特朗普的关税政策已增收数十亿，这些资金流向何处？

嗨，我是莎米塔。有个小请求：如果《苹果今日新闻》是你晨间必备，请在苹果播客关注节目。若再有三十秒空闲，不妨给我们打个分写个评。

Hey there. It's Shamita. I've got a quick request for you. If Apple News today is an essential part of your morning routine, follow the show in Apple Podcasts. And if you have another thirty seconds, leave us a rating and a review too.

这能帮更多人发现我们节目，也让我们了解您喜欢的部分。谢谢。早上好，今天是8月7日周四，我是莎米塔·巴苏。

It helps other people find our show, and it helps us know what you like about it. Thanks. Good morning. It's Thursday, August 7. I'm Shamita Basu.

这里是《苹果今日新闻》。本期内容：共和党议员正竭力向选民推销特朗普的巨额支出法案；卷入移民清查的美国公民；野火潜伏的健康代价。但首先，自今日起近70个国家将因与美国贸易面临至少10%附加关税——对美贸易逆差国税率达15%，少数国家更高。

This is Apple News Today. On today's show, Republican lawmakers are feeling the pressure to sell voters on Trump's big beautiful spending bill. The US citizens caught up in immigration sweeps and the hidden health costs of wildfires. But first, as of today, nearly 70 countries will face at least an extra 10% tariff as the price of doing business with The US. For countries with a trade deficit with The US, it's more like 15%, and for a select few countries, it's much more.

印度正是其中之一。因乌克兰战争爆发后持续进口俄罗斯油气，印度现需承受25%关税，未来数周或将再增25%作为惩罚。总统多次强调这些关税既是他国对美妥协的施压手段，也是其国内议程的关键财源。今天我们将盘点特朗普关税迄今的创收规模、资金流向及长期影响。CNN经济记者伊丽莎白·巴克沃尔德为我们解析。

India is one of those countries. It must now contend with a 25% tariff with the prospect of an additional 25% in the coming weeks as a punishment against India for increasingly importing Russian oil and gas since the start of the war in Ukraine. The president has repeatedly talked about these tariffs both as a form of pressure on other countries to make deals with The US and as a key form of revenue for his domestic agenda. So today, let's look at how much The US has been generating from Trump's tariffs so far, where the money is going, and how things might look longer term. We spoke to Elizabeth Buchwald, economics reporter for CNN.

过去五个月——即四月以来，关税收入约1000亿美元，是去年同期的三倍。

So over the last about five months, so since April, there's been about a $100,000,000,000 in tariff revenue. That's three times the amount that was collected for the same four months of last year.

她指出上月刷新了单月纪录。目前这笔资金尚未指定用途，直接入库财政部。但随着收入增长，各方已开始提议资金分配方案。特朗普前财长史蒂夫·姆努钦在CNBC表达了传统财政保守派观点：

She says that last month was a new monthly record. And right now at least, the money hasn't been earmarked and just goes into the treasury. But as the money comes in, people are starting to pitch various plans for where the revenue should go. Here's Steve Mnuchin, Trump's former treasury secretary, offering a traditional fiscally conservative view on CNBC.

我希望用于削减赤字。众所周知，许多人对赤字规模深感忧虑。解决之道无非二者：经济增长与开源创收。

I'd like to see it as deficit reduction. I think, you know, many of us are concerned about the size of the deficit, There's really only two ways of of dealing with that. One is growing the economy Right. And two is creating more revenues.

赤字问题已成两党共识，尤其在近期税收支出法案通过后——国会预算办公室预测该法案可能在未来十年增加4.1万亿美元赤字。特朗普虽将减债列为首要任务，但也提出向家庭发放直接支票（他称为关税退税）的构想。共和党参议员乔希·霍利正推动相关立法。

The issue of deficit reduction has become a concern to many Democrats and some Republicans, especially after the passage of the recent tax and spending bill, which the congressional budget office says could increase the deficit by $4,100,000,000,000 over the next decade. Trump has cited debt reduction as a priority, but he also floated the idea of sending direct checks to American homes, what he calls tariff rebates. Republican senator Josh Hawley has been pushing for this and recently introduced legislation to push the issue forward.

