Hantavirus: what you should know

这个BBC播客的广告支持来自英国以外的地区。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

大家好，欢迎收听《聚焦非洲》。

Hello there and welcome to Focus on Africa.

我是来自内罗毕的恩凯奇·奥格博纳。

I am Nkechi Ogbonna in Nairobi.

在西非海岸佛得角附近的一艘邮轮上，有三人因感染汉坦病毒去世，公众对这种病毒传播的担忧持续上升。

Concerns over the spread of hantavirus continued to grow following the death of three people on a cruise ship near Cape Verde off the coast of West Africa.

我们联系了世界卫生组织，了解他们如何应对这次紧急医疗事件。

We speak to the World Health Organisation to get insight into the emergency medical response action.

我们知道，汉坦病毒在人与人之间传播的情况非常罕见。

We know that hantavirus is rare to spread from human to human.

通常都是通过啮齿动物的气溶胶传染给人，人传人的情况要少得多。

The most common is from rodent aerosol to humans, but the human to human is less frequent.

我们目前确诊的是安第斯型病毒，这种类型是已知能在人与人之间传播的。

The species that we have now diagnosed, the Andes species, is the one that has been reporting spread between humans to humans.

所以我们目前的看法是，可能有一些病例是通过人传人感染的。

So our current view on this is that probably there has been some of the cases have been infected by human to human transmission.

尼日利亚通过促进残障人士融合的法律已经七年了，但倡导者表示，落实情况依然薄弱。

And seven years after enactment of the law promoting inclusion for persons living with disability in Nigeria, advocates say implementation remains weak.

医院、企业和社会组织从一开始就应该为残障人士做设计，而不是事后补救，不能把它当成事后想法。

Hospitals, businesses and organisations must actually design for disability from the start, not you know retrofit it so there shouldn't be an afterthought process.

今天是五月六日，星期三。

It's Wednesday May 6.

如果你刷一刷社交媒体，会看到不少关于某种病毒的消息，引发了不少恐慌和焦虑。

If you scroll through social media, a number of updates on a certain virus are causing panic and anxiety.

我说的就是汉坦病毒。

I'm talking about the hantavirus.

关于它的传播方式，还有那艘载有部分感染乘客的邮轮，现在网上讨论得很热烈。

Debates about its transmission and the cruise ship that is carrying some of the passengers who have been affected are circulating.

但我们现在清楚的是。

But here is what we know.

一艘注册在荷兰的邮轮MV Hondius正在南极海域航行。

A Dutch registered cruise ship known as MV Hondius has been traversing Antarctic waters.

根据公司记录，这艘船于三月从阿根廷南部的乌斯怀亚出发，开展一场标榜为南极自然探险的行程，票价在一万六千到两万五千美元之间。

The Hondius left Ushuaia in Southern Argentina in March, according to company documentation, on a voyage marketed as an Antarctic nature expedition with prices ranging from 16,000 to 25,000 US dollars.

这艘船途经南乔治亚岛和圣赫勒拿岛，之后在西非佛得角海岸停泊，当时已有乘客确诊感染病毒并死亡。

The ship traveled through South Georgia, Saint Helena, an anchored off the coast of West Africa in Cape Verde after a passenger had been confirmed dead from the virus.

佛得角卫生部门拒绝批准对船上乘客进行医疗撤离和筛查。

Cape Verdean health authorities have refused to grant permission for a medical evacuation and screening of passengers.

目前已有三名乘客去世，另一名英国男子被直升机转运至南非医院，仍在重症监护室接受治疗。

At the moment, three passengers have died, while another British man remains in intensive care in a South African hospital where he was airlifted.

南非国家传染病研究所的检测结果显示，两名被医疗撤离到南非的人员感染的汉坦病毒毒株是安第斯型，这种毒株已知具备人传人的能力。

South Africa's National Institute for Communicable Diseases have also found from testing two people who were medically evacuated to the country that the strain of hantavirus which broke out on the MV Hondius ship is ANDES, a strain that is known to cause human to human transmission.

以下是来自荷兰斯帕纳埃加斯赫伊斯医院、哈勒姆的重症医生马可·格申比尔对邮轮上汉坦病毒感染事件的评论。

Here is Marco Gershenbier, a Dutch critical doctor at Sparnae Gaschuis, Harlem commenting on hantavirus infections on the cruise ship.

