五月花号 | 感恩节的神话 | 5

想象一下。

Picture this.

你被传送回过去，亲眼目睹历史在眼前展开，没有任何现代生活的干扰。

You're transported back in time, witnessing history unfold right before your eyes without any modern day interruptions.

这就是Wondery Plus的魔力。

That's the magic of Wondery Plus.

沉浸在塑造我们国家的故事中，享受无广告剧集、新季优先观看和独家额外内容。

Immerse yourself in the stories that shaped our nation with ad free episodes, early access to new seasons, and exclusive bonus content.

在Wondery应用或Apple Podcasts上加入Wondery Plus，以前所未有的方式体验美国历史。

Join Wondery Plus in the Wondery app or on Apple Podcasts and experience American history like never before.

这里是Wondery，我是林赛·格雷厄姆，为您带来《美国历史讲述者》。

From Wondery, I'm Lindsey Graham, and this is American History Tellers.

我们的历史，你的故事。

Our history, your story.

在我们的《五月花号》系列中，我们跟随一群绝望的宗教异见者，从英格兰航行到荷兰，再到后来被称为新英格兰的普利茅斯。

In our series on Mayflower, we traveled with a group of desperate religious dissidents as they sailed from England to The Netherlands and then to Plymouth in what would eventually become known as New England.

但当时居住在那里的万帕诺亚格人并不这么称呼它。

But it wasn't called that by the people who lived there at the time, the Wampanoags.

他们知道清教徒定居的地方叫帕图西特，而令新到的英国殖民者惊讶的是，他们之前与欧洲人有过接触。

They knew the place where the Pilgrims settled as Patuxet, and much to the surprise of the newly arrived English colonists, they had prior experience with Europeans.

在本期节目中，我与乔治华盛顿大学的历史学教授大卫·西尔弗曼进行了对话。

In this episode, I speak with David Silverman, a professor of history at George Washington University.

他是《这片土地是他们的土地：万帕诺亚格印第安人、普利茅斯殖民地与感恩节的争议历史》一书的作者。

He's the author of This Land is Their Land, the Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving.

大卫将带我们回到1620年，从万帕诺亚格人的视角想象与清教徒相遇的情景。

David will take us back to 1620 to imagine what the encounter with the pilgrims might have been like from the Wampanoag perspective.

我们的对话即将开始。

Our conversation is next.

短短几年间，Ozempic从一种糖尿病药物演变成了全球现象。

In just a few years Ozempic has gone from a diabetes drug to a global phenomenon.

但随着需求激增导致供应紧张，假冒产品正充斥市场。

But as demand explodes, squeezing supply, counterfeit versions are flooding the market.

我是大卫·布朗，《商业战争》的主持人。在我们的最新一季中，我们将深入探讨全球最热门减肥药供应的高风险竞赛。

I'm David Brown, host of Business Wars, And in our newest season, we dive into the high stakes race to supply the world's hottest weight loss drug.

记得在Wondery应用或你获取播客的任何平台收听《商业战争》。

Make sure to listen to Business Wars on the Wondery app or wherever you get your podcasts.

嘿，篮球迷们。

Hey, basketball fans.

我是史蒂夫·纳什。

Steve Nash here.

准备好提升你的篮球智商了吗？

Ready to elevate your basketball IQ?

我将与勒布朗·詹姆斯合作，为你带来最新一季的《Mind the Game》，我们将带你前所未有地深入篮球世界。

I'm teaming up with LeBron James to bring you the latest season of mind the game, and we're about to take you deeper into basketball than you've ever gone before.

现在就在YouTube、Prime Video上观看《Mind the Game》，或在任何你获取播客的地方收听。

Watch mind the game now on YouTube, Prime Video, or listen wherever you get your podcasts.

大卫·西尔弗曼，欢迎来到《美国历史讲述者》。

David Silverman, welcome to American History Tellers.

谢谢

Thank you

邀请我参加

for having me.

在我们回到17世纪初期之前，我想先问一个更宏观的问题：你为什么想写关于万帕诺亚格人和清教徒的故事？

So before we head to the early seventeenth century, I'd like to ask you a a bigger picture question about why you wanted to write about the Wampanoags and the Pilgrims.

你认为他们的故事中有哪些是尚未被讲述的？

What did you think was in their story that hadn't already been told?

早在2005年，我写了第一本关于马萨葡萄园岛万帕诺亚格人的书，讲述他们如何在殖民主义中幸存下来。

Back in 2005, I wrote my first book about the Wampanoag people of Martha's Vineyard and how they managed to survive colonialism.

在进行这项研究的过程中，我与现代万帕诺亚格人进行了多次对话。

And in the course of doing that research, I had numerous conversations with modern day Wampanoag people.

这些对话中反复出现的一个话题是，感恩节对他们来说是多么艰难，尤其是对孩子们而言。

And what kept coming up in these conversations was how difficult Thanksgiving was for them and particularly for the kids.

他们说，那个关于原住民欢迎英国人来到他们的土地从而建立美国的神话感恩节故事，淡化了万帕诺亚格人自身被殖民和剥夺的历史，对吧？

What they say is the mythical Thanksgiving of native people welcoming the English into their country so that they can form The United States makes light of the Wampanoag people's own colonization, their dispossession, right?

更重要的是，他们说在学校里，老师们反复讲授这个神话般的第一个感恩节时，总说那些欢迎清教徒的原住民现在已经全部消失了，而万帕诺亚格族的孩子们就坐在教室里听着这些课程。

You know, what's more, they say that in the schools, teachers who are teaching about this mythical first Thanksgiving say repeatedly that the native people who welcomed the pilgrims are now all gone, and Wampanoag kids have heard these lessons while they're sitting there in the classroom.

因此我想写一本书，将万帕诺亚格人置于这段历史的中心，并将这段历史与他们至今仍在抗争的殖民主义长期斗争联系起来。

And so I wanted to write a book that put Wampanoag people at the center of this history, and that connected that history to their long term struggles with colonialism up to this very day.

我写这本书的第二个原因是，国内几乎所有的中学教师都会讲到第一个感恩节。

Second reason I wrote this book is that almost every secondary teacher in the country addresses the first Thanksgiving.

这通常是原住民在中学甚至小学历史课程中唯一亮相的内容。

It's usually the one cameo that native people make in the secondary school and even primary school history curriculum.

然而大多数讲授这个主题的教师对其知之甚少。

Yet most of the teachers who address this subject don't know much about it.

