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所以你的衣橱空间快不够用了。
So you're running out of closet space.
好消息是？
The good news?
你不需要停止购物。
You don't need to stop shopping.
你只需要开始通过The RealReal进行转售。
You just need to start selling with The RealReal.
The RealReal是全球规模最大、最值得信赖的经认证奢侈品二手交易平台。
The RealReal is the world's largest and most trusted resource for authenticated luxury resale.
无论是那款连手机都装不下的迷你包，还是那双你从未真正穿过的靴子，The RealReal都会帮你处理从拍照、文案撰写到发货和定价的所有事宜。
Whether it's that mini bag that can't even fit your phone or those boots you never fully broke in, The RealReal handles everything from photography and copywriting to shipping and pricing.
这样你就可以坐享其成，收到款项，并为真正属于你的物品腾出空间。
So you can just sit back, get paid, and make room for things that actually feel like you.
而且每天都有超过一万个来自普拉达、赛琳、路易威登和Louave等顶级设计师的新品上架，折扣最高可达零售价的90%，你一定能找到完全契合你风格的商品，填满这些多出来的衣橱空间。
And with 10,000 plus new arrivals every single day from top designers like Prada, Celine, Louis Vuitton, and Louave, all for up to 90% off retail, you're bound to find something perfectly on brand to fill that extra closet space with.
此外，现在你首次出售时还能额外获得100美元用于购物。
Plus, right now, you can get an extra $100 to shop when you sell for the first time.
为真正属于你的东西腾出空间。
Make room for what feels like you.
前往 therealreal.com 开始出售，并获取额外的100美元，继续在 therealreal.com 购物。
Go to therealreal.com to start selling and get your extra $100 to keep shopping at therealreal.com.
那就是 therealreal.com。
That's the realreal.com.
条款适用。
Terms apply.
大家好，欢迎收听《引用所需》，这是一档我们选择一个主题，阅读维基百科上关于它的单篇文章，并假装自己是专家的播客。
Hello, and welcome to Citation Needed, podcast where we choose a subject, read a single article about it on Wikipedia, and pretend we're experts.
因为这是互联网，现在就是这样运作的。
Because this is the Internet, and that's how it works now.
我是希思，今天将担任本次太空旅行探索的地面控制。
I'm Heath, and I'll be doing mission control for today's exploration of space travel, allegedly.
和我一起的还有引擎、燃料、导航系统以及那个有问题的O型环——塞西尔、汤姆、诺亚和埃利。
And I'm joined by the engine, the fuel, the guidance, and the faulty o ring, Cecil, Tom, Noah, and Eli.
终于，我的大量橄榄油习惯得到了验证。
Finally, validation frame of my extensive olive oil habit.
天啊。
Man.
是的。
Yeah.
听好了。
Listen.
就我而言，燃料主要是咖啡和牛肉干的易燃混合物。
In my case, the fuel is mostly a volatile mix of coffee and beef jerky.
所以
So
天哪。
Jesus Christ.
点火升空。
Blast off.
非常美味。
Very delicious.
你应该说‘去吃午饭吧’，我想。
Go go for lunch is what you're supposed to fucking say, I guess.
别做对了。
Don't do it right.
而且Eli的屁股坏了。
And Eli's asshole's broken.
所以Noah，
So Noah,
我当时在拉屎。
I was I was shitting.
我在拉屎。
I was shitting.
去吃午饭这个桥段太棒了。
Go for lunch was such a good bit.
这真是个绝妙的桥段。
It was such a good bit.
那么，诺亚，今天我们打算讨论哪个人物、地点、事物、概念、现象或事件呢？
So, Noah, what person, place, thing, concept, phenomenon, or event are we gonna be talking about today?
今天，我们要讨论的是斯普特尼克。
Today, we're gonna be talking about Sputnik.
好的。
Alright.
那为什么选斯普特尼克？
And why Sputnik?
因为你可以提出这个观点，更具体地说，我能提出并要论证的是，它是过去一百年里最重要的技术成就。
Because you could make the argument, or more specifically, I could make the argument and am going to make the argument that it's the single most important technological achievement of the past hundred years.
因此，从我们后斯普特尼克时代的视角来看，进步（至少在政治领域之外）似乎只是技术革新的问题。
So from our modern post Sputnik vantage point, it can seem like progress, at least outside of the political realm, is just a matter of technological innovation.
但事实上，它是技术与文化的交汇点。
But in reality, it's a nexus of technology and culture.
很少有事物能像斯普特尼克那样同时具有技术和文化上的巨大影响。
And there are very few things that had both the technological and the cultural impact of Sputnik.
好的。
Okay.
那么，斯普特尼克是什么？
So what was Sputnik?
实际上有多颗斯普特尼克，但大家通常所说的斯普特尼克指的是
Well, there were actually multiple Sputnik, but the one that everybody just refers to as Sputnik is actually
斯普特尼克看起来
Sputnik seems
我不确定。
I'm not sure.
当然我
Sure I'm
当然它是
sure it's
不是斯普特尼克。
not Sputnik.
它是
It's
一群斯普特尼克的谋杀。
a murder of Sputnik's.
是的。
Yeah.
就是这样。
There you go.
不。
No.
那不是。
That's not.
配偶。
Spouse.
但我们要讨论的是正式的斯普特尼克一号。
But what we're gonna be talking about is is officially Sputnik one.
它是一个重达184磅、直径约两英尺的金属球体。
It was a 184 pound metal sphere that was about two feet in diameter.
这相当于84公斤和58厘米，在共产主义体系下，它于1957年10月4日成为地球的第一颗人造卫星。
That's 84 kilos and 58 centimeters in communist, and it became Earth's first artificial satellite on 10/04/1957.
