AEE：恼人的前缀第一部分：是不安全还是缺乏安全？

这里是《全神贯注学英语》播客，恼人的前缀第一集：不安感与安全缺失。

This is an All Ears English podcast, pesky prefixes part one, insecurity or lack of security.

欢迎收听下载量突破2亿次的《全神贯注学英语》播客。是否在英语学习中遇到瓶颈？我们将教你如何通过注重交流而非完美，变得自信流利。您的主持人是来自美国纽约的电台女孩米歇尔·卡普兰，以及来自亚利桑那州的雅思专家奥布里·卡特，节目从美国纽约市和亚利桑那州为您呈现。想要在手机上获取实时文字稿并创建个性化词汇表，请尝试iOS和安卓平台的《全神贯注学英语》应用。

Welcome to the All Ears English podcast downloaded more than 200,000,000 times. Are you feeling stuck with your English? We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection. With your American host, Michelle Kaplan, the New York radio girl, and Aubrey Carter, the IELTS whiz, coming to you from Arizona and New York City, USA. To get real time transcripts right on your phone and create your personalized vocabulary list, try the All Ears English app for iOS and Android.

立即开始7天免费试用，请访问allearsenglish.com/app。

Start your seven day free trial at allearsenglish.com/app.

在这个关于前缀的三部曲系列的第一部分中，奥布里和米歇尔将探讨'secure'这个词，以及添加前缀'in'时的常见错误。是时候澄清困惑，让你从今天起更有安全感了。

On part one of this three part series about prefixes, Aubrey and Michelle talk about the word secure and common mistakes that are made when adding the prefix in to it. Time to clear up any confusion so you can feel more secure starting today.

你好，米歇尔。最近怎么样？

Hello, Michelle. How are you?

我很好奥布里，你呢？很高兴见到你。

I'm doing well Aubrey, how are you? Nice to see you.

是的，每次和你一起录制都很愉快。我对今天的节目充满期待。先问你个问题热场吧。

Yes, always a pleasure recording with you. I'm excited for this episode today. Have a question for you to start us out.

好的，让我们听听

Okay, let's Were hear

你年轻时缺乏安全感吗？是的，我也是。每当看到青少年并非如此时，我总是既佩服又震惊。当他们表现得极度自信且胸有成竹时。

you insecure as a young person? Yes. Same. I'm always impressed and kind of shocked when like a teenager isn't. When they seem extremely confident and sure of themselves.

那不是我。这很难，因为，你知道，我在想...我是说，你...你有几个大点的孩子，

That was not me. And it's hard because, you know, I think about I mean, you you have some, like, older kids,

所以我确信你经历过这些。但没错。你知道这很难，因为我知道随着孩子成长，我必须处理这些问题，这些更棘手的难题。因为我又变得缺乏安全感，我觉得这很普遍。

so I'm sure you've gone through this with them. But Yes. You know, it's so hard because I know that I'll have to deal with these things, these harder issues with my kids as they grow up. Because I was insecure again, like I think that it's very common.

你只想告诉他们这无关紧要。对吧？因为我现在比年轻时自信多了。我也是，你会找到自我的，对吧？对。

And you just want to tell them it doesn't matter. Right? Because I'm, you're probably, I'm much more confident than I was when I was younger. Same, You'll come into your own, right? Right.

我们都经历过。我们都体会过不安全感，尤其是年轻时。但有趣的是，一个地方会缺乏安全感吗，米歇尔？

We've all been there. We've all experienced insecurity, especially when we're young. But it's interesting because can a place be insecure, Michelle?

有意思。不，对吧？其实并不是。不，地方不可能缺乏安全感。

Interesting. No, right? Is Not really really. No. A place can't be insecure.

你会认为，因为我们经常加上那个前缀来表示‘无法被...’。所以很多词我们确实会这样处理。实际上最近我听到一个学生犯了这个错误，他们说许多城市有‘insecurity’，而他们实际想表达的是缺乏安全。对吧？

And And you would think because often we'll add that prefix in to mean like not able to be. So a lot of words we do add this. This actually recently I heard a student make this mistake. They said many cities have insecurity and what they meant was a lack of security. Right?