所以我想，如果我写一本他们能看懂的书，就能让数百万学童接触到更准确的历史。

And so I figured if I wrote a book that was accessible to them, I could reach millions and millions of school kids with a much more accurate history.

我在研究这段早期殖民历史时经常发现，我们会认识一些在殖民地建立前就通过某种接触认识英国人的角色。

One of the things that happens often when I've been exploring this early colonial history is we are introduced to characters who know the English through some sort of prior interaction before the colony started.

这在詹姆斯敦如此，在普利茅斯也是如此。

This is true in Jamestown, and it's true in Plymouth.

在我们的系列中，我们遇到了斯匡托，他曾与欧洲人和英国人有过接触，并且会说英语。

In our series, we meet Squanto, who had encounters with the Europeans and the English and spoke English.

你能谈谈在1620年清教徒到来之前，万帕诺亚格人与欧洲人的接触经历吗？包括斯匡托在那之前发生了什么？

Can you speak a bit to the Wampanoag experience with Europeans prior to the Pilgrims arriving in 1620, including, I guess, what happened to Squanto before then?

当然。

Sure.

你提到了一个更重要的观点，即在几乎每一个早期殖民地的建立过程中，我们所想象的第一次接触根本就不是那么回事。

You allude to a bigger point, which is that in almost every early colonial founding, what we imagine as a first contact is nothing of the sort.

要知道，万帕诺亚格人在五月花号抵达前整整一个世纪就已经与欧洲人有了接触。

You know, the Wampanoags are in contact with Europeans for a full century before the arrival of the Mayflower.

他们与欧洲人的首次有记载的接触是在1524年。

The first documented contact between them and Europeans is 1524.

普利茅斯建立于1620年。

Plymouth is founded in 1620.

那是一段很长的时间，这些接触在某些情况下每年都会发生好几次。

That's a long time, and these encounters are happening regularly, several times a year in some cases.

通常，当双方相遇时，他们都有贸易往来的兴趣。

Generally, when the two parties meet, they're interested in trade.

万帕诺亚格人及所有沿海原住民都极其渴望获得这些欧洲人携带的商品。

The Wampanoags and all coastal native people are deeply interested in acquiring the goods that these Europeans carry.

这里需要指出的是，原住民当时并不掌握金属冶炼技术。

And, you know, here, I think it's important to note native people did not have metal.

他们没有金属工具。

They didn't have metal tools.

在这方面他们实质上仍处于石器时代，而万帕诺亚格人渴望获得金属制品——铜壶、钢斧、剪刀、刀具、武器、布料、玻璃珠等物品。

They're effectively a stone age people in that respect, and Wampanoags want metal goods, copper kettles, steel axes, scissors, knives, weaponry, cloth, glass beads, and the like.

欧洲人则主要寻求毛皮，尤其是狐狸皮、貂皮和海狸皮。

Europeans want furs, fox, marten, beaver pelts above all.

这些毛皮在欧洲能卖出高价。

They fetch a high price in Europe.

以及新鲜食物和饮用水。

Fresh food and water.

因此双方被吸引到了一起。

So the two parties are drawn together.

万帕诺亚格人面临的问题是，欧洲人还想要人，他们经常抓捕原住民，有时是为了带回欧洲培养成翻译和向导。

Problem for the Wampanoags is that the Europeans also want people, and they very often will capture native people, sometimes because they want to bring them back to Europe to train as interpreters and guides.

但其他时候，他们抓捕的目的是将其卖到欧洲当奴隶。

But at other times, they're capturing them with the intent of selling them into slavery back in Europe.

以斯匡托为例，这位普利茅斯与万帕诺亚格人之间的关键翻译和调解人，于1614年被一位名叫托马斯·亨特的英国船长俘虏，这并非首次发生。

So in the case of Squanto, the key interpreter and mediator between Plymouth and the Wampanoags, he's taken captive in 1614 by an English captain named Thomas Hunt, and this is not the first time this has happened.

此前已多次发生类似事件，事实上在1611年，一位名叫伊帕瑙的万帕诺亚格人被英国人抓获并带到英格兰，三年后，他设法通过承诺带领英国人找到玛莎葡萄园岛上的黄金而密谋返回。

It had happened multiple times before, and indeed in 1611, a Wampanoag named Ipanau is captured by the English, brought to England, and three years later, he manages to connive his way back by promising to lead the English to gold on the island Martha's Vineyard.

玛莎葡萄园岛上根本没有黄金。

There's no gold on the island Martha's Vineyard.

至于斯匡托，我们不确定他究竟是如何落入托马斯·亨特之手的。

In the case of Squanto, how exactly he came into Thomas Hunt's possession, we're not sure.

我们怀疑亨特以贸易为诱饵，将他引诱上船或到岸边，然后给他戴上了镣铐。

What we suspect is that Hunt had lured him on board or to the shoreline under the pretense of trade and then clasped him in irons.

斯宽托只是亨特在这次扫荡行动中捕获的沿海地区20多名原住民之一。

And Squanto was just one of more than 20 native people along the coast who Hunt captures during this dragnet.

随后亨特横渡大西洋，将这批'人货'卖到了西班牙的马拉加。

Hunt then sails across the Atlantic and sells his human catch to Malaga, Spain.

在这二十多名万帕诺亚格人中，唯有斯宽托获得了自由。

Squanto alone among these two dozen plus Wampanoags goes free.

我们并不清楚具体原因。

We don't exactly know how.

我们怀疑是一位西班牙修士释放了他。

We suspect a Spanish friar had freed him.

印第安奴隶制在西班牙帝国是明令禁止的，但西班牙人经常违法行事。

Indian slavery was officially illegal in the Spanish empire, but Spaniards routinely broke the law.

但无论如何，斯宽托成功获得了自由，不知怎的——我们不清楚具体过程——他在西班牙与英国商人取得了联系，设法到了伦敦，随后被一位名叫约翰·斯兰尼的英国人收留，此人参与了纽芬兰的殖民活动。

But in any case, Squanto manages to go free, and somehow, we don't know how, he falls into contact with English merchants in Spain, manages to get to London, and then falls into the possession of an Englishman named John Slaney, who was involved in colonization efforts in Newfoundland.

在接下来的几年里，斯宽托深度参与了斯兰尼的商业活动。

Over the next several years, Squanto is thoroughly involved in Slaney's enterprises.

斯匡托曾两次往返纽芬兰。

Twice Squanto travels to Newfoundland and back.