它一路发出滴答声
It beeped its way around
七个？
the seven?
它在高层大气中持续发出滴答声，持续了几个月，最终于1958年1月4日再入大气层时烧毁。
Beeped its way up around the upper atmosphere for a couple of months and ultimately burned up in reentry on 01/04/1958.
在这段时间里，它引发了太空竞赛，并开启了卫星技术时代，让你能够收听这个播客，也让我们免于定期去麦当劳停车场接那些最愚蠢的亲戚，然后开车再送他们四英里到我们家，因为他们根本搞不懂像在马丁大道右转这种复杂的事情。
In that time, it set off the space race and would usher in the age of satellite technology that allows you to listen to this podcast and saved us all from the periodic obligation to go to a McDonald's parking lot to meet our stupidest relatives and drive them the remaining four miles to our fucking houses because they couldn't puzzle out complicated shit like make a right on Martin Avenue.
好的。
Okay.
但这也意味着我们失去了给人指错路的精湛技艺。
But that also means we lost the fine art of giving people fake directions.
是的。
Yes.
是的。
Yes.
那个好的。
That Okay.
真是神奇。
Was truly magical.
我觉得我害死了一些人。
I think I killed some people.
好的。
Okay.
但很高兴我不用
But it's nice that I don't have
再处理那种‘沿着那条路走十分钟’的指示了。
to deal with directions like, go ten minutes on that road.
对。
Right.
是的。
Yes.
好。
Yeah.
走十分钟
Going ten
再远一点。
minutes.
超过
Go further than
我想到的那个东西。
the think I thing.
杀了些人。
Killed some people.
我觉得我杀了些人。
I think I killed some people.
哦，我也经常迷路。
Oh, I also get lost a lot.
是的。
Yeah.
是其中一部分吗？
That one part of it?
不是。
No.
我应该提前说明，斯普特尼克一号之于俄罗斯的自豪感，就像阿波罗十一号之于美国的自豪感，这一点从维基百科关于该任务的文章中几乎列出了所有参与人员的名字就可以看出。
I should I should note up front that Sputnik one is to Russian pride as Apollo eleven is to America's, as evidenced by the fact that virtually every person with any involvement whatsoever with the mission is named in the Wikipedia article about it.
嗯，这简直到了这样的地步——那个螺栓是由下士尤鲁马莱·沃拉贝夫用87英尺磅的扭矩拧紧的。
Well, it's it's damn near the point to the point of, like, and that bolt was tightened by corporal Yrumulai Vorabev with 87 foot pounds of torque.
对吧？
Right?
所以我要提醒一下，鉴于目前可获得的细节程度，以及我对航天琐事的痴迷，我正用尽全部意志力，才没告诉你主发动机关机后还剩多少液氧之类的事。
So just a word of warning that given the level of available detail and my obsession with space shit minutiae, I'm calling upon all my willpower not to tell you how much liquid oxygen was left after main engine cut off and shit like that.
好的。
Okay.
好吧，现在我脑子里就只会想这些了。
Well, now that's all I'm gonna be thinking about.
行吧。
Alright.
那是375公斤的配重块。
Well, that was 375 kilograms spoilers.
天啊，
Jesus Christ,
天啊。
man.
是的。
Yeah.
三百七十五。
Three seventy five.
在一开始。
At the beginning.
太多了。
Fucking much.
这简直疯了。
That's fucking nuts.
好吧。
Okay.
哦，真是的，别提了。
Oh, that's so Tell me about it.
因此，人造卫星的概念首次正式载入史册是在1954年12月17日，当时苏联首席火箭科学家谢尔盖·科罗廖夫向国防工业部长德米特里·尤斯托诺夫提交了一份正式提案，后者随后将报告转交给工程师米哈伊尔·托孔诺夫。
So the idea for an artificial satellite first officially enters the historical record on 12/17/1954 when The Soviet Union's chief rocket scientist Sergei Korolev a formal proposal to the minister of the defense industry, Dmitry Yustonov, who then forwards the report to engineer Mikhail Tokonurov.
你看，我说的细节程度就是这样。
See see what I mean about the level of detail.
总之，我就不细说这一链条接下来的十一个步骤了，简单总结一下，最终这个提案获得了批准。
Anyway, I'm gonna spare you the next 11 steps in this chain and summarize that eventually it was approved.
当时，受过教育的普通民众都清楚，轨道卫星是迈向太空旅行的下一步科学目标。
It was well understood by educated laypeople at the time that an orbiting satellite was the next scientific step towards space travel.
这发生在我们决定不再把铁砧扔到跷跷板另一端之后。
This was after we decided that throwing an anvil on the other side
光靠把铁砧扔到跷跷板另一端已经不够用了。
of the seesaw wasn't to kinda cut it anymore.
就只是这样而已。
Just that was it.
嗯，你知道阿基米德说过什么吗？
Well, see, so you know what Archimedes said?
给我一个足够的长杠杆和一个铁砧，我就能抓到那只跑路鸟。
Give me an anvil and a lever long enough, and I'll catch that roadrunner.
顺便说一下，他错了。
He was wrong, by the way.
他从未真正抓到过。
He never did catch it.
他试过了，但没抓到。
He tried without catching it.
当然，我们必须清楚，苏联参与此事并不仅仅是为了推进太空旅行和开启一个新时代。
Now, of course, we we should be clear of the Soviet Union wasn't just in this for advancing space travel and ushering in a new technological age.
对吧？
Right?
二战后出现的两大武器技术是原子弹和V2火箭。
The the two biggest weapon technologies that came out of World War two were the atomic bomb and the v two rocket.