这笔钱不会流向对冲基金经理或拜登选民，与华尔街大亨也毫无瓜葛——他们根本不需要。它属于特朗普的蓝领选民。

So this is not going to the hedge fund managers or all the, Biden voters. This is not going to the Wall Street kingpins. They don't they don't need any of it. This is going to the Trump blue collar voters.

向家庭派发支票鲜少导致失票，但巴克沃尔德提醒我们这可能带来隐忧。

Sending checks to houses is rarely a vote loser, but Buckwell told us there could be downsides.

目前尚不清楚各方的接受程度如何。我认为人们担心，如果向民众发放更多他们原本口袋里没有的钱用于消费，可能会导致通货膨胀。在当前物价已经承压的情况下，我们看到某些商品价格正在上涨，因为企业进口商品的成本增加了。这方面的担忧确实存在。

It's unclear what the appetite is so far from everyone. I think there are concerns that it could lead to inflation if you're sending people more money to spend that they don't already have in their pockets. And at a time when there's pressure on prices already, we're seeing certain prices go up just as companies are paying more to import goods. There's definitely concerns there.

布赫瓦尔德指出，随着关税收入开始被分配用于各种用途，那些反对关税的人可能很难再主张最终应该降低或完全取消关税。

Buchwald pointed out as tariff revenue starts to get allocated for various uses, those who have opposed tariffs could have a hard time arguing they should be eventually reduced or removed altogether.

这个新发现的收入来源目前大部分尚未给消费者带来痛苦，当然这种情况可能迅速改变。但就目前而言，它并未直接从消费者口袋中掏钱。政府财政收入短缺已持续相当长时间，因此他们一直渴望找到不会损害经济的增收方式。

Having this newfound source of revenue, which for the most part right now has not come with pain for consumers, that could change quickly, of course. But for the most part right now, it's not coming directly out of consumers' pockets. The government has had a revenue shortfall for quite some time now. And so they've been hungry for ways to raise revenue that aren't gonna harm the economy.

未来几天还有更多经济方面的最后期限。明天，特朗普将决定是否对俄罗斯实施更多制裁；下周，他将决定是终止还是延长与中国的贸易休战，这可能升级两大经济体之间的关税战。尽管国会正处于夏季休会期，但共和党人接到了领导层的任务：回到各自选区向选民推销上个月签署生效的大规模税收和支出法案——早期民调趋势显示该法案不受欢迎。美联社最近一项调查发现，多数美国成年人认为该法案将帮助富裕阶层，但会损害低收入和中等收入群体。

There are more economic deadlines in the coming days. Tomorrow, Trump will decide whether to impose more sanctions on Russia, and next week, he'll decide whether to end or extend a trade truce with China, escalating a tariff war between the two largest economies. While congress is on summer recess, Republicans have an assignment from their leaders. Go back to your districts and sell voters on the massive tax and spending bill that was signed into law last month, which early polling trends indicate is unpopular. One recent poll by the AP found most US adults think it'll help wealthy Americans, but hurt low income and middle class people.

通常立法者会在市政厅会议上进行这类宣传。但自从特朗普总统重返政坛以来，许多共和党市政会议都充斥着选民的愤怒与批评。今年早些时候，众议院议长迈克·约翰逊曾建议党内人士回避此类活动。过去一周仍有几名共和党人尝试召开会议，结果遭到了激烈指责。

Typically, lawmakers do some of that selling in town halls. But since president Trump returned to office, many GOP town halls have been defined by anger and criticism from constituents. And earlier this year, house speaker Mike Johnson advised the party to avoid them. A couple of Republicans tried again anyway over the last week. They got an earful.

以下是内布拉斯加州林肯市迈克·弗拉德议员市政厅会议的场景。

Here's what it sounded like at representative Mike Flood's town hall in Lincoln, Nebraska.

坦白说，在我看来关于这个法案存在大量错误信息。我知... 下一页

Quite frankly, from where I sit, there's been a lot of misinformation out there about the bill. I k. Next

请翻页。

slide, please.

显然效果很不理想。他几乎每说一句话就被嘘声打断，我不认为还会有多少共和党议员愿意经历这种场面。

It certainly did not go over well. You know, he could barely get a sentence out without being booed down, and I don't know that we'll see many more Republican lawmakers willing to commit themselves to this kind of experience.