它们不安全。对吧？但这很棘手，因为我们不...是的，安全，secure意味着安全。这就是棘手之处。它既可以表示自信的，也可以表示安全的。

They're unsafe. Right? But it's tricky because we don't yes, security, secure means safe. That's what's tricky. It can mean both confident and safe.

所以按理说insecure应该同时表示‘不自信’和‘不安全’，但它不是。英语实在太狡猾了。

So it would make sense for insecure to mean Yeah. Both not confident and not safe, but it doesn't. English is too tricky.

确实如此。它不会让事情那么简单。完全正确。哇，这将是个非常有趣的话题。大家，我们还想告诉你们别担心，Lindsay会回来的。

It is. It's not gonna make it that easy. Exactly. So wow, this is gonna be a really interesting topic. Guys, we also wanna let you know that don't worry, Lindsay will be back.

她正在休假。所以你们很快就能见到她。但今天只有我，是

She is on vacation. So you will see her soon. But today it's me, it's

我们俩

the two

一起。

of us.

我们两个人。我们将详细讲解'secure'（安全/自信）这个词汇及其反义词。这些词能用于出色的交流对话。对吧？各位，我想知道你们小时候是否缺乏安全感？

Us two. And we are going to share details about this vocabulary secure and security and their opposites. And these words can be used for excellent connection conversations. Right? Anyone, I want to know, were you insecure as a kid?

你何时感受过不安？因为无论是年轻时还是工作中，当我们需要做演讲却对公开演讲缺乏信心时，这些词汇就能在各种场合派上用场

When have you felt insecurity? Because even when we're young or maybe at work, if we're having to give a presentation and we're not confident about our public speaking, this vocabulary can use to connect in a lot of different

确实如此。没错。朋友们，这实际上会是一个三集系列节目。非常有意思。

ways. Definitely. Yeah. So guys, this is actually going to be a three part series. So much fun.

本期将分享常见的前缀使用错误。内容会很精彩，记得关注我们收看后续系列。

So this will be sharing common mistakes with prefixes. So this is gonna be great. So hit follow for the rest of the series.

是的。我想特别感谢哈维尔。昨天在开放对话俱乐部和他聊天时，他说已经收听节目十年了。他现在住在布鲁塞尔，所以我们聊了聊这个话题——因为我曾在那里当互惠生。能遇到长期听众总是令人开心，向所有多年支持我们的听众致敬。

Yes. And I wanted to give a quick shout out to Javier. I chatted with him yesterday at Open Conversation Club, and he shared that he's been listening for ten years. Currently living in Brussels so we were able to chat about that because I used to live there as an au pair but I love meeting a long time listener so shout out to all of you out there who have listened for years. It's always so fun to meet them.

确实。谢谢你哈维尔，这太棒了。我们非常感激你的长期收听。绝对的。

For sure. Thank you, Javier. That is incredible. And we're really thankful to have you listen to us. Absolutely.

现在让我们进入正题。首先讨论'secure'这个词，它有两种含义对吧？作为形容词，第一层意思是自信的。例如：'我对自己的时尚品味很自信，所以会按照自己喜欢的方式穿衣，不在乎他人看法'。

So let's dive in here. So first of all, we're talking about the word secure, which can have two different meanings. Right? This is an adjective, but first it can mean confident. For example, I'm secure in my sense of style, so I dress the way I like without worrying about others opinions.

很好。或者说她对转行的决定很有把握。没错。这个前缀'in'常用来表示'无法做到'，比如'invisible（看不见的）'、'incomplete（不完整的）'，我们这里也用到了。我们会说'insecure（不自信的）'，意思是无法感到自信。

Nice. Or she felt secure in her decision to change careers. Exactly. And this prefix in is often added to mean not capable of being, for example, invisible, incomplete, and we do use it here. We'll say insecure, meaning not able to be confident.

