BE 637: Did 还是 Have？商务英语中的过去时语法

这里是商务英语播客第637期。

This is the Business English Podcast episode six thirty seven.

英语中的“did”和过去式语法，用于商务英语。

Did or have past tense grammar for business English.

欢迎收听来自All Ears English的商务英语播客。

Welcome to the Business English Podcast from All Ears English.

获取你需要的英语技能，在全球商务中实现你的梦想。

Get the English skills you need to achieve your dreams in global business.

无论是做演示、开会，还是参加公司派对，这里都是真实的商务英语，由你最喜欢的美国主持人Lindsay和Aubrey主持，他们来自美国亚利桑那州和科罗拉多州。

For a presentation, a meeting, or your office party, this is Real Business English with your favorite American host, Lindsay and Aubrey, coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, USA.

有时候

Sometimes

学英语的人认为自己的问题是词汇量，但通常问题更深层次。

English learners think their problem is vocabulary, but often the issue is something deeper.

是犹豫。

It's hesitation.

你会停下来去翻译。

You pause to translate.

你会停下来检查语法。

You pause to check grammar.

你会停下来找那个最合适的词。

You pause search for the perfect word.

这些小小的停顿累积起来，会打断对话的自然流畅。

Those small pauses add up and interrupt the natural flow of conversation.

你可以轻松回应，不用每句话都反复琢磨。

You can respond with ease without constantly analyzing every sentence.

我们免费的'两分钟流利度测试'会告诉你目前的水平，以及你需要提升哪些技能。

Our free two minute fluency quiz will show you your current level and what skills you need to improve.

访问 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

网址是 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

That's allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

嘿，Lindsay。

Hey, Lindsay.

最近怎么样？

How's it going?

挺好的，Aubrey。

Good, Aubrey.

你呢？

How are you?

今天过得怎么样？

How's it going today?

我特别好。

I am great.

你今天完成了很多事吗？

Have you gotten a lot done today?

我的天哪。

Oh my God.

说实话，我们刚开始录的时候我才刚起床。

Well, I just started the day when we started recording, honestly.

所以没做多少事。

So not too much.

你呢？

What about you?

录了一些内容，但除此之外，是的，我今天确实做了不少事。

Some recording, but other than that now, yeah, I did get a lot done today.

我今天早上效率很高，但我有个问题。

I had a very productive morning, but I have a question.

这挺有意思的。

This is interesting.

如果我问你“你今天做了很多事吗”，会有什么不同？

What would be different if I asked, did you get a lot done today?

哦，那我可能会觉得一天已经结束了，对吧？

Oh, well, I would think I would start to think that maybe the day was finished, right?

在上午11点问这个问题会很奇怪。

Would be strange for me to ask that question at 11AM.

确实会

Would be

很奇怪，对吧？因为我才刚开始

weird Yeah, because I'm just getting

一天还有很多时间呢。

there's a lot of the day still.

这就是关键。

That's the key.

但如果是下午5点，我可能会问你这个问题，对吧？

But at 5PM, I might ask you that, right?

因为我可能快结束了。

Because I'm probably wrapping up.

我在收尾，准备去健身或者什么的，对吧？

I'm finishing up going to work out or something, right?

是的。

Yes.

没错。

Exactly.

这很有意思。

This is fascinating.

我们今天讨论的是过去时语法。

We are talking about past tense grammar today.

我们在YouTube上收到了一个很好的问题。

We got a great question on YouTube.

什么时候……

When...

我们为什么用did或have？

Why are we using did or have?

我们会在这里为你详细分解。

And we're gonna break it down for you here.

好的。

Alright.

太棒了。

Great.

那么这个问题……

So this question...

这个问题来自我们的YouTube频道。

This question comes from our YouTube channel.

各位，我们有一个All Ears English的YouTube频道。

Guys, we have a YouTube channel for All Ears English.

所以大家可以搜索All Ears English Podcast。

So go ahead and type in All Ears English Podcast.

