EP255 超越Manual J：与Tony Amadio探讨住宅负荷计算的未来热平衡（2025年12月）

如果湿度是55%，我也能接受。

I'm okay with 55 relative humidity if that's what I get.

顺便提醒一下，做J计算的人：你在负荷计算中并不一定要设定为50%的相对湿度。

And by the way, a reminder to people doing j calculations is you don't have to be 50 relative humidity in your load calc.

你可以设定为40%。

You could be 40.

去看看爱达荷州。

Go to Idaho.

去看看加利福尼亚州的一些地方。

Go to some parts of California.

即使设定为40%，也可能是负的潜热负荷。

You could be 40 and still be a negative latent load.

在孟菲斯，你可能会遇到很大的潜热负荷。

You could be a very big latent load in Memphis.

明白吗？

Okay?

但你可以将相对湿度调整到55%，这样会让你的计算工作量减少。

But you could change that relative humidity to 55 and make your manual less work.

手动J中甚至也这么说了。

It even says so in the manual j.

甚至在一些ASHRAE手册中，你甚至可以将湿度提高到60%。

Even in some of the ASHRAE handbooks, you could even go up to 60.

然后就完了。

And then boom.

嘿。

Hey.

看。

Look.

但即便如此，这仍然是一个特定时间点的计算。

But still, even with that, that's a calculation that's a particular point in time.

如果我在最热的夏日能把温度控制在75度或以下，任务就完成了。

If I get you 75 degrees or less in the hottest summer days, mission accomplished.

如果你想要除湿机，我建议你买一台。

If you want the dehumidifier, I recommend you get one.

这会让你舒服很多，如果他们不这么做的话，你会感觉干爽很多。

This is gonna make you much more comfortable, make you much more drier if they don't.

如果我能把相对湿度控制在58%，哪怕到60%也行。

And if I get 58, relative humidity, even if I get 60.

只要没有冷凝水，我就不会长霉。

If I don't have condensation, I'm not gonna get mold.

好的。

Okay.

我喜欢你这种思维方式：如果我们没有控制湿度的装置或设备，我们就不能对此负责。

I like that thought process right there that if we don't have a control and or equipment that is designed to control that humidity, that we really can't be responsible for it.

对。

Right.

总得有人为此买单。

And somebody's gotta pay for that.

得有人来设计它。

Somebody's gotta design it.

得有人来看看，说：嘿。

Somebody's gotta look at this and say, hey.

你要么就接受现状，要么就安装设备和控制系统，某种主动控制湿度的系统。

You're either gonna get what you get or you're gonna put in equipment and a controlling system, some kind of a control system to actively control that humidity.

否则，我们只是在被动地控制它。

Otherwise, we're really passively controlling it.

我们只是碰运气，但我们是可以选择设备的。

We're just getting lucky, but we can select equipment.

你刚才提到了Manual S的第三版。

Now you mentioned the third edition of manual s in there.

那已经发布两年了吧？

That's been out for, what, two years now?

一年？

A year?

我知道有更新的版本。

I know there's more recent versions.

我记得上个月查的时候，第三版手册的规范部分已经发布了，可能已经推出几个月了，但完整版还没公布。

I think last I checked was a month ago that the third edition manual s, I think the normative is out, and it's probably been out for a few months, but they haven't published the full edition yet.

我相信在更新的规范中，比如2027年的IECC和可能的2026年佛罗里达规范中会有所体现。

I believe in the newer codes, maybe coming in the 2027 IECCs and probably the 2026 Florida.

顺便说一下，我住在佛罗里达。

I'm in Florida, by the way.

所以下一个规范周期今年发布的一些规范将会引用第三版手册。

So some of the codes being published or this coming year for the next code cycle will reference the third edition manual s.

但我认为整本手册还没完全发布。

But it's I believe the entire volume is not out yet.

再说一遍，如果规范里没写，我们仍然按旧标准执行；用最新最好的手册是一回事，但满足规范是另一回事。

Again, if it's not in the code, we're still on per it's one thing to use the latest and greatest manual, but it's another thing to meet code.

让我跟你说说关于规范的事，这只是我的看法：规范是你的救命稻草。

Let me tell you something about code, and this is just my take, is code is your lifesaver.

我来这里不是为了贬低规范，也不认为规范只是最低标准。

I'm not here to bash code and people put the perspective of code as the bare minimum.

我不这么看待它，也不认为只要超出规范就一定做得更好。

I don't look at it that way or put that spin that whenever you do something beyond code, you're doing something better.

这并不总是对的。

That's not always true.