对吧？可能我有时说西班牙语时会不自信，因为我知道自己犯了很多错误。我感觉在座的很多人都有同感，对吧？我有时确实会想，他们是不是注意到我的错误了？我试着记住：重在交流，而非完美。

Right? Maybe I sometimes feel insecure when I'm speaking Spanish because I know I'm making a lot of mistakes. I have a feeling a lot of you out there feel that, right? I do sometimes feel like, Oh, are they noticing my mistakes? I try to remember connection, not perfection.

没关系。

It's okay.

没错。完全正确。或者你可以说，有时我在工作中寻求帮助会感到不自信。可能你觉得必须装出某种样子

That's right. Absolutely. Or you could say, Sometimes I feel insecure about asking for help at work. So maybe you feel you have to put on some sort

不想展现任何弱点，或者你可能会说自己感到不自信。是的，有时如果我录社交媒体视频就会不自信，我会想，哦，我得化点妆、弄下头发。我会觉得

of front, you don't want to show any sort of weakness, or you might say that you feel insecure. Yeah, sometimes I feel insecure if I'm like recording a social media video. I'm like, oh, I have to put on a little makeup, do my hair. I would feel

就像我本该录视频时，突然注意到自己坐的位置，发现头发有多毛躁。然后我就拼命试图压平它。好不容易搞定了，准备重新开始时发现它又翘起来了。

like I go to should have been record a social media video, I realize something about where I'm sitting, I realize just how much frizz there is in my hair. And then I go and I try and I try and get it down. And then like, okay, I did it. And then I get there to go again and it's still there.

尽管如此，我们得接受这些毛躁，朋友们。确实如此。不论你是青少年还是年长者，都很难不对自己的外貌感到不自信，尤其是要发布到网上的视频。如果只是去趟超市，我根本不在乎。对对对

Still, we just have to embrace the frizz, you guys. Exactly. It's hard to not feel insecure about one's appearance, whether you're a teenager or whether you're older, especially if it's like a video you're posting online. If I'm just running to the grocery store, I could care less. Yeah, yeah, yeah,

不，我明白。我明白。嗯，你看起来总是那么美。

no, I get it. I get it. Well, you always look beautiful.

谢谢。不过话说回来，这是个很好的连接话题，因为如果你们中有人感到不自信，无论是关于外貌、工作表现还是其他什么，要知道你并不孤单。我们都有这样的感受。

Thank you. But yeah, again, great topic for connection because if you out there ever feel insecure, whether it's about your appearance, your work performance, whatever it is, you're not alone. We all have those I

如果你从未感到过一丝不自信，那才不正常呢。但'safe'并不是'secure'唯一的用法。'secure'另一个定义其实就是'安全'。对，就是感到安全。

don't think you'd be human if never felt a little insecure. But that's not the only way we use secure. So another definition of secure is actually safe. Yes. Okay, so to be safe.

比如说，

For example,

孩子们在有围栏的后院玩耍时感到安心。你也可以用'safe'来形容——他们感到安全，感到安心。我们经常会把这两个词连用：'safe and secure'。虽然有点重复，但人们确实会这么说。没错。

the children felt secure playing in the fenced backyard And you could say safe there. They felt safe, they felt secure. Often we'll say both, they felt safe and secure. Which is kind of redundant, but we say that sometimes. True.

就像双重保险一样。或者这个例子也很有趣。

Like extra safe. Or this is an interesting one.

大楼装有监控摄像头，确保员工全天候安全。注意这里用的是'security cameras'，这个说法很常见。是的，我们

The building has security cameras to keep employees secure at all times. So notice security cameras, you'll hear that a lot. Yeah, we're

马上要讲到安全问题了，这挺有意思的，对吧？那些监控摄像头能保障员工安全。没错。但用这种定义时，我们不说'insecure'或'unsecure'。那该怎么说呢？

gonna get into security here in a minute, but it's interesting, right? Those security cameras keep employees secure or safe. Right. But here with this kind of definition, the safety one, we don't say insecure or unsecure. But what do we say?