你们会找到这个频道，并成为我们众多订阅者之一。

You will find the channel and be one of our many subscribers.

点一下订阅按钮，这样新一集发布的时你们马上就能收到更新。

Hit that subscribe button so you get updates as soon as a new episode comes out.

我们每周发布五期。

We publish five days a week.

明白了吗？

Okay?

太棒了。

Awesome.

是的。

Yes.

好。

Alright.

好的，我们在All Ears English每周发布五期。

Well, we publish five days a week on All Ears English.

所以，在周二这边，每周有三期。

So three days a week over here on Tuesday.

所以两个都关注，你就不会错过……

So follow both the podcast, you'll never...

你每天都会有播客听，完全没错。

You'll have a podcast every Exactly.

这里有个问题。

Here's the question.

你好。

Hi there.

我是来自意大利的杰西卡。

I'm Jessica from Italy.

我多年来一直在听你们的播客，它帮了我很多，让我的英语水平提升了不少。

I've been listening to your podcast for years now, and it has helped me so much to level up my English.

知道这个真是太好了。

That's great to know.

是的。

Yes.

关于这集我有一个问题。

One question about this episode.

在角色扮演里，你说了“did you finish your report yet？”

In the role play, you said, did you finish your report yet?

我觉得听起来有点怪。

It sounded strange to me.

我可能会说“have you finished your report yet？”

I would have said, have you finished your report yet?

你能解释一下吗？

Could you explain this?

也许这是过去式在口语中的用法。

Maybe it's a colloquial use of the past simple.

谢谢。

Thank you.

我非常感谢你的工作。

I appreciate your work so much.

哦，这是个关于过去时语法的很好的问题。

Oh, this is such a great question about past tense grammar.

因为根据不同的语境，这两种说法意思很接近，几乎可以互换，但它们表达的含义确实有细微差别。

Because depending on the context, these can have a very similar meaning and can be almost interchangeable, but they do imply something different.

所以这两种说法不能说哪个是错的，区别在于它们隐含的意味不同。

So it's not like either of these are incorrect, but what's different is the implication.

我很期待深入探讨这个问题。

I'm excited to dive into this.

好的。

All right.

那么，'have you finished' 是什么意思呢？

So what do we mean by have you finished?

奥布里，这种说法想表达什么？

Like what's the implication of that Aubrey?

如果你用 'have'，说 'have you finished'，

If you use have and say have you finished?

那你用的是现在完成时。

You're using present perfect tense.

这暗示着还有时间把它完成。

This implies that there's still time to finish it.

我们这样问，是在答案可能是‘还没’的时候。

We ask this when the answer could be not yet.

但‘你完成了吗？’

But did you finish?

如果使用‘did’说‘你完成了吗？’

If you use did and say did you finish?

你用的是过去式，言下之意是这件事现在已经完成，我们问的时候预期答案是‘是的’。

You're using past simple grammar and the implication is that it needed to be finished by now, by the time we're asking, we're expecting the answer to be yes.

对，你是说有个截止时间，对吗？

Yeah, was some kind of a deadline, you mean?

这很微妙。

It's very subtle.

但就像我刚才问你‘你今天做了很多事吗？’一样。

But just like when I asked you, have you gotten a lot done today?

这通常是在一天早些时候问的，对吧？

This would be asked earlier in the day, right?

就是说，到目前为止你做了些什么？

It's like, what have you done so far?

今天还有更多时间可以继续做。

There's still more time in the day to do more.

如果我用“did”，说“你今天做了很多吗？”

And if I use did and I said, did you get a lot done today?

这样的话，我是在说这项任务已经定了，对吧？

This I'm, it's finalized, right?

这是在一天结束时，我在问你完成了什么。

It's the end of I'm the asking what you got done.

没有时间再做更多了。

There's not time to do more.

这就是这两种时态之间的区别。

That's the difference between these two grammar tenses.

所以这两种说法都没有错，只是含义不同，你说的话背后的意思会不一样。

So neither of these is incorrect, but they just have different implications, You're gonna the subtext of what you're saying is gonna be different.

