什么是青春期？

复合地板。

Laminata.

大脑探索宇宙。

Brains On Universe.

你正在收听《大脑探索》，我们认真对待每一个好奇心。

You're listening to Brains On, where we're serious about being curious.

在《大脑探索》节目中，我们会回答你们的问题。

Here at Brains On, we answer your questions.

这些年来，我们已经回答了无数个问题。

And over the years, we've answered lots of them.

这是我的问题。

Here's my question.

我一直在想，我的问题是：背后的科学原理是什么？如果那样会发生什么？这到底意味着什么？

I was wondering My question is What is the science behind Why is What happens if you What does that mean?

这些年来

Over the

这些年，我们回答了成百上千个问题，从宇宙的边缘是什么，到为什么糖这么好吃。

years, we've answered hundreds of questions, everything from what's at the edge of the universe to why is sugar so delicious.

但有一个话题，听众们一直问，我们却还没讲过。

But there's one topic our listeners ask about that we haven't covered yet.

青春期是什么？我们为什么会经历青春期？

What is puberty and why do we get puberty?

青春期和荷尔蒙背后的科学原理是什么？

What is the science behind puberty and hormones?

没错。

That's right.

我的问题是，当我们进入青春期时，身体会发生什么变化？

My question is, what happens to our bodies when we go through puberty?

我们也想知道，为什么人会经历青春期。

And we want to know why we go through puberty.

男孩和女孩的身体在青春期时会经历哪些变化？

What happens to boys and girls bodies when we go through puberty?

那我们为什么非得经历青春期呢？

And why do we have to go through puberty in the first place?

所以这就是我们要做《青春期》的原因。

So that's why we're making Puberty.

青春期。

Puberty.

青春期。

Puberty.

青春期。

Puberty.

这个播客。

The podcast.

我们制作了一档八集特别节目，叫《Brains On Universe 呈现：青春期》。

Making a special eight episode show called Brains On Universe presents Puberty, the podcast.

你可以在任何听播客的平台订阅。

You can subscribe wherever you listen.

接下来几周，我们会在这里为你播放这个系列的一些片段。

Over the next few weeks, we're going to play some excerpts from the series for you here.

这些片段会讲到荷尔蒙怎么让我们长高、怎么影响皮肤——比如长痘痘，还有怎么改变我们的情绪。

These samples cover stuff like how hormones help us us grow, how they change our skin, think zits, and how they affect our moods.

我们选的这些话题，适合所有对身体发育感兴趣的人。

We picked topics that should be appropriate for everyone interested in how bodies grow.

在《青春期》播客的完整版里，我们会更深入探讨每个主题，并请顶尖专家来回答大家的问题。

In the Puberty Podcast Feed, we'll dive deeper into each topic and answer your questions with help from super smart experts.

进入青春期后，我们第一次开始想，那些想象中的旁观者会怎么看待我们的行为。

During puberty, for the first time, we're wondering what an audience of imaginary observers would think of our actions.

而那些经历过青春期的青少年最懂这个。

And teens who know what puberty's like.

我不知道有多少人养过小狗，但总有个时候，它们突然就变成了大狗。

I don't know how many people have had puppies, but there is a time where they clearly become the big dog.

我觉得这最能形容青春期的变化。

And I think that's the best way I can really describe it.

就是有一天，你突然觉得自己长大了，个子长高了一点，就像变成了一只大狗。

It's just one day you feel older, you get a little taller, and you become a bigger dog.

如果你喜欢刚才听到的内容，欢迎搜索《Brains On Universe》出品的《青春期》播客并订阅，收听完整系列。

If you like what you hear, find Brains On Universe presents Puberty, the podcast, and subscribe to hear the whole series.

好的。

Okay.

接下来进入正题。

On with the show.

我是主持人莫莉·布卢姆，今天我的搭档是露露。

I'm your host, Molly Bloom, and my cohost today is Lulu.

嗨，露露。

Hi, Lulu.

你好。

Hello.

你想说说我们是什么关系吗？

Do you wanna say how we are related?

你是我妈？

You're my mom?

是的。

I am.

你今年多大了？

And how old are you?

我十岁了。

I'm 10.