我们会说'unsafe'，对吧？晚上独自走在城里的那片公园区域是不安全的。所以这很有趣，你不能总是简单地加前缀就指望它变成反义词，特别是像'secure'这样有双重含义的词——既指安全又指自信。它并不总是遵循加前缀就变反义的规则。

Instead we say unsafe, right? It's unsafe to walk alone in that park part of town at night. So this is interesting. This is where you can't always just add in and expect it to mean the opposite of a word, especially for a word like secure that has two meanings, you know, safe and confident. It's not always going to be following the rules of like add in and it means the opposite.

没错，完全正确。我们还有名词形式，奥布里刚才暗示我们会讲到'security'和'insecurity'。'Security'是表示安全的名词，比如机场有严密安保来确保乘客安全。

Yep. Yeah, exactly. And then we also have the nouns, which Aubrey, you kind of hinted at that we were gonna get to with security and insecurity. So security is a noun for safety. So the airport has tight security to ensure passengers' safety.

是的，或者跑步时有同伴会给我安全感。当我们用'security'表示安全时，常说'sense of security'（安全感）。我当时感到很有安全感。

Yes, or having a buddy while jogging gives me a sense of security. Often when we're talking about security as safety, we'll say sense of security. I felt a sense of security.

这时你可以在前面加'in'变成'insecurity'，那是什么意思呢？

And then here you can put the in in front of it. So insecurity, and what does that mean?

对，这是指易受危险威胁的状态。但有趣的是我们只在特定语境使用它，比如谈论工作不安全感（job insecurity）、粮食不安全（food insecurity）——指人们不知道下一顿饭从何而来。

Yeah, so this is a state of being vulnerable to danger. But what's interesting here is we use it in pretty specific context. We'll talk about job insecurity. If you don't feel secure about your job, food insecurity for people who don't always know where their next meal is coming from. Yeah.

你可能会说这个组织为面临粮食不安全的家庭提供餐食。但有趣的是，我们不用它来描述地方不安全，而是说'lack of security'（缺乏安保）。比如这座城市安保不足，或者市中心区域不安全，用这些表达来说明某地不安全。

You might say the organization provides meals to families facing food insecurity. But what's interesting is this is not used to describe a place as unsafe. Instead, we'll say a lack of security. Right? The city has a lack of security or the city, maybe the downtown is unsafe to indicate that a place is not secure.

是啊，真有意思。你可能听说大楼坏掉的门锁给居民带来了安全隐患。

Yeah, really interesting. So you might hear the building's broken locks created a lack of security for the residents.

所以没错，你不会说'造成不安'。完全正确。这确实很棘手。你能明白学生为何会犯这个错误。可能听众里也有人犯过这个错却没意识到，因为这个单词在多重含义上确实很微妙。

So yeah, you wouldn't say created insecurity. Exactly. So this is really tricky. You can see why the student made this mistake. Possibly listeners out there, you've made this mistake maybe even without realizing because this word it's really tricky where we have multiple meanings.

其中有些含义甚至相反，我们可以用'insecurity'表达那种意思，但并非所有语境都适用。

Some of them to make the opposite, we can add that in for insecurity but we don't use it in all contexts.

没错，但我们还有自信的定义。所以'insecurity'也可以指缺乏自信。比如'我对自己的歌声很没信心'。

Yeah, that's But then we also have the confident definition. So insecurity can be also lack of confidence. So I have a lot of insecurity about my singing voice.

是啊。或者'他对写作能力的不自信让他犹豫是否要投稿'。但最有趣的是，我在准备这期节目时不断感叹，哇，这些我们作为母语者有时不会注意到的现象。我们不会用'security'来表示那种自我感觉良好的状态。

Yeah. Or his insecurity about his writing skills made him hesitant to submit the article. But what's really interesting here, as I was preparing this episode, I kept being like, wow, this is so interesting. Things we don't think about as native speakers sometimes. That we don't say security as the opposite of that to mean like a feeling of confidence in oneself.

我不会说'我对自己的歌声感到安全'，而会说'我感到自信'。

I wouldn't say I feel security about my singing voice. Would say I feel confident.