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The

汉坦病毒其实是一组病毒，会从啮齿动物传染给人类。

hantavirus is actually a group of viruses, a group of viruses that can be transmitted from rodents to humans.

这次似乎涉及南美株，主要影响肺部和心脏。

This seems to involve the South American strain, which causes problems with the lungs and heart.

从吸入病毒到出现最早症状，每个人的时间差很大。

The time between inhaling the virus and experiencing the first symptoms varies greatly from person to person.

最早可能在吸入病毒七天后出现，最长可能拖到将近六周。

It can be as early as seven days after inhaling the virus or up to nearly six weeks.

平均下来，大概是十四天左右。

On average, that is about fourteen days.

我们拿到了一位乘客杰克·罗斯马林的声明，他是位美国旅行博主。

We have obtained a statement from one of the passengers, Jake Rosemarin, an American travel influencer.

他目前不打算接受媒体采访，但这份声明已由同事代为宣读。

He does not wish to speak to the media at this time, but this statement has been read by a colleague.

除了之前媒体报道过的两位患病乘客，船上其他人都还好，情绪也挺稳定。

Other than the two ill passengers that have already been referenced in the media, everyone else on board is doing well and remains in good spirits.

我们希望这种情况能尽快得到解决。

We're hopeful that this situation will be resolved soon.

Oceanwide Expeditions 和 Accrual 公司一直在尽最大努力，确保乘客们安全、知情，并尽可能舒适地度过这段时期。

Oceanwide expeditions and accrual have been doing everything within their ability to keep passengers safe, informed and as comfortable as possible during this time.

需要说明的是，这并不是一艘传统意义上的游轮，而是一艘科考船。

It is also important to note that this is not a traditional cruise ship, but an expedition vessel.

这类船只严格执行防疫规程，特别注重清洁卫生，尤其是它们经常前往偏远且生态敏感的地区，对生物安全的要求非常高。

These ships operate with strict protocols and a strong emphasis on cleanliness, especially given the remote and environmentally sensitive regions they visit, which require high levels of biosecurity.

这艘船的维护标准非常高，说它不干净的说法是不准确的。

The vessel is maintained to a very high standard and suggestions that it is unclean are not accurate.

目前已经采取了保持社交距离和佩戴口罩等措施。

Measures are in place including social distancing and masking.

乘客也可以选择让餐食直接送到房间。

Passengers also have the option to have meals delivered directly to their cabins.

乘客可以到露天甲板透气，但室内公共区域，比如休息室，目前暂时限制进入。

Access to the altar decks is permitted for fresh air, while gathering in indoor common areas, such as the lounge, is currently restricted.

我们一直得到很好的照顾，船上又补充了医疗物资和药品。

We continue to be well cared for, and additional medical provisions and supplies have been brought on board.

目前，我们仍希望这一情况能尽快得到解决。

At this time, we remain hopeful that the situation will be resolved soon.

我现在就先说这些。

This will be my only comment for now.

谢谢。

Thank you.

这是船上乘客杰克·罗斯马林的发言。

That's a statement from Jake Rosemarin, a passenger on the ship.

为了了解这类情况的应对流程以及卫生部门如何响应，我们采访了世界卫生组织驻佛得角代表安妮·林德斯特兰。

To understand what happens in situations like this and how health authorities respond, we spoke to Anne Lindstrand, a World Health Organisation representative in Cape Verde.

汉坦病毒通常感染啮齿动物，人类偶尔也会被感染，比如吸入含有病毒的尿液或粪便气溶胶后，初期会出现类似流感的症状。

So hantavirus is a virus that normally infects rodents and rarely it can also affect humans if you have urine or droppings coming into the aerosol and a person breathes it in through the respiratory and then you can get flu like symptoms in the beginning.

在某些情况下，具体症状会因地区和病毒类型而异，可能发展成严重的呼吸系统综合征。

In some cases it develops also depending on where you are and how the virus is, you will maybe get a respiratory syndrome which can be very severe.

所以病情可能迅速从类似流感的症状发展为呼吸系统问题，进而导致器官衰竭。

And so it can quickly go from a flu like system into the respiratory state and then organ failures.

而且

And

这正是到目前为止已有三人不幸去世的原因。

that's where, we've, seen the fatalities of the three people that so far have passed.

对。

Right.

