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保罗·格雷厄姆:初学者的心态

Paul Graham:当个新手

本集简介

保罗·格雷厄姆被誉为“硅谷创业精神的思想导师”,其文字影响了一整代创业者与程序员。 他是一位出生于英国的计算机科学家、企业家、散文家,也是著名创业孵化器 Y Combinator(YC)的联合创始人之一。早期研究 Lisp 语言,并开发了知名方言 Viaweb(后被雅虎收购,成为 Yahoo Store),是最早的网页应用之一。作为 YC 的核心人物,他资助并指导了包括 Airbnb、Dropbox、Stripe 在内的数百家初创公司。他也是名作《黑客与画家》的作者。 这篇文章是保罗·格雷厄姆探讨“当新手”的价值。 普遍的“新手感”:PG 开头承认,他原以为年纪大了就会无所不知,但事实是,他时常感觉自己像个“新手”(noob)。无论是在了解一个新领域的创业公司、阅读一本深奥的书,还是访问一个陌生的国家时,他总有这种“搞不清楚状况”的感觉。 “新手感”的悖论:尽管“当新手”的感觉很糟糕,这个词也不是赞美,但作者发现了一个鼓舞人心的事实:你在“局部”越感觉自己像个新手,你在“全局”上就越不是个新手。换句话说,这种不适感恰恰是你在学习和拓宽边界的证明。例如,待在母国会很舒适,但搬到一个完全陌生的国家会让你处处感觉像个新手,可后者的认知(全局)显然提升了。因此,“新手感”与“实际的无知”是负相关的。 厌恶“新手感”的起源:人们讨厌这种感觉是出于进化的本能。这种感觉的来源有两个:一是“愚蠢”,二是“接触新事物”。在人类漫长的狩猎采集生活中,环境变化缓慢,大脑的指令是“快点搞懂(已有的问题)”,而不是去探索新问题。 类比“饥饿感”:他将这种厌恶感类比为“饥饿感”。在食物稀缺的时代,饥饿感是生存必需的;但在食物过剩的今天,这种本能反而会误导我们(导致过度饮食)。同理,在知识和环境快速迭代的现代社会,那种“讨厌当新手”的本能也过时了。 结论:尽管感觉不愉快,甚至可能招来嘲笑,但你越是感觉自己像个新手,情况就越好。这证明你正在不断学习新事物,而不是停留在舒适区。 原文链接:https://www.paulgraham.com/noob.html

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年轻时,我以为老年人把一切都看透了。如今自己老了,才知道并非如此。我时常感觉自己像个新手——总是在和某个我不了解的新兴领域初创公司交谈,或读着一本我理解不够深入的书,或访问某个我不懂当地规则的新国家。这种新手感并不愉快,'新手'这个词显然也不是赞美。

When I was young, I thought old people had everything figured out. Now that I'm old, I know this isn't true. I constantly feel like a noob. It seems like I'm always talking to some startup working in a new field I know nothing about or reading a book about a topic I don't understand well enough, or visiting some new country where I don't know how things work. It's not pleasant to feel like a noob, and the word noob is certainly not a compliment.

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但今天,我意识到关于做新手的一个鼓舞人心的事实:你在局部越是新手,在全局就越不是新手。比如留在本国你会比搬去法罗维亚(那里一切都不同)感觉更不像新手,但搬过去后你会懂得更多。所以新手感与实际无知呈反比。但如果新手感对我们有益,为何我们却讨厌它?

And yet today, I realized something encouraging about being a noob. The more of a noob you are locally, the less of a noob you are globally. For example, if you stay in your home country, you'll feel less of a noob than if you move to Farrowavia, where everything works differently, and yet you'll know more if you move. So the feeling of being a noob is inversely correlated with actual ignorance. But if the feeling of being a noob is good for us, why do we dislike it?

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这种厌恶感在进化上有何意义?我认为答案在于新手感有两个来源:愚蠢和尝试新事物。我们对新手感的厌恶是大脑在催促:快点儿,快弄明白这个——这在人类历史大部分时期都是正确的思维方式。

What evolutionary purpose could such an aversion serve? I think the answer is that there are two sources of feeling like a noob, being stupid, and doing something novel. Our dislike of feeling like a noob is our brain telling us, come on. Come on. Figure this out, which was the right thing to be thinking for most of human history.

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狩猎采集者的生活虽复杂,但不像现代生活这般剧变。他们不需要突然搞懂加密货币该怎么处理。因此重视解决现有问题而非探索新问题是有道理的,人类厌恶新手感也情有可原——就像在食物匮乏时代,厌恶饥饿感同样合理。

The life of hunter gatherers was complex, but it didn't change as much as life does now. They didn't suddenly have to figure out what to do about cryptocurrency. So it made sense to be biased toward competence at existing problems over the discovery of new ones. It made sense for humans to dislike the feeling of being a noob. Just as in a world where food was scarce, it made sense for them to dislike the feeling of being hungry.

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如今食物过剩比不足更成问题,我们对饥饿感的厌恶会误导我们,我认为对新手感的厌恶也是如此。尽管这种感觉令人不适,有时还会招致嘲笑,但你感到越像新手,实际对你越有利。

Now that too much food is more of a problem than too little, our dislike of feeling hungry leads us astray, and I think our dislike of feeling like a noob does too. Though it feels unpleasant and people will sometimes ridicule you for it, the more you feel like a noob, the better.

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