对，完全正确。确实很有意思。不过我们确实会用'security'来表达对外部事物的信心。比如'经过数月练习，我对驾驶有了把握'。

Right, exactly. Yeah, very interesting. I mean, we do use security to mean a feeling of confidence in something external though. So like, I've gained security in my driving after practicing for months. We

或许Sense指的是安全感。

might Sense say of security.

对，是安全感。没错。那么这听起来怎么样？

Yes. Sense of security. Right. So how would that sound?

举个例子，拥有一个支持她的家庭给了她生活中强烈的安全感。有趣的是当我们谈论自身时，任何关于自信的内容我们不会用‘安全’这个词，我们会说‘信心’。我对这件事有信心。我有信心。

So for example, having a supportive family gave her a strong sense of security in her life. So it's interesting because when we're talking about ourself, anything that's about self confidence, we wouldn't say security. We'll say confidence. I feel confident about this. I have confidence.

但对于外部事物，我们肯定会说：我对我的家、我的社区有安全感，当涉及外部环境时。有意思。好了，我们这有个角色扮演来运用这些含义。米歇尔，派对前我们作为朋友在聊天。我来开个头。

But then for something external, we definitely will say, I feel a sense of security about my home, my neighborhood, when it's something external. Interesting. All right, we have a role play here to use a bunch of these meanings. You and I are friends talking before a party here, Michelle. I'll start us out.

好的。

Okay.

我今晚有点缺乏安全感。要是我一个人都不认识怎么办？别担心。

I'm Here we feeling a bit of insecurity about tonight. What if I don't know anyone? Don't worry.

你会没事的。我认识那里很多人，而且我有信心能自然地介绍大家认识，不会让场面尴尬。

You'll be fine. I know a lot of people there, and I feel secure in my ability to introduce people without making it awkward.

哦，谢谢。我很感激。你好像认识所有人。希望这里比我们上次去的市中心那地方更安全。哦，是的。

Oh, thanks. I appreciate it. You seem to know everyone. Hopefully, it's more secure than the place we went to downtown. Oh, yeah.

场地安保很好，至少我们不用担心这个。你可以放松享受。不错。这确实给了我安全感。今晚应该会很有趣。

The venue has good security, so at least we don't have to worry about that. You can just relax and have fun. Nice. That definitely gives me a sense of security. It should be fun tonight.

好的。对，我们来看这个。我们在这里用了一堆这些。第一个，感到不安，对吧？但有趣的是这里我是在用self指代自己。

Good. Yeah, let's go through this. So we used a bunch of these here. The first one, feeling insecure, right? But it's interesting how here I'm talking about self like about myself.

对吧？我感到不安。我可能谁都不认识。我觉得会没人可以说话。所以可以说我对今晚感到不安，或者说感到有些不安。

Right? I'm feeling insecure. I might not know anyone. I feel like I'm not gonna have anyone to talk to. So I could say I feel insecure about tonight or I could say feeling a bit of insecurity.

对，两种都可以。你觉得哪种更...我可能会说'我感到不安'。或者说'我感到不自在'、'我感到尴尬'。当我们想说'我不自信'时有很多表达方式。

Yeah, both Which one to you feels more I would more likely say, I feel insecure probably. Or even like, I feel uncomfortable. I feel awkward. There's a lot of ways we could say this when we're saying like, I don't feel confident.

没错，你甚至可以说'我对今晚感觉不太好'。各位，这里的重点是要展示如何使用它。

Right, you might even just say, I don't feel great about tonight. Guys, the point here is to show you how it can be used.

正是。然后你说'我对介绍人的能力感到安心'。这里你也可以说'自信'或'安心'。对，完全正确。接着我们继续讨论安全方面。

Exactly. And then you said, I feel secure in my ability to introduce people. And here you could say confident or secure. Right, exactly. And then we're going on to the safety aspect.

