本上,另一种说法就是他们可能错过了我们的消息,对吧?
Basically saying, another way to say this would be they might have missed our message, right?
没错。
Exactly.
意思一样,对吧?
Same meaning, right?
就是说某件事是有可能的。
You're saying that something was a possibility.
你不确定。
You don't know for sure.
你只是在说一种可能性。
You're giving a possibility.
而且我们经常在出问题的时候用这个——
And we use this a lot when something has gone wrong-
对
Yes
……或者事情没有像我们想的那样发展。
... or something hasn't worked out like we thought it would.
我们在说本来可能会怎样,本来可以怎样,但我们并不确定。
We're saying what might have been, what could have been, but we don't know for sure.
对。
Yes.
或者也可能是误会了,对吧?
Or it could have been a misunderstanding, right?
也许对方说了什么,你误解了,或者他们并不是那个意思,但你理解成了那样,诸如此类。
Maybe the person said something, and you misunderstood them, or they didn't mean to say it in the way that you received it, or something like that.
如果有人跟我讲和朋友之间发生的事,我经常用这个表达,而且——
This I use a lot if someone's sharing with me something that happened with a friend, and the-
……朋友的回应从我对他们的了解来看,不太合理——
... friend's response doesn't make-
……对吧?
... sense from what I know about them, right?
你看到这种不一致,所以这可能是你,而不是说“那太糟糕了。”
You're seeing this disconnect, and so this might be how you, instead of saying, "That is terrible.
“他们是个糟糕的人”——
They're a terrible person"-
……你可能会说这样的话,“也许是个误会,”或者——
... you might say something like this, "Maybe it was a misunderstanding," or-
……“可能是个误会。”
... "It could have been a misunderstanding."
你是在试着给对方一些宽容,因为——
You're trying to give the other person grace because-
……你听到的关于他们的事情,和你了解的他们不太相符。
... what you're hearing about them doesn't match up with what you know about them.
是的,而且你这样做也是在给对方一个机会,对吧?
Yes, and also give the person the benefit of the doubt is what you're doing here, right?
没错。
Exactly.
对。
Yes.
我觉得这是很好的生活态度。
I think that's a really good way to go through life.
你只要相信别人,觉得事情只是误会而已。
You just give people the benefit of the doubt, and assume things are just a misunderstanding.
我很喜欢。
I love it.
我很喜欢。
I love it.
这样做能避免很多麻烦。
It's going to prevent a lot of problems if you do that-
因为很多时候,我们往坏处想,结果往往是我们错了。
... because often when we assume the worst, we're wrong.
最后还得道歉,然后我们会说:“你知道吗?”
We end up apologizing, and we're like, "You know what?
我不该——
I shouldn't have-
确实。
That's true
……那样想你的。
... believed that about you.
我不该没搞清楚就那样误会你。
I shouldn't have assumed that about you without knowing for sure."
然后我们就觉得自己像个混蛋,对吧?
And then we feel like a jerk, right?
因为——
Because-
……我们脑子里就往那个方向想了。
... our mind was going in that direction.
对,所以这是个——
Yeah, so it's a-
对,那可能会伤人。
Yeah, that could hurt-
这是一种很好的生活态度。
... good way to go through life
一种联系,对吧?
... a connection, right?
但我们也可以用这个来表达另一种意思,就是关于错失的机会,对吧?
But we use this, could have, another way, and it's about missed opportunities, right?
如果某人——
If someone-
有能力或机会去做某事但没有做,我们就会用——
... had the ability or opportunity to do something but didn't, we'll use-
这个来表达。
... this as well.
比如,如果她没有受伤,她本可以赢得比赛的。
For example, she could've won the race if she hadn't gotten injured.
或者你本来可以找我帮忙的。
Or you could've asked me for help.
如果你当时感到困惑,不知道该怎么办,你本来可以找我帮忙的,对吧?
If you were confused, didn't know what to do, you could've asked me for help, right?
我们经常这样做,对吧?
We do this a lot, right?
当事情出错的时候,
When something goes wrong-
事后,
... after the fact-
我们有时会想,哦,当时如果发生了什么,情况会不会更好?
... we will sometimes think about, oh, what could've happened that would have improved the situation?
而且我们可能会,
And we might-
是的
Yes
……对别人说,比如,“你本来可以这样做的。
... say that to someone, like, "You could've done this.
你本来可以那样做的。”
You could've done that."
有时候,我们并不想听到这种建议,关于我们本来可以……
Sometimes that's not the advice we want to get, what we could've-
……做得不一样的地方。
... done differently.