刚满十岁。

Freshly 10.

刚刚过完十岁生日。

Just turned 10.

生日快乐。

Happy birthday.

谢谢。

Thank you.

所以这个系列的后续几集都会由青少年来共同主持，但我们觉得还是先从我们母女俩开始比较好，因为很多关于青春期的讨论都是从家里开始的。

So the rest of the episodes in this series are actually gonna be cohosted by teenagers, but we thought it made sense to start with the two of us, a mother daughter duo, because we know a lot of puberty talk starts at home.

我们家里确实一直在聊这个话题。

We've definitely been talking about it in our home.

那我们就从定义青春期开始这个系列吧。

So let's kick off the series by defining puberty.

青春期就是你的身体从孩子的样子慢慢变成更成熟的样子的过程。

Puberty is when your body starts changing from a kid's body into a more grown up one.

露露，你还记得我们第一次聊青春期是什么时候吗？

Lulu, do you remember when we first started talking about puberty?

记得。

Yeah.

大概是吧。

Probably.

那是很久以前的事了吗？

Like, was it a long time ago?

是的。

Yeah.

我记得，那时候我才四岁左右。

Like, when I was like four, I remember.

我还唱过关于卫生棉条的歌。

I sang about tampons.

没错。

That's true.

你确实唱过。

You did.

你那时候就写过一首关于卫生棉条的歌。

You wrote a song about tampons way back then.

所以家里确实有不少关于青春期的书。

So we definitely have some puberty books at home.

你读过其中的吗？

Have you read any of them yet?

我总是喜欢翻那些图片，看得直笑。

I'm always like to look at the pictures and giggle.

对。

Mhmm.

对。

Mhmm.

你跟朋友聊过青春期的事吗？

Do you talk about puberty with your friends?

天哪。

Gosh.

是的。

Yes.

你跟朋友一起看那些青春期的书吗？

Do you look at the puberty books with your friends?

天哪。

Gosh.

是的。

Yes.

天哪。

Gosh.

是的。

Yes.

我们真的会。

We really do.

当你听到‘青春期’这个词时，第一反应是什么？

So what comes to mind when you hear the word puberty?

月经。

Periods.

月经。

Periods.

没错。

Yep.

这确实是其中一部分。

Definitely part of it.

还有别的吗？

Anything else?

比如腋下出汗有味道。

Like stinky armpits.

腋下出汗有味道。

Stinky armpits.

没错。

Absolutely.

还有什么呢？

What else?

腋毛。

Armpit hair.

腋毛。

Armpit hair.

这确实是一个。

That's definitely one.

你觉得你的朋友和你一样喜欢聊青春期的事吗？

Would you say that your friends like talking about puberty as much as you do?

是的。

Yes.

当然了。

Definitely.

你们是会具体聊自己身上发生了什么，还是只是泛泛地讨论青春期？

Do you, like, talk about, like, what's happening to you personally, or is it more kind of, like, just generally talking about puberty?

有时候会。

We sometimes do.

不过也不算多。

Not really, though.

更多是问你来月经了吗？

It's more just, have you gotten your period?

没有。

No.

没有。

No.

没有。

No.

没有。

No.

还有关于止汗剂的讨论。

And, like, you know, deodorant talk.

是的。

Yeah.

比如你用哪种止汗剂？

Like, what kind of deodorant do you use?

青春期是变化很大的阶段，但要记住，你的身体一直在变化。

Puberty is a time of big change, but it helps to remember your body is always changing.

你想想看，露露。

Think about it, Lulu.

你刚出生的时候，还不会走路、不会说话，也不能自己上厕所。

When you were first born, you couldn't walk or talk or use the toilet.

我也是。

I didn't

那时候头发很少。

have very much hair.

还不能吃固体食物。

I couldn't eat solid food.

连一颗牙都没有。

I didn't even have any teeth.

从那以后，你长出了一整口乳牙，现在差不多一半都开始换掉，长出恒牙了。

Since then, you've gotten a whole set of baby teeth, and you're about halfway through losing those and replacing them with grown up teeth.

对吧？

Right?

是的

Yeah.

差不多吧

Pretty much.