你说过，希望这地方比我们上次去的市中心那家更安全。对，就是更可靠些。是吧？去了个感觉不太安全的地方，可能压根儿没有安保措施。

So you said, hopefully it's more secure than the place we went to downtown. Yeah, meaning safer. Right? Went to some place that did not feel secure. Maybe there was no security.

可能因为那里太暗了。然后你说，哦对了，这个场馆安保很好。那通常意味着有监控摄像头或者，你知道的，保安人员。

Maybe it was really dark. And then you said, oh yeah, this venue has good security. So that would probably mean cameras or, you know, security Security guards.

对吧？所以没错，还有个常听到的搭配词就是保安。很多明星都雇保安，是吧？

Right? So yeah, that's another, like a collocation you'll hear is a security guard. Right? That's a lot of celebrities have them, right?

完全正确。基本上就是保镖的角色，提供保护的人。对。

Exactly. Like a bodyguard, basically a person providing Yes.

然后你说，这确实给了我安全感。

And then you said that definitely gives me a sense of security.

是啊。有趣的是我们在角色扮演里刻意用这些词。很多术语其实挺正式的，日常聊天我可能就直接说‘让我觉得更安心’，对吧？

Yeah. And so it's interesting because we're trying to use these in this role play. A lot of these terms are quite formal. Like in just the average daily conversation, I'd just be like, yeah, makes me feel safer. Right?

和朋友交流时我们会用更随意的说法，但在工作会议上讨论会议或活动的安保时这些术语就会出现。不过这里最关键的要点是，这类语言很容易用错，因为很多情况我们不会用‘不安全’或‘缺乏安全感’来描述。

There are these more informal terms that we might use instead with like a friend, but these could come up at work when we're talking about security at a conference at a function, of course. But the one of the biggest takeaways here is it's really easy to make errors with this language because there are a lot of things that we would not describe as insecure or as having insecurity.

对，没错。这真的很有趣。是的，我认为解释这一点非常重要，盖伊，另一个关键点是要对那些前缀保持一定的怀疑态度。

Right. Yeah. It's really interesting. Yeah. I think that this is really important to explain this and Guy, as just another part of the takeaway is to always be a little skeptical with those prefixes.

要知道，这不是教科书会直接为你列出来的内容。所以我们才在这里为你明确指出。再次强调，一定要点击关注，因为我们将推出这个系列的三部分内容。这是第一部分，点击关注因为接下来的部分会

You know, this is not something that a textbook is just gonna start outlining for you. So that's why we're here to really point it out for you. And definitely, again, hit follow because we're gonna be doing three parts of this series. So this is the first part. Hit follow because the next ones will be

很快发布。是的，我一直在收集母语人士在使用前缀时犯的错误。比如昨天打排球时，我听到有人说'undefensible'，而他们实际想说的是'indefensible'。这类前缀小错误比比皆是。

coming up soon. Yes. I have been collecting mistakes that I hear native speakers make with prefixes. Like, just yesterday at volleyball, I heard someone say undefensible when they meant indefensible. There are so many of these little prefix mistakes.

哦，太棒了。

Oh, sweet.

我们经常犯这些错误。

We make them all the time.

经常如此，有时两种用法都可能成立或正确，对吧？所以我很期待深入探讨这个话题。记得点击关注以获取整个系列内容。好的。

All the time and sometimes both will be possible or correct. Right? So I'm excited to dive into this. Be sure to hit follow to get this whole series. Okay.

太棒了，奥布里。非常感谢

Awesome, Aubrey. Well, thanks so much

感谢今天和我交谈。也谢谢大家的收听。

for talking with me today. And guys, thank you for listening.

是的，太棒了。下次见，米歇尔。再见。

Yes. Awesome. See you next time, Michelle. Bye. Bye.

感谢收听《全神贯注学英语》。想知道你的英语水平吗？参加我们两分钟的测试。请访问allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。如果你相信连接而非完美，现在就点击订阅，确保你不会错过任何内容。

Thanks for listening to All Ears English. Would you like to know your English level? Take our two minute quiz. Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore. And if you believe in connection not perfection, then hit subscribe now to make sure you don't miss anything.

下次见。

See you next time.