并不需要多少想象力就能把这两者结合起来，想象出我们如今生活的可怕景象：一颗能毁灭城市的炸弹，可以随时从任何地方发射到任何地方，取决于像弗拉基米尔·普京、金正恩和唐纳德·特朗普这样以稳定和谨慎著称的人物一时兴起。
And it didn't take a hell of a lot of imagination to put those two things together and imagine the terrifying hellscape we now live in where a city annihilating bomb could be launched from anywhere to anywhere at a moment's notice on the whims of such famously stable and circumspect men as Vladimir Putin, Kim Jong Un, and Donald Trump.
好的。
Okay.
而金正恩的那些东西，有点像是砧板和跷跷板。
And Kim Jong Un's are kinda like the anvil and the seesaw, though.
不，不是这样的。
Well, no.
他可以
They they he can
他仍然拥有任何东西。
still that he has anything.
但好吧，他确实还能炸掉很多东西。
But Well, yeah, he can still bomb a lot of shit.
当然，发射卫星是发射核弹的绝佳练习，也是一种公开向拥有核武器的敌人展示自己有能力将核弹送到任何地方的方式。
And, of course, launching a satellite, though, is is great practice for launching a nuke And a very public way of demonstrating to one's nuclear armed enemies that one has the capability of putting those nukes wherever the fuck they want.
是的。
Yeah.
比如现在，你根本看不出来，但我们正通过入侵明尼阿波利斯来展示我们在陆战中的实力。
Like, right now, you wouldn't know it, but we're showing off how well we do in a land war by invading Minneapolis.
是的。
Yeah.
为了他妈的什么。
For the fuck.
确实如此。
Sure are.
他们摔在冰上，摔得可真够狠的。
And they fell on the ice, like, so fucking hard.
我每天还会看他们摔倒的视频好几次。
I still watch them falling like a few times a day.
看看那个按摩。
Watch the massage.
对。
Yep.
这是最好的。
It's the best.
就像癌症患者那个大药盒一样。
It's like how cancer patients have that big medicine box.
他就像那个被揍的纳粹。
He's like the Nazi getting punched.
本·夏皮罗说湿润的阴道是一种疾病。
Ben Shapiro saying a wet vagina is a disease.
然后是一些冰
And then a couple of ice
天空正在
skies being
呃，不不。
like, uh-uh.
风从
Winds out of
我。
me.
令人愉快。
Delightful.
令人愉快。
Delightful.
德里克在明尼阿波利斯狠狠揍了那个卖Boot Liquor的家伙。
Derek knocking the shit out of that boot liquor kid in Minneapolis.
那件事没问题。
That that was okay.
这也是个不错的例子。
That's another good one.
好的。
Okay.
所以下一个
So the next
我们能不能搞些冰块，放到类似葡萄酒压榨机的东西上面？
Can we get some ice guys up onto, like, a wine press?
我觉得我们真该试试这个
I feel like that's what we should just be trying to
我们应该
we should
试着一直这么做
try do that all
整天。
the time.
好的。
Alright.
这个故事中的下一个重要里程碑实际上来自美国。
So the next big milestone in this story actually comes out of The United States.
1955年7月，时任总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔宣布，美国计划在1957年发射世界上第一颗人造卫星。
In July 1955, then President Dwight Eisenhower announces that The US was planning to launch the world's first artificial satellite in 1957.
到目前为止，科罗廖夫的提案仍在苏联官僚体系的迷宫中缓慢推进，那种紧迫感就像人们对待自己正在写的那本小说一样。
Now up to this point, Korolev's proposal was still kicking around The USSR's labyrinthine bureaucracy with a sort of fucking urgency that one generally applies to the novel they've been working on.
但一旦美国宣布要这么做，苏联的计划便迅速被提上了优先日程。
But once The US said they were gonna do it, the Soviet efforts were quickly pushed to the front of the line.
四天后，苏联物理学家列昂尼德·塞托夫宣布，他们实际上将建造世界上第一颗人造卫星，竞赛就此展开。
Four days later, Soviet physicist Leonid Sethov announced that actually they were gonna build the world's first satellite, and the race was on.
我们必须暂时把太空伏特加的排名下调到第二位几个月。
We have to move the space vodka down one notch to number two for a few months.
非常抱歉，谢尔盖。
I'm very sorry, Sergey.
我知道你一直非常、非常
I know you were very, very
这简直是灾难。
It's absolute disaster.
我
I
本想叫它‘天空伏特加’。
wanted to call it sky vodka.
好吧，这就是他们最终不得不接受的方案，因为他们无法实现太空计划，只能退而求其次，降到第二位。
Well, that's what they had to settle for because they couldn't get to space, so they had to knock it down to number two.
最初，俄罗斯人着手研发的项目远比斯普特尼克号更加雄心勃勃。
Now so initially, the Russians went to work on an on a thing that was way more ambitious than Sputnik.
最初的方案，当时被称为——我真的没骗你——‘D号物体’，重量将达到2400公斤。
The original design, which was called, I shit you not, object d at the time, would have weighed between 2,400 kilos.
这相当于两到三千磅，还要搭载两三百公斤的科学仪器。
That's like two to 3,000 pounds and would carry two to 300 kilos of scientific instruments.
这些科学仪器将测量大气密度、电离层成分、太阳风、磁场、宇宙射线——所有那些让科学家们兴奋不已的枯燥玩意儿。
That's, like, four forty to 660 And those scientific instruments, they would measure the density of the atmosphere, its ion composition, solar winds, magnetic fields, cosmic rays, all that nerdy shit that scientists get excited about.
但一旦真正开始着手，他们就明白了发射物体上太空的第一条铁律：任何事情都比预期花更长时间，花更多钱。
But once they got to working on it, they learned the first rule of launching shit into space, which is that everything always takes longer and costs more.