在这段时期，他甚至可能去过弗吉尼亚，那时正值英国早期对该地的殖民阶段。

He might have even gone to Virginia during this period of time, during the early English colonization of that place.

最终，斯匡托成功说服了托马斯·德默船长——斯莱尼的亲密伙伴——将他带回新英格兰，以此推动英国在该地区的殖民计划。

And ultimately, Squanto manages to convince a captain named Thomas Dermer, who is a close associate of Slaney's, to bring him back to New England as a means of promoting English colonization schemes in the area.

因此，斯匡托于1619年回到了万帕诺亚格领地，就在五月花号抵达前六个月，结束了多年的海外漂泊。

And so Squanto ends up back in Wampanoag territory in 1619, just six months before the arrival in Mayflower after years abroad.

我很好奇，你认为原住民文化在旅途中对英国人有哪些了解？

I'm curious what you think native cultures learned about the English on their travels.

他们被英国人征用去了解原住民文化。

They were pressed into service by the English to learn about native culture.

原住民文化对欧洲文化有哪些认识？

What did the native cultures learn about European culture?

嗯，他们了解到这些人数量庞大，其社会组织规模完全超越了美洲原住民的社会结构。

Well, they learn that these people are incredibly numerous, that they're organized on a scale that utterly eclipses the social organization of native America.

当万帕诺亚格人作为一个政体或部落聚集时，最大的美洲原住民政体最多只有3万人。

When the Wampanoags met as a polity or tribe, the largest Native American polities were at most 30,000 people.

返回家园的原住民经常评论他们在欧洲社会目睹的巨大不平等。

Native people who return home routinely comment on the vast inequalities that they witnessed in European society.

而且，要知道，这些原住民大多是在相当精英的社会圈层中活动的。

And, you know, let's keep in mind, you know, most of these native people are traveling in pretty elite social circles.

斯宽托在伦敦期间与约翰·斯莱尼同住，他活跃于英国社会的最高阶层。

Squanto is living with John Slaney while he's in London, and he's operating in some of the highest ranks of English society.

因此他见识到了英国精英阶层的财富与辉煌。

So he sees the wealth and the grandeur of the English elite.

他也看到了住所门外成群结队的贫民，这无疑给他留下了深刻印象，就像给这一时期前往欧洲的大多数原住民留下的印象一样。

He also can see that masses of teeming poor outside the gates of the places where he's staying and undoubtedly made an impression on him just as it made an impression on most native people who traveled to Europe during this period of time.

他们评论说这种不平等现象在他们自己的社会中是完全不可接受的，并且不理解这些社会的穷人为何不烧毁精英的住宅并割开他们的喉咙。

They comment that such inequality would be totally inexcusable in their own society, and they don't understand how the poor of these societies don't set fire to the elites' homes and slit their throats.

他们根本无法理解这种现象。

They simply cannot grasp it.

他们还意识到，正如我之前讲过的关于万帕诺亚格俘虏伊帕瑙的轶事，他比斯匡托更早成功返回家园。

What they also grasp, and, you know, I told you this anecdote about the Wampanoag captive Ipanau, who manages to make it home in advance of Squanto doing the same thing.

伊帕内尔发现，对黄金的贪欲让这些人野心勃勃到疯狂的地步。

Ipanel has figured out that a lust for gold makes these people mad with ambition.

所以他们已经了解到关于这些人的一些重要事实。

So they've learned some really important things about these people.

但他们还认识到另一点，这让原住民也产生了觊觎之心。

But they've also learned one other thing, which makes native people covetous.

这些人拥有惊人的军事技术，如果原住民能掌握这些技术，将在部落间事务中获得强大力量。

These folks have incredible military technology, which if native people can harness themselves, will make them powerful in their own intertribal affairs.

因此，与这些原本残酷的人接触具有真正的吸引力。

And so that's a real appeal of contact with these otherwise ruthless people.

于是，在多年漂泊后，斯匡托遇到了同意带他返回科德角地区的托马斯·德默船长。

So Squanto, after years away, finds captain Thomas Dermer, who agrees to take him back to the Cape Cod area.

正如你提到的，这正好发生在清教徒登陆之前。

And as you mentioned, this is just before the Pilgrims land.

斯宽托最终回到家时发现了什么？

What did Squanto find when he finally got home?

斯宽托无疑期待着一个温暖的归乡，与家人朋友的重聚。

Squanto undoubtedly was anticipating a warm homecoming, a reunion with family and friends.

然而他踏入的却是一场浩劫。

And instead he wanders into an apocalypse.

确实没有更好的方式来描述这一场景。

There's really no better way to express it.

1616至1619年间，一种来源不明的欧洲流行疾病开始肆虐新英格兰南部的原住民，从北部的缅因州萨科河到南部的罗德岛纳拉甘西特湾东岸。受害最深的两大群体分别是现今马萨诸塞州东南部的万帕诺亚格人，以及马萨诸塞湾周边（即现今波士顿一带）的马萨诸塞族人。

Between 1616 and 1619, an unidentified European epidemic disease starts knifing its way through native people in Southern New England, from the Saco River Of Maine on the North to the East Side Of Narragansett Bay in modern day Rhode Island in the South, and the two groups of people who suffer the most are the Wampanoags of what's now Southeastern Massachusetts and the Massachusetts people of Massachusetts Bay, right around the modern day city of Boston.

我们尚不确定这种疾病的具体种类。

The identity of the disease, we don't know.

我高度怀疑这是天花。

I strongly suspect it was smallpox.

可以确定的是，这场疾病摧毁了无数社区。

What we do know is that this disease eviscerated numerous communities.

当我说‘彻底摧毁’时，指的是完全灭绝，幸存者四散逃往邻近部落，很可能在逃亡过程中又将疾病传播了出去。

And when I say eviscerated, I mean completely wiped them out, and any survivors scattered to neighboring communities and probably communicated the disease in the course of doing so.

整个汤顿河谷——万帕诺亚格人的主要聚居地，从现今普利茅斯市以西一直延伸到如今罗德岛普罗维登斯所在的纳拉甘西特湾——

The entire Taunton River Valley, which was the main artery of the Wampanoag people, It stretches from just west of modern day Plymouth into Narragansett Bay where Providence, Rhode Island is located today.

根据所有记载，这里曾遍布土著村落，后来的英国殖民者能从清理出的玉米田痕迹判断出这一点。

By all accounts, it had once been full of native villages, and, you know, later English colonists can tell because the woods are all cleared for cornfields.