只要你活着，身体就会一直变化。

And your body will keep changing as long as you're alive.

自从你出生后，我也变了很多。

I've changed a lot since you were born too.

其实，成年人有时候也会经历很大的变化。

In fact, even adults go through big changes sometimes.

是的

Yeah.

我听你说过你和朋友们

I've heard you and your friends

讨论下巴长毛、耳朵发痒，还有老觉得热这些事。

talk about new chin hairs, itchy ears, and feeling hot all the time.

没错。

Indeed.

青春期只是你人生中一个重大的变化阶段。

Puberty is just one period of big change in your life.

孩子在青春期会迅速长高，同时身体也会发生一些变化，为将来能够生育做准备。

Kids grow a lot during puberty, and they also go through changes that make it possible for them to eventually have kids of their own.

但青春期改变的不只是你的身体。

But it's not just your body that changes during puberty.

你的大脑也在发生变化，逐渐重组，变得更像成年人的大脑。

Your brain goes through changes too as that rewires to become more like an adult brain.

这就像是你整个人

It's like your whole

都在进行改造。

body is under construction.

但这同样是成长过程中再正常不过的一部分，就像婴儿出牙一样自然。

But it's also a totally normal part of growing up, like how teething is a totally normal part of being a baby.

但你知道吗，每个人的指纹都不一样。

But you know how no two people have the same fingerprints?

每个人经历青春期的方式也都不完全相同。

No two people go through it the exact same way.

每个人的情况都不一样。

It's different for everyone.

我们会尽量讲清楚孩子在青春期可能会遇到什么，但最重要的是，你的体验只会属于你自己。

We're gonna do our best to talk about what kids can expect during puberty, but the most important thing to remember is that your experience will be unique to you.

你对青春期的感受，也只会是独一无二的。

How you feel about puberty will be unique to you too.

所以，

So,

露露，你对青春期有什么感觉？

Lulu, how do you feel about puberty?

说实话，我觉得还挺搞笑的。

Honestly, I think it's pretty funny.

是的。

Yeah.

确实有不少挺有趣的地方。

There are definitely some funny things about it.

那你对青春期的哪些变化感到期待呢？

So what parts of puberty are you excited about, if any?

比如，我特别喜欢闻止汗剂的味道。

Like, I really like smelling deodorant.

止汗剂的味道确实不错。

Deodorant does smell really good.

你对青春期有什么担心的吗？

Do you have any worries about puberty?

倒也没有。

Not really.

我的意思是，也许我会担心自己和朋友不一样步，或者来月经的时候碰上尴尬的地方，比如……

I mean, like, maybe that I won't go through it same time as my friends or like that like that I'll get my period, like, in a really weird place, like Mhmm.

比如在咖啡馆之类的地方。

At, like, a cafe or something.

完全没错。

Totally.

对。

Yes.

是的。

Yeah.

我觉得这些担心特别正常，比如你会觉得自己和朋友不一样。

I feel like those are super normal worries that you'll that you'll feel different than your friends.

对吧？

Right?

或者有些事发生了你根本控制不了。

Or that something will happen that you can't control.

这些担心都特别正常。

Super normal things to worry about.

有些听你们的人可能对青春期特别期待，也有些人会感到紧张，或者两者都有。

Some of you listening might feel really excited about puberty, and some of you might feel nervous or both.

但你要记住，你不是一个人在面对这些。

But remember, you're not in it alone.

停一下，想想你特别信任的那位成年人。

Stop for a second and think of an adult you really trust.

可能是父母、老师、辅导员、教练、表亲、叔叔阿姨、祖父母，或者兄弟姐妹。

That could be a parent, teacher, counselor, coach, cousin, aunt or uncle, grandparent, or sibling.

你想到的那位成年人，他们是真心想帮你的。

That adult you're picturing, they want to help.

有什么问题，就去问他们。

So hit them up with your questions.

跟他们说说你现在的感受。

Tell them what you're feeling.

他们也经历过这些，一定会很乐意分享自己的经验。

They've been through it, and they'll likely be more than happy to pass on what they've learned.

在本系列中，我们还会听到一些青少年分享他们的亲身经历。

In this series, we're going to hear from teens sharing their experiences too.