为什么游轮特别容易发生这种疫情爆发？

And what makes cruise ships particularly very vulnerable to outbreaks like this?

因为这并不是第一次有游轮乘客被强制隔离了。

Because this is not the first time we're seeing members of a cruise ship forced to quarantine, basically.

游轮是一个特殊的环境，人们住得很近，共用设施，长时间密切接触，毕竟大家都在船上。

It's a special kind of ecosystem where people live rather close to each other, sharing facilities, and spending close contact for maybe a a longer time since they're all on the boat.

这艘船设计载客量大约是180人，当时船上共有147人，其中88名是乘客，其余是船员。

This ship was built for about 180 people, and you had 147 people on board, out of which 88 were passengers and the rest crew.

这是一个封闭的空间，一旦有传染性病毒，很容易在乘客之间传播。

It's a it's a contained place where transmission of if you have contagious virus, it can spread between the patients.

不过我们知道，汉坦病毒通常不会在人与人之间传播。

However, we know that hantavirus is rare to spread from human to human.

最常见的感染途径是通过啮齿动物的气溶胶传给人类。

The most common is from rodent aerosol to humans.

人传人的案例要少得多。

But the human to human is less frequent.

我们这次确诊的这种病毒，也就是安第斯病毒，是少数已知能在人与人之间传播的类型。

The species that we have now diagnosed, the underspeeches, is the one that has been reporting spread between humans to humans.

所以目前我们认为，很可能船上有一些病例是通过人传人的方式感染的。

So our current view on this is that probably there has been some of the cases have been infected by a human to human transmission probably on the boat.

你能帮我们做个对比吗？

Put this in perspective for us if you may.

当 cruise 船上发现病例时，卫生部门一般会怎么应对？

When a case is identified on board a cruise ship like this, How do health authorities respond?

世卫组织及其所有成员国都在通过《国际卫生条例》开展合作，这项条例要求所有成员国一旦发现可能构成国际关注的传染病或其他公共卫生事件，必须立即通报。

WHO and all its member states are working through something called the International Health Regulation, which is a commitment by all member states of WHO to announce as soon as they know of infectious or any other health event that may be of international concern.

他们需要通过一个全球各国都配备的系统进行报告。

They need to report it through a system that we have in every country of the of the world.

这个系统叫作《国际卫生条例》联络点，而且所有联络点都是互联的。

It's called the IHR focal points, and they are connected.

一旦有事件被上报，世卫组织就会立即介入，这样我们才能推动各成员国之间协作，共同应对可能的国家、区域或全球性威胁。

So when there is an event that is being alerted, WHO in the loop, and then that's how we try to cooperate between member states of trying to respond to any potential national, regional, or global threat.

在海上控制疫情爆发有没有什么困难？

Are there challenges in containing an outbreak at sea?

有的。

Yes.

在海上情况也是一样的。

And that's the same thing if it is at sea.

对。

Yes.

有没有专门的措施来保护乘客和船员的安全？

Are there particular protocols that should be in place to protect both passengers and crew?

在应对这类环境时，现有的准备工作中有没有什么漏洞？

And are there any gaps in the preparedness when it comes to these types of environments?

有的。

Yes.

世卫组织已经发布了相关的防护建议。

There are recommendations for protection.

我们最近更新了关于汉坦病毒的指南，建议各方遵照执行。

WHO is now specifically we have, sent out an updated hantavirus guidelines that should be followed.

依我看来，这艘船的级别非常高。

In my impression, I think this is a very high high ranking ship.

他们在安保和卫生方面都做得非常到位。

They have been very dedicated at both the security and and at the cleanliness of the the boat.

比如，持有无鼠害认证之类的。

For example, certificate of being rodent free, etcetera.

目前来看，传播似乎不是来自船上，我们还需要进一步开展环境调查。

We are thinking that the spread has not come from at this point in time, we will have to do more of environmental investigations.

但现阶段我们认为，传播不太可能是由船上的老鼠引起的。

But at this time, we think that it's probably not rodents on board that has done the spread between the passengers.

如果不是老鼠，那有没有什么初步线索能说明传播的真正原因？

So if it's not the rodents, then can you say are there preliminary indications as to what may have caused the transmission?

目前的推测是，最早出现症状的那一位或几位乘客，可能在登船前就已经感染，在潜伏期把病毒带上了船。

The theory right now is that the first index case or maybe several of the first initially falling ill may have attracted this at the initiation of the cruise ship brought on board during the incubation time.