如今已空无一人。

It was empty of people.

而在那些被摧毁的社区中，就包括斯匡托的家乡帕图西特。

And among the communities that's wiped out is Squanto's home community of Patuxet.

我并不是说帕图西特的所有人都死了。

Now I'm not suggesting everyone from Patuxet was dead.

我们从五月花号乘客的记录中得知，斯匡托实际上在附近的社区找到了一些亲戚。

We know from the records of the Mayflower passengers that Squanto actually managed to find some of his relatives in nearby communities.

但找到部分亲戚并不意味着找到了所有亲人。

But some of his relatives is not all of his relatives.

毫无疑问，他的大多数家人、朋友和熟人都已不在人世。

Unquestionably, most of his family and friends and acquaintances were now dead.

因此，当斯宽托接近海岸线准备返乡时，我们必须假设他心中充满希望与焦虑。

So as Squanto is approaching the shoreline for his homecoming, we have to assume he's full of hope and anxiety.

希望是因为他已离乡多年。

Hope because he's been away for years.

对吧？

Right?

他极度渴望与亲人们重新取得联系。

And he desperately wants to reconnect with loved ones.

焦虑则是因为他可能已听闻一场可怕的疾病袭击了海岸地区。

Anxiety because he probably would have heard that a terrible disease had struck the coast.

英国人此前已对此有所评论。

Englishman had already commented on that point.

那么当他最终在帕图克西特登陆时，他看到了什么？

So when he finally lands at Patuxent, what does he see?

根据英国目击者的描述，我们有多份记录显示，那个地方就像一个倒置的墓地。

Well, according to English eyewitness accounts, and we multiple of them, the place was like an inverted graveyard.

死者的骨头、骸骨和头颅散落得到处都是。

The bones, the skeletons, the skulls of the dead were littered all over the landscape.

这揭示了一个深刻的事实。

And that tells you something profound.

这表明人们是在恐慌中逃离的，因为土著居民向来对逝者的遗骸极为尊重。

That tells you that the people fled in a panic because native people treated the remains of their dead with great respect.

他们绝不会就这样任其暴露在外。

They would never just leave them standing there.

换句话说，斯匡托明白他的族人遭遇了一场史诗级的灾难。

You know, in other words, know, Squanto knows that just a tragedy of epic proportions has struck his people.

现在他迫切想找到幸存者，了解发生了什么，以及他在这个世界的立足之地将在何处。

Now he's desperate to find if there are any survivors, to hear about what had happened, and where his base in the world is going to be.

短短几年间，Ozempic就从一种糖尿病药物变成了全球现象。

In just a few years Ozempic has gone from a diabetes drug to a global phenomenon.

但在奇迹般疗效的背后，另一场较量正在激烈进行。

But behind the miracle claims, another battle is raging.

需求激增，供应却跟不上节奏，诺和诺德制药公司正竭力增产，而其竞争对手礼来公司则全力争夺王座。

Demand is exploding, supply can't keep up, and as drugmaker Novo Nordisk scrambles to produce more, its rival Eli Lilly is racing to take the crown.

与此同时，一个更黑暗的市场正在浮现。

Meanwhile, a darker market is emerging.

不法网络商家正在兜售廉价的非正规仿制品。

Shady online sellers are offering cheap unregulated knockoffs.

如今数百万人正注射着未经FDA监管的来历不明药剂。

Now millions are injecting mystery vials with no FDA oversight.

我是《商业战争》的主持人大卫·布朗。

I'm David Brown, host of Business Wars.

在本季节目中，我们将深入探讨Ozempic的研发竞赛，以及制药巨头之间这场价值数十亿美元的对决。

In our latest season, we're diving into the race to Ozempic and the billion dollar showdown between big pharma's biggest players.

他们能否在问题药剂摧毁一切之前，解决供应缺口？

Can they close the supply gap before one bad vial destroys everything?

请确保在Wondery应用或你获取播客的任何平台关注《商业战争》。

Make sure to follow Business Wars on the Wondery app or wherever you get your podcasts.

你现在就可以在Wondery Plus上提前无广告连播收听《商业战争》的所有剧集。

You can binge all episodes of Business Wars early and ad free right now on Wondery Plus.

1993年，阿肯色州西孟菲斯市有三名八岁男孩被残忍杀害。

In 1993, three eight year old boys were brutally murdered in West Memphis, Arkansas.

当小镇当地警方艰难破案时，很快有传言称这些谋杀是撒旦邪教所为。

As the small town local police struggled to solve the crime, rumors soon spread that the killings were the work of a satanic cult.

嫌疑落在了三名青少年身上，但没有确凿证据将他们与谋杀案联系起来。

Suspicion landed on three teenagers, but there was no real evidence linking them to the murders.

尽管如此，这也没能保护他们。

Still, that would not protect them.

大家好，我是林赛·格雷厄姆，Wondery节目《美国丑闻》的主持人。

Hi, I'm Lindsey Graham, the host of Wondery Show American Scandal.

我们为您呈现美国历史上一些最大的争议事件。

We bring to life some of the biggest controversies in US history.

总统谎言、环境灾难、企业欺诈。

Presidential lies, environmental disasters, corporate fraud.

在我们的最新系列中，三名青少年被错误指控犯下一起残忍的三重谋杀案。

In our latest series, three teenage boys are falsely accused of a vicious triple homicide.

但他们的故事并未随着审判或定罪而结束。

But their story doesn't end with their trials or convictions.

相反，他们的困境将激发整个国家的想象力，并引发一场持续近二十年的正义运动。

Instead, their plight will capture the imagination of the entire country and spark a campaign for justice that will last for almost two decades.

在Wondria或你获取播客的任何平台关注《美国丑闻》。

Follow American Scandal on the Wondria or wherever you get your podcasts.

你现在就可以在Wondria Plus上提前无广告观看《美国丑闻：西孟菲斯三人案》的所有剧集。

You can binge all episodes of American Scandal the West Memphis three early and ad free right now on Wondria Plus.

斯宽托设法在1620年清教徒登陆前回到了帕图西特。

So Squanto manages to return to Patuxet just before the Pilgrims landed in 1620.

谈谈万帕诺亚格人最初在清教徒登陆后是如何接近他们的。

Talk about how the Wampanoags approached the pilgrims initially after their landing.

嗯，万帕诺亚格人对如何处置这些五月花号乘客感到矛盾。

Well, the Wampanoags are conflicted about what to do with these Mayflower passengers.

