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这里是《全耳朵英语》播客。
This is an All Ears English podcast.
你能把yet和一般过去时一起用吗?
Can you use yet with past simple tense?
欢迎收听《全耳朵英语》播客,下载量已超过两亿次。
Welcome to the All Ears English podcast, downloaded more than 200 million times.
你是不是觉得英语学习卡住了?
Are you feeling stuck with your English?
我们会教你如何变得无畏流利,专注于交流而非完美,由你的美国主持人奥布里·卡特(雅思专家)和林赛·麦克马洪(英语冒险家)共同呈现。
We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection, with your American host, Aubrey Carter, the IELTS whiz, and Lindsay McMahon, the English adventurer.
节目来自美国亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州。
Coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, USA.
每周想通过邮件收到文字稿,就去allearsenglish.com/subscribe。
And to get your transcripts delivered by email every week, go to allearsenglish.com/subscribe.
你有没有听过母语者把一般过去时和yet连用?
Do you ever hear a native speaker use the simple past plus the word yet?
这是不是感觉像打破了你在英语课上学到的所有规则?
Does it feel like this breaks every rule you ever learned in English class?
今天我们就来弄清楚这是怎么回事。
Find out what's going on here today.
有时候英语学习者以为自己的问题是词汇量,但往往问题更深层。
Sometimes English learners think their problem is vocabulary, but often the issue is something deeper.
是犹豫。
It's hesitation.
你停下来翻译。
You pause to translate.
你停下来检查语法。
You pause to check grammar.
你停下来寻找完美的词。
You pause to search for the perfect word.
这些小小的停顿累积起来,打断了对话的自然流畅。
Those small pauses add up and interrupt the natural flow of conversation.
你可以轻松地回应,而不必不断分析每一句话。
You can respond with ease without constantly analyzing every sentence.
我们免费的2分钟流利度测试会告诉你目前的水平以及需要提高哪些技能。
Our free two-minute fluency quiz will show you your current level and what skills you need to improve.
去 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。
Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.
就是 allearsenglish.com/F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E。
That's allearsenglish.com/F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E.
你好,Lindsay。
Hello, Lindsay.
你好吗?
How are you?
嘿,我很好,Aubrey。
Hey, I'm doing good, Aubrey.
你最近有看什么电影吗?
Have you been watching any movies lately?
对。
Yes.
我知道我们聊过《奥德赛》,那部电影声音特别大。
I know we talked about "The Odyssey," which is very loud.
是的,我们聊过。
Yes, we did.
我的建议是戴上——
My suggestion is to wear-
耳塞或者降噪耳机。
... earplugs or noise-canceling headphones.
对。
Yes.
那部电影真的太吵了。
It's such a loud movie.
是的。
Yes.
不过我很好奇,你看了《火星救援》了吗?
But I'm curious, did you see "Project Hail Mary" yet?
我们之前聊过这个。
We talked about it before.
信不信由你,我确实看了。
Believe it or not, yes, I did.
终于。
Finally.
我确实看了。
I did see it.
你觉得怎么样?
What'd you think?
我周末看的。
I saw it over the weekend.
我喜欢。
I liked it.
这倒不一定是我喜欢的那种电影。
It's not my kind of movie necessarily.
其他类型的电影,它有点科幻的感觉。
Other kinds of movie, it's kind of sci-fi-ish.
对。
Yes.
但我喜欢这个设定。
But I like the premise.
我觉得那真的很有意思,而且我觉得洛基真的很可爱,对吧?
I thought that was really interesting, and I thought Rocky was really cute, right?
对。
Yes.
而且有点——
And sort of-
我可能把它吹得太过了。
I might have over-hyped it for you.
正在听的人可能会觉得,"我们一点也不惊讶Lindsay不喜欢它。
Anyone out there listening is probably like, "We're not surprised Lindsay didn't love it.
Aubrey把它吹得太厉害了。"
Aubrey hyped it so much."
对。
Yes.
你确实吹得挺厉害的。
You did hype it quite a bit.
所以如果我把这部电影吹得太过了,我向所有听众道歉。
So I apologize for anyone out there if I over-hyped it too much.
我很喜欢它。
I loved it.
不,其实我喜欢它,我伴侣也很喜欢它。
No, but yeah, I liked it, and my partner really liked it.
所以我觉得它还是有可取之处的。
So, I think there was something there.