我知道。
I know.
真扫兴,对吧?
What a bummer, right?
也许有时候我们应该避免告诉别人他们本来可以怎么做。
Maybe sometimes we should avoid telling people what they could've done.
确实,因为到了那个时候,你也做不了什么了,对吧?
It can be, because at that point, you can't do much about it, right?
没错。
Exactly.
只是为了以后,对吧?
Just for the future, right?
对。
Exactly.
Aubrey,should have 有什么不同?
Aubrey, how is should have different?
这个和那个类似,但它是用来谈论本该做对却没做的事。
This is similar, but this is used to talk about something that was the right thing to do, but didn't happen.
它通常——
It often-
好的。
Okay
表达遗憾或批评。
... expresses regret or criticism.
好的。
Okay.
所以,这里的区别在于,could have 并没有那种“本该做”的含义。
So, the difference here really is could have doesn't have that implication of that was the right thing to do.
它更像是表示一种可能性,而——
It's sort of just like a possibility, whereas-
……should have 则表示“这才是本该发生的事”。
... should have means this is what should have happened.
就像我说的,我本应该在去度假前回复一些邮件。
Like I said, I should have replied to some emails before I left for vacation.
但我没有,对吧?
But I didn't, right?
这件事本该发生的。
This thing should've happened.
我本应该早点睡觉的。
I should've gone to bed earlier.
我睡得太晚了。
I stayed up too late.
奥布里,你有时候会熬夜看Netflix吗?
Are you someone that stays up late watching Netflix, Aubrey, sometimes?
通常不会。
Not usually.
我更喜欢早睡-
I'm more of an early-
那挺好的。
That's good
早起,但偶尔-
... to bed, early to rise, but every now and then-
有时候周末-
... sometimes on weekends-
……
...
我会的。
I will.
然后第二天早上,如果我有什么早上的安排——
And then the next morning, if I have something early-
对
Yes
……
...
我会说:“哎呀,我昨晚应该早点睡的。
I'll say this, "Ooh, I should've gone to bed earlier.
我好累啊。”
I'm so tired."
你感受到后果了,对吧?
You feel the results, right?
或者我们应该早点出发,对吧?
Or we should have left earlier, right?
可能发生点什么事,出了点岔子,然后你就会想,嗯。
Maybe something happens, something goes wrong, and you're like, "Hmm.
我们要是早一个小时走就好了,就不用面对这些了。
We should have left an hour ago, and we wouldn't have had to deal with this."
对。
Yes.
在派对上,或者在外面的时候,总有那么一个时刻,你知道该走了,但有时候你会忽略自己的直觉。
There's always a moment in a party, or if you're at a party or something, or you're out, and you know it's the right time to leave, but then sometimes you override your intuition.
你有没有过这种时候?
Do you ever do that?
你会想——
You think-
……哦,我们应该留下来——
... oh, we should stay-
绝对有。
Absolutely
再多待一会儿。
... a little longer.
我本来应该走的——
I should have gone-
然后你的伴侣又打开——
And then your partner opens-
去睡觉。
... to bed
又一杯酒,然后你就想,“唉。”
... another drink, and you're like, "Ugh."
对。
Yes.
那你就知道了。
Then you know better.
我本该听那个小声音的——
I should have listened to that little voice-
……在我脑子里,那个更懂的声音。
... in my head that knew better.
确实如此。
It's so true.
对,就是这样。
Yes, exactly.
总有那么一刻会突然清醒。
There's always a moment of clarity.
哦,真有意思。
Oh, so funny.
好吧。
All right.
听懂英语和用英语交流,这两者之间差别很大。
There's a big difference between understanding English and participating in English.
听懂意味着你能跟上对话。
Understanding means you follow the conversation.
参与就是加入你的想法,自然地回应,并让对话继续下去。
You participate by adding your ideas, reacting naturally, and keeping the conversation moving.
很多英语学习者听力很好,但开口说的时候却犹豫不决。
Many English learners are strong listeners but hesitant speakers.
一旦你知道了自己目前的流利程度,就更容易缩小这个差距。
Once you know your current fluency level, it becomes much easier to close that gap.
花两分钟做一下我们的免费小测验,了解你的水平以及接下来该重点提升什么。
Take our free two-minute quiz to discover your level and what to focus on next.
访问 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。
Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.
就是 allearsenglish.com,斜杠 F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E。
That's allearsenglish.com, slash F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E.