当五月花号首次在科德角附近登陆时，令英国人惊讶的是他们找不到任何原住民。

When the Mayflower first lands off of Cape Cod, one of the things that strikes the English is they can't find any native people.

部分原因在于科德角那片区域的万帕诺亚格人会在温暖的夏季种植季节居住在外，但在寒冷的狩猎季节会撤回内陆森林。

Now part of that has to do with the fact that in that part of Cape Cod, Wampanoags would live out there during the warm months of summer, during planting season, but would withdraw inland to the forest during the cold weather for hunting season.

但这并非唯一因素。

But that's not the only factor here.

他们对这些新来者保持警惕。

They're wary of these newcomers.

他们还不确定该如何应对，因此正在观望。

They don't know quite yet what to do with them, and so they're biding their time.

在英国人抵达的最初几周里，有过几次隐秘的接触。

There are a few furtive encounters during the first couple of weeks that the English are on the scene.

英国人开始四处探索。

The English go exploring.

他们发现了一个万帕诺亚格人的夏季营地，并洗劫了那个地方。

They find a Wampanoag summer camp, and they ransack the place.

事实上，他们甚至挖开了几座坟墓，这种亵渎他人坟墓的行为实在是一种极其恶劣的初次见面方式。

Indeed, they disinter a burial, a couple of burials, in fact, which is a really lousy way to introduce yourself to foreigners by desecrating their graves.

他们偷走了一些埋藏的玉米种子，这些种子后来成为英国人第一次丰收的基础，但他们始终找不到当地人。

They steal some buried seed corn that will become the basis for the first harvest that the English enjoy, but they can't find any people.

英国人派出几支探险队探查这片领土，确实在沙滩上遇到了几个带着狗的万帕诺亚格男子，试图招呼他们时，这些原住民迅速逃开了。

The English send out some exploring parties to probe the territory, and they do encounter a couple of Wampanoag men walking on the beach with their dogs, and try to hail them down, and the Wampanoags take off.

他们几乎肯定害怕这些英国人会用锁链把他们铐起来，运到别处去。

They're almost certainly afraid that these Englishmen are gonna clasp them in chains and ferry them away somewhere.

后来，英国人的探险队在沙滩上扎营时，遭到了一小队万帕诺亚格战士的袭击。

Later on, the English are camped on a beach, the exploring party that is, and they come under attack by a small band of Wampanoag warriors.

英国人在科德角遇到的少数万帕诺亚格人所表现出的敌意和恐惧，是他们决定寻找新定居点的原因之一。

The hostility and trepidation that the English meet from the few Wampanoags that they encounter on Cape Cod is one of the reasons that they decide to find a new place to settle.

他们最终选择普利茅斯，是因为那里的原住民已被消灭，土地也已清理干净可供耕种。

They choose Plymouth ultimately because the native people have been wiped out there, and the land is already cleared for planting.

在此，有必要先交代清教徒到来前部落间的背景情况。

And here, it's important to set the intertribal context in the run up to the Pilgrim's arrival.

万帕诺亚格人可能在1616至1619年的瘟疫中损失惨重，但他们西部的纳拉甘西特宿敌却未染病。

The Wampanoags might have suffered enormously from the epidemic of sixteen sixteen to 1619, but their Narragansett rivals to the West did not contract the disease.

因此在万帕诺亚格部落衰败之际，纳拉甘西特人开始征服他们，迫使其成为附庸。

And so in the wake of the Wampanoag's devastation, the Narragansetts begin conquering the Wampanoags and subjugating them to the status of tributaries.

换句话说，就是要求他们每年向纳拉甘西特首领进贡，并为其军事行动提供战士。

In other words, you know, requiring them to pay an annual tribute to Narragansett leaders and contribute warriors to the Narragansett's own military campaigns.

所以当五月花号乘客抵达科德角时，万帕诺亚格人面临几个选择。

So when the Mayflower passengers arrive off of Cape Cod, the Wontonogs are facing a couple of choices.

一方面，他们知道这些英国人长期有绑架杀害万帕诺亚格人的历史。

You know, on the one hand, they know that these English people have a long history of kidnapping and killing Wampanoag people.

因此许多万帕诺亚格人主张消灭这些新来者。

And as such, many Wampanoag people are in favor of wiping out these newcomers.

他们认为这个险不值得冒。

They say this is not a danger worth risking.

另一方面，万帕诺亚格人见识过英国武器和士兵的威力。

On the other hand, Wampanoag people have seen the potency of English weaponry and English soldiers.

斯宽托曾去过英国并返回，他能证明这是一个强大的民族。

Squanto has been to England and back and can say, look, this is a formidable people.

如果我们能争取他们站在我们这边，那将对我们有利。

If we can win them to our side, that would be to our advantage.

最终的争论是：我们应该尝试与这些人结盟对抗纳拉甘西特人，还是应该把他们赶回海里，接受纳拉甘西特人的奴役？

And ultimately, the debate is, should we try to ally with these people against the Narragansetts, or should we push them back into the sea and accept subjugation to the Narragansetts?

最终，与这些人结盟的主张占了上风。

Ultimately, allying with these people wins out.

这就是万帕诺亚格人的领袖乌萨马昆（更为人熟知的名字是马萨索伊特）所采取的立场。

That's position that the Wampanoag's leader, Usamaquin or Masasoyed, as he's better known, makes.

但并非所有万帕诺亚格人都认同这个决定。

But it is not a decision that all Wampanoags agree with.

我对万帕诺亚格人的政治很感兴趣。

I'm interested in the politics of the Wampanoags.

你提到有些人不同意最终与英国人结盟的决定，但请跟我们谈谈这些决策是如何做出的，我想这就要介绍到萨赫姆·马萨索伊特了。

You mentioned that some people didn't agree with the ultimate decision to ally with the English, But talk to us about how these decisions are made, and I guess this gets into an introduction to the Sachem, Massasoit.

虽然我们没有现场目击者，但我们对原住民政体的一般运作方式以及万帕诺亚格政体有时如何运作有足够了解，可以做出一些有根据的推测。

Well, we don't have any eyewitnesses on the scene, but we know enough about how native polities in general worked and how the Wampanoag polity sometimes worked to make some educated guesses.

因此，马萨索伊特或乌苏米克温应被视为万帕诺亚格众领袖中的首席。

So Massasoit or Usumikwin should be considered first among equals among other Wampanoag leaders.

每个村庄社区或萨赫姆领地都有一位首领或萨赫姆。

Every village community or sachem ship had a chief or a sachem.