那我们再举几个例子吧，Aubrey，比如你是说 have you contacted someone 还是 did you contact someone？

So let's go into a couple more examples, Aubrey, like have you contacted someone or did you contact someone?

没错。

Exactly.

因为这不只是针对 finish 这个动词的，对吧？

Because it's not like this is just for that verb finish, right?

你用的任何动词，都可以选择 did 或 have，用的时态不同，含义也就不同。

Any verb you use, you can choose did or have, you're using a different verb tense and it will have a different implication.

就拿 contacted 来说，如果我问 have you contacted the client yet？

So for contacted, if I say, have you contacted the client yet?

而对比 did you contact the client yet？

Versus did you contact the client yet?

这里面是有区别的，对吧？

There is a difference, right?

你联系了吗？

Have you contacted?

可能还没联系。

It could be not yet.

还有时间。

There's still time.

你联系客户了吗？

Did you contact the client yet?

这有点暗示你应该已经做完了。

There's a slight implication of it should have been done by now.

所以，这就是语气的问题。

So, it's the tone.

所以我们可能表达出更多的急切，你明白吧。

So, we're kind of maybe we're showing a little more impatience, you know.

或者说，关键在于截止时间是什么时候，对吧？

Or it's all about like, when was the deadline, right?

那我问的时候，会根据这件事应该什么时候完成来决定用“have”还是“did”。

I'm asking, I'll ask depending on when this should have been done, I'll choose either have or did.

那“have you seen”和“did you see”呢？

What about have you seen or did you see?

“Have you seen the finance report”和“Did you see the finance report”有什么区别？

Have you seen the finance report versus did you see the finance report?

对的，你看，这两个其实差不多可以互换。

Yeah, as you can see, these are pretty interchangeable.

通常用哪个都行。

It's often either of these are going to work.

区别很细微。

The implication is slight.

很微妙，对吧？

It is subtle, right?

所以第一个，“Have you seen the finance report？”

So for the first one, have you seen the finance report?

就像我们说的，这里有个小技巧，答案总是可以回答“还没”。

Like we said, a pro tip here is the answer could always be not yet.

所以如果你不希望答案是“还没”，比如时间已经过了，应该已经完成了。

So if you don't want the answer to be not yet, if like the time has passed, it should have been done by now.

我们不想听到“还没”的话，就会用“did”而不是“have”，对吧？

We don't want a not yet, then we would say did instead of have, right?

你看过财务报告了吗？

Have you seen the finance report?

可能会回答，哦，还没呢。

It could be like, oh, not yet.

没意识到，是的。

Didn't realize Yeah.

那倒是。

It was

或者，他们签了吗？是“have they signed”还是“did they sign”呢？

Or have they signed or did they sign?

他们签合同了吗？

Have they signed the contract yet?

还是说他们签了合同吗？

Or did they sign the contract yet?

一回事，对吧？

Same thing, right?

一回事，对吧？

Thing, right?

他们签了吗？

Have they signed?

还没呢。

Not yet.

还有时间。

There's time still.

如果我说，他们签合同了吗？

And if I say, did they sign the contract yet?

我希望答案是肯定的。

I'm hoping the answer is yes.

时间已经过了。

The time has passed.

我们逾期了，而且……

We're out And of

我觉得这两个词其实可以互换使用，对吧？

I think it is pretty interchangeable at the same time, right?

我们经常互换着用。

We interchange these.

在这里，大家有很大的灵活度。

There's lot of flexibility you can have here guys.

对，这对这种情况来说非常重要。

Yeah, that is huge here for something like this.

这可能是关于过去式和现在完成时，我收到最多的问题，比其他动词时态都多，因为很难确定该用哪个。

This is, I probably get questions more about past simple versus present perfect than any other verb tenses because it is tricky to know which should I use.

你经常会看到母语者用其中一个，而且不清楚他们为什么选择这个或那个。

Often you'll see native speakers use one or the other and it's not clear why they're choosing one or the other.