下面是他们刚进入青春期时的一些感受。

Here's how some of them felt when they first started going through puberty.

我记得那时候男生们的声音都开始变低了，可我的声音却好像跟不上节奏。

I remember all the boys started talking in deeper voices, and it seemed like mine wasn't dropping at the same rate.

所以有时候我觉得，大家好像都在演戏似的。

So I think that sometimes it felt like people were performing.

我上八年级的时候，其他朋友都来月经了，就我没来，感觉特别被落下。

When I was in eighth grade, all of my other friends had already gotten their periods and I hadn't, and I felt really left out.

我觉得这种经历其实挺常见的。

I think that's, like, a really common experience.

大人们

Adults

都会告诉你

tell you

成长过程中就是这样，不是所有事都会跟你朋友同时发生。

this when you're growing up, but, like, not everything is gonna happen at the same time as, like, all of your friends.

我青春期那会儿，自信心爆棚。

When I was going through puberty, my ego was off the charts.

说实话，我觉得这很大程度上是因为我不够接纳真实的自己。

And, honestly, I think a lot of it was rooted in not feeling comfortable about who I was.

我身上有体毛，很多人都是这样的。

I have body hair, and a lot of people do.

我特别担心别人怎么看我，比如我没剃毛，或者嘴唇上有点小胡子。

And I got really nervous about how I was seen if I, like, wasn't shaved or had, like, a little mustache on my lip.

后来我明白了，真正爱我的人，还有我爱的人，根本不在乎这些，他们觉得我有体毛也好，没体毛也好，都很美。

And I realized that the people who I love and who love me really don't care, and they think I'm beautiful with my body hair and without it.

剃不剃毛根本不是必须的。

It's not a requirement to shave.

你刚听到的是利奥、塞雷娜、路易斯和索菲亚的分享。

You just heard from Leo, Serena, Louis, and Sofia.

在某些方面，他们算是青春期的过来人，毕竟没过去多久自己也经历过。

In some ways, they're experts on puberty because they went through it not too long ago.

不管你对青春期是什么感受，我们觉得了解背后的科学原理，能帮你更好地准备。

No matter how you feel about puberty, we think that understanding the science behind it is a good way to get prepared.

那我们先来回答第一个大问题。

So let's start with our first big question.

为什么

Why

会这样呢？

does it happen?

简单说，就是荷尔蒙的作用。

The short answer, hormones.

荷尔蒙是一种化学信使。

So hormones are chemical messengers.

身体会自己产生它们，然后把它们送到身体各处去发挥作用。

Our body makes them, and our body sends them from one place to another to do their

它们的工作。

job.

那是卡拉·纳德森医生。

That's Doctor.

卡拉·纳德森。

Kara Naderson.

她是一位儿科医生，写过很多关于青春期的书，包括《你的健康指南》。

She's a pediatrician who's written lots of books about puberty, including The Care and Keeping of You.

她还制作了一个面向成年人的青春期播客，叫《这太尴尬了》。

She also makes a podcast about puberty for grown ups called This Is So Awkward.

就像她说的，激素是我们身体产生的化学物质，非常重要，因为它们确保你的身体知道该做什么、什么时候做。

Like she said, hormones are chemicals that our bodies make, and they're super important because they make sure your body knows what to do and when to do it.

我们体内一直存在各种激素，现在也是，比如胰岛素。

There are all kinds of hormones in our body all the time, even right now, like insulin

它负责调节我们的血糖水平。

That controls our blood sugar levels.

褪黑素，帮助我们入睡。

Melatonin That helps us sleep.

还有肾上腺素，在我们压力大的时候会启动。

And adrenaline Which kicks in when we're stressed out.

我们的身体会分泌五十多种不同的激素。

Our body makes over 50 different kinds of hormones.

和青春期关系最密切的是性激素，也就是雌激素、孕激素和睾酮。

And the hormones that are most involved with puberty are the sex hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone and testosterone.

其实每个人体内都含有所有这些性激素。

And every single person has all of these sex hormones.

青春期真正发生的是，这些激素在不断起伏波动。

Really, what's happening during puberty is these hormones are rising and falling and rising and falling.