这种病毒感染的潜伏期是从感染到出现症状之间的一到八周。

The incubation time that is between being infected to showing symptoms is between one and eight weeks in this, antivirus infection.

世卫组织指出，船上人员之间存在人传人的风险。

WHO says there is a risk of human to human transmission for those on board the ship.

我很好奇，这会对陆地上的人造成什么影响？尤其是之前船停靠过的佛得角地区，他们是怎么防范的？

Now I'm very curious as to how this may impact those on land and how they are being prevented, especially those in prior Cape Verde where the ship was anchored earlier.

我们该如何确保陆地上的人不会被病毒波及？

How are we ensuring that those on land will not be affected by the spread of the virus?

佛得角的卫生部门处理得非常专业，他们最关心的当然是保护普拉亚的居民。

So the health authorities in Cape Verde have been extremely, professional, and, one of their highest concern was, of course, for protecting the population in Praia.

这艘船没有靠岸，船上所有人都被禁止下船。

The boat has not anchored and none of the onboard people have been allowed to disembark from the ship.

相反，医疗团队一直上船提供服务。

Instead, the medical teams have been going to the boat.

他们根据需要在船上为患者提供治疗。

They have attended the patients as needed on the boat.

现在我们说话的时候，医疗团队正在船上接走三名症状患者和一名密切接触者，一架医疗专机正停在普拉亚，随时准备载着有症状的乘客离开。

Actually, right now, as we are speaking, the medical teams are on the boat to bring the symptomatic people and one close contact, that's three people altogether, off the boat, and there is a plane for medical evacuation waiting to leave Praia with the patients with symptoms right now.

在普拉亚等待期间，船上人员一直严格执行隔离和保持社交距离。

While they have been waiting here in Praia, there has been strict isolation and important distancing between people.

相关部门还建议勤洗手，并为船上人员提供必要的个人防护措施。

There's been a recommendation for washing hands and also having personal protection of the people on the boat.

我们不能排除船上有人可能已经被感染的可能性。

We cannot outrule that there are people that might have been infected on the boat.

世界卫生组织的一名医生刚登上了船，将随船前往下一个港口。

We have a medical doctor from WHO who's just boarded the boat and will go be going with that boat to the next port.

世卫组织有没有采取具体措施，来追踪这艘船的动向，以及船上那些还没出现症状的人，还有未来可能想下船的乘客？

Are there specific measures that the WHO is taking to monitor its movements and even the people on board who haven't probably shown any symptoms yet and even those who may want to disembark in the coming days?

有的。

Yes.

这位就是世卫组织派来的医生。

So that's the, WHO medical doctor.

他既是临床医生，也是流行病学家。

He's a clinician and an epidemiologist.

他会在这艘船上开展调查，照顾出现症状的病人，我们会一直跟他保持联系。

He will be conducting investigation on the on the boat and also be taking care of patients if they fall ill, and we will be in contact with him constantly.

非常感谢来自世界卫生组织驻佛得角代表安妮·林德斯特兰。

Many thanks to Anne Lindstrand, a World Health Organisation representative in Cape Verde.

在我们录制本期节目时，西班牙已经确认将接收部分患者，送往加那利群岛接受治疗。

As at the time we recorded this program, Spain had confirmed that it would take some of the patients to the Canary Islands for treatment.

一名荷兰船员也预计将被送回荷兰。

A Dutch crew member is also expected to be flown home to The Netherlands.

这艘船原计划在接下来几天停靠加那利群岛。

The ship was meant to dock at the Canary Islands in the next few days.

但加那利群岛的主席表示，他不能允许船只靠岸。

However, the president of The Canaries says he cannot allow the boats to dock there.

如需了解这条新闻的最新进展，建议访问 bbc.com/news。

For the latest updates on this story, we recommend visiting bbc.com/news.

这是来自BBC世界服务的《聚焦非洲》。

This is Focus on Africa from the BBC World Service.

我从来没真正拥有过父亲，所以谈不上错过什么。

I've never really had like a dad, so you can't miss something that you've never had.

这是一个深入挖掘英国最重要机构核心的故事。

This is a story that digs deep into the heart of one of Britain's most important institutions.