我们之前也聊过这个话题，尤其是在All Ears English播客上，我们那里经常讲语法，其实很多时候你是可以选择的。

And we've talked about this before, especially on the All Ears English Podcast, we cover grammar often a little more over there, that often you have a choice.

关键在于时间有多重要，对吧？

It is all about how important the time is, right?

时间才是关键。

The time is what matters.

稍微有一点区别是，当事情还有时间完成的时候，我们会用其中一个。

There's this slight implication that we would ask one when there's still time for something to be done.

而另一个是在时间到了的时候用，我需要这件事现在完成，对吧？

And the other one when time's up, I need this to be done by now, right?

但两个都没有错。

But neither is wrong.

只是暗示了一些关于时间预期的意思。

It just is implying something about time expectations.

对了，大家记得关注我们的另一个节目 All Ears English 播客哦。

Yeah, guys, make sure you're following the All Ears English podcast, by the way, our other show.

无论你是在 Spotify 还是 Apple Podcasts 上收听，在搜索栏里输入 All Ears English，然后点击关注按钮，因为我们在那边会更多讲一些语法。

Type in All Ears English into your search bar wherever you're listening, whether it's Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and hit that follow button because we do cover grammar a bit more over there.

对吧，Aubrey？

You're right, Aubrey?

是的，特别是如果你想知道细节的话。

Yes, especially if you're wanting details.

而且我们不是像教科书那样教语法，对吧？

And we're not teaching grammar like a textbook, right?

我们收集学生的问题，那些他们对母语者使用的语法的真实观察。

We're getting questions from students about real observations they have about grammar that native speakers are using.

然后我们会深入解析这些细微差别，比如时态可能隐含的意思，语气的变化，而不是简单地讲这是现在时、那是过去时，对吧？

And then we're going to break down these subtle nuances of how a verb tense could imply something, how the tone changes rather than just breaking down like this is present tense grammar and this is past tense grammar, right?

我们想让你知道如何在工作和日常对话中使用这些，对吧？

We want you to know how to use it at work and in your daily conversations, right?

这些不同的动词暗示了什么？

What do these different verbs imply?

其实很多人每天都在用英语。

A lot of you are actually using English in your daily life.

所以这对你的人际关系是有影响的。

Therefore, it has implications on your relationships.

这就是我们教学的方向。

So that's where we go with our teaching.

再说一遍，语气是什么？

Again, what's the tone?

而这对情感连接非常重要。

And that matters so much for connection.

明白吗？

Okay?

对。

Yes.

你有没有听过母语者说话，心里想：单词我都懂，但还是有点摸不着头脑。

Have you ever listened to native speakers and thought, I understand the words, but I still feel slightly lost.

那是因为真实英语对话包含的不只是词汇。

That's because real English conversations include more than vocabulary.

有语速、连读、文化背景和日常俚语。

There's speed, there's connected speech, there are cultural references and casual phrases.

你的大脑得同时处理所有这些信息。

Your brain has to process all of this in real time.

如果对话有时让你觉得应接不暇，那可能只是说明你准备好进入下一阶段的学习了。

If conversations sometimes feel overwhelming, it may simply mean you're ready for the next level of training.

通过我们快速免费的流利度测试，了解你的确切水平。

Find out your exact level with our quick free fluency quiz.

访问 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

Go to allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

就是 allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore。

That's allearsenglish.com/fluencyscore.

好了，Aubrey。

Alright, Aubrey.

我们来做一个角色扮演，内容是同事之间在讨论工作上的事情。

Let's get into a role play where coworkers talking about something at work.

好吗？

Alright?

那就开始吧。

Let's do it.

你先开始，怎么样？

Wanna start us out?

好的。

Yes.

Karen审核了提案了吗？

Has Karen reviewed the proposal?

是的。

Yes.

她今天早上把她的意见发给我了。

She sent me her comments this morning.

好的，完美。

Okay, perfect.

你发给客户了吗？

Did you send it to the client?