有些人的身体里雌激素和孕激素更多，有些人的身体里睾酮更多。

And in some bodies, it's more estrogen and progesterone, and in some bodies, it's more testosterone.

你可以这么想。

So think about it.

青春期时，这些激素一遍又一遍地起伏波动。

During puberty, you have all these hormones rising and falling, rising and falling over and over.

难怪感觉像坐过山车一样。

No wonder it can feel a little like a roller coaster.

你一直都有性激素，但以前身体产生的量比较少，也比较平稳。

You have always had sex hormones, but your body usually made them in smaller amounts, and they were slow and steady.

但到了青春期，它们的升降速度就快多了。

But during puberty, they start to go up and down at a much faster speed.

这个

The

在经历这些起伏的时候，你可能会觉得困惑，但其实它们正是身体开始变化的信号。

ups and downs can feel confusing when you're in the middle of them, but those ups and downs are a sign your body is starting to change.

正是这些激素剧烈地升降波动所发出的信号，影响着从声带厚度到骨骼生长的方方面面。

It's the signaling that happens when they rise and fall and rise and fall in these, very dramatic ways that impact everything from how thick your vocal cords are to how your bones grow.

在接下来的几集中，我们会详细聊聊这些激素是怎么改变你的。

In the next few episodes, we'll get into the nitty gritty about how these hormones change you.

对一些人来说，这段经历还算平稳。

For some, it's mostly a smooth ride.

对另一些人来说，可能会有点颠簸。

For others, it can be a little bumpy.

一旦这些激素开始稳定下来，或者进入非常规律的波动节奏，青春期就结束了。

Once these hormones start to level out or once they start to get into very regular rhythms, that is when puberty has ended.

无论你是双臂高举、兴奋得大喊大叫。

So whether your arms are up in the air and you're screaming with glee

还是紧紧抓着安全杆，闭着眼睛不敢看。

or you're gripping the safety bar with your eyes shut tight.

你正在经历的这趟激素过山车，最终总会停下来。

The hormone roller coaster ride you're on will eventually come to an end.

不过，这趟旅程大概要多久才会结束呢？

But, like, how long will it take to come to the end?

这是个很好的问题，我们马上就会解答。

That's a great question that we'll answer in just a minute.

你对青春期还有其他问题吗？

Do you have more questions about puberty?

把问题发给我们吧。

Send them to us.

我们正在制作一期特别节目，专门回答大家最关心的问题。

We're doing a special episode to answer your most burning questions.

有没有哪个话题是你特别想了解的？

Is there a topic you wanna know more about?

是想了解身体方面的建议，还是朋友相处方面的？

Advice for body stuff or friend stuff?

随时联系我们。

Get in touch.

可以把问题发到Brains On官网的联系页面，我们可能会在特别节目中提到你的问题。

Send your questions to Brains On dot org slash contact, and they might be featured in our special episode.

网址是brainson.org/contact。

That's brainson.org/contact.

谢谢。

Thanks.

本期节目由Quince赞助。

Today's episode is sponsored by Quince.

我是一个

I'm a

我不太喜欢购物，总担心买回来的东西不值那个价，但Quince的衣服完全不一样。

person that doesn't really like shopping because I'm worried that the things that I'm going to buy are not going to be worth it, but that's the opposite of what happens when I buy clothes from Quince.

我们全家都是Quince的粉丝。

My family is a Quince family.

我们已经从那里买衣服好一阵子了，每一件都经得起时间考验。

We have been buying clothes from there for a while now, and all the clothes we've gotten from Quince have stood the test of time so well.

每件衣服的做工都特别棒。

Everything is incredibly well made.

我最钟爱的是一件酒红色的针织开衫，特别柔软，是纯棉的。

My favorite item of clothing is this sort of burnt orange cardigan, so cozy, made of cotton.

这是我最喜欢的毛衣，而且是Quince的。

It is my favorite sweater, and it's from Quince.

我女儿最喜欢的外套也是Quince的。

My daughter's favorite jacket is also from Quince.

我丈夫最钟爱的袜子也是从Quince买的。

My husband's favorite socks from Quince.