好的,Aubrey,我们接下来要讲“must have”。
Okay, Aubrey, we're moving on to must have.
跟我们说说这个吧。
Tell us about this one.
对,这个有点不一样。
Yeah, this is a little different.
这个是在你几乎确定某件事——
This is when you are almost certain that something-
……因为某种证据而在过去发生了,对吧?
... happened in the past because of some kind of evidence, right?
所以,这更多不是关于可能发生了什么、应该发生了什么,而是你有更具体的证据可以说,一定是那样的。
So, this isn't so much about what could've happened, what should've happened, this is you have some more concrete evidence to be able to say, it must have been that way.
一定是这种情况。
This must have been the case.
对,比如,她一定是忘了我们的会议。
Yeah, so for example, she must have forgotten our meeting.
证据就是,你知道你们安排了会议,但她没出现,所以我们推测这肯定就是发生的事。
Now, the evidence is that you knew that you had a meeting scheduled, and she didn't show up, so we're assuming that this is definitely what happened.
她忘了会议,对吧?
She forgot the meeting, right?
这挺有意思的。
It's interesting.
这其实意味着我们有某种确凿的理由去这么认为。
This really means that we have some kind of concrete reason to think that.
否则的话——
Otherwise-
……我们可能会说,她可能堵在路上了。
... we could be saying she could've gotten stuck in traffic.
她可能——
She could've-
……起晚了。
... woken up late.
但出于某种原因,发生了一些事情,给了我们一些证据。
But for some reason, something's happened to give us some kind of evidence.
哦,她肯定把这件事忘得一干二净了。
Oh, she must have forgotten all about it.
对,没错。
Yes, exactly.
或者他肯定已经走了,因为他的车不在那儿,或者说不在。
Or he must have left already because his car isn't there, or isn't here.
所以他的车不见了。
So his car's gone.
是的,所以我们有证据,对吧?
Yeah, so we have evidence, right?
嗯,他的车——
Well, his car's-
……不见了。
... gone.
他肯定已经走了。
He must have left already.
所以,当我们看到那个证据时,我们不会说:“他可能已经走了。
So, when we see that evidence, we're not going to say, "He could've left.
他的车不在这里。
His car's not here."
我们也不会说“他应该已经走了”——
And we wouldn't say, "He should've left"-
这就是我们有某种证据的地方,所以那时我们会说——
This is where we have some kind of evidence, so that's when we would say-
……这一定是事实。
... this must be the case.
他肯定已经走了。
He must have left.
所以和另外两种情况很不一样。
So quite different from the other two.
我们来看看它们如何组合成一段小对话。
So we're going to see how they all come together into a little conversation.
奥布里,这个角色扮演里发生了什么?
Aubrey, what is going on in this role play?
所以我们本来是朋友,昨晚应该在一个生日派对上见面的。
So we are friends who were supposed-
……但结果没见到。
... to see each other at a birthday party last night, but didn't.
好的。
Okay.
那我们来看看发生了什么。
So let's see what happened.
我先开始吧。
I'll start us out.
好的。
All right.
你昨晚去哪儿了?
Where were you last night?
我们在杰克的生日派对上没见到你。
We missed you at Jake's birthday party.
哦不,是昨晚吗?
Oh no, was that last night?
唉,我肯定把日期搞混了。
Ugh, I must have mixed up the dates.
我该看到你不在的时候给你打个电话的。
I should've called you when I saw you weren't there.
我只是以为你来不了。
I just assumed you couldn't make it.
如果我记得的话,至少可以告诉杰克我不会去。
If I had remembered, I could've at least let Jake know I wouldn't be there.
哦,那不太好。
Oh, that's not good.
完全错过了派对。
Totally missed the party.
但这种事我们都会遇到,对吧?
But this happens to all of us, right?
这种事我也遇到过。
This happens to me.
我也会搞混日期、搞混时间——
I'll mix up dates, I'll mix up times-
哎呀,不会吧。
Oh no
……然后就错过了。
... and you just miss it.
这时候就需要用到这些情态动词了。
And this is when we need these modals.
你可以看到——
And you can see how-
……根据你想表达的意思,你得选对合适的词,不然可能会——
... depending on what you're trying to say, you have to choose the right one, or you could-
……造成误会。
... cause confusion.
哦,那当然。
Oh, for sure.
好。
Great.
我们再来过一遍。
Let's go back through it.
那第一个情态动词我们选的是什么?
So what did we choose in terms of the first modal?
你说:“你昨晚去哪儿了?