你可能建了一个非常密闭的房子，然后说：我不想要50CFM的浴室排风扇。

You could have a very tight house and say, I don't want 50 CFM bath exhaust fans.

我想用80CFM的排风扇。

I want 80 CFM exhaust fans.

结果你很快就会让房子负压太严重，如果没有无排气干衣机，衣服根本干不了。

And the next thing you know, you depressurize that home so much, you're gonna have issues drying your clothes if you don't have a ventless dryer.

在一个小而密闭的房子里，有三个人同时在浴室使用80CFM或110CFM的排风扇。

You've got three people in the bathroom with 80 or a 110 CFM exhaust fans in a small tight home.

顺便说一句，你根本达不到那样的排风效果。

You're not gonna get that exhaust flow, by the way.

所以当你坚持遵循规范时，比如说。

So when you stick with the code in terms of, hey.

看。

Look.

如果我遵守规范，那就是第二版手册S、第八版手册J，看看规范怎么说。

If I set meeting the code says second edition manual s, eighth edition manual j, see what the code says.

厨房排风有一个风管尺寸图表。

There's a duct sizing chart for kitchen exhaust.

我知道很多人喜欢用六英寸的管道来处理500、400 CFM的排风，最多也就这样了。

I know a lot of people like to use that six inch pipe for 500, 400 CFM range tops.

但看看规范，它明确要求使用八英寸的风管。

But look in the code, it tells you to use an eight inch duct.

明白吗？

Okay?

当然，如果更大一些，你可能需要做一点基本的风管尺寸计算。

And, of course, anything bigger, maybe you need to do a little basic duct sizing calculation for that.

但回到规范，确实，规范里没有关于湿度控制的内容。

But going back to the code, yeah, there's nothing on humidity control in the code.

暖通空调系统就是暖通空调系统。

And HVAC systems are HVAC systems.

我们并没有提到除湿。

We didn't say dehumidification.

即使是变容量系统，哦，我也可以将其容量增大最多30%。

Even a variable capacity system, oh, I could oversize that by up to 30%.

那太好了。

Well, that's great.

如果我能选三或四，而我的负荷计算正好匹配三，甚至稍微小一点也没关系，记得Manual S说可以小10%。

Well, if I could have a three or four and I'm spot on my load calc on a three, even a little undersized remember manual s says you can undersize by 10%.

这只是一个数字。

It's just a number.

负荷计算通常非常保守。

Load calcs are very conservative.

通常，它们会保守约20%。

Typically, they're conservative by about 20%.

但不要使用四吨的变容量系统，因为你会失去更多的除湿控制能力。

But don't do that four ton variable capacity because you'll have much less humidity control.

即使使用完美尺寸的两吨或三吨变容量系统，它能在一定范围内控制湿度，但它并不是除湿机。

But even with the perfect size two ton or three ton variable capacity and it could control humidity within a certain range, it's not a dehumidifier.

明白吗？

K?

如果规范只是要求使用手动S的最新版本，而不是指定具体版本，你会使用最新版吗？

Would you use the latest edition then if the codes were just to say use that latest edition of manual s rather than calling out a specific version of it?

你总是希望保持最新。

You always wanna be up to date.

你希望了解最新的版本，无论是计算还是手动S。

You wanna know what the latest and greatest edition is, whether it's a calcs and manual s.

但请记住，我不知道有些人是否还记得，2016年或2017年，当我们开始设备超配超过15%时，计算会被拒绝。

But remember this, and I don't know if some of the folks remember this in 2017, 2016, when we started going above 15% oversized on equipment, it was rejections on your calcs.

这在许可审批过程中会被拒绝。

It was rejections in the permitting process.

当时这种情况很普遍。

A lot of that was happening.

然后你不得不给出一整套解释。

And then you had to go give this whole explanation.

幸运的是，Manual J 第二版有一张一页的表格，列出了单级、多级或变频设备在15%、20%、30%超配情况下的对应关系。

Thank goodness manual less second edition had that one page table that showed single stage, multistage, or variable capacity for fifteen, twenty, 30% oversized.

我希望Manual J第三版能用非常清晰的语言，让审图人员一看就懂，然后说：好吧。

I hope that third edition manual less has something of a very easy language for plans examiners to look at, digest, and say, okay.

我们从两阶段系统20%的超配，变成了某些两吨单级系统允许25%或20%的超配，类似这样的情况。

We went from 20% oversized equipment on two stages to 25% or 20% oversized on some two ton single stage systems or something like that.

明白吗？

Okay?

这可能会很难通过审核。

That could be hard to pass.