确实有值得看的地方。
There was something there, for sure.
对,我很高兴你看到了这一点。
Yeah, I'm glad you saw it.
我想问一下这个,因为真的很有意思。
And I wanted to ask about it because this is really interesting.
我们开始讨论区别了,比如我能不能说“你看了《火星救援》了吗?”
We're getting into the difference of if I could say, "Did you see Project Hail Mary yet?"
还是我得说——
Or would I need to say-
……“你看过《火星救援》了吗?”
... "Have you seen Project Hail Mary yet?"
用现在完成时。
And use present perfect.
对。
Yes.
这太有意思了。
This is so interesting.
我很期待深入探讨这个话题。
I'm excited to dive into this.
我知道。
I know.
如果我们的听众此刻感到有点似曾相识,那其实不是似曾相识,各位。
And if our listeners might be feeling a bit of deja vu at this moment, it's not deja vu, guys.
这是全新的内容。
This is something brand new.
这是商业英语播客最近一集的后续节目。
This is a follow-up episode to a recent episode of the Business English Podcast.
所以,那正好。
So, that's perfect.
顺便说一下,如果你还不知道商业英语播客是什么,打开你的搜索栏,输入商业英语,然后点击关注。
So by the way, if you don't know what the Business English Podcast is, open your search bar, type in Business English, and hit follow.
我们那边每周更新三期,对吧,Aubrey?
We publish over there three days a week, right, Aubrey?
是的,而且我们经常做系列节目,一部分在那边,一部分在这里。
Yes, and we'll often do a series where we have part one or two there and part of it here.
因为很多时候,我们收到的提问或者讲解的词汇,在工作场合和这里的用法会有些不同,所以你真的需要两边都听才能了解全貌。
Because a lot, often, with questions we get or vocabulary that we're covering, it would be a little different at work or here, and so you really need both to get the full story.
对,百分之百。
Yes, 100%.
所以在Business English那期节目里,我们深入讲解了简单过去时和现在完成时的语法。
So over there on Business English, in that episode, we dove into the grammar of past simple versus present perfect.
这是我们一位听众提出的一个很直接的问题,我们待会儿会提到。
Kind of a very straightforward question, right, from one of our listeners that we'll mention that now.
非常直接,很清楚。
Pretty straightforward, clear.
我们把两者的区别讲得非常明白。
We made it very clear to you the difference between the two.
对。
Yes.
但今天的内容会稍微偏门一点,对吧?
But today's going to be a little bit more on the edges, right?
对。
Yes.
语法方面。
Of grammar.
这真的很有意思。
This is really interesting.
这些内容完全可以不按顺序听,所以请听到最后。
You can definitely listen to these out of order, so stay to the end.
我们会给你详细信息,确保你不会错过那一集。
We'll give you details to make sure that you don't miss that episode.
但如果你听完今天的内容后觉得,"我真的想更深入了解为什么用一般过去时或现在完成时",那你绝对想去看看这个系列的第一部分。
But if you finish today and you're like, "I really want a deeper dive into why past simple or present perfect," you'll definitely want to go and check out that part one of this series.
所以,启发我们制作最初那期节目的学生来自YouTube。
So, the student that inspired the original episode was from YouTube.
这位是Jess,我来读一下Jess问题的一部分——
This is Jess, and I'm going to read just part of Jess's question here-
太好了
Perfect
……这样大家就能了解一些背景,知道我们今天会怎么回答这个问题。
... so you can know, gets a little context, guys, of how we're going to answer this today.
上周我们以一种方式回答了这个问题,今天我们会用另一种方式来回答。
So we answered it in one way last week, and we'll answer it in one way today.
没问题吧?
All right?
好,就是这个。
All right, here it is.
在角色扮演中,你说:“你报告写完了吗?”
In the role play, you said, "Did you finish your report yet?"
这让我觉得有点奇怪。
It sounded strange to me.
我可能会说:“你完成报告了吗?”
I would’ve said, "Have you finished your report yet?"
你能解释一下吗?
Could you explain this?
也许这是过去式的口语用法?
Maybe it's a colloquial use of the past simple?
谢谢,我非常感激你们的工作。
Thank you, I appreciate your work so much.
所以这会非常有趣。
So this is going to be really interesting.
一定要关注商务英语和All Ears English播客,这样你就不会错过这些系列。
Be sure to follow Business English and All Ears English Podcast so you don't miss these series.