是的。
Yes.
艺术家和科学家其实并没有那么不同。
Artists and scientists aren't that different after all.
很大的区别在于，科学家们真的会完成他们的项目。
Big difference, Eli, is the scientists actually finish their projects.
有时候吧。
Well, sometimes.
这倒是公平。
That's fair.
有时候。
Sometimes.
是的。
Yeah.
最终，它变成了
Now, ultimately, it became
NASA明确表示，他们的慕尼豪森症最严重。
clear from NASA that their munchausen's is best.
不。
Nope.
最终，很明显，他们根本不可能在自己设定的1957年截止日期前发射卫星D。
Ultimately, it became clear that there was no way in hell that they were gonna launch object d by their self imposed deadline of 1957.
如果他们等太久，直到真正让这东西运行起来，美国人很可能已经抢先一步进入太空了。
And if they waited long enough to actually get this thing working, there was a very real possibility that the Americans were gonna beat them to space.
但他们并没有放弃原来的项目。
Now they didn't abandon the original project.
它后来还是被作为斯普特尼克三号发射了，不过他们暂时把它搁置一旁，转而开发了一个更简单的项目，最终赢得了太空竞赛中的首个关键胜利。
It would still be launched at a later date as Sputnik three, but they did stick it on a back burner long enough to develop a much less ambitious project that would ultimately win them the first key victory in the space race.
好吧。
Okay.
这根本不该算数。
That shit shouldn't count.
他们 basically 就是把一个两英尺大的球扔进太空，然后说是火箭发射。
Like, basically, they just threw a two foot ball into space and called shotgun with it.
我们的
Like, we're
已经进入太空了。
inside of the space now.
是的。
Yeah.
是的。
Yeah.
第一个。
The first.
是的。
Yeah.
完全同意，希斯。
Totally agree, Heath.
所以这个项目将成为第一个被命名为斯普特尼克的项目。
So this project would, be the first to wear the Sputnik name.
据说‘Putnik’意思是旅行者，而前缀‘s’表示同伴。
Apparently, Putnik means traveler, and the s prefix means fellow.
所以‘Sputnik’的意思是同伴旅行者。
So Sputnik means fellow traveler.
在合适的语境下，它也可以指配偶，同时它还是卫星的通用术语。
It can also mean spouse in the right context, and it's also just the generic term for satellite as well.
我知道这听起来可能有点像‘Boaty McBoatface’那种搞笑命名。
And and I know that might seem like a little bit of a boaty McBoatface kind of thing.
直接叫你的卫星‘卫星一号’就行了，他们就是这么做的。
Just call your satellite satellite one, which is what they did.
但它也曾是共产主义同情者、‘同伴旅行者’的常用说法。
But it was also a common term for, like, a communist sympathizer, a a fellow traveler.
所以这个名字满足了多个方面的含义。
So the name ticked a lot of boxes.
这种语言并没有太大变化。
The language doesn't change much.
今天，一个年轻的探测器被称为Lutnik。
A young probe today is called a Lutnik.
这有点不同。
It's a little different.
当然，对许多参与人员来说，卫星的重点在于将它送入轨道的火箭。
Now, of course, the whole point of the satellite, to a lot of people involved the rocket that was gonna carry it to orbit.
那将是R-7号火箭，也就是Semyorca。
That would be the r seven Semyorca.
这枚火箭最初是作为洲际弹道导弹设计的，他们已经为发射更重的D号物体进行了改造。
Now this rocket was originally designed as an intercontinental ballistic missile, and they'd already been modifying it for the launch of the much heavier Object D.
因此，现在为更小的卫星进行改装就相对容易了。
So retrofitting this now for a smaller satellite was comparatively easy.
如果你想直观地了解它，它基本上就像一个圆锥形火箭，四个较小的火箭分别安装在它的北、南、东、西四个方向。
If you want a visual of this thing, it's basically it's like a conical rocket with four smaller rockets attached to the north, south, east, and west of it.
这些较小的火箭——仿佛是为未来那些想拿这个话题开黄腔的播客制作者准备的礼物——被称为助推器。
Now these smaller rockets, as though in a gift for people trying to make dick related podcast jokes about the subject in the future, are called strap ons.
是的
Yeah.
同行的分析探针或鲁特尼克的鲁特尼克们
Fellow anal probes or slutnik's slutnik's
配方CECL的客串。
formulation CECL cameos.
对不起，
I'm sorry,
但一次性四个？
but four at once?
这太贪心了，
That's just greedy,
有点分心？
little distracting?
绝对如此。
Absolutely.
我不知道。
I don't know.
太多了，简直过分。
It's too damn many.
不同意。
Disagreeing.
看起来很蠢。
Looks silly.
所以，如果你想测试火箭，你就得有个火箭试验场。
Now so if you wanna test rockets, you're gonna need yourself a rocket proofing ground.
但当然，苏联什么都不缺，就缺大片人烟稀少的土地，他们并不介意在上面发射火箭。
But, of course, The USSR had nothing if not vast expanses of land that they were that was scarcely populated by people they didn't really mind dropping rockets on.
就在那里，R-7火箭的前几次失败发射发生了，迫使我去读这样的句子：‘升空后，D级助推器上的火苗几乎立即燃起’，却不得不努力不去想象一枚火箭从发射台升空时，侧面还戳着一根燃烧的硅胶阴茎。
And it was here that the first couple of unsuccessful launches of the r seven would take place, forcing me to try to read sentences like a fire began in the block d strap on almost immediately at liftoff without fucking picturing a rocket rising for the launch pad with a flaming silicone dick sticking out of the side of it.