You said, "Where were you last night?
杰克生日派对我们没见到你。”
We missed you at Jake's birthday party."
然后我说:“哦不,是昨晚吗?
And I said, "Oh no, was that last night?
我肯定把日期搞混了。”
I must've mixed up the dates."
奥布里,我为什么在那里用了must?
Why did I use must there, Aubrey?
这很有意思。
This is interesting.
所以这是你的理由,对吧?
So this is your reason, right?
这是证据。
This is the evidence.
你完全可以说“我觉得我把日期搞混了”,或者——
You definitely could have said, "I think I mixed up the dates," or-
……“我把日期搞混了。”
... "I mixed up the dates."
我们在这里用must have,是为了某种程度上把自己和发生某事的责任分开。
We use must have here to sort of separate ourselves from the blame of something happening.
哦,确实是这样。
Oh, that's true.
说得有道理。
That's a good point.
我注意到了这一点,这是一个很有意思、很微妙的——
I've noticed this, and this is an interesting, very subtle-
有意思。
Interesting
——英语的细微差别。
... nuance of English.
“唉,我一定是把日期搞混了。”
"Ugh, I must have mixed up the dates."
有意思。
Interesting.
对,这确实很微妙,对吧?
Yeah, it's very subtle, right?
但这确实是在把自己从责任中摘出来。
But it is kind of separating yourself from the blame.
我喜欢这个。
I like that.
就是强调那是个错误,不是故意的,是个意外。
Just highlighting that it was a mistake, it was not intentional, it was an accident.
对,就像有些事情不在你的掌控之中。
Right, like something was out of your control.
还有,“唉,我肯定是搞砸了”,对吧?
And, "Ugh, I must have messed up," right?
然后你又说,“我看到你不在的时候,我应该给你打电话的。”
And then you said, "I should've called you when I saw you weren't there."
我本该打的。
I should have.
好,这是一种遗憾,对吧?
Okay, this is a regret, right?
没错,对吧?
Exactly, right?
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这是应该做的事情。
This is the right thing to have done.
我没做是因为我没有掌握全部信息。
I didn't do it because I didn't have all the information.
我只是以为你来不了。
I just assumed you couldn't make it.
我不知道你忘了,把日期搞混了。
I didn't know you had forgotten, had mixed up the date.
所以现在回想起来,我在说当时应该怎么做。
So now in hindsight, I'm saying what I should have done.
“哦,我应该给你打电话的。”
"Oh, I should've called you."
是的,当然。
Yes, for sure.
然后我说:“如果我记得的话,至少可以告诉杰克我不会去。”
And then I said, "If I had remembered, I could've at least let Jake know I wouldn't be there."
现在我觉得很不好受。
Right now I'm feeling bad.
所以我本来有机会告诉Jake——
So I had an option to let Jake know-
……说我不会去,对吧?
... that I wouldn't be there, right?
这个可能是最难判断什么时候用的,对吧?
This one is maybe the trickiest one to know when to use it, right?
这就是那种过去的可能性。
This is that past possibility.
它取决于你掌握了更多信息。
It's dependent on you having more information.
比如,如果我早知道我把日期搞错了——
Like if I had known I had the dates wrong-
……
...
我本来可以告诉他一些事情的,对吧?
I could have let him know something, right?
这更像是,这不是基于任何证据,关于应该发生什么或者真相一定是什么。
This is more like this is not based on any evidence of what should have happened or what must have been the truth.
这更像是,哦,如果事情不一样,如果我知道得更多,那么——
This is just very much more of like, oh, if things were different, if I had known more, then-
……事情可能会有所不同。
... things could have been different.
是的,完全正确。
Yes, completely.
太喜欢了。
Love it.
今天这期节目很棒。
Great episode today.
这期语法讲得很清楚。
Real clear grammar episode.
这些是你们到B2、C1级别时重要语言的基础,朋友们。
These are building blocks for important language when you get to the B2, C1 level, guys.
是的。
Yes.
所以一定要尽量多去使用这些。
So do go out and try to use these as much as you can.
当然。
Absolutely.
而且当你听到别人使用这些情态动词时,一定要多留心。
And really be observant when you hear other people using these modals.
想想当时的语境。
Think about the context.
他们为什么选择这个而不是那个?
Why were they choosing one or the other?
对。
Yes.
它们会变得越来越熟悉,以至于自然而然地脱口而出,你也能正确使用它们。
They'll become more and more familiar so that they're just naturally coming up, and you're able to use them correctly.
太棒了。
Love it.