但这真的很有趣,因为这里的关键词是“yet”,对吧?
But this is really interesting because it's all about the word yet here, right?
是的。
Yes.
当yet放在句末时,它起副词的作用。
When yet is placed at the end of a sentence, it functions as an adverb.
通常意思是——
Usually means-
……直到现在或到目前为止。
... until now or so far.
而且我们通常会在现在完成时中听到它。
And we usually do hear it with present perfect.
我同意——
I agree-
对
Yes
……和这位学生一样。
... with this student.
我通常会听到——
I would usually hear-
对
Yes
……“你的报告完成了吗?”
... "Have you finished your report yet?"
然后——
And-
……这听起来有点奇怪,为什么我们用了过去时,却又说yet呢?
... it does sound a little like, hmm, why are we using past simple and yet we're saying yet?
对,因为我觉得这就是教法。
Yeah, because I think that's the way it's taught.
这差不多是教科书上的用法。
That's kind of the textbook way to use it.
我想我们的听众可能在学校里学到过,如果你用yet,你很可能要用现在完成时。
I think our listeners were probably taught in school, if you're using yet, you're probably using present perfect.
这就像是一个标志,一个触发点。
It's like a flag, a trigger.
没错。
Exactly.
但是,我们今天要补充——
But, we're going to add-
并不总是这样。
Not always
……给这个想法增加一点细微差别。
... a little nuance to that idea today.
在一般过去时后面加yet并不是语法错误,所以今天我们要深入探讨这个问题。
It's not a grammar error, it's not ungrammatical to tack yet onto the end of past simple, so we're going to dive into this today.
但我们还想说明,我想确保大家清楚,yet在英语中有很多用法。
But we also want to share, I want to make sure it's clear, we use yet so many ways in English.
我们确实会在一般过去时和过去完成时中使用它。
We do use it in past simple and past perfect.
这些不是我们今天要讲的……
Those aren't what we're-
……重点,但我想先简单介绍一下,让你知道在外面会看到各种不同的用法。
... focusing on today, but I want to give just an overview so that you're aware that you're going to see it out there all of these different ways.
比如过去式,你可能会说:“那时候,我还没理解。”
So past simple, for example, you might say, "At that point, I didn't understand it yet."
那过去完成时呢?
And what about-
……Lindsay?
... past perfect, Lindsay?
你可以说:“她打电话来的时候,我还没吃饭。”
You could say, "I hadn't eaten yet when she called."
现在,这两个短语中,yet 的使用非常巧妙,用来提供背景信息。
Now, both of these phrases, yet is being used very strategically to give context.
没错。
Exactly.
对,不过这位学习者问的是别的事情。
Exactly, so the learner here is asking about something else, though.
所以请记住——
So keep in mind-
……在谈论过去的事情时,你也会看到yet的用法。
... you are going to see yet as well when we're talking about the past like that.
但学习者问的是那些看起来需要用现在完成时,但母语者……
But the learner is asking about statements that seem like they require present perfect, but native speakers-
……却经常用一般过去时的句子。
... often use past simple anyway.
这就是我们今天要深入探讨的内容。
So that's what we're diving into today.
是的。
Yes.
那举几个例子,你的报告写完了吗?
So some examples, have you finished your report yet?
这里——
Here-
……我们显然是在用现在完成时和yet搭配。
... we're obviously using present perfect with yet.
没错。
Exactly.
所以我们先看听众分享的这些例子,那个现在完成时的——
So we're looking at these examples the listener shared first, that present perfect one-
……你的报告完成了吗?
... have you finished your report yet?
我们想看看为什么母语者会说其中一个而不是另一个,对吧?
We want to look at why would a native speaker say one or the other, right?
这更像是——
This is more-
对
Yes
更可能是在我们还没谈过这件事,或者我们不知道……
... likely to be asked if we haven't spoken about it yet, or we don't-
……或者不期待一个具体答案的时候,对吧?
... know or expect a specific answer, right?
那我们就用现在完成时。
Then we're going to use present perfect.
我们没有……
We don't have-
好
Okay
……对答案可能是什么没有任何预期。
... any kind of anticipation about what the answer might be.
所以用现在完成时是合理的。
So it makes sense to use present perfect.