当一系列地方萨赫姆领地为应对外来危机而结成联盟时，他们通常会听从我们可称之为至高萨赫姆或大首领的领导。

When a series of local sachem ships banded together in confederacy, usually to meet a foreign emergency, they would defer to the leader of what we might call a paramount sachem or a great chief.

那就是乌苏米克温或马萨索伊特。

That's Usumikwin or Massasoit.

当乌苏米克温或马萨索伊特就如何对待英国人做决策时，他会召集其他社区的萨赫姆举行会议，人们会共同商议。

When Usumikwin or Massasoit is making a decision about what to do with the English, what he would do is call the sachem's from other communities together in council, and the people would talk about it.

他们会咨询被称为'波瓦'的萨满巫师。

They would consult their shamans known as Powwows.

这就是'powwow'一词的由来，他们试图占卜出最佳的前进方向。

That's where the word powwow comes from and try to divine the best way forward.

决策并非通过多数表决来制定。

Decisions weren't made by majority vote.

目标始终是达成共识。

The goal was always to achieve consensus.

因此，结果就是不断出现裂痕。

So as a result, there's constant fissures.

所以当乌苏米库和/或马萨索伊特设法就如何对待英国人达成大致共识时，他始终意识到队伍中存在可能试图分裂的异议者。

So when Usumiku and or Matsasoyet manages to achieve a rough consensus about what to do with the English, He is always aware that there are dissidents within the ranks who might try to break away.

事实上，在接下来的几年里，万帕诺亚格政体中不断发生小规模叛乱，一些当地酋长想要与纳拉甘西特人结盟，消灭这个年轻的英国殖民地。

And indeed, over the next several years, there are constant minor rebellions within the Wampanoag polity by local Sachems who want to side with the Narragansetts and wipe out this young English colony.

英国人和马萨索伊特在早期关系中的一个优势就是有斯昆托担任翻译。

So one of the advantages that both the English and Massasoit had in these early relations is Squanto as translator.

但他是个好翻译吗？

But was he a good translator?

怀疑逐渐滋生。

There was suspicion growing.

他是否是自己民族的优秀外交官？

Was he a good diplomat for his people?

我的感觉是斯宽托的英语非常好。

My sense is that Squanto's English is very good.

问题始终在于他是在忠实地为两个民族进行翻译，还是在根据自身政治目的调整信息内容。

The question was always whether he was faithfully translating between the two peoples or whether he was tailoring the message to his own political ends.

马萨索伊特很快怀疑斯宽托试图自立为一位大酋长，成为马萨索伊特的竞争对手。

Usumikorn of Massasoit suspects very quickly that what Squanto is trying to do is set himself up as a great sachem and a rival to Massasoit.

我们无从得知真相。

We just don't know.

我们确知的是，随着时间推移，能说两种语言的人不止斯宽托一个，而他一直在散布弥天大谎以恐吓万帕诺亚格人，声称只有他能应对危机。

What we do know, because eventually there's more than just Squanto who can speak both languages, is that Squanto has been spreading some whoppers of lies to try to terrify the Wampanoag people and claiming that only he can handle the emergency.

具体而言，他利用万帕诺亚格人对先前流行病的恐惧，声称英国人仓库里埋藏着一个装有疾病的盒子，他们可以随时释放这种疾病，而只有斯宽托本人能说服他们继续封存。

So in particular, what he says is playing on Wampanoag fears of the previous epidemic, that the English have a disease buried in a box in their storehouse and that they can release this disease whenever they want and that only Squanto himself can influence them to keep it buried.

他可能指的是火药。

What he's probably referring to is gunpowder.

英国人会埋藏火药以防火灾，他们不希望它被点燃。

What the English would do is keep gunpowder buried in the event that there was a fire, and they don't want it to ignite.

在其他时候，斯匡托在英方散布虚假谣言，称马萨索伊特被纳拉甘西特人俘虏，他不断试图制造危机，以便自己能解决这些问题，从而在万帕诺亚格人和英国人中都提升声望。

At other points, Squanto spreads false rumors among the English that Massasoit had been taken captive by the Narragansetts, and he's constantly trying to stoke crises so that he himself can bring them to a resolution, thus raising his reputation among both the Wampanoags and the English.

最终，马萨索伊特的乌苏米库要求处死斯匡托。

Eventually, Usumiku, a Massasoit is calling for Squanto's head.

他要求英国人要么自行处决斯匡托，要么将他交出来由马萨索伊特处决。

He demands the English to either execute him themselves or to hand him over so that Massasoit can execute him.

在这场危机达到顶点之前，斯匡托因病去世，尽管存在马萨索伊特下毒的可能性。

Before this emergency comes to a head, Squanto dies of a disease, though the possibility exists that Massasoit had him poisoned.

因此，斯匡托或许是万帕诺亚格人中不可靠的外交官，但英国人也有自己的代表——爱德华·温斯洛。

So Squanto is the perhaps unreliable diplomat for the Wampanoag, but the English had their own, Edward Winslow.

他们选择他作为代表与万帕诺亚格人交涉和访问。

They chose him as a representative to deal with and visit the Wampanoags.

他具备哪些胜任这项工作的技能？

What skills did he bring to the job?

温斯洛在英格兰时曾是一名印刷工，读过许多英国人和其他欧洲人关于他们在美洲冒险经历的叙述。

Winslow was a printer back in England and had read a number of narratives by Englishmen and other Europeans about their adventures in America.

因此他拥有一定的知识储备，能够胜任这种敏感的跨文化外交工作。

So he had a knowledge base to prepare him for this kind of sensitive intercultural diplomacy.

除此之外，就是个人特质了。

Other than that, it's just personal characteristics.

他是个勇敢的人。

He's a brave man.

没有其他更贴切的形容了。

There's no other way to put it.

要知道，他曾多次造访万帕诺亚格部落的社区。

You know, he visits Wampanoag communities.

这些地方对他而言完全陌生，在他的世界观里充斥着令他深深恐惧的魔鬼崇拜。

These are places that are utterly foreign to him, and that within his worldview are permeated by devil worship, which he deeply, deeply fears.

他将万帕诺亚格人的聚会视为撒旦的爪牙，视作巫师。

He views Wampanoag powwows as minions of Satan, as witches.

他时刻担心这些人会背后捅刀，却与莫西索亚迅速建立了融洽关系。

He's constantly afraid that these folks are gonna stick a knife in his back, and yet he develops a quick rapport with Mousesoia.