六十多年来，派驻肯尼亚的英国士兵与当地人生下孩子，然后悄然消失。

How for more than sixty years, British soldiers stationed in Kenya fathered children then disappeared.

母亲们被遗弃，无人支持。

Mothers left without support.

后来怎么样了？

What happened?

你为什么抛下我？

Why did you leave me?

孩子们则一直在寻找自己的身份。

And the children left searching for their identity.

我父亲到底是谁？

The curiosity of who is my father?

《秘密世界：寻找士兵父亲》记录了一支DNA侦探团队为正义而奔走的故事。

World of Secrets, searching for soldier dad, follows the work of a team of DNA detectives seeking justice.

我从来没经历过这样的事。

I've never had anything like this.

法院也从来没处理过这样的案子。

The courts have never had anything like this.

这没错。

That's for sure.

现在听好了。

Listen now.

在你收听BBC播客的任何平台搜索《秘密世界》。

Search for World of Secrets wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

我从出生到13岁，两只手都一直绑在床上。

I was born with my two hands from my bed to 13.

14岁的时候，继母开始虐待我，砍断了我的手骨，从那以后手就没了。那时候我还在上中学，变得特别沉默，不敢跟人说话。

And 14 my stepmom they kind of abusing me and cut my hand bone and it was cut off from there when this incident happened and when I was secondary school like I found myself quiet like to talk to people self.

这对我来说太难了。

So it's hard for me.

这是来自尼日利亚19岁大学生奥维·弗莱迪的声音，他因被指控使用巫术而遭到暴力袭击，失去了一条手臂。

That's the voice of Ove Friday, a 19 year old university student in Nigeria who lost an arm after being accused of witchcraft and was physically assaulted.

截肢多年后，他最大的挑战不仅是身体上的缺失，更是要在一个从未为他这样的人设计的世界里生存下去。

Years after the amputation, his greatest struggle is not just a physical loss, but navigating a world that was never designed with him in mind.

参加入学考试的时候，我遇到了很多麻烦。

During my jam, that is the exam to qualify to enter Nigerian institution.

报名时因为要按指纹，我根本没法完成，只能停下来。

During the registration, I had so many challenges there, cause of the hands like the thumbprint, I have to stop.

他们建议我去总部那边试试看。

So they were like telling me to maybe go to the headquarters.

要是我这五根手指都还在，事情就简单多了。

I wish I had my five fingers complete here and that would be easy for them.

残疾可能发生在任何人身上，无论哪个年龄段。

Disability can happen to anyone and at any stage of life.

可能是天生的，也可能是意外受伤，或者随着年龄增长慢慢出现。

It could be from birth, through injury or even ageing.

但当你突然失去了一条手臂，要重新学习怎么生活，那会是什么感觉？

But what happens when suddenly you have to relearn life without a limb?

这话题或许让人不舒服，但根据世界卫生组织的数据，尼日利亚近百分之十五的人口正经历着这样的现实。

It may be an uncomfortable conversation, but it reflects the reality of nearly fifteen percent of Nigeria's population according to the World Health Organisation.

我们采访了一些残障人士，听他们讲述日常生活中遇到的困难。

We asked some of the people living with a disability to tell us the challenges they face regularly.

很多应用都要求人脸识别，可你去扫脸的时候，它就是认不出你，因为你一只眼睛没睁开。

Most of these apps that do know your customer and you go to scan your face and it doesn't scan your face because one of your eyes isn't open.

我之前想把我的3G手机卡升级到5G。

I was trying to upgrade my SIM from three g to five g.

我不得不跑一趟总部，去重新登记我的手机卡。

I had to go to the general, like the headquarters to register my my SIM.

我能去的地方有一堆，不能去的地方也有一堆。

There's a list of places I can go and a list of places I can go.

幸运的是，我本来就不爱出门。

Luckily, I'm someone who doesn't even like going out to start with.

但这些设计根本没考虑残障人士的需求。

But that is not designed for persons with disability.

全球大约有十亿人生活在残疾状态中，其中近八成集中在发展中国家，这是世界银行的数据。

Globally, about one billion people live with disabilities, nearly eighty percent of them in developing countries according to the World Bank.

虽然尼日利亚、肯尼亚、加纳和南非等国已经出台了保护和促进残疾人权利的法律，但倡导者表示，这些法律的执行力度依然很弱。

While countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa have introduced laws to protect and promote the rights of persons with disability, advocates say enforcement remains weak.