所以，即使手册第三版中写明你可以这么做，但如果计划审查员不认可，你也拿不到批准。

So just because it comes out and says you could do this in the manual s third edition doesn't mean you'll get it approved if the plans examiners don't buy it.

明白吗？

Okay?

所以，嘿，这也没关系。

So, hey, that's fine.

如果你想要一个20%左右超配的单级系统，而计划审查员拒绝了你，那你就得让人改用变容量系统，并说：嘿，你看，这可是我唯一能通过审批的办法。

If you want a 20 something percent oversized single stage and the plans examiner rejects you for it, you make someone get a variable capacity and say, hey, look, this is the only way I could get this approved.

我明白了。

Gotcha.

我还想提一下，手册第三版已经发布了，ACA现在改变了他们处理这个手册的方式。

I did wanna throw out there, manual s has been out, the third edition's been out, and ACA changed the way that they're doing that particular manual now.

他们实际上免费向所有人提供规范性部分。

They're actually providing the normative section at no charge to everybody.

所以现在你可以登录他们的网站，直接在手册网站上查看这一部分。

So that one is now a you can go on their website and just view it through manual s.

你可以下载它，但必须在线才能查看。

You can download it, but it has to be online and viewable to be able to view that.

然后他们正在发布信息性部分。

And then they are publishing the informative section.

这部分将作为付费书籍出售，但他们现在将手册的这两个部分分开，以便能够尽早发布规范性部分——对我们听众来说，这部分包含了所有实际要求和规范性语言。

That will be a for purchase book, but they're now separating those two sections of that manual so that they were able to publish the normative section pretty early on, which for our listeners out there, that's the one that has all the actual requirements, the code language in it and everything.

是的。

Yes.

而信息性部分则教你如何使用它。

And then the informative section teaches you how to use that.

所以我的理解是，他们即将发布，我记得本该早就发布了。

So my understanding is they're gonna be publishing, and I think it was supposed to be out a while back.

我不久前还和ACA的韦斯聊过这件事，他说他们仍在完善信息性部分，但这本书会很不错，旨在帮助承包商更好地利用它。

I actually talked to Wes over at ACA a little while ago about that, and he said it's they're still working on the informative section, but it's actually gonna be a nice book and try to help the contractors utilize that a little bit more.

所以我认为他们这么做是个明智的决定。

So I think that was a good move on their part.

是的

Yeah.

变得越来越好。

It gets better and better.

别误会。

And don't get me wrong.

我非常喜欢。

I love it.

我总是喜欢这些新信息。

I'm always loving the new information.

关于规范部分，我注意到两个变化：现在他们提供了除湿机尺寸选择的指导，比以前好很多。

On the normative, just to give you two changes that I noticed is now they have guidance for dehumidifier sizing, much better guidance than before.

他们将两级尺寸的上限从20%提高到了25%。

They did increase two stage sizing from 20% to 25%.

现在两级系统可以允许25%的超配。

You can now 25% oversized for two stage systems.

所以请记住这一点。

So just keep that in mind.

我提到这一点的原因是，根据现行规范，现在两阶段系统允许25%的超配，但第三版Manual S中还没有包含这一点。

The reason I mentioned that is if you 25% is two stage system now under the current codes, that third edition manual s isn't in there.

目前仍是第二版，而审查人员只会遵循规范中的内容。

It's the second edition, and plans examiners are only gonna follow what's in the code.

他们之所以这么早就推出这个规范性章节，是为了让其纳入下一版规范的制定过程中，许多州的执行机构都会跟进。

The reason they came out with that normative section very early was to get into the codes being worked on on the next code cycle in many of the state enforcements.

明白了。

Gotcha.

关于如何选择设备，这里有一些非常有用的信息。

Some really good information there on how to select that equipment.

我喜欢你提出的某些观点。

I like some of your thoughts in there.

这真的很好。

That's really good.

你通常去哪里获取关于设备选型的大量信息？

Where do you go to find a lot of your information on equipment selection?

你是自己负责设备选型，还是更多交给承包商来做？

Are you doing the equipment selection, or are you leaving that up more to the contractors?

我来做。

I do.

我负责设备选型。

I do the equipment selection.

作为设计师，很多时候我并不知道谁会负责安装。

As a designer, a lot of times, I don't know who's gonna do the install.

当我的一半客户都是三C公司时，这真是太好了。

It's great when half my clients are a three c companies.

这位先生是开利的，那位先生是莱诺克斯的，或者那位女士可能是迪克和古德曼之类的。

This gentleman's a carrier, that gentleman's a Lennox, or that lady maybe Dyke and Goodman or something like that.

这真的非常好。

That's all really great.

大多数时候，我没有这些信息。

Most of the time, I don't have that information.