这是国会旗语记者埃莉诺·穆勒的报道。她表示，在市政会议可能无法举行而明年中期选举即将来临的情况下，共和党人正试图找出有效传达他们认为法案优点的沟通方式。

That's semaphore congress reporter Eleanor Mueller who says with town halls potentially off the table and the midterms coming up next year, Republicans are trying to figure out how to effectively message what they see as benefits of the legislation.

他们的竞选团队被告知，要谈论法案的个别条款。比如，小费不征税、加班费不征税，以及扩大儿童税收抵免，而不是将整个法案打包讨论——民主党人已成功让民众将整个法案与‘取消医疗补助资格’的担忧联系起来。

They've been told by their campaign arms, talk about the individual components. You know, talk about no tax on tips, no tax on overtime, and expanded child tax credit versus the bill of a whole as a whole, which Democrats have ensured is now associated with the thoughts of folks being kicked off their Medicaid.

由于资金削减和医疗补助的工作要求，预计将有数百万人失去医疗保险。其他共和党人在摇摆选区采取了更有针对性的策略。

Millions are expected to lose health care coverage due to funding cuts and Medicaid work requirements. Other Republicans are taking a more targeted approach in swing districts.

他们选择访问制造商、当地企业，与那些不会在他们传达法案积极面时高声反对的企业主交谈。

They're choosing to do visits to manufacturers, to local businesses, talk to business owners who are not necessarily going to be shouting them down as they try and communicate what they think the positive things are about this bill.

与此同时，民主党人正在发起攻势，举办自己的市政厅会议并走访共和党选区。但随着共和党人展望中期选举并考虑宣传策略，他们也在关注特朗普的筹款活动——根据联邦选举委员会文件，总统的主要超级政治行动委员会今年上半年筹集了近1.77亿美元，他显然会留意哪些人在为其标志性立法辩护时表现出色。

Democrats, meanwhile, are going on the offensive hosting their own town halls and visiting GOP districts. But as Republicans look ahead to the midterms and consider their messaging options, they're also eyeing Trump's fundraising efforts. The president's primary super PAC brought in nearly a $177,000,000 in the first half of this year according to FEC filings, and he's certainly taking note of who is doing a good job at defending his signature legislation.

我认为本月他们回到选区后，以及接下来几个月结束今年工作时，真正是在为中期选举奠定基础。因此我们会看到很多人开始思考如何与总统结盟以利用这些资源。但共和党人感觉他们在此事上略显被动。

I do think this month as they're back in their districts and the next couple of months as they wrap up this year is really laying the groundwork for that midterm election. And so I think we'll see a lot of folks start thinking about how they can align themselves with the president to take advantage of that resource. But Republicans feel like they're on the back foot a little here.

现在转向美国移民执法中的不良趋势：在某些情况下，美国公民正遭到执法人员的暴力逮捕——这些执法人员正努力实现特朗普总统激进的驱逐目标。具体人数难以确定，政府不公开相关数据。根据法律，ICE本不应逮捕和拘留美国公民，除非极特殊情况。

Let's turn now to a disturbing trend in US immigration enforcement. In some cases, US citizens are being violently arrested by law enforcement officials who are working to meet president Trump's aggressive deportation targets. It's difficult to pinpoint exactly how many. The government doesn't release data on this. By law, ICE is not supposed to arrest and detain US citizens with only rare exceptions.

最终，这些人常被指控妨碍公务或袭警等罪名。

Ultimately, those folks are often accused of crimes such as interfering with officers or assaulting officers.

这是《卫报》记者Sam Levin的报道，他今夏早些时候曾报道洛杉矶的移民突袭行动，称有多位拉丁裔美国公民被捕。

That's Sam Levin with The Guardian who's been reporting on the immigration raids in LA earlier this summer, where he says a number of Latino US citizens were arrested.

我们采访的许多人表示，他们只是在不恰当的时间出现在错误地点，或正在参与和平抗议，或仅仅在观察现场情况，却在混乱中被ICE、边境巡逻队或国土安全部拘留。

Many of the people we've talked to have said they were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time, or they were engaged in a peaceful protest, or they were monitoring what was happening, and in these chaotic moments, up getting detained by ICE, by border patrol, by the Department of Homeland Security.