关键在于……
It's all about-
好的
Okay
……你做过什么,或者还没做过什么,但可能还会做,所以用现在完成时——
... what you have done or haven't done yet, but still might do, so present perfect-
……是合理的。
... makes sense.
但是……
But what about-
对
Yes
……一般过去时呢?
... past simple?
是的,所以“你完成报告了吗”基本上用的是过去时,就是“你完成报告了吗”,然后在后面加上“还没”之类的。
Yeah, so did you finish your report yet is basically using the past simple, did you finish your report, and then slapping on a yet to the end.
那么这里隐含的意思是什么呢,奥布里?
So what is the implication here, Aubrey?
这有什么不同呢?
How is it different?
对,这里有个很微妙的差别,各位——
Yeah, and this is subtle nuance, you guys-
……但这里暗含的意思是,我们之前已经讨论过这件事,或者有某种理解或预期,认为它——
... but there is this implication that we've spoken about it before, or there's some kind of understanding or expectation that it-
……已经完成了。
... has been completed.
这个差别非常细微。
And this is very subtle.
有可能母语者只是把 yet 加在一般过去时后面,并没有真正想那么多。
There is a chance native speakers would just tack yet onto past simple, and they're not really thinking that through.
他们并没有在想——
They're not thinking-
……
...
我想确保我表达的是我期望这件事已经完成。
I want to make sure that I'm implying that I expect this to be done.
这比那更微妙,对吧?
It's more subtle than that, right?
但是当人们听到这个问题,'你做了那件事了吗' 对比 '你做了那件事了吗',他们会——
But when someone hears this question, have you done that yet, versus did you do that yet, they're-
……可能会感觉到这一点,有一点暗示,哦,其中一个是在暗示——
... likely going to feel this, a little bit of an implication of, oh, one of these is implying-
……这件事应该已经完成了。
... that it's expected that it's done.
对。
Yep.
这很微妙,但确实可能存在。
It's very subtle, but it could be there.
我也同意你的看法。
And I agree with you, too.
有时候,母语者会直接把一般过去时和那个yet搭配使用。
Sometimes native speakers will just slap the simple past plus that yet.
他们可能本来想用现在完成时,结果用了简单过去式,还把yet加上了。
They'll maybe intend to use the present perfect, and then they'll put it in simple past and include the yet.
所以这两种情况都可能出现。
So both cases can happen.
所以这就是为什么它这么微妙。
So that's why it's so subtle.
你不能过度解读,对吧?
You can't read too much into this, right?
别想太多。
Don't read too much into it.
完全同意。
Totally.
那我们再深入一点,Aubrey。
So let's go a little deeper, Aubrey.
再多讲一点吧。
Tell us more.
那我们深入看一下这个结构,再多举几个例子,因为不管我们聊什么都会用到这个——
So let's dive into the structure here and some more examples, because we use this in whatever we're talking about-
……这种情况可能会发生。
... this could happen.
比如说,我们先从现在完成时开始。
So for example, so we're starting with the present perfect.
如果我们用现在完成时——
If we have present perfect-
……再加上yet,这是最常见的用法。
... plus yet, this is the most common.
语法上就是,用have或者has,加上过去分词。
And the grammar is you just have, have or has, with the past participle.
举几个例子吧。
So a couple examples.
我还没看那个电视节目呢。
I haven't seen that TV show yet.
所以我用的是现在完成时。
So I'm using present perfect.
这有点暗示这件事还是有可能发生的。
There's this little bit of an implication that it definitely could still happen.
或者在我们刚才的对话里,你上周末提到了《海啸救星》,然后也许我们今天就可以同步一下,问一句:你看了《海啸救星》了吗?
Or in our conversation here, you mentioned Project Hail Mary last weekend, and then maybe we could have just synced up today as, did you see Hail Mary yet?
因为你本来应该已经看过了。
Because you would expect it to have happened.
没错。
Exactly.
那是个很好的例子。
That's a really good example.
这就是为什么我想用那个例子,因为我们之前讨论过,所以我那样问是合理的,因为我有点期待一个特定的答案。
That's why I wanted to use that example, because we had talked about it before, it made sense for me to ask it the way I did, because I was sort of expecting a certain answer.
这个话题我已经说过很多次了。
I've spoken about this so many times.
也许——
Maybe-
你现在应该已经看过了。
You should have seen it by now.
你会厌倦一直问“你看过了吗?”