他们似乎真心喜欢并尊重彼此。

They seem to genuinely like and respect one another.

事实上，莫西索亚感染了最终夺走斯昆托生命的同种疾病。在他看似临终之际，他派信使到普利茅斯请温斯洛来见他。

Indeed, Mousesoia contracts the same disease that eventually kills Esquanto, And while he's seemingly on his deathbed, he sends a messenger to Plymouth for Winslow to visit him.

我认为最能体现温斯洛外交能力的时刻，就是马萨索伊特患病期间。

For me, I think the most illustrative moment of Winslow's abilities, his diplomatic abilities, comes during that bout of disease that Massasoit suffers.

温斯洛抵达马萨索伊特的村庄时，整个社区正处于仪式性的哀悼状态，人们认为马萨索伊特即将离世。

So, you know, Winslow shows up in Massasoit's village, and the entire community is in a state of ritual mourning believing that Massasoit is about to die.

温斯洛进入马萨索伊特养病的维图（或棚屋），立即开始为他治疗。

And so Winslow enters the Witu or the Wigwam where Massasoit is ailing and immediately begins doctoring him.

他照料马萨索伊特的肠道，清理他的便盆。

He tends to Massasoit's bowels, empties his chamber pot.

他掰开马萨索伊特的嘴，刮了刮他的舌头。

He opens up Massasoit's mouth and scrapes his tongue.

他为马萨索伊特准备食物，一碗鸭肉粥——我强烈不建议这么做。

He prepares food for Massasoit, a bowl of duck porridge, which I highly recommend against.

马萨索伊特坚持要吃，结果全吐了出来。

Massasoit insists upon it and ends up throwing it up.

不过最终，马萨索伊特康复了。

Eventually, though, Massasoit recovers.

康复后，他便请温斯洛为部落里其他患病的人治疗，而温斯洛照做了。

And when he does, he then recruits Winslow to doctor everyone else in the community who's sick, and Winslow does it.

用温斯洛自己的话说，这是个令人作呕的差事。

This is a nauseating exercise, as Winslow himself puts it.

但他还是坚持完成了。

And yet he follows through.

通过这一举动，他展现了极大的善意。

And in doing this, he demonstrates an enormous amount of goodwill.

他表明自己是个朋友，甚至可以被视为某种亲人。

He shows that he's a friend and and can even be considered something of a relative.

对吧？

Right?

亲人之间就是这样互相对待的。

This is how relatives treat one another.

所以他在整个事件中是个关键人物。

So he's an essential man in all this.

那么让我们最后来谈谈，我想就是我们所说的第一个感恩节，这次会面演变成的神话。

So let's finally turn to, I guess, what we call the first Thanksgiving, the myth that's become of this meeting.

在朝圣者们度过那个可怕的第一个冬天后，1621年举行了某种丰收盛宴。

After that terrible first winter for the Pilgrims, there is some sort of harvest feast in the 1621.

这场盛宴是怎么开始的？

How did this feast even begin?

公众通常会说，哦，你知道的，第一个感恩节是普利茅斯的清教徒邀请万帕诺亚格人共进晚餐。

So it's common for the public to say, oh, you know, the first Thanksgiving involved the Pilgrims of Plymouth inviting the Wampanoags to dinner.

事实并非如此。

That is not what happened.

真实情况是这样的。

What happened was this.

英国人收获了庄稼，这是他们自抵达以来第一次决定。

The English bring in their harvest, and they decide for the first time since they had arrived.

他们要花几天时间休息，庆祝自己幸存下来，并且现在有了通过自己劳动而非万帕诺亚格人提供的食物。

They're gonna take a couple of days and rest and celebrate the fact that they have survived and that they now have food to eat that they raised through their own labor rather than through the Wampanoags.

他们的娱乐活动包括民兵训练，即打靶练习。

And among their recreation is militia practice, target practice.

他们开始鸣枪射击。

They start firing off guns.

万帕诺亚格人听到枪声后，想起他们与英国人签订了军事同盟协议。

Well, the Wampanoags hear the gunfire, and the Wampanoags have a military alliance that they've negotiated with the English.

英国人的义务是在纳拉甘西特人进攻时保护万帕诺亚格人，而万帕诺亚格人的义务则是在纳拉甘西特人或法国人、西班牙人进攻时保护普利茅斯。

The English obligation is to come to the Wampanoags protection if the Narragansetts attack, but the Wampanoags obligation is to come to Plymouth's protection if the Narragansetts or, say, the French or the Spanish attack.

所以他们听到枪声后，万帕诺亚格人便大批出现了。

So that, you know, they hear the gunfire and then the Wampanoag show up in force.

90名武装人员在马萨索伊特亲自率领下到来。

90 of them show up armed men led by Massasoit himself.

这几乎是留在普利茅斯的殖民者人数的两倍。

This is almost twice the number of colonists who were left in Plymouth.

他们中太多人已经死去。

So many of them have died.

在几乎任何其他殖民场景中，如此多原住民出现在武装殖民者聚居地边缘，都会导致一场大屠杀。

In almost any other colonial setting, that many native people showing up at the edge of a colony where the colonists are armed would have resulted in a bloodbath.

但这里的情况并非如此。

But that's not what happened here.

两个民族之间已培养了足够的善意，因此没有发生误判。

Enough goodwill had been cultivated between the two people that nobody misfires.

而且必须明确的是，英国人其实别无选择——他们是万帕诺亚格领地上的客人。

And moreover, the English, and they really have no choice in the matter, let's be clear, they're guests in Wampanoag country.

他们对万帕诺亚格人说，何不留下来呢？

They say to the Wampanoags, why don't you stay?

于是万帕诺亚格人参与了这场盛宴，双方在接下来的几天里共进晚餐。

And so the Wampanoags contribute to the feast, and the two parties sup together for the next couple of days.

这就是整个事件的始末。

That's the entirety of the event.

在此我认为需要指出的是，过去几百年间，我们将这一事件神话成了万帕诺亚格人与英国人关系中的关键转折点。

And here, I think it's important to note, we have mythologized this event over the past few hundred years into this seminal moment in Wampanoag English relations.

双方后来都再未提及此事。

None of the parties ever mentioned it again.

对他们任何一方来说这似乎都不太重要，英国人几乎没怎么记载这件事。

It doesn't seem to have been very important to either one of them, and the English barely write about it.