那么，好吧，外面有哪些公开信息，比如满负荷规格、不同温度和风量下的完整性能数据。

So, okay, what has public information out there, full capacity specs, your full performance capacity for different temperatures and air flows.

Goodman的产品有这些信息，这很好。

Goodman's have that, which is great.

所以，通常我会选择Goodman。

So, generally, I'm picking a Goodman.

但顺便说一下，关于规范，或者一旦你的文件获得批准，制冷量是一个关键因素，比如。

But definitely, by the way, with regards to code or once you get that paperwork approved, tonnage is a big thing in terms of, hey.

我在安装时是否符合规范？

Am I meeting code here at the installation?

一旦设计和审批确定为两吨或两吨半，你就不能安装更大的设备。

You can't put in something bigger once things have been designed and permitted on two tons or two and a half.

你不能进来安装三吨或三吨半的设备，但别人可能会换一个其他品牌的制造商。

You can't come in and put in a three or three and a half, but someone could come in and put in another manufacturer.

所以记住，规范并没有要求我必须使用欧文斯科宁的R19保温棉。

So remember, this is code doesn't say I have to do Owens Corning r 19 bats.

我不能用岩棉。

I can't use rock wool.

我不能用约翰曼维尔的产品。

I can't use John Mansville.

规范并不指定制造商。

Code doesn't dictate the manufacturer.

所以，我又回到了一个黑箱状态。

So really, I'm in a black box again.

但看看尺寸吧。

But look at the sizing.

两吨、两吨半、三吨。

Two tons, two and a half, three.

这就是为什么我不太依赖扩展的性能数据。

This is why I don't weigh too heavy on expanded performance data.

我非常喜欢AHRI的信息。

I love AHRI information.

这是我一个不受欢迎的观点，但我非常推崇它，也就是说，嘿。

This is the unpopular opinion that I have, but I'm a very big fan of it is to say, hey.

看。

Look.

AHRI是唯一对容量进行第三方验证的机构。

AHR is the only third party verification on capacity.

好吧。

Okay.

否则，我只能从制造商那里获取数据。

Otherwise, I gotta get it from the manufacturer.

如果我没有这些账户信息，如果承包商也没有这些信息，我怎么能完成一个完全准确的Manual S呢？

And if I don't have that account information, if the contractor doesn't have that information, how can I do a complete super accurate manual s?

但接下来的问题是，我在意吗？

But then the question is, do I care?

我不是在贬低这个意思。

And I don't mean that in a bad way.

我的意思是，如果我的AHRI显示我两吨的设备是22,000 BTU，而一个制造商可能是24,000，另一个可能是23,000，我却不知道潜热和显热的分配比例，而且来不及获取这些信息。

What I mean is if my AHRI says I'm 22,000 BTUs on a two ton and one manufacturer may be 24, one manufacturer may be 23, and I don't know the latent or sensible splits, and I can't get that information in time.

但如果我的负荷计算总得热是23、22或21，我就会选择两吨的设备。

But if my total heat gain on that load calc is 23, 22, 21, I'm doing a two ton.

这根本没别的办法。

There's just no way around it.

我肯定会选两吨的。

I'm doing a two ton.

我不会选一吨半的。

I'm not gonna do a ton and a half.

我不会选两吨半的。

I'm not gonna do a two and a half.

而且，如果我能在最热的一天让室内达到75度，那就算是大功告成了。

And, again, if I could satisfy 75 degrees on the hottest day, mission accomplished.

如果湿度高于50%，那没问题。

If the humidity is above 50, that's okay.

你感觉舒适吗？

Are you comfortable?

第一点是，你感觉舒适吗？

Number one is are you comfortable?

如果你在55%或60%的相对湿度下感到舒适，且没有冷凝现象，那就没问题。

If you're comfortable at 55, if you're comfortable at 60 relative humidity, no condensation, we're good.

我们没问题。

We're good.

我有个朋友，如果相对湿度低于50%，她就会流鼻血。

I had a friend who if you went below 50 relative humidity, she would get bloody noses.

她可能来自一个非常非常潮湿的地方，但有些人真的受不了那么干燥的环境。

She was maybe from some other area where it was really, really humid, but just some people can't be that dry.

但我对使用AHRI容量来确定设备尺寸并不太担心。

But I am not too concerned by using AHRI capacity for sizing equipment.

那加利福尼亚呢？

Now what about in California?

好的。

Okay.

在亚利桑那，你可能会遇到105华氏度、110甚至115华氏度的天气。

You may have a 105 degree days or Arizona, a 110, a 115.