You get tired of saying, "Have you seen it yet?
你看过了吗?
Have you seen it?"
你看了吗?
Did you see it yet?
拜托。
Come on.
说得对,有时候我们用一般过去时是为了强调,对吧?
That's a good point, that sometimes we're saying we're using it that way, in past simple, for emphasis, right?
你看了吗?
Did you see that yet?
然后我们要改变——
And we're going to change-
……语气也要变。
... our tone, too.
哦,确实是这样。
Oh, that's true, too.
我们增加了更多的期待感。
We're adding more expectation.
确实如此。
That's true, too.
或者更宽泛地说,你吃午饭了吗?
Or let's say broadly, have you eaten lunch yet?
这是另一个例子。
That's another example.
对,这里用现在完成时是合理的。
Yeah, and it makes sense, present perfect here.
它自然地把过去的动作和——
It naturally connects a past action to-
——现在联系起来,带着一种‘还不晚’的开放感。
... now, with this open idea of it's not too late.
它仍然和现在有关联。
It still connects to the present.
我们现在还能这么做,对吧?
We could still do that right now, right?
然后,我们接着讲一般过去时。
And then, moving on to past simple.
好的。
Okay.
这很微妙,但确实有区别,对吧?
It's subtle, but it is different, right?
如果我们有过去时——
If we have past-
对
Yes
……过去时加yet,这时候就是你——
... simple plus yet, this is when you-
……期望某事到现在已经完成了。
... expect something to be done by now.
但当然,也有可能还没完成。
But there's a chance it hasn't been, of course.
所以这里的语法——
So the grammar-
对
Yes
……就是did加动词原形。
... for this is did with the base verb.
所以举个例子——
So for example-
对
Yes
……你去过那家健身房了吗?
... did you check out that gym yet?
这里就很有意思了,因为如果我们之前从没聊过这件事,我根本不会这样问。
And this is where it's interesting, because I really wouldn't ask it that way if we had never talked about it before.
我可能会说:“你有没有考虑过去健身房?
I might be like, "Have you considered going to a gym?
你有没有——
Have you ever-
……去过健身房?”
... gone to a gym?"
但如果我们之前聊过,那说“哦,你去看过我们说的那家健身房了吗?”就很合理了。
But if we've talked about it before, it makes sense to say, "Oh, did you check out that gym that we spoke about?"
我觉得有些东西可能也跟国家有关。
I think some of this could also be based on country, too.
我感觉在英国文化、英式英语里,听到“have”的次数更多。
I feel like I hear have a lot more in British culture, British English.
我觉得在美式英语里,我们有点偏向于用一般过去时。
I think in American English, we have a bit of a bias towards the simple past.
所以可能就像我之前说的,美国人就是想用一般过去时,不用现在完成时,但他们又想传达一点现在完成时的感觉,所以加了“yet”。
So it could be that, like I said before, Americans just want to use the simple past, not the present perfect, but they also want to communicate a bit of a present perfect vibe, so they add yet.
那真有意思。
That's really interesting.
你懂我的意思吗?
Do you know what I mean?
这让事情变得更让人困惑了,对吧?
Which makes it even more confusing, right?
如果你有说英式英语的朋友,也有说美式英语的朋友——
If you have friends that are British English speakers and American English speakers-
……语法可能会不一样。
... the grammar could be different.
他们习惯用的语法可能不同,这会使得……
The grammar they tend to use could be different, which would make it-
对
Yes
……更加混乱。
... even more confusing.
当然,确实如此。
Sure, for sure.
那到底为什么?
Just why?
或者你也可以听到有人说:“我还没跑差事呢。”
Or you could say, you might hear, "I didn't run errands yet."
所以这样说也是可以的。
So this is okay to say.
只是稍微有点不同,或者就像我说的,我们本来想用现在完成时,但用了简单过去时。
It's just a little bit of a slightly different, or maybe we're just, like I said, aiming for present perfect, but using simple past.
好的。
Okay.
有意思。
Interesting.
这个细微差别,如果我们之前聊过的话,我会这么说,比如我之前告诉你我要去办事。
The slight difference, I would say this if we've talked about it, like earlier I told you I was going to run errands.
所以现在我会说:“哦,我还没去办事呢。”
And so now I'm going to say, "Oh, I didn't run errands yet."