不仅每件衣服品质都很好，Quince的价格还比同类品牌低百分之五十到八十，他们直接与道德工厂合作，省去了中间商。

So not only is everything great quality, everything at Quince is priced 50 to 80% less than similar brands, and they work directly with ethical factories and cut out the middlemen.

你付的钱是真正的品质和工艺，而不是品牌溢价。

So you're paying for quality and craftsmanship, not brand markup.

用真正会穿的奢侈品，焕新你的日常穿搭。

Refresh your everyday with luxury you'll actually use.

前往 quince.com/smashboombest，下单享受免费配送和365天无理由退换。

Head to quince.com/smashboombest for free shipping on your order and three hundred sixty five day returns.

记得去 quince.com/smashboombest，享受免费配送和365天无理由退换。

That's quince.com/smashboombest for free shipping and three hundred sixty five day returns.

quince.com/smashboombest

Quince.com/smashboombest.

本期节目由Shopify赞助。

Today's episode is sponsored by Shopify.

当我们Brains On独立出来的时候，很多事情都要从头摸索，压力真的很大。

When we went independent here at Brains On, there was a lot to figure out, and it was pretty overwhelming.

刚开始做一件事的时候，总觉得待办清单越列越长，没完没了。

And when you're starting something new, it just feels like the to do list keeps growing and growing and growing.

但这时候，找到一个不仅能帮上忙、还能把事情简化很多的工具，真的能改变一切。

But that's why finding the right tool that not only helps you out but simplifies everything can be a game changer.

对我们来说，Shopify就是这样的工具。

For us, one of those tools is Shopify.

Shopify是全球数百万企业的电商运营平台，占美国电子商务总量的百分之十。

Shopify is the commerce platform behind millions of businesses around the world and 10% of all ecommerce in The US.

Shopify就像你的电商专家，从库存管理到国际物流，再到退货处理，方方面面都提供一流的支持。

Shopify is your commerce expert with world class expertise in everything from managing inventory to international shipping to processing returns and beyond.

如果遇到困难，Shopify 随时提供帮助，他们的获奖客户支持团队全天候在线，随时为你提供建议。

And if you get stuck, Shopify is always around to share advice with their award winning 247 customer support.

今天就和业内最靠谱的合作伙伴 Shopify 一起开启你的事业吧，马上开始你的旅程。

Start your business today with the industry's best business partner, Shopify, and start hearing.

前往 shopify.com/brainson，注册享受每月一美元的试用。

Sign up for your $1 per month trial at shopify.com/brainson.

访问 shopify.com/brainson。

Go to shopify.com/brainson.

就是 shopify.com/brainson。

That's shopify.com/brainson.

这里是 Brains On Universe 呈献的《青春期》播客。

This is Brains On Universe presents Puberty, the podcast.

我是露露。

I'm Lulu.

我是莫莉。

And I'm Molly.

到目前为止，我们了解到，我们的身体一直在分泌各种各样的激素。

So far, we've heard that our bodies make all sorts of hormones all the time.

这些是特殊的化学物质，帮助身体知道该做什么、什么时候做。

They're special chemicals that help our bodies know what to do and when to do it.

在青春期，你体内某些激素的水平

During puberty, the levels of some of your hormones

尤其是雌激素、孕激素和睾酮

Particularly estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

会在你体内大幅波动。

They go through big ups and downs in your body.

这向身体发出信号，该从孩子转变为成年人了。

That tells your body that it's time to start changing from a kid to an adult.

在接下来的几期节目中，你会更深入了解这些变化。

You'll learn lots more about those changes in the coming episodes.

但青春期要持续多久呢？

But how long does it take for puberty to happen?

什么时候会开始呢？

When will it start?

那什么时候会

And when will

结束呢？

it be over?

我们再来听听儿科医生卡拉的重要提醒。

Here's our pediatrician friend, Cara, again with a really important message.

我多年前编了一句顺口溜。

I have this little saying that I made up many years ago.

没有一种标准是唯一的，也没有一种标准是唯一的。

There is no one normal, and there is no one normal.

这就是我对青春期的总结。

That's my little description of puberty.