记住，一天中最热的时候通常在下午两点到四点之间。

Well, remember, this is the peak time of day is gonna be somewhere between two and 04:00.

明白吗？

Okay?

但进入建筑物的最高热负荷出现在早上八点。

But the peak heat gain entering the building is gonna be 08:00.

你可能不信，大家都以为是七点，但通常其实是八点或更晚，因为墙体的保温性能比新建住宅更好。

Believe it or not, I know everyone thinks seven, but usually it's 08:00 or later because the walls are having more insulation than the newer construction homes.

所以，在加利福尼亚和亚利桑那，晚上八点、九点甚至七点时，室外温度已经不是一天中最极端的时候了。

So California, Arizona, at eight or 9PM or even 7PM, that outdoor temperature isn't at that extreme point in time anymore.

所以，尽管我们只在某一时刻观察情况，看到当时的天气条件，但大多数情况下，到早上8点时，温度已经低于90度。

So even though we look at things at one point in time and you look at that weather condition at one point in time, most often than not, by 08:00, you're below 90 degrees.

因此，从总容量角度来看，我不担心AHRI在95度下的额定值。

So from a total capacity, I'm not concerned about the AHRI being rated at 95 degrees.

有意思。

Interesting.

我们回头再谈谈你刚才说的那部分，我想把这一点拆开细说一下。

Let's go back on that, what you just said there, because I wanna break that down a little bit.

你所说的，本质上是热量通过墙体传递所需的延迟时间。

What you're talking about is essentially the delay time that it takes that heat to transfer through that wall.

因为室外温度达到110度，并不意味着热量会立即传入墙体内部。

Because just because it's a 110 degrees outside doesn't mean that that heat is immediately transferring through that wall.

由于墙体内部有隔热材料，热量传递存在延迟。

You've got a delay in transfer because of the insulation in there.

我这样理解对吗？

Am I understanding that right?

你说得完全对。

You're absolutely right.

对。

Yep.

绝缘材料、质量、热容量以及整个结构的热导率。

Insulation, the mass, the heat capacity, the thermal conductivity of the entire assembly.

是的。

Yeah.

好的。

Okay.

你之前提到，你即将推出一款软件。

Well, you mentioned earlier that you're making and putting out a software in the near future.

能给我们讲讲这个软件吗？为什么你决定要做它？

Tell us a little bit about that and tell us why you decided to do that.

你还提到，你在其中使用了一些可能与历史上常用方法不同的计算方式。

And you mentioned that you're using some different calculations in that maybe than have historically been used.

那我们来聊聊这个吧。

So let's talk about that a little bit.

谢谢。

Thank you.

所以我正在使用我开发的用于住宅的TrueLoads软件。

So I'm using for TrueLoads for residential software that I have.

它并不是采用Manual J方法。

It's not doing the manual j method.

事实上，我认为即将推出的第九版Manual J方法将与我们今天所熟知的有很大不同。

In fact, I even believe the manual j method coming up in probably the ninth edition is gonna be very different from what we're used to today.

所以这将是一个全新的故事。

So it's gonna be a different story.

我觉得我可能走在了前面。

I think I'm probably ahead of the game.

因此，这个ASHRAE热平衡法是目前最新、最先进方法，尽管它已经问世二十多年了。

So this ASHRAE heat balance is the latest and greatest method, although it's been out for well over twenty years.

但手动J法、CLTD法，也就是上世纪七十年代提出的等效温差法（现在称为冷却负荷温度差），原本是为了让人能够手工计算负荷而设计的简化方法。

But the manual j, the CLTD, the reason that was created in the seventies or equivalent temperature difference now cooling load temperature difference, that was a way to simplify load calcs for people to do things by hand.

后来，随着计算机变得普及且廉价，出现了不少优秀的冷却负荷程序，它们虽然采用的是手动J法，但本质上仍然是手工计算的逻辑。

And then eventually, once computers were becoming popular and cheap, now you have some good cooling load programs that do the manual chain method, but it's still doing a hand calc method.

所有这些方法实际上都基于上世纪八十年代的技术。

All that stuff's actually based on the nineteen eighties.

因此，对于使用厚实ICF或厚实SIP板建造的房屋，或者双层墙体结构的房屋，手动J法会非常保守，仅在围护结构方面就可能高估至少20%。

So having a thick ICF or a thick SIP panel home, having a double stud home, okay, the manual j is gonna be very, very conservative, at least by 20% overestimating just on the envelope.

明白吗？

Okay?

我这里没谈空气渗透，尽管这方面误差也相当大。

Not talking infiltration, although that's quite a bit off.

我对这一点很有把握。

I'm pretty sure on that.