32岁的洛杉矶本地人Andrea Velez就遭遇了这种情况。六月底她在上班途中，被几名戴口罩的男子从车里冲出按倒在地。这些人穿着印有‘警察’字样的背心，但其余都是便装，Velez表示对方未表明身份。

That's what happened to Andrea Velez, a 32 year old LA native. She was headed to work in late June when men wearing masks jumped out of a car and threw her to the ground. They were wearing vests that said police, but otherwise wore plain clothes, and Velez says they didn't identify themselves.

因此她无法确定这些人是否是合法警员以及他们为何出现在那里。那一刻，她极度恐惧自己正被一群戴着面具的陌生人绑架，完全不明白发生了什么。当她看见附近有洛杉矶警察局的警员时，便立即下车朝他们奔去寻求帮助。

And so it was unclear to her if they were legitimate officers and why they were there. And in that moment, she was so fearful she was being kidnapped by random people in masks that she didn't know what was happening to her. And so she saw Los Angeles Police Department officers nearby. And so she left the car to run towards them to seek help.

她的妹妹和旁观者拍下了后续画面：一名洛杉矶警员抓住并未表现出抵抗的贝莱兹，随后移民局探员冲向她，给她戴上手铐并强行带走。她的妹妹埃斯特雷拉·罗萨斯与母亲全程目睹了这一切。

Her sister and bystanders captured video footage of what happened next. An LAPD officer grabbed Velez who does not appear to resist. An ICE agent ran toward her, handcuffed her, then picked her up, and carried her away. Her sister, Estrella Rosas, was watching on with their mother.

那是她姐姐啊！他们就这样把她带走了。她喊着：'唐娜！你可是美国公民啊！'

She's a sister. She's take they're taking her. She's like, Donna. You're a US citizen.

她在拘留所度过两晚，期间声称未获供水。司法部以袭警罪起诉她，该罪名最高可判二十年监禁。

She spent two nights in jail where she says the staff gave her no water. The Department of Justice charged her with assaulting an officer, which carries a twenty year sentence.

但安德莉娅表示自己当时只是僵立在混乱中，却被一名警员猛摔在地后带走。这令她深感不安——她觉得自己像那些同被拘留的重罪犯般遭受对待，而她不过是试图在洛杉矶平静生活的普通人。

But Andrea says that she was simply just standing there frozen in the middle of this chaos and was slammed to the ground by one of the officers and then taken away. So that was very disturbing to her because she felt as if she was being treated as this hardened criminal like many of the people she was detained with when she's just an ordinary person trying to live her life in Los Angeles.

其律师申请调取执法记录仪影像及证人证词未果。司法部在约两周后撤销指控，未回应《卫报》的置评请求，移民局、国土安全部及联邦检察官办公室亦保持沉默。这次逮捕彻底颠覆了维莱斯的生活。

Her lawyer requested body cam footage and witness statements, but never received them. The DOJ decided to drop the charges a little over two weeks later. It did not respond to the Guardian's request for comment, neither did ICE, the Department of Homeland Security, or the US Attorney's Office. The arrest upended Villes' life.

安德莉娅告诉我，她现在出门必须有人陪同。她终日生活在可能再次被移民局带走的恐惧中，感觉无论去哪里都不安全。她选择远程办公，再未返回位于市中心逮捕发生地的办公室。

Andrea told me that she essentially essentially does not leave her home anymore without someone else by her side. She lives in fear that ICE could pick her up again. She feels that she's not safe anywhere she goes. She's been working remotely instead of returning to the scene of her arrest in downtown where her office is.

记者记录到拉美裔美国公民在加州、纽约及佛罗里达州遭遇类似逮捕的事件。部分当事人称移民官员存在种族定性行为并侵犯其宪法权利。贝莱兹的恐惧在拉美社区引发广泛共鸣——全美最大西裔民权组织民调显示，43%拉美裔选民认为移民当局会无视其合法身份实施逮捕。国土安全部否认种族定性指控，称其执法行动目标明确且事先锁定对象。

Journalists have documented other incidents of Latino US citizens arrested across California, in New York, also in Florida. Some of these individuals say immigration officials racially profiled them and abused their constitutional rights. And the fear that Velez now lives with is felt broadly across the Latino community. According to polling from the nation's largest Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization, 43% of Latino voters believe immigration authorities will arrest them regardless of their legal status. DHS has denied claims of racial profiling, saying its enforcement operations are highly targeted and that agents know who they are targeting ahead of time.