但如果我们之前从没聊过——
But if we haven't talked about it before, ever-
对
Yes
——那用现在完成时会更合理。
... then it would make more sense to use present perfect.
不,我——
No, I-
“我还没跑差事。
"I haven't run errands.
哦,我本来要去跑差事的,但还没做。”
Oh, I was going to run errands, but I haven't done it yet."
我完全同意。
I totally agree.
这很有道理。
That makes a lot of sense.
话题的近期性在这里真的很重要,对吧?
The recency of the topic really matters here, right?
对,确实如此。
Yeah, definitely.
好的。
Okay.
你有没有听过母语者说话,然后觉得:“单词我都懂,但还是有点跟不上”?
Have you ever listened to native speakers and thought, "I understand the words, but I still feel slightly lost"?
那是因为真实的英语对话不仅仅是词汇。
That's because real English conversations include more than vocabulary.
还有语速、连读、文化背景和口语表达。
There's speed, there's connected speech, there are cultural references and casual phrases.
你的大脑需要实时处理所有这些信息。
Your brain has to process all of this in real-time.
如果对话有时让你觉得吃力,那可能只是说明你已经准备好进入下一阶段的训练了。
If conversations sometimes feel overwhelming, it may simply mean you're ready for the next level of training.
来做个快速免费的流利度测试,找出你的确切水平吧。
Find out your exact level with our quick, free fluency quiz.
访问 allersenglish.com/fluencyscore。
Go to allersenglish.com/fluencyscore.
就是 allersenglish.com/F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E。
That's allersenglish.com/F-L-U-E-N-C-Y-S-C-O-R-E.
好的,Aubrey,我们重新开始。
All right, Aubrey, we are back in action.
我们来做个角色扮演吧。
Let's go for a role play.
我们开始吧?
Shall we do it?
好,我们开始吧。
Yeah, let's do it.
我在这里举办一个聚会,你刚到。
I'm hosting a get-together here, and you just arrived.
好的。
Okay.
我先开始。
I'll start us out.
好的。
All right.
好的。
Okay.
你吃饭了吗?
Have you eaten yet?
还有很多食物,如果你饿了的话。
There's still plenty of food if you're hungry.
我还没吃呢。好的,谢谢。
I haven't, no. Okay, thanks.
哦,莎拉来了。
Oh, Sarah's here.
你见过她了吗?
Did you meet her yet?
哦,还没有。
Oh, no, I didn't.
她是在和迈克说话的那位吗?
Is she the one talking to Mike?
对。
Yes.
我觉得他们分手了。
I think they broke up.
其实我邀请他们俩的时候还不知道这件事。
I actually didn't know that yet when I invited them both.
哦,好吧,有戏看。
Ooh, okay, drama.
对,没错。
Yeah, exactly.
而且有意思的是,正是这个“还”字让这句话变得这么有趣。
And it's really interesting how yet is what makes this so interesting.
就像你说的,这取决于你住在哪里,有些人可能不会在一般过去时的句子里加上“还”,但美国人会这么说。
And it's like you said, depending on where you live, people might not tack yet onto a past simple phrase, but Americans do it.
你别让它把你搞糊涂了。
You don't want to let it confuse you.
对。
Yes.
不过,确实挺有意思的,我们来看看为什么这里要加“yet”,对吧?
But yeah, it's interesting to go through these and look at why did we add yet there, right?
所以,这有时候是你在办聚会、有人到的时候会说的话,因为你是在提供食物。
So this is sometimes something someone might say when you're hosting a party and someone arrives, because you're offering food.
“你吃了吗?”
"Have you eaten yet?"
然后还有什么呢?
And then what else?
对,没错,尤其是如果有零食的话。
Yes, exactly, and especially if there are snacks.
有意思的是,我们用的是现在完成时。
And it's interesting that we're using present perfect.
所以,因为假设你刚到聚会,我可能不太会说“你吃了吗?”
So because assuming you just got to the party, I would be less likely to say, "Did you eat yet?"
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因为那——
Because that-
……感觉像是我们之前已经讨论过这件事。
... feels like it would imply that we had talked about it before.
现在完成时——
Present perfect-
……在这里更合理,因为我对你的回答没有任何信息,也没有任何预期。
... just makes more sense here, where I have no information, I have no expectation about what your answer would be.
我们一整天都没见面。
We haven't seen each other all day.