露露，你觉得她这话是什么意思？

So what do you think she means by that, Lulu?

每个人度过青春期的方式都不一样。

There's not one normal way to go through puberty.

没有谁才是标准的。

There's not one person who's normal.

对。

Yeah.

每个人都不一样。

Everyone is different.

这个观点特别重要。

That idea is so important.

我们就是想确保人人都能明白。

We wanted to make sure everyone got it.

所以记住，说到青春期的时候

So remember, when it comes to puberty

没有谁才是标准的，没有谁才是标准的。

There's no one normal and no one normal.

每个人的经历都会不一样。

Everyone's experience is going to be different.

开始和结束的时间没有标准，过程也没有唯一正确的方式，所以我几乎从不使用‘正常’这个词。

There's no one normal time to start or to end or one normal way to go through it, which is why I don't use the word normal almost ever.

不过，青春期的发育时间确实有一个大致范围，而且这个范围随着时间推移已经发生了变化。

But there is a range of expected timing for puberty, and it has shifted over time.

大多数医生和儿科医生认为，孩子最早七八岁、最晚十二三岁进入青春期都是正常的。

Most physicians, most pediatricians expect to see kids entering puberty sometime as early as seven or eight and as late as 12 or 13.

这个范围内的任何时间点都可能出现，不过大多数女孩到九岁左右、男孩到十岁左右就已经开始发育了。

And it can be really anywhere in there, although the vast majority have entered puberty by the time they are nine if they are girls, and by the time they are 10 if they are boys.

既然青春期可能在这么多不同年龄发生，你怎么知道自己是不是已经开始变了呢？

So if it can happen to you at all these different times, how do you know if you've started going through puberty?

你可能最先注意到的是情绪上的变化。

One of the first changes you might notice is a change in how you're feeling.

情绪波动是青春期最早的情感信号。

Moodiness is the first emotional sign of puberty.

我们说的是那种变化很快的强烈情绪。

We are talking big feelings that can change quickly.

青春期的生理变化一开始大多很细微，但情绪波动反而更容易被察觉。

Most of the physical changes of puberty are pretty subtle at first, but the moodiness can be easier to notice.

露露，你情绪低落的时候是什么感觉？

Lulu, what does it feel like for you when you're moody?

好像全世界都跟自己过不去似的？

Like, everyone's with enemy?

对。

Yeah.

或者，开心起来反而觉得怪怪的？

Or, like, it's weird to be happy?

嗯，就是这样。

Mhmm.

而且觉得自己根本不该开心。

And that you shouldn't be happy.

感觉怪怪的。

It's weird.

对。

Yeah.

可能你就会想，我该怎么回到开心的状态呢？

Maybe, like, you're like, how do I get back into happy mode?

是啊。

Yes.

我就在想，我该怎么回到开心的状态呢？

I'm like, how do I get back into happy mode?

然后我就崩溃了。

Then I get crazy.

你觉得你的情绪起伏是不是特别快？

Do you feel like your moods go up and down pretty fast?

是的。

Yes.

我就跟自己说，嗨。

I'm like, hi.

你好。

Hello.

所以现在，当你觉得需要独处或者生气的时候，你会怎么做？

So now, when you're feeling like you need some space or you're feeling angry, what do you do?

我就冲我爸妈大喊大叫。

I just yell at my parents.

什么？

What?

冲我大喊？

Yell at me?

是的。

Yeah.

你还干点别的吗？

What what else do you do?

比如说，当你需要独处的时候，你会怎么做？

Like, when you need space, what do you do?

我就看电视。

I watch TV.

是的。

Yeah.

看电视挺好的，能让人缓一缓。

TV is a good little reset.

我那时候情绪不稳定，就只想抱着游戏机玩俄罗斯方块，谁也不想搭理。

When I was going through it, my moodiness was more like, I just wanted to play Tetris on my Game Boy and not talk to anyone.

每个人都不一样。

Everybody is different.

在接下来的节目里，我们会更深入地聊这些身体和情绪上的变化。

We're gonna be talking a lot more about these physical and emotional changes in the series.

还会讲很多关于你的大脑和身体的细节。

Lots of details about your brains and your bodies.