所以我想要做些不同的东西，是因为我不想再做一个另一个手动J法的软件。

So the reason I wanted to do something different was I didn't wanna be another manual j software.

软件。

Software.

这是另一个Manual J工具。

Here's another Manual J tool.

我想做一个非常精确的工具，能够捕捉当今的建筑方法。

I wanted something really accurate, something that could capture today's construction methodologies.

另一点是，大多数人并不知道，对于高层建筑或许多具有一个或两个朝向的多户住宅，你其实无法使用Manual J进行计算。

And then the other thing was most often people don't know this that you can't really do Manual J on high rise buildings or many of the multi families if it's got one or two exposures.

Manual J的CLTD是时间平均、朝向平均的CLTD，且仅适用于特定构造。

Manual j, the CLTD is a time averaged orientation averaged CLTD, and it's for a specific construction.

然而，我们用这种特定构造来近似代表一大类构造。

However, we take that specific construction and we use it for many, call it a window of constructions as an approximation.

但如果我们能进行每小时的计算，我就可以说：嘿。

But being able to do something hourly, I could say, hey.

看。

Look.

我有一个位于迈阿密的酒店或公寓，面向海洋；或者我在坦帕有一个公寓，面向西海岸。

I've got this hotel or I've got this condo in Miami, and I face the ocean, or I got the condo in Tampa and I'm facing the West Coast.

峰值出现的时间以及太阳辐射强度究竟是多少？真正的峰值负荷是多少？

The time on when that peak comes and the solar radiation intensity of what that is, what is the real peak load?

只有通过小时级计算才能做到。

You could only do it with an hourly.

只有使用没有经过CLTD和朝向平均化处理的工具才能做到。

You could only do it with something that hasn't been time averaged in CLTD orientation average.

所以你必须深入到核心的物理原理。

So you gotta get to the core physics.

我们具备实现这一点的能力。

And we have the capabilities of doing that.

如今许多商业软件早在十五年前就已经放弃了CLTD方法。

A lot of the commercial softwares today, they went away from CLTD probably fifteen years ago.

一些优秀的商业程序正在使用RTS方法，这仍然是ASHRAE热平衡的简化版本，但并不是完整的ASHRAE热平衡。

Some of the good commercial programs are doing the RTS, which is still a simplified version of the ASHRAE heat balance, but it's not the ASHRAE heat balance.

所以进行热平衡计算时，核心是材料的物理属性、实际的热滞后时间、热质量等，因为我掌握了这些核心属性数据。

So doing the heat balance, it's the core material property physics, the actual time delay in thermal lag, thermal mass, all that stuff because I've got the core property information.

并且根据地理位置，我能够获得不同时间段内不同的辐射强度和变化曲线。

And based on the location, I've got different radiation intensities and different profiles throughout the hour.

COTD 对纬度和位置有一些调整，但非常有限。

COTD has some adjustments for latitude and location, but it's very weak.

关键是，ASHRAE 热平衡法不关心建筑构造如何。

The thing is with an ashtray heat balance is it doesn't matter what construction.

无论是什么地点、世界哪个区域，无论是一面受光、两面受光，还是高层建筑，它都一视同仁。

It doesn't matter what location, what part of the world, or if it's got one exposure, two exposures, or high rise.

它能够相当准确地模拟围护结构的负荷。

It's gonna model that envelope load pretty darn accurately.

很有趣的内容。

Interesting stuff.

这看起来会更像一些能耗模拟软件，还是说仍然会有所不同？

This is gonna look a lot more, I guess, like some of the energy modeling software perhaps, or is that gonna be still different from that?

很好的问题。

Great question.

你说得对。

You're right.

能量建模使用的是热平衡方法。

The energy modeling is doing the heat balance method.

但我的真实负荷目标是，在开发过程中我一直坚持这一点：它不需要比你现在做J计算所需的更多输入。

But my goal with true loads is, and I've been keeping true to this in the development, is it's not gonna need any more inputs than what you currently do to do a j.

事实上，它需要的输入更少。

In fact, it's gonna have less inputs.

在手动J计算中，有很多冗余的输入，比如。

There's a lot of redundant inputs in manual j where, hey.

看。

Look.

如果我可以在阁楼里养鸭子，好吧，一个虚构的阁楼，但接着我有一个封闭式阁楼。

If I could have ducks in a attic, okay, an invented attic, but then I have an encapsulated attic.

你得在许多其他软件程序中修复所有这些问题。

And you gotta fix all that stuff in many of these other software programs.

每一样都是零零散散的。

Everything is piece, piece, piece, piece.

你得手动指定。

You gotta specify.