对吧？
Right?
现在，当一次后来的发射出现电气故障，导致主火箭失控旋转，quote，结果所有助推器在发射后33秒全部分离时，情况反而更糟。
Now it it actually worse when a later launch has an electrical malfunction that sends the main rocket into an uncontrolled role that, quote, resulted in all the strap on separating thirty three seconds into launch.
是的。
Yeah.
如果你想象那只俄罗斯大鸟在大鸟几乎要撞上挑战者号时大声呼救，那就更可笑了。
And it's even more funny if you picture Russian big bird screaming for help inside the Big bird was almost on the challenger.
他确实如此。
He was.
我知道我好几集没提这件事了，但我每天都会想到，你也应该如此。
I know I haven't brought it up for a couple of episodes, but I think about it every day, and so should you.
是的。
Yeah.
实际上，如果当初被送入太空的是那个奇怪的食蚁兽大象角色，那它就会变成一部真正的Snuffleupagus电影。
Actually, if it had been that weird anteater elephant character that they had launched in a space, it would have turned into a real snuffleupagus film.
天哪。
Jesus Christ.
真得硬塞进这个Snuffleupagus才能让这个说法成立。
Really had to shove that snuffleupagus in there to make that work.
真得强行塞进去。
Really had to jam in there.
不。
No.
但是
But
他现在着火了，正在死去。
He's on fire and dying now.
但在经历了三次壮观的助推器飞脱失败后，他们终于让火箭工作到足以发射缩小版卫星的程度。
But after three spectacular strap on flinging failures, they got the rocket working at least well enough to launch their scaled down satellite.
现在，这个小家伙的最终版本简直不能再简单了。
Now the final iteration of this little guy literally could not be simpler.
如果再简单一点，它就根本无法工作了。
If it was any simpler, it wouldn't have worked.
它基本上就是一个高度抛光的金属球，以便更容易被观察到，背面还伸出四根天线。
It was basically just a highly polished metal ball to make it more visible, and it had four antennas sticking out of the back of it.
它唯一能做的就是发出哔哔声。
All it could do was transmit a beep.
这个哔哔声会根据卫星是否失压、温度过高或过低而变化，但仅此而已。
That beep could vary if the satellite lost pressure or if the temperature got too high or too low, but that was it.
这样做的目的只是为了在设备停止发送信号时，能有一些线索判断原因。
And that was just so that if the thing stopped transmitting, there might be some clue as to why.
是的。
Yeah.
就像一个AirTag。
So like an AirTag.
是的。
Yeah.
没错。
Exactly.
和AirTag非常相似。
A lot like an AirTag.
是的。
Yeah.
如今，斯普特尼克号184磅的重量大部分来自其电源，占据了约112磅的有效载荷。
Now the bulk of Sputnik's 184 pounds was in its power supply, which took up about a 112 pounds of the payload.
它有
It had
同一个女孩。
Same girl.
没错。
Same.
它有三块电池。
It had three batteries.
而且，是的，维基百科告诉我们这些电池是谁设计的，以及当时他在哪里工作。
And, yes, the Wikipedia tells us who designed those batteries and where he was working at the time.
其中两个电池为一瓦的无线电发射机供电，另一个则为温控装置供电。
Two of which would power the one watt radio transmitter with the other powering the thermal control unit.
这个温控装置听起来很高大上，但实际上就是一个风扇，当金属球内部温度过高时就会启动。
That thermal control unit sounds real fancy, but it was a fucking fan that would kick in if it got too hot inside the metal ball.
就这样了。
That was it.
太惊人了。
Amazing.
就这样了。
That was it.
尽管如此，到1957年10月，它已经准备好与外太空会合了。
And as dug down as it was, by October 1957, it was ready for its rendezvous with outer space.
好的。
Alright.
所以，基本上他们有了跷跷板和铁砧，把铁砧做成了一个球体，还能反过来操作，准备发射‘是的’。
So, basically, they had the seesaw and the anvil, and they made the anvil into a ball and could do it in reverse, got ready to shoot the Yes.
太空。
Space.
广告后我们再看情况如何。
We'll see how it goes after the break.
同志们，我有个好消息。
Comrades, I have wonderful news.
是什么啊，约尔吉？
What is it, Jorgie?
我们刚刚和美国展开了太空竞赛。
We have just begun space race with America.
什么是
What is
太空竞赛？
space race?
嗯，我们在和他们竞赛，看谁先到达太空。
Well, we are racing them, you see, to space.
好的。
Okay.
但为什么？
But why?
为什么？
Why?
如果我们率先抵达太空，他们会知道，如果我们开战，我们一定会赢。
If we beat them to space, they will know that if we had a war, we would win.
为什么他们会知道这一点，约根？
Why why will they know that, Jorgen?
因为我们有火箭。
Because we have rockets.
这些火箭可以抵达他们那里。
The rockets can reach them then.
好的。
Okay.
那我们为什么不直接建造它们呢？
So shouldn't we just build those?
马里奥四号会引发第三次世界大战。
Mario four that would start World War three.
等等。
Wait.
让我理清一下思路。
So so let me get this clear.
我们正在建造宇宙飞船。
We are building spaceship.
嗯。
Mhmm.
美国人也在建造宇宙飞船。
And Americans are also building spaceship.
是的。
Yes.
当然。
Of course.
我们知道那只是秘密的练习火箭。
And we know they are just secret practice rockets.
但如果我们建造真正的火箭，就会引发核战争。
But if we build the actual rockets, we have nuclear war.
没错。
Exactly.
是的。
Yes.
当然。
Sure.
为什么不呢？
Why not?
我们去太空吧。
Let's go to space.