各位,接下来去听听2704吧。
Guys, go on over and check out 2704 as your next step.
这集的标题是“你在给予流利度吗?”
The title of this episode is "Are You Giving Fluency?"
我们讨论过这个“giving”短语,对吧?
We talked about this it's giving phrase, right?
是的。
Yes.
这非常流行。
Which is very trendy.
这个有趣的新俚语已经变得非常流行了。
This fun new slang has become very popular.
当然——
Definitely-
……往上翻一翻,如果错过了的话,可以去看看那一期。
... scroll up and check that one out if you missed it.
我们做那一期的时候很开心,所以相信你们听的时候也会很开心的,各位。
We had fun creating that episode, so I'm sure you'll have fun listening to it, guys.
去看看吧。
Go check it out.
Aubrey,今天这期节目,你最后有什么总结吗?
Aubrey, what is your final takeaway on this episode today?
我们该把听众们留在哪里呢?
Where should we leave our listeners?
我觉得有很多可以建立联系的时刻,但如果用错了情态动词,也可能会伤害到这些联系,对吧?
I feel like there are so many connection moments that are possible, and connections that can be hurt if we use the wrong modal, right?
我们在这一期里已经提到过好几次了。
We talked about this a few times throughout the episode.
你并不总是想告诉别人他们本应该怎么做,对吧?
You don't always want to tell someone what they should've done, right?
或者什么本来可以不一样,因为有时候——
Or what could've been different, because sometimes-
……如果我们无法回去改变它,那说这些也没用,对吧?
... it doesn't help if we can't go back and change it, right?
嗯,这其实是个很好的观点,我们在节目里没有特别深入讨论,但去指责别人说“哦,你本应该这样做,你本应该那样做”,要小心这一点。
Well, that's actually a really good point that we didn't talk about quite as much in the episode, but going and reprimanding someone by saying, "Oh, you should've done this, you should've done that," be careful there.
我知道。
I know.
我们都经历过那种情况,有人这样对我们说,然后我们就会——
We've all been in that situation where someone tells us that, and we're like-
……“谢谢。
... "Thanks.
那真是——
That's really-
现在说这些有什么用,我又回不去了。
... helpful now that I can't go back."
这确实很难受。
That's hard.
谢谢,但还是算了吧。
Thanks, but no thanks.
对,就是这样。
Yeah, exactly.
所以说话要讲究方式,对吧?
So play around with your words, right?
给出反馈,让别人知道怎么做会更好,这没问题。
It's okay to offer feedback and let people know what would've been better to have done-
沟通这一点很重要。
It's important to communicate that.
或者对自己也是这样。
Or for ourselves.
我们对自己也会这么说。
We use this about ourselves as well.
我本该这么做的。
I should've done this.
我本可以那么做的。
I could've done that.
但对别人说这些通常没什么建设性。
But to say it for someone else is usually not constructive.
帮不上什么忙。
It's not very helpful.
所以我们可以在这里稍微斟酌一下措辞——
So we can get a little bit more wordsmithy here-
对,绝对是的。
Yeah, definitely
我们选择用词的方式,尤其是在工作中,对吧?
... the way we choose our words, especially at work, right?
如果你处于管理岗位,你必须提供反馈,必须让人们知道正确的做事方式,但我们可以选择不同的措辞。
If you're in a management position, you have to offer feedback, you have to let people know the correct way to do things, but we can choose words differently.
与其说像——
Instead saying like-
对
Yes
……“以后我们这样做吧”——
... "Going forward, let's do this next time"-
对
Yes
……这比“你本应该这样做”要好得多,后者太直接了。
... is so much better than that, "You should've done this," which is much more blunt.
是的。
Yes.
完全正确。
Exactly.
你说得对。
You got it.
今天的节目很棒,奥布里。
Great episode today, Aubrey.
我们很快再见。
We'll see you very soon.
好吗?
All right?
谢谢,林赛。
Thanks, Lindsay.
下次见。
See you next time.
好的。
Okay.
保重。
Take care.
拜拜。
Bye.
拜拜。
Bye.
感谢收听《All Ears English》。
Thanks for listening to All Ears English.
你想知道自己的英语水平吗?
Would you like to know your English level?
来做我们两分钟的测试吧。
Take our two-minute quiz.
访问 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。
Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.
如果你相信连接而非完美,那就现在订阅,确保不会错过任何内容。
And if you believe in connection, not perfection, then hit subscribe now to make sure you don't miss anything.
下次见。
See you next time.
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