许多公共场所、数字服务和工作场所仍然严重缺乏无障碍设施。

Many public spaces, digital services, and workplaces are still largely inaccessible.

我最近和尼日利亚的特殊教育工作者兼残疾人权利倡导者丘克韦梅卡·奇姆迪·伊比雷聊了聊。

I've been speaking with Chukwuemeka Chimdi Ibire, a special needs educator and disability rights advocate in Nigeria.

他先总体介绍了非洲的残疾人相关法律。

He began with an overview of disability laws in Africa.

非洲确实出台了一些全球最进步的残疾人权利立法，但这些法律与现实之间的差距也同样是全球最持久的。

Africa has produced, you know, some of the world's most progressive disability right legislation and some of the world's most persistent gap between that legislation and the live reality.

不过，放眼全球，像西欧和北美这样的地区，在物理无障碍、就业包容和残疾人社会保护方面，都已经取得了切实的进展。

However, when you look globally, you know, regions like the Western Europe, instance, and the North America, they have made meaningful progress on physical disability, accessibility as well, employment inclusion and social protection for disabled people.

这并不是因为它们在道德上更优越，而是因为持续的政治压力、独立的监督机构以及由残疾人主导的组织，一直推动政府承担责任。

This is not because they are morally superior, but because sustained political pressure, independent enforcement bodies and disability led organizations have held government accountable.

而这些，正是非洲所欠缺的。

And this is what we lack in Africa.

是的，还在逐步推进，但我觉得我们完全可以做得更好。

Yes, it's still building, but I mean, we can do better with that.

在非洲内部，情况更不明确，目前我觉得南非在残疾人权利的宪法框架方面是最有力的。

So within Africa, the picture is even unsure because right now, I think South Africa has the strongest constitution framework for persons with disability.

从地区来看，肯尼亚其实走在前面，卢旺达和加纳也是。

I think in the region aspect of it, Kenya is actually taking the lead and Rwanda and Ghana.

让我感到希望的是，非洲拥有其他地区起步时没有的东西——一群年轻、互联、富有创造力的残障倡导者，他们不只等着被批准，而是在用社交媒体推动运动、创作艺术、要求政府问责，这种能量是真实存在的。

So what gives me the hope is that Africa has something that other regions when they started do not have, and that is the young, connected, creative generation of disabled advocates who are not just looking for permission, they are actually building movements using social media, creating arts, demanding accountability from the government, and the energy is also real.

所以问题在于，政府是愿意放手支持，还是继续只是控制局面。

So the question is whether governments will permit it or you know or just continue to manage it.

对，确实如此。

So yeah.

说到政府，像尼日利亚这样的国家已经出台了保护残障人士权利的法律。

Speaking of governments, several countries like Nigeria have laws aimed at protecting the rights of persons living with disability.

在你看来，为什么像尼日利亚这样的国家，残疾人法律几乎得不到执行？

Why in your view is there very little or no compliance to disability laws, especially in countries like Nigeria?

我觉得是因为我们制定了法律，却没有配套的机制让法律真正落地。

I think because we have built laws without visually the system that makes the law real.

法律确实不少，但就是没人执行。

So I mean, there's a lot of laws, but there are no implementation.

法律的力量，归根结底取决于政治意愿。

A law is only as powerful as the political will.

还有制度能力，以及公众施加的压力，这些都得跟上。

The institutional capacity and the public pressure behind it as well.

这一点必须引起重视。

This needs to be considered.

在大多数非洲国家，不遵守法律根本不会有什么后果。

So in most African countries, there are no meaningful consequences for non compliance.

拿尼日利亚来说，《禁止歧视残障人士法》规定公共建筑必须在五年内完成无障碍改造。

And I say this because in Nigeria, the DAPD, which is the Discrimination Against Persons with Disability Act requires public buildings to have made accessible within the five years.

五年过去了，却没有任何处罚，什么都没有。

And now five years has gone past, there's no sanction or nothing.

其次，残疾被当成福利问题，而不是权利问题。

Then secondly, disability is treated as a welfare issue, not as a right.

政府觉得残疾是慈善事业。

Government think disability is charity.

不，这根本不是慈善。

No, this is not charity.

这其实是他们的基本权利。

This is actually their CBR.