我正在做最后的几处修改，然后就能发出去了。

I'm making the last few changes now and then I'll be able to send it.

哦，听起来不错。

Oh, sounds good.

他们回复后告诉我一声。

Let me know once they reply.

好的。

Okay.

好的，这挺有意思的。

Okay, this is interesting.

我很期待深入探讨我们什么时候会用其中一个而不是另一个，因为我确实有这种感觉。

I'm excited to dive into when we would have used one or the other because I do feel it.

我能感受到那种语气。

I feel the tone.

我感觉到当你用它的时候，有一种细微的暗示，好像期待某件事已经完成了，对吧？

I feel this slight implication of an expectation that something was already done when you used it, right?

你感觉到了吗，Lindsay？

Did you feel it Lindsay?

有点微妙，但确实存在。

A little subtle, but it's there.

对，但肯定有。

Yeah, but it's there for sure.

而且这也符合上下文。

And it makes sense with the context too.

如果那是下一步，那就说得通了。

If that's the next step, then that makes sense.

把它发给客户。

To send it to the client.

好的。

Okay.

所以你一开始用的是has……

So you started with has...

或者是我开始的。

Or I started.

Karen审阅过提案了吗？

Has Karen reviewed the proposal?

所以，想想为什么用现在完成时而不是一般过去时，挺有意思的，对吧？

So it's interesting to think about why would you use present perfect instead of past simple, right?

Karen审阅过提案了吗？

Has Karen reviewed the proposal?

这个区别很微妙，但如果你说“Karen审阅提案了吗？”

It's subtle, but if you said, did Karen review the proposal?

如果用一般过去时的话，就暗示着这件事应该已经完成了。

And use past simple there, there's the slight implication of it should be done.

我期望答案是肯定的。

I'm expecting the answer to be yes.

是的，是的，当然。

Yeah, yeah, for sure.

有意思。

Interesting.

然后你说，是的，她今天早上把她的意见发给我了。

And then you said, yes, she sent me her comments this morning.

然后你说，我说。

And then you said, I said.

然后你说，好的，完美。

And then you said, okay, perfect.

你发给客户了吗？

Did you send it to the client?

所以这真的很有意思。

So this is really interesting.

你可以说，你发给客户了吗？

You could say, have you sent it to the client?

如果是这样，这里有一种很微妙的暗示，就是如果我说还没，也没关系。

And if so, there's this very subtle implication that if I say not yet, no problem.

是的。

Yes.

你发给客户了吗？

Did you send it to the client?

这很微妙，但确实暗示了你会去做，而且就像你说的，那是预期的下一步。

It is subtle, but there's an implication that you would and like you said, that's the expected next step.

所以你可能会用这个语法，因为你预期这件事没问题，那肯定已经做完了。

So you might just use this grammar because you expect it to be okay, then that's surely been done yet.

所以没那么极端，不会隐含批评或评判什么。

So it's not so extreme that there's like this implied criticism or judgment of something.

是很微妙，对吧？

It is subtle, right?

对，确实很微妙。

Yeah, very subtle for sure.

更直接。

More direct.

我觉得更直接一些。

It's more direct, I'd say.

这里面有很多原因，因为一般过去时表示过去完成的动作，而现在完成时，像你说‘你已经发了吗？’

That's a lot of it too because past simple is about a completed action in the past and present perfect when you say have you sent it?

他们看过提案了吗？

Have they seen the proposal?

这更多是关于它对未来的影响。

That's more about it has an effect on the future.

还没有完成也没关系。

It would be okay for it not to be done yet.

就是那种细微的暗示，表示某件事是否已经完成。

It's this subtle implication that something would be finished or not.

所以很多时候两者是可以互换的。

So often it is kind of interchangeable.

用哪一个都行。

You could use one or the other.

如果时间不重要的话，那也没什么大不了的。

It's not a big deal if the time doesn't really matter.

如果有个截止日期，而且现在已经该完成了，那这种暗示就肯定存在。

If there is a deadline and it should have been done by now, then that implication will definitely be there.