所以，也许减少一些问题，直接在软件中设置正确的公式。

So maybe having less questions and getting to the right formula setup in the software.

再次强调，就是减少冗余。

Again, just less redundancy.

我不应该还得说我是三层楼还是两层楼，或者我的建筑朝向是什么。

I shouldn't have to say I'm three stories or two stories or here's my exposure.

如果你画了一个三层楼的建筑，系统理应自动知道要用三层楼的渗透模型。

If you draw a three story building, you better know it's a three story infiltration model.

所以很多这类信息，软件根本不会问你。

So a lot of that stuff, it's not gonna ask you.

你可以构建每一面墙。

You can build every wall.

不幸的是，当你面对像双层墙或其他复杂建筑结构时，你就得提出问题。

Unfortunately, when you're getting to complex building constructions like double studs and then any sort of other funky constructions, you gotta ask the question.

你必须了解这种结构是什么。

You gotta know what that construction is.

但除此之外，软件在内部负荷方面会问得更少，我的软件已经内置了内部负荷。

But other than that, it's gonna ask less on the internal loads my software is gonna have internal loads built in.

你不需要手动输入主卧或客厅、电视或厨房电器中有两个人。

You shouldn't have to put in two people in the master bedroom or in the living room or the TV or the kitchen appliances.

我的意思是，一旦你知道是厨房，那它就是厨房。

I mean, once you know it's a kitchen, it's a kitchen.

它配有标准电器，但如果需要，你也可以添加更多。

It's got standard appliances, but you could put in more if there is more.

如果你知道某人的厨房里有两个冰箱和两个冰柜，或者 Utility 房间里有两个热水器，你仍然可以手动设置这些情况。

If you know someone's got two refrigerators and two freezers in their kitchen or two water heaters in the utility room, you have that control of doing that.

但会有一些默认的内部负荷，所以它甚至不会问你内部负荷是多少。

But there's gonna be some default internal loads, so it's not even gonna ask you what the internal loads are.

它会根据空间类型直接内置。

It's just gonna be built in based on the space type.

这样可以为你节省时间。

So it's gonna save you time.

有意思。

Interesting.

所以这会是一个在线工具，还是通过应用程序实现，或者它是怎么运作的？

So is that going to be, like, an online tool, or will it be through an app, or how will that work?

我们还在考虑是否要推出桌面版，但我们最终选择了云软件的方向。

We're still doing some stuff on maybe making it maybe a desktop version as well, but we went with the direction of doing it as a cloud based software.

这样做的原因是，我讨厌每三年就花几千块买一台新笔记本电脑，只为满足我所用工具的图形和性能需求。

The reason for that is I hate spending a few grand on a laptop every three years because of the graphics and the consumption for many of the tools that I use.

如果是云平台上的工具，当然你需要良好的网络连接。

If it's something on the cloud, of course, you need good Internet.

但如果它在云端，就不会像许多桌面软件那样出现图形问题、延迟或卡顿。

But if it's on the cloud, it's not gonna have a graphics issue or delay or a lag that a lot of desktops do.

软件的更新将是自动的。

Updates will be automatic in the software.

用户无需做任何操作。

The user doesn't have to do anything.

你可以在家使用你的电脑。

You could go use your computer at home.

你也可以在工作时使用你的电脑。

You could go use your computer at work.

你不必总是随身携带笔记本电脑。

You don't always have to take your laptop with you.

因此，我决定选择云端软件这一方向，这就是Treeloads。

So having a cloud based software was a direction I decided to go with Treeloads.

但也许将来可以提供下载版本，甚至进一步开发手机应用，用于其他功能。

But maybe having something later on as a download and then even going into the future, having something of a phone app as well too for other things.

大概还有一年的时间，但我已经非常接近完成我们True Loads中的热损失和热增益手动合规报告了。

Been probably a year away, but I'm very close to having at least the heat loss heat gain, manual less compliance report in our true loads.

所以

So

非常好。

Very nice.

我们快要把这个话题收尾了。

We're getting close to wrapping this one up here.

提供了很多有用的信息，托尼。

A lot of good information, Tony.

谢谢你来参加。

Thank you for coming on here.

我确实想问你一下，有没有什么想对听众们分享的最后想法？

I do wanna ask you, any final thoughts you wanna share with the listeners out there?

关于负荷计算，如果我坚持这一点的话，我觉得负荷计算是一件很有趣的事情。

Well, on load calcs, if I stick with that, is I look at load calcs as something that's fun to do.

不是那种特别有趣的乐趣，但我可以喝点东西，做负荷计算，稍微放松一下。

Not fun fun, but I could have a drink and do load calcs and relax a little bit.