诺斯特拉瓦。
Nostrava.
我们说的是这个吗？
Is that what we're saying?
我想是的。
I think so.
我们回来了。
And we're back.
我们接着之前的话题，苏联的威利·E。
Where we left off, Soviet Wile E.
科伊ote已经准备好了非常酷的图纸
Coyote had a really cool schematic ready
随时可以开始。
to go.
而且它很可能成功。
And it just might work.
接下来做什么？
What's next?
来自ACME的该死订单。
Fucking order from ACME.
所以，老实说，当时他们所进行的这项工作有多么庞大的规模，怎么形容都不为过。
So and, like, honestly, it would be hard to exaggerate just what a monumental undertaking this was at the time that they were doing it.
他们不仅用的是1957年的技术，还面临着全球大部分科学界不同程度的封锁。
Not only were they doing this all with 1957 technology, but they were working with most of the worldwide scientific community locking them out to varying degrees.
所以，当需要计算轨道之类的时候，他们用的是计算器的早期前身，叫算术仪，顺便说一句，这玩意儿看起来简直酷毙了。
So, like, when it came time to calculate the orbit and shit, they were using an early precursor to the calculator called an arithmetometer, which, by way, looks fucking amazing.
我太想要一个了。
I want one of these so bad.
但他们确实能用一台计算机处理一些特别复杂的计算，不过仅限于最困难的运算，因为几乎整个国家都要共享这一台计算机。
But they like, they they did have access to a computer for some of the really complicated shit, but, like, only for the most challenging of calculations because pretty much the whole fucking country had to share the one computer.
除了拥有洲际弹道导弹之外，我们五个人的装备都比1957年的苏联更足以把一个金属篮球发射到太空。
With the exception of access to intercontinental ballistic missiles, the five of us are better equipped to launch a metal basketball into space than The USSR of 1957.
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Erythmometer，我查了一下，这就像去问《古董巡回》的那个人，嘿。
The Erythmometer, I I looked this up, and it's like asking the Pawn Stars guy, hey.
你们有没人用过的数学计算机吗？
You got any computers for math that no one's done before?
他可能会说，我最好的存货也就是一个发条计算器。
And he's like, best I could do is a wind up calculator.
这已经是我能提供的最好的了。
That's the very best I can do.
是的。
Yeah.
等一下。
Wait a second.
你们没有洲际弹道导弹吗？
Do you guys not have access to intercontinental ballistic missiles?
或者
Or
或者太空激光。
or space lasers.
这些人发射了一颗卫星，上面布满了数学题的白板。
These guys launched a satellite with a dry erase board full of math problems.
几周前，我意识到自己已经忘了如何在纸上做长除法。
And a few weeks ago, I realized I forgot how to do long division on paper.
所以我觉得我们是安全的。
So I think we're safe.
我觉得我们
I think we're
结束了。
we're done.
现在说清楚，这玩意儿根本没有机制来控制方向、修正轨道之类的。
Now, to be clear, there was no mechanism to steer this motherfucker or correct this orbit or whatever.
不管他们扔进太空的是什么，那就是他们能得到的全部了。
Whatever they got, when they hurled into the space, that's what they were going to get.
他们原本的目标是倾角65度，这意味着最终卫星的轨道将经过地球上几乎每一个有人居住的地方。
Now they were aiming for an inclination of 65 degrees, which would mean that, ultimately, the orbit would take the satellite over top of damn near every inhabited place on Earth.
他们实际得到的是65.1度，这已经足够接近了。
What they wound up with was 65.1 degrees, which was fucking close enough.
抱歉。
Sorry.
谢尔盖，你刚才说的是大概65度吗？
Sergei, did you say, like, 65 ish?
我
I'm
不活在
not living
我们的火箭科学里可没有‘大概’这回事。
the ish in our rocket science.
这根本不是火箭科学。
It's not rocket.
哦，该死。
Oh, fuck.
确实是。
It is.
该死的。
Goddamn it.
所以好吧。
So okay.
所以现在这是一个多级火箭，意味着助推器点火后会将火箭加速到一定速度，然后主发动机点火，提供进入轨道所需的推力。
So now this was a staged rocket, meaning that the strap ons would fire and carry it to a certain speed, and then the main engine would fire to give it the boost it would need to get into orbit.
这次助推如此强劲，以至于火箭的主级实际上连同卫星一起被送入了轨道，这就导致了一个奇怪的冷知识：全球人造卫星的卫星编号系统将斯普特尼克一号列为卫星二号。
Now the boost was so significant that it actually launched the main stage of the rocket into orbit along with it, which leads to this weird bit of trivia where the Sat Cat numbering system that numbers all of the world's artificial satellites lists Sputnik one as Sat Cat two.
卫星一号其实是火箭的主级，它在技术上是第二个进入轨道的人造物体，但却是第一个从地球上被观测到的，而卫星编号正是依据这个顺序来确定的。
Sat Cat one is the main stage of the rocket, which was technically the second man made satellite to enter orbit, but the first one to be observed from the Earth, and that's how these things are numbered.
事实上，尽管斯普特尼克一号理论上肉眼勉强可见，但几乎所有声称看到它的人，实际上看到的都是后面更大、更显眼的火箭残骸。
In fact, though Sputnik was technically dimly visible to the naked eye, pretty much everybody who thought they saw it was actually seeing the much larger, much more visible rocket trailing behind it.
你知道吗，亲爱的，那其实是火箭的主级，而不是真正的那个东西，
You know, dear, that's actually the main stage of the rocket, not the actual like,
闭嘴，哈罗德。
shut the fuck up, Harold.
没人关心。
Nobody cares.
你真是个混蛋。
You're the fucking worst.