你完全不知道我今天吃饭的情况。
You have no idea what my meal eating has been like today.
所以你看,这样更合理。
So there you go, that makes more sense.
“你吃了吗?”
"Have you eaten yet?"
然后我说:"我还没吃,不用了,谢谢。"
And then I said, "I haven't, no. Thanks."
然后你说:"哦,莎拉在这儿。
And then you said, "Oh, Sarah's here.
你见过她了吗?"
Did you meet her yet?"
这个值得想一想。
And this is interesting to think about.
如果我们说:"你见过她了吗?"
If we said, "Have you met her yet?"
那就是没有预期的意思。
That's where there's no expectation.
所以这里,可能就暗示着你和我之前聊过莎拉,而且我很期待你见到她。
So here, there would kind of be an assumption that you and I have maybe talked about Sarah, and I'm excited for you to meet her maybe.
所以我就会说:"哦,你见过她了吗?"
So I'm like, "Oh, did you meet her yet?"
或者可能是我在派对上已经见过她了,然后在我见到你之前,对吧?
Or maybe that I had already met her in the party and before I saw you, right?
也许吧。
Maybe.
你跟我打招呼,也许进门的时候,我们碰过面,也许吧。
You greeted me, maybe walking in the door, we met, maybe.
对,没错。
Yes, exactly.
所以,这很有意思,因为两种说法都有可能。
So, and this is interesting because both are possible.
这完全取决于语境。
It's all about context.
两种说法在语法上都没有错,说“你见过她了吗?”
Neither of them are grammatically wrong to say, "Have you met her yet?"
“你见到她了吗?”
"Did you meet her yet?"
两种说法都可以。
They both could work.
这取决于你想表达的细微含义,或者你期待的是什么。
It depends on the subtle implication of what you're implying or what you expect.
然后这里是你期待的,然后这里有个问题,Aubrey,有点即兴的。
And then here's what you expect, and then here's a question, Aubrey, kind of spontaneous.
我能不能就直接说:“哦,不,我还没见过她。”
Would it be okay for me to just say, "Oh, no, I haven't."
你觉得呢?
What do you think?
真的必须匹配吗?
Does it really have to match?
在日常的母语英语中,我在想为什么匹配很重要——
In everyday native English, I'm trying to think of why it's important to-
这真是个很好的观点。
That's a really good point.
我觉得人们在说话的时候,其实不会那么刻意地去匹配动词时态。
I think when people are speaking, they're not really careful to match verb tense like that.
我也觉得不会,对。
I really don't think so, yeah.
如果你问我:“你见到她了吗?”
If you say to me, "Did you meet her yet?"
然后我可能会说——
And then I could be like-
“还没呢。”
"No, I haven't."
“其实还没有。”
... "I haven't, actually."
不。
No.
没关系,尤其是在口语英语中。
It doesn't matter, especially for conversational English.
完全可以接受。
Totally acceptable.
我们其实不会那么仔细地去注意对方用的动词时态。
We're not paying that close attention to the verb tense the other person's using.
对,因为再说一次,重点是交流。
No, because again, connection.
没错。
Exactly.
我们关注的是人与人之间的交流。
We're focusing on human connection.
那一刻真正重要的是,你愿意去认识新朋友,问候主人,并且表现出你感激他们为你准备了食物。
That's what matters in that moment, being open to meeting that new person, greeting the host, showing that you appreciate that there's food there for you.
这些都是非常重要的交流时刻。
These are all really important connection moments.
没错,而且这些说法之间差异很小,母语者甚至都感觉不到区别。
Exactly, and these are interchangeable enough that a native speaker wouldn't even feel the difference there.
因为现在完成时和一般过去时差别不大,所以两种说法都完全可行。
Because present perfect, past simple doesn't change that much, so both would definitely work.
对。
Yes.
好,你最后说的是什么,Aubrey?
Okay, what's the last thing you said, Aubrey?
然后我说:“我当时邀请他们俩的时候还不知道这件事。”
Then I said, "I actually didn't know that yet when I invited them both."
所以我邀请了两位最近分手的人,但我的意思是——
So I've invited two people who recently broke up, but I'm saying-
哦
Oh
……“我邀请他们的时候还不知道。”
... "I didn't know that yet when I invited them."
对。
Yes.
所以我在这里肯定可以用一般过去时。
So I can use past simple here for sure.
嗯,这其实是过去完成时,对吧?