明白吗？

Okay?

认真听。

Pay attention.

要全面。

Be thorough.

要细致。

Be detailed.

清楚自己的责任。

Know what your responsibility is.

然后，当然，当涉及到风管设计时，那又是更进一步的事情了。

And then, of course, when it's duct designs and you get into that, that's something even further.

但要相信你的负荷计算。

But trust your loads.

如果你注重细节，关注挑檐和所有这些方面，认真对待细节，你的负荷计算就不会出错。

If you're paying attention to detail, you're paying attention to the overhangs and all that stuff, pay attention to details, your load calcs aren't wrong.

别担心这个。

Don't worry about it.

明白吗？

Okay?

即使是商业项目，我也会告诉人们，商业负荷计算实际上比住宅负荷更容易。

Even in commercial, I tell people, commercial load calcs are actually easier than residential loads.

住宅负荷占主导地位。

Residential loads is very dominant.

商业负荷中可能存在很多未知因素，但里面还有很多其他因素在起作用。

In commercial loads, there could be a lot of unknowns, but there's a lot of other stuff going on in there.

所以如果你能做住宅负荷计算，就能做商业负荷计算。

So if you could do residential loads, you could do commercial loads.

如果出了问题，如果有什么不对劲，很可能不是你的负荷计算错了。

If something is wrong, if something's not working, it's probably not your load calc.

可能是其他地方出了问题。

It's probably something else.

明白吗？

Okay?

为了让你对这一点更有信心，我的网站是 1dtruloads.com。

So just to give you a little bit of confidence in there, my website is 1dtruloads.com.

我们很快就会推出更新和免费试用。

We'll be having updates and free trials pretty soon.

我将参加在拉斯维加斯举行的 AHR 展会。

I'll be at the AHR Expo in Vegas.

所以随时欢迎联系我。

And so feel free to reach out.

关注我一下。

Check me out.

而且

And

托尼，非常感谢你今天前来参加。

Tony, thank you very much for coming on today.

我们非常享受今天的对话，以及你分享的全部知识。

We really enjoyed the conversation here and all of the knowledge shared today.

各位，我们下次再见。

Folks, we will catch you on the next one.

非常感谢你，托尼。

Thanks a lot, Tony.

谢谢你，埃里克。

Thank you, Eric.

谢谢。

Thank you.

感谢您收听本期《建筑暖通科学播客》。

Thanks for tuning in to this episode of the Building HVAC Science Podcast.

我本该之前提到的，本期节目中一个值得注意的引述是：尽可能简单，但不要过于简化。

One of the notable quotes from the episode I should have mentioned before is make it as simple as possible, but not simpler.

如果您有任何问题或想推荐话题，请通过 marketing@TruTechtools.com 联系我们，网址是 t r u t e c h t o o l s dot com。

If you have any questions or wanna suggest a topic, reach out to us at marketing@TruTechtools.com, t r u t e c h t o o l s dot com.

我们讨论的一些话题需要专业培训才能正确理解或安全操作。

Some of the topics we discuss require technical training for proper interpretation or safe execution.

因此，如果您是经过培训的专业人员，可以立即继续。

So if you're a trained pro, you can proceed immediately.

如果您不是，请咨询并聘请一位经过培训的专业人员。

If you're not, please consult with and hire a trained pro.

《建筑暖通科学播客》，由Tru Tech Tools有限公司制作。

The Billing HVAC Science Podcast, a production of Tru Tech Tools Limited.

在此全面披露：我是Tru Tech的联合所有者。

In full disclosure, I'm a co owner of Tru Tech.

所表达的观点属于我的嘉宾、我的联合主持人或我本人，具体取决于说话者是谁。

The opinions expressed to those of my guests, my cohost, or myself, depending on who is speaking, of course.

如果您正在寻找我们播客中提到的任何工具或测试仪器，请看看Tru Tech Tools提供的产品。

If you're in the market for any tools or test instruments mentioned in our podcast, look at what Tru Tech Tools has to offer.

那就是 trutechtools.com。

That's trutechtools.com.

你可以使用优惠码 HVACBS 获得不错的折扣。

You can use the offer code HVACBS for a nice discount.

感谢你们收听我们，并关注 Building HVAC Science。

I wanna thank you for listening to us and following us on Building HVAC Science.

请帮忙传播一下。

Please spread the word.

我们经常听到听众的积极反馈，希望也能听到你的声音。

We hear a lot of good feedback from people that listen, and hopefully, we'll hear that from you too.

再次感谢。

Thanks again.

祝你有美好的一天。

Have a wonderful day.