对。

Yep.

所以选一般过去时还是现在完成时的时候，要考虑一下语境。

So think about context when you're making the choice between the simple past and the present perfect.

想想你的话对方听起来是什么感觉，对吧？

Think about how your words are landing with the person in front of you, right?

如果你在暗示某件事正在做或者需要做，你是需要更委婉一点，还是更直接一点？

If you are implying something, is working or is, you know, do you need to soften more or get more direct?

我们该往哪个方向走？

Which direction do we need to go in?

没错。

Exactly.

我喜欢这个实用技巧：如果答案是“还没做”，而且这没问题，不会造成什么大麻烦，那你就用现在完成时。

I love this pro tip that if the answer could be not yet, and it's not a problem, it's not going to be a big deal, then you're going to choose present perfect.

哦，你做了那件事了吗？

Oh, have you done that yet?

她收到了吗？

Has she received it?

不管是什么事情。

Whatever it is.

如果答案是“还没做”，而且没问题，没有错过截止日期，没有什么暗示，那就用现在完成时。

If the answer could be not yet with no problem, no deadline has passed, no implication, go with present perfect.

对，挺好的。

Yeah, it's nice.

好的。

Alright.

真不错。

Good stuff.

我知道语法确实容易让人头疼，但朋友们，回到关系、回到语境和联系上，就不会出错。

I know grammar can really trip us up, but guys, come back to the relationship, come back to the context and the connection, and you can't go wrong.

对吧？

Alright?

有任何后续问题，请发邮件到 supportallersenglish dot com。

Us any follow-up questions to supportallersenglish dot com.

如果你想要这个……

If you want this...

如果你对今天的内容有后续问题，请告诉我们。

If you have a follow-up question from today, let us know.

明白了吗？

Alright?

是的，太棒了。

Yes, awesome.

我希望你们不要让语法阻碍自己，对吧？

I'm excited for you guys to not let grammar hold you back, right?

当你在实际交流的时候，会有很多这些小细节，语法上的小问题，可能会让你无法顺利沟通，无法进行对话。

When you are working, there will be all these little things, the grammar things that you could let you know keep you from connecting, keep you from having that conversation.

所以我们想分享这些细微的东西，这些小细节。

So we want to share these subtle things, these small things.

你对语法了解得越多，知道在不同的对话中该选择哪种说法，你就会越有信心，即使有些说法不一定有对错之分。

You can build confidence the more you know about grammar and which you should choose in which conversation, even if one isn't necessarily wrong or right.

这只是一个含义上的差别。

It's just about an implication.

对，确实是这样。

Yes, exactly.

好的。

All right.

今天的话题不错。

Good topic today.

感谢听众提的这个问题，我们很快会在商务英语播客上再次见面，Aubrey。

Thank you to our listener who asked that question and we'll be back very soon back on the Business English Podcast, Aubrey.

太棒了。

Awesome.

谢谢，Lindsay。

Thanks, Lindsay.

下次再见。

See you next time.

好的。

Okay.

谢谢。

Thank you.

再见。

Bye.

再见。

Bye.

感谢收听《商务英语》，这是一档专为你、为追求卓越的全球职场人士打造的播客。

Thank you for listening to business English, a podcast just for you, the high achieving global professional.

想从《全耳朵英语》获得更多内容吗？

Want more from All Ears English?

不要错过我们最大、最受欢迎的播客，每月下载量高达800万。

Don't miss our biggest and best podcast with 8,000,000 monthly downloads.

只需搜索“All Ears English Podcast”并点击关注，每周即可获得四集新节目，涵盖流利度、美国文化、语法以及更多内容。

Just search for the All Ears English Podcast and hit follow to get four new episodes per week on fluency, American culture, grammar, and so much more.

或者点击节目备注中的链接。

Or tap the link in the show notes.

记住，我们相信在学习英语时，连接比完美更重要。

Remember, we believe in connection, not perfection when it comes to learning English.

现在关注All Ears English播客吧。

Follow the All Ears English podcast now.