你提到在其他任何殖民点，面对如此压倒性武装原住民力量的到来，都可能导致灭顶之灾。

You mentioned that this was a moment in which any other settlement would have been wiped out by the arrival of an overwhelming armed native force.

但能否详细解释下，为何万帕诺亚格人和英国人至少在当时能避免流血冲突？

But can you explain a bit more on why the Wampanoags and the English were able to avoid bloodshed at least for a while?

有几个因素使得这两个民族之间这种不安的和平持续了数十年。

There's a couple of factors that allow this uneasy peace between the two people to last for decades.

首先也是最重要的，正如我一直强调的，是万帕诺亚格人自身的绝望处境。

First and foremost, as I've been emphasizing, it's the Wampanoag's own desperation.

他们将英国人视为摆脱纳拉甘西特人统治、争取独立的助力，而且这确实奏效了。

They see the English as useful in their struggle for independence from the Narragansetts, and it works.

这才是最关键的。

That's really what's critical here.

它确实有效。

It does work.

至少有两次，英国人派遣军事人员协助马萨索伊特抵御纳拉甘西特人的进攻。

At least twice, the English send military men to assist Massasoit in fending off Narragansett attacks.

更重要的是，马萨索伊特确实成为了英国人与其他原住民贸易的关键中间人。

What's more, Massasoit does become the point man in English trade with other native people.

考古学家对马萨索伊特家乡村庄遗址进行了发掘，发现那里遍布着英国商品的遗迹。

Archaeological excavations have been done on the site of Massasoit's home village, and the place is littered with the remains of English goods.

另一个因素是普利茅斯殖民地在很长一段时间内规模小且无足轻重，那里也没有种植什么有利可图的作物。

Yet another factor is that Plymouth Colony is really small and insignificant for quite a long time, and there's no lucrative crop that's grown in Plymouth Colony.

你知道，在弗吉尼亚，詹姆斯敦建立后短短几年内，英国人发现了烟草的利润，随后移民开始涌入殖民地，并开始侵占波瓦坦印第安人的土地，从而引发了战争。

You know, in Virginia, within a handful of years of the founding of Jamestown, the English discover the profitability of tobacco, whereupon migrants begin streaming into the colony, and they begin overrunning the Powhatan Indian people's land, thus prompting war.

这在普利茅斯并未发生。

That doesn't happen in Plymouth.

普利茅斯是个无足轻重的地方。

Plymouth is a nothing place.

它的人口一直很少。

Its population remains low.

在普利茅斯存在的最初几十年里，其领土边界并未显著扩张。

Its territorial boundaries do not expand dramatically in the first couple of decades of Plymouth's existence.

最后，是那些培育了这一联盟的人——马萨索伊特，以及在普利茅斯的威廉·布拉德福德。

And then finally, the men who cultivated this alliance, Massasoia and, in the case of Plymouth, William Bradford.

爱德华·温斯洛最终回到了英格兰。

Edward Winslow ends up going back to England.

但要知道，威廉·布拉德福德统治普利茅斯殖民地长达数十年。

But, you know, William Bradford rules Plymouth Colony for decades.

因此上层保持着稳定，这对维持和平至关重要，因为最终英国人确实开始以万帕诺亚格人的利益为代价进行扩张。

And so there's stability at the top, and that matters enormously to keeping the peace because eventually, the English do start expanding at Wampanoag expense.

我是Indravama，在本季《间谍档案》最新一集中，我们将揭秘曾甩掉克格勃追捕的间谍奥列格·戈尔季耶夫斯基的档案。

I'm Indravama, and in the latest season of The Spy Who, we open the file on Oleg Gordievsky, the spy who outran the KGB.

作为苏联权力核心的一颗新星，戈尔季耶夫斯基秘密向军情六处输送克里姆林宫最致命的机密。

A rising star in the heart of Soviet power, Gordievsky is secretly feeding MI6 the Kremlin's deadliest secrets.

十一年间，他行走在刀锋边缘，揭露克格勃的威胁，加速了冷战结束，并帮助避免了核毁灭。

For eleven years, he walked a razor's edge, exposing KGB threats that hastened the Cold War's end and helped prevent nuclear annihilation.

但克格勃也有自己的内线。

But the KGB have a mole of their own.

当他们发现真相时，戈尔季耶夫斯基的世界崩塌了。

When they discover the truth, Gordievsky's world collapses.

军情六处制定了一个孤注注一ale, high stakes plan to smuggle him out of Moscow, an escape that could rewrite history.

MI6 hatch a desperate, high stakes plan to smuggle him out of Moscow, an escape that could rewrite history.

在Wondery应用或任何你收听播客的平台关注《The Spy Who》，或者通过Wondery Plus提前无广告畅听完整季《The Spy Who Outran the KGB》。

Follow The Spy Who on the Wondery app or wherever you listen to podcasts, or you can binge the full season of The Spy Who Outran the KGB early and ad free with Wondery Plus.

好的，Carrie。

Okay, Carrie.

准备好了吗？

You ready?

快。

Quick.

快。

Quick.

快。

Quick.

列出三件你绝不会送给牛仔的礼物。

List three gifts you'd never give a cowboy.

蕾丝短袜、钻石手链，还有一张丝芙兰的礼品卡。

Lacey Bobby socks, a diamond bracelet, and a a gift certificate to Sephora.

天啊。

Oh my god.

这太离谱了，Carrie。

That's outrageous, Carrie.

哦，等等。

Oh, wait.

我们正在录制广告。

We're recording a commercial right now.

我们得告诉他们为什么要这么做。

We gotta tell them why we're doing this.

哦，对。

Oh, yeah.

抱歉，播客听众们。

Sorry, pod listeners.

好的。

Okay.

我们是五个相识五百万年的好闺蜜，我们都热爱游戏。

So we're five besties who've been friends for five million years, and we love games.

所以，我们当然要制作自己的

So, of course, we made our

游戏。

own.

它叫做快快快。

It's called quick quick quick.

你只需抽一张卡片，然后让你的搭档回答一个离谱问题的三个答案。

You just pick a card and have your partner give three answers to an outrageous question.

它快速、有趣、精彩，还有一大堆其他搞笑的形容词。

It's fast, fun, fantastic, and a bunch of other funny adjectives.

任何人都可以玩。

Anyone can play.

你妈妈、你爸爸、你的小猫、你的孩子、你的埃德娜阿姨，甚至你的肉店老板都可以玩。

Your mom, your dad, your kitten, your kids, your auntie Edna, and even your butcher.