当残疾事务被放在福利或社会发展部门，预算少、跨部门权力又弱，其他部门就不会觉得有责任。

When it sits in a welfare or social development ministries with a small budget and little cross governmental authorities, there are no other ministries feels responsible.

基础设施之所以不便利，是因为交通部门从没被要求对无障碍标准负责。

Now infrastructure is inaccessible because the transport ministry has never made accountable to disability for disability standards.

学校依然排外，是因为教育部门从未被强制要求培训教师或改造建筑。

Schools remain exclusive because the education ministry was not compelled to train teachers or adapt buildings.

残疾融合必须融入每个领域的职责和项目中，不能只丢给一个资金不足的部门。

Now disability inclusion has to be mainstreamed, embedded in every sector mandates and projects, not just siloed in one underfunded ministry, should I say.

第三点是，残障人士被排除在保护他们的法律的监督之外。

The third one I would say, because disabled people are excluded from monitoring of the very law meant to protect them.

在大多数国家，合规性都是由政府机构自我审查来评估的。

In most countries, compliance is assessed by government agencies auditing themselves.

这根本不是问责，而是要求残障人士去适应本应由制度承担的责任。

Now this is not accountability, this is actually a re compliance required for persons with disability.

他们必须了解这项法律，必须参与讨论，必须参与到影响他们长远利益的法律制定过程中。

They need to be in the know of this law, they need to be on the table, they need to be involved in the decision of creating of these laws that affects them in the long run.

而这一切背后，是一种文化现实。

And beneath all of this, it's a cultural reality.

在我们许多社会里，残障仍然被看作是羞耻、是悲剧，是低人一等的表现。

In many of our societies, disability is still associated with shame, you know, with tragedy, with reduced persons.

所以当政策制定者、官员和预算负责人——那些本该资助服务残障人士的机构和组织的人——把包容当成施舍，而不是法律义务时，问题就来了。

So when policymakers, officials, and budget holders, people who actually are meant to fund agencies that that caters to persons with disabilities and organizations, the inclusion possibly becomes an act of charity rather than a legal obligation.

我们稍后会再听切克瓦梅卡的发言，但现在，先来听听尼日利亚残障人士委员会主席阿尤巴·古夫万的说法。

We'll hear more from Chukwuemeka in a bit, but for now, let's listen to the head of Nigeria's commission for persons living with disability, Ayuba Gufwan.

我们问他关于政府在落实残障法案条款方面的努力，他是这么说的。

We asked him about government's efforts towards implementing provisions of the disability act, and here's what he had to say.

我不能断言尼日利亚现在已经完全无障碍了。

I wouldn't say categorically that Nigeria is accessible yet.

这还在进行中。

It's a work in progress.

要让尼日利亚对所有残障人士真正无障碍，我们还有很长的路要走。

We still have a lot to cover in making Nigeria accessible to all persons with disabilities.

目前进展还算时快时慢，但俗话说，千里之行，始于足下。

To a large extent, it has been more or less of a seasonal speed, but the journey of a thousand mile, they say, begins with a step.

现在我们再回到丘克韦梅卡。

Now back to Chukwuemeka.

无障碍设施的缺失对残障人士的生活有什么影响？

What impact does the lack of accessibility have on people living with disability?

想象一下尼日利亚一个有身体残障的孩子。

Imagine a child with a physical disability in Nigeria.

你第一天到学校，发现大楼有台阶，你根本爬不上去。

You arrive at a school at your first day and the building has steps you cannot climb.

有人把你抱进教室，这算挺贴心的，但这也是你接收到的第一个信号。

Someone carries you in into your classroom, which is kind here, but it is also the first message you receive.

这地方根本不是为你设计的，建的时候就没考虑过你这样的人。

The place was not made for you, that you were not put into consideration why the infrastructure was being built.

你能进来，全靠别人和照护者的施舍，而不是因为你本就该享有的权利。

So you are here by the grace of others and caregivers, not by your own rights.

每一天，每一个不无障碍的空间，都在不断强化这个信息。

That message is reinforced every day in every inaccessible space.

久而久之，这种想法就深入骨髓了。

So over the years, it becomes internalized.

排斥的建筑，最终成了你自我认知的根基。

The architecture of exclusion becomes the architecture of the person's base on self belief.