该死。
Goddamn it.
真希望我能办张不用你的信用卡。
Wish I could get a credit card without you.
操。
Fuck.
她真蠢。
She's so stupid.
现在我们所有人听到你这么说，脑海里都浮现出同一个梗。
Now we all we are all picturing the same meme as you say it.
所以现在，当然，你根本不需要看到卫星就能知道它在那里，因为它一直在发出滴答声。
So now but, of course, you didn't have to see the satellite to know it was there because it was beeping.
而且它的滴答声恰好让任何拥有短波收音机的人都能调到正确的频率，听到它飞过头顶的声音。
And it was beeping in just such a way that anybody with a shortwave radio could tune into the correct frequency and hear it as it passed overhead.
当然，苏联宣传机构确保每个人都能获取到遥测数据，清楚地知道它何时会经过头顶。
And, of course, the Soviet propagandists made damn sure that everybody had access to the telemetry data that told them exactly when it was gonna pass overhead.
而那个该死的东西以惊人的速度——已经脱离大气层——每小时18,000英里飞行，意味着它大约一个半小时就能绕地球一圈。
And the motherfucker was traveling at the astonishing no longer inside the atmosphere speed of 18,000 miles per hour, meaning it took about an hour and a half to orbit the planet.
所以如果你错过了，也不用等太久，它很快就会再飞回来，或者你可以再试一次。
So if you missed it, you didn't have to wait all that long for it to, come back around or you could try again.
而且，当然，如果你没有短波收音机，也没关系，因为全国几乎每个电视台和广播电台都在不停地播放这些滴答声给你听。
And, of course, if you didn't have a shortwave radio, no worries, because pretty much every TV and radio station in the fucking country was playing those beeps for you constantly.
好了，各位。
Okay, guys.
看。
Look.
我想这么做，但我们确定不能把蜂鸣声换成‘去你的美国’吗？
I want to do this, but are we sure we can't replace the beep with, like, a little fuck America?
去你的美国？
Fuck America?
或者就说‘不’。
Or just say no.
告诉我我们真的试过了。
Tell me we really tried it.
我是说，我们试过了，然后就
Like, we tried and then we
我肯定他们试过了。
I'm sure they did.
对不起，诺亚。
I'm sorry, Noah.
不用等那么久再试一次。
Don't have to wait that long to try again.
如果我手机上的一个应用加载超过十秒，我会买部新手机、换家运营商，然后因沮丧而犯下仇恨罪。
If an app on my phone takes longer than ten seconds to load, I will buy a new phone, get a new carrier, and commit a hate crime in frustration.
你告诉我，人们为了听一声提示音等了九十分钟？
And you're telling me people waited ninety minutes to hear a beep?
那是一
It was a
是几声提示音。
it was several beeps.
不只是一声提示音。
It wasn't just one beep.
他们自己没法申请到信用卡。
They couldn't get a credit card on their own.
是的。
Yes.
与普遍看法相反，斯普特尼克的发射并没有让艾森豪威尔政府措手不及。
Now contrary to popular belief, the launch of Sputnik did not catch the Eisenhower administration off guard.
早在前一年，我们就已经开始派遣U-2侦察机飞越俄罗斯，因此美国能够非常密切地监控苏联太空计划的发展。
We started flying u two spy planes over Russia the year before, so America had been able to monitor the development of the space program pretty closely.
毕竟，你总不能用一块破布把火箭发射遮盖起来吧。
You can't exactly throw a fucking tarp over a rocket launch after all.
而且，说实话，我明白过去十年里，人们为了美化艾森豪威尔在这事上的表现，添加了大量修饰。
And and, look, I I get that there's a ton of spin that's been applied over the decade to make Eisenhower look better over all of this.
所以，对此请持保留态度。
So take this with a grain of salt.
但根据维基百科的说法，美国实际上反而希望苏联先发射他们的卫星。
But according to the wiki, The US was actually kinda hoping that the Soviets would launch their satellite first.
他们其实想当选为返校节的小丑。
They actually wanted to get voted in as homecoming jester.
我本来还挺期待的。
I was looking forward to it.
这正是我追求的目标。
It was, like, what I was shooting for.
相关消息是，这些葡萄是酸的。
In related news to the Fox, these grapes are sour.
是的。
Yeah.
这极有可能是胡说八道。
It's very very likely bullshit.
然后
And then
狐狸死了，因为狗其实不能吃葡萄，所以这真是个愚蠢透顶的故事。
the Fox died because dogs dogs actually can't eat grapes, so they So just stupid stupid story.
好吧。
So okay.
事情是这样的。
So here's the thing.
我们来找那个玩水的家伙。
We're coming for the the the water guy.
我们来找伊索。
We're coming for Aesop.
今天我们来找所有希腊人。
We're coming for all the Greeks today.
阿基米德。
Archimedes.
阿基米德就是那个家伙。
Archimedes is the guy.
是的。
Yeah.
玩水的家伙。
The water guy.
水
The water
guy。
guy.
就像
It's like
水车。
the water wheel.
他看起来像我想象中的那样
He looks like I was thinking
就像欣克利的图片和
like the picture of the Hinkley and
施密特那个家伙，不知为什么。
Schmidt guy for some reason.
我以为我错过了这个笑话。
Thought I missed the joke.
只是嘿。
Just hey.
去他的伊索寓言二。
Fuck Aesop two.
写点真实的。
Write something real.
对吧？
Right?
是的。
Yeah.
胆小鬼。
Chicken shit.
只有寓言吗？
Fables only?
去你的。
Fuck you.
好吧。
So okay.
所以事情是这样的。
So here's the thing.
皮托？
Pito?