节目结束前插播几条简讯：佐治亚州斯图尔特堡军事基地（萨凡纳附近）一名陆军中士向同僚开火致五人受伤，这座全美最大陆军基地及周边学校短暂封锁。涉事枪手现由军方羁押，将接受军事法庭审判而非普通司法程序。

Before we let you go, a few other stories we're following. In Georgia, an army sergeant reportedly opened fire at his colleagues at Fort Stewart, a base near Savannah, and injured five other soldiers. It prompted a brief lockdown at one of the nation's largest army bases as well as some nearby schools. The alleged shooter is now in custody. He will not be charged and tried like a normal citizen, but rather under the military justice system.

本周三项新研究揭示美国野火的隐性健康代价：洛杉矶近期山火导致1-2月间超400人死亡与医疗中断、原有肺病患者并发症致死等间接影响相关；2023年夏威夷毛伊岛火灾后约五分之一居民出现肺损伤，近半数健康状况恶化；另有研究表明火灾后自杀死亡人数有所上升。

Soldiers accused of the most serious crimes may face a court martial, which is similar to a civilian criminal trial. Three new studies released this week reveal the hidden health costs of wildfires in The US. Researchers suggested that in the recent Los Angeles fires, more than four hundred deaths between January and February were attributed to knock on effects, like interruptions to health care and people who had preexisting lung conditions dying from related complications. And in Hawaii's twenty twenty three fires, as many as one in five people in Maui may have been left with lung damage, and nearly half reported declining health. Another study suggested a rise in people dying by suicide since the fires.

目前，加拿大的野火烟雾正飘入美国部分地区，影响空气质量，而法国也在应对其数十年来最严重的野火。最后，如果你曾去过劳氏或家得宝，可能见过洗衣机等电器上贴着的蓝色能源之星标签。这个政府资助的标识系统旨在帮助消费者识别节能产品。自1992年创立以来，它每年为消费者节省数十亿美元能源开支，并助力减少至少40亿吨温室气体排放。然而近期，美国环保署表示拟取消该计划，据Grist报道，环保组织与反对该计划的行业联盟已形成独特同盟。

And right now, Canada's wildfire smoke is drifting into parts of The US affecting air quality, and France is contending with its own wildfires, the largest in decades. And finally, if you've been in a Lowe's or a Home Depot before, you've probably seen the little blue energy star stickers on washing machines and other appliances. It's a government funded labeling system that's supposed to help consumers identify energy efficient products. And since its inception in 1992, it saved customers billions annually in energy costs and has helped avoid at least 4,000,000,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions. Well, recently, the EPA has said that it wanted to eliminate the program, and Grist reports that a unique alliance has formed between environmental groups and a coalition of industry groups who are against the plan.

部分原因在于能源之星计划也使房东受益——若建筑获节能认证，他们或可提高租金。国会中该计划也获两党支持，近期已批准数百万美元资金维持运营。环保署的撤销请求最终批准仍需数月，但若消费者和企业意愿占上风，这些标签或将得以保留。你可在Apple News应用中查看这些报道及其他内容。若你此刻正在新闻应用中收听，接下来我们将为你带来一篇有声文章。

That's in part because Energy Star also benefits landlords who might be able to charge more for rent in their building if it's considered energy efficient. In congress, there's also bipartisan support for the program, and recently there's been millions of dollars approved to fund it. Final approval for the EPA's request is still months away, but if consumers and businesses have their way, those stickers might stick around. You can find all these stories and more in the Apple News app. And if you're already listening in the news app right now, we've got a narrated article coming up next.

在成为天主教教宗前，第十四世教皇利奥被许多人称为鲍勃神父。《时代》杂志通过采访他在芝加哥家乡最了解他的人们，讲述了他的晋升历程。若你通过播客应用收听，请关注Apple News+有声栏目以获取该故事，我们明日将继续为你带来新闻。

Before he became the leader of the Catholic church, Pope Leo the fourteenth was known to many as father Bob. Time magazine tells the story of his ascent by spending time with some of the people back home in Chicago who know him best. If you're listening in the podcast app, follow Apple News plus Narrated to find that story, and we'll be back with the news tomorrow.