Well, this is actually the past perfect, right?
这是一个发生在过去的动作。
This is an action that happened in the past.
那件事发生的时候我还不知道。
I didn't know that yet when that happened.
对,我觉得是一般过去时加 yet。
Yeah, I guess simple past plus yet.
所以我们在这一集的早些时候讨论过,我们是在把对方带入过去的语境。
So we talked about this earlier in the episode where we talked about we're orienting the person into the past.
没错。
Exactly.
是的。
Yes.
就是当时事情发生时已知的情况。
Of what was known at the time that something happened.
所以这真的是往后退了两步。
So it's really two steps back.
没错。
Exactly.
这就是我们在这里做的。
Is what we're doing here.
对,挺有意思的。
Yeah, interesting.
好了,不错的内容。
All right, so good stuff.
所以很明显,我们在日常美式英语口语中打破了一些规则——
So clearly, we're breaking some rules over here, in everyday spoken American English-
……与听众在教科书上学到的相比。
... compared to what our listeners learned in the textbook.
不过,这样真的没问题吗?
Is it okay, though?
我觉得没问题。
I think it's okay.
当然没问题。
Definitely.
我觉得没问题。
I think it's okay.
有意思的说法是,如果你在课本上学到某个规则,感觉它很严格,那当母语者不遵守时,就会让人困惑。
That's an interesting way to put it is like if you learned something in a textbook, and it felt like a really strong rule, then it's confusing when native speakers don't follow it.
看起来他们像是在违反规则,但很多这类事情其实并不是正式的规则。
It might seem like they're breaking rules, but a lot of things like this aren't really official rules.
这些都不是——
None of this is-
……真正的错误。
... really a mistake.
再说一次,唯一的规则就是注重交流。
The only rule, again, is to focus on connection.
各位,去听听商务英语637集,题目是《Did还是Have?》。
Guys, go over to Business English 637, Did or Have?
那一集也是讨论这个问题,但角度稍有不同,所以我们在那一集里回答的是另一个问题。
That is approaching this exact question, but from a slightly different perspective, so we're sort of answering a different question in that episode.
没错。
Exactly.
所以去听听那一集吧。
So go and check that one out.
那是第一部分。
That's part one.
在那里你可以更深入地了解为什么我们会选择一般过去时或现在完成时。
You could get a deeper dive there into why do we choose past simple or present perfect.
但这是处理语法的一种有趣方式。
But this is a fun way to handle grammar.
当我们收到这些有趣的问题时,那些关注语法、注意到母语者做了些意想不到的事情的学生——
When we get these interesting questions, students who are paying attention to the grammar, recognizing native speakers that are doing something unexpected-
……那么深入探讨原因就很有趣了。
... then it's fun to dive into why.
连接方式的变化,以及根据你使用的动词时态所隐含的意思,这些都是什么。
What about the connection changes, what's implied depending on the verb tense you use.
对。
Yes.
真是个好话题。
Really good topic.
Aubrey,关于语法规则、打破语法规则、不同版本的语法规则,最后有什么要说的吗?
Aubrey, final takeaway on grammar rules, breaking grammar rules, different versions of grammar rules.
有什么要总结的吗?
Any takeaway?
就像你说的,Lindsay,连接是最重要的。
Like you said, Lindsay, the connection's the most important thing.
对。
Yes.
别担心语法,也别纠结它到底暗示了什么。
Don't worry about the grammar and what exactly does this imply.
别让这些阻碍你开始对话,别让它拖住你。
Don't let that stop you from starting a conversation and holding you back.
说得太棒了。
Love it.
好了,今天聊得真不错,Aubrey。
All right, good stuff today, Aubrey.
我们很快再见。
I'll see you back here very soon.
祝你今天愉快。
You have a good day.
好吗?
All right?
太棒了。
Awesome.
下次再见。
See you next time.
好的,拜拜。
Okay, bye.
拜拜。
Bye.
感谢收听《All Ears English》。
Thanks for listening to All Ears English.
你想知道自己的英语水平吗?
Would you like to know your English level?
来做我们两分钟的测验吧。
Take our two-minute quiz.
前往 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。
Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.
如果你相信连接而非完美,那就现在订阅,确保你不会错过任何内容。
And if you believe in connection not perfection, then hit subscribe now to make sure you don't miss anything.
下次再见。
See you next time.
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