没错，丘克梅卡，除了那些已经起草的政策和法律，政府和社区还该采取哪些实际措施来推动残障人士的融合？

Right, Chokomeka, now beyond the policies and laws that have been drafted, what practical steps should governments or communities play in supporting inclusion for persons with disability?

政府必须拨款并确保这些资金真正用在需要的地方。

Government must legislate funds and enforce that these funds are you know directed to what is needed to be done with.

制定并落实覆盖所有公共基础设施的无障碍标准，并提供充足资源。

Pass and properly resourced accessibility standard across all public infrastructures.

辅助技术和设备应当普及，不应被视为奢侈品。

Assistive technology and devices are skilled so they are not luxury items.

社会必须从怜悯转向真正的支持与共情。

The community must shift from pity to, you know, solidarity.

感谢丘库阿·埃梅卡·钦迪·埃贝里，这位特殊教育工作者和残障权利倡导者。

Many thanks to Chukua Emeka Chimdi Eberi, a special needs educator and disability rights advocate.

以上就是本期《聚焦非洲》的全部内容。

And that's it on Focus on Africa today.

如果您想与我们交流，请通过 WhatsApp 发送消息至 254791269243。

If you would like to speak with us, send us a WhatsApp message on 254791269243.

您也可以发送邮件至 focusonafrica@bbc.co.uk，或在社交媒体上关注我们 bbcafrica。

You can also send an email to focus on Africa bbc dot co dot uk or reach us on social media bbcafrica.

本期节目由内罗毕的贝拉·特怀恩和鲁基亚·布勒制作。

Today's episode was produced by Bella Twine and Rukia Bulle in Nairobi.

阿尤巴·伊利亚在拉各斯参与了制作。

Ayuba Iliya was in Lagos.

资深记者是查尔斯·吉通加，技术制作由马克斯韦尔·奥扬戈负责。

The senior journalist in charge was Charles Gitonga and Maxwell Onyango, the technical producer.

我们的编辑是普里扬卡·西比和玛丽亚姆·阿卜杜拉。

Our editors are Priyanka Sippy and Maryam Abdalla.

我是恩凯奇·奥格博纳，很快再和大家见面。

I am Nkechi Ogbonna, and I'll speak to you again soon.

这是一种箭毒蛙。

This is a poison dart frog.

几十年来，大卫·阿滕伯勒爵士一直影响着我们对自然界的感受。

For decades, sir David Attenborough has shaped how we feel about the natural world.

但很长一段时间里，他从未提及过一个话题。

But for a long time, there was one topic he never talked about.

我从来没想过，人类竟然能改变气候。

I didn't believe that we could change the climate by human beings.

我是埃马纽埃尔·乔希。

I'm Emmanuel Jochi.

还有凯·赖特。

And Kai Wright.

在下一期《伟人人生》中，当大卫·阿滕伯勒即将迎来百岁生日时，我们将探寻他如何肩负起一生的使命。

And on the next episode of Big Lives, as David Attenborough prepares to celebrate his one hundredth birthday, we explore how he took on the mission of his life.

你可以在任何播客平台收听《伟人人生》。

Listen to Big Lives wherever you get your podcasts.

我从来没真正拥有过父亲，所以没拥有过的东西，谈不上失去。

I've never really had, like, a dad, so you can't miss something that you've never had.

这是一个深入英国最重要机构核心的故事。

This is a story that digs deep into the heart of one of Britain's most important institutions.

六十多年来，驻肯尼亚的英国士兵生下孩子后，却悄然消失。

How for more than sixty years, British soldiers stationed in Kenya fathered children then disappeared.

母亲们被丢下，无人支持。

Mothers left without support.

后来怎么样了？

What happened?

你为什么抛下我？

Why did you leave me?

孩子们则一直在寻找自己的身份。

And the children left searching for their identity.

我父亲到底是谁？

The curiosity of who is my father?

《秘密世界：寻找士兵父亲》记录了一支DNA侦探团队为正义奔走的过程。

World of Secrets, Searching for Soldier Dad follows the work of a team of DNA detectives seeking justice.

我从来没经历过这样的事。

I've never had anything like this.

法院也从来没处理过这样的案子。

The courts have never had anything like this.

这没错。

That's for sure.

现在听一下。

Listen now.

在您收听BBC播客的任何平台搜索《世界之秘》。

Search for World of Secrets wherever you get your BBC podcasts.