在U-2投入使用之前，美国其实曾尝试用这些高空气球收集数据，还假装说是用于天气研究。
Before the U 2 was operational, really, The US had tried gathering data with these high altitude balloons that we pretended were for weather shit.
对吧？
Right?
这个计划叫‘Genitrix’，我们用它来获取俄罗斯、中国以及我们想拍空中照片的任何其他地方的航拍图像。
This is called project Genitrix, and we used it to get aerial views of Russia and China and wherever the fuck else that we wanted a aerial view of.
俄罗斯人对这种行为强烈抗议，甚至击落了我们的一些气球。
Now the Russians had protested pretty loudly about this shit, and they even shot down a few of our balloons.
所以艾森豪威尔的人后来声称，他们其实希望俄罗斯先测试一下轨道飞行的合法性，然后再正式启用这艘飞船。
So Eisenhower's people retroactively claimed that they actually kinda wanted Russia to test the legality of orbital over flights before they waited back into this ship.
酷。
Cool.
是的。
Yeah.
就像当边境保护局看到那个写着‘生日快乐’的气球时，用军用激光击落它，结果导致整个埃尔帕索机场及周边空域全面停摆。
Just like when CBP saw that happy birthday balloon and shot it with a military laser, and ended up shutting down the entire El Paso Airport and all the airspace near it.
不过话说回来，我从政府那边听说，那个‘生日快乐’气球实际上是由贩毒集团用来充当
Here's the thing though, I heard from the administration, it actually was a drug cartel using the happy birthday balloon as a
假无人机。
fake drone.
但关键是，我们现在知道，他们也知道我们知道他们知道我们在玩气球虚张声势的把戏。
But here's the thing, now we know that they know that we know they know about balloon bluffing.
嗯，我猜我们关闭机场就是这个原因。
Well, I assume that's We're shutting the airport down.
操。
Fuck.
是的，老兄。
Yeah, man.
无论你是否相信我们曾经试图赢得这场竞赛，有一件事是无可否认的，那就是美国对斯普特尼克的反应让艾森豪威尔感到震惊。
Regardless of what you believe about whether we were ever trying to win this race, one thing that's undeniable that caught Eisenhower by surprise was America's reaction to Sputnik.
因此，自二战结束以来，美国一直处于所谓的富裕安逸阶段。
So since the end of World War two, The US had been in its so called fat and happy phase.
美国人相信自己是世界文化和技术的巅峰。
Americans believe that they were the cultural and technological pinnacle of the world.
我们把唯一没有被轰炸的工厂误认为是天生的优势和勤奋，把战后获得的顶尖德国科学家误认为是智力优越的表现。
We mistook being the only guys whose factories weren't bombed as shit for a natural advantage and industriousness, and we mistook getting the best Nazis after the war for intellectual superiority.
所以，其他该死的国家，尤其是该死的共产主义国家，竟然做出了我们做不到的事情，这直接引发了一场国家认同危机。
So the very idea that some other fucking country was doing a thing that we couldn't do, let alone a fucking communist country, precipitated a national identity crisis.
是的。
Yeah.
公平地说，这个问题的解决方式是彻底摧毁社会凝聚力和共同真相，以至于你可以直接宣称卫星是你的，而一半的国民都会相信你。
To be fair, the solution to this turned out to be destroy societal cohesiveness and shared truth so entirely that you can just announce that the satellite is yours and half the country will believe you.
但是
But
还有一次，保罗·科斯塔尼尔赢了那场国际象棋比赛。
also, got a Paul Costanier to win that chess game that one time.
那很酷。
That was cool.
那很酷。
That was cool.
是的。
Yeah.
我相当确信，俄罗斯水军会让我们所有人都开始高喊‘USA’，而当炸弹落下时，一半的人会冲到外面晒屁股，同时表达对高价值女性的崇拜。
I'm fairly well convinced that Russian trolls will lead us all into a chant of USA as 50% of the population runs outside when the bombs hit to sun their assholes and express high value females.
对。
Yeah.
天啊。
Oh god.
不过，第二天一定会很棒。
The next day will be awesome, though.
对吧？
Right?
哦，天啊。
Oh, man.
哦。
Oh.
所以它只是
So it Just
所有那些混蛋都像鱿鱼圈一样烧光了。
all those assholes burnt up like calamari rings.
是的。
Yeah.
我们完了。
We're done.
你知道吗？
You know?
操。
Fuck.
是的。
Yeah.
看，这就是挑战者号出问题的原因。
See, this is what went wrong in challenger.
看，
See,
不过，美国之所以对这一成就充满期待，确实得益于韦纳赫·冯·布劳恩和沃尔特·迪士尼的合作。
though so it it didn't help matters that America had really been primed for this achievement thanks to a collaboration between Wernher von Braun and Walt Disney.
真难以想象这两个人能有什么共同话题。
Can't imagine what those two had in common to talk about.
于是，这催生了三部卡通片，详细描绘了从现有技术到太空旅行的各个步骤，这些广为流传的卡通片让美国人深信，轨道卫星是第一步。
So now that led to the development of three cartoons detailing the steps between current technology and space travel, and those widely viewed cartoons had cemented the idea in the American consciousness that an orbiting satellite was step one.
而该死的俄罗斯抢先一步，意味着等我们到达时，那些混蛋已经把最好的月球地产都占光了。
And fucking Russia getting a head start meant that those bastards were gonna already have all the best moon real estate taken before we even got there.
我不会在月球上买公寓。
I'm not buying a condo on the moon.
明白吗？
Okay?
卖的时候，费用会抵消掉价值。
The fees offset the value when you sell.
明白吗？
Okay?
不过你得买五套。
You gotta gotta buy five though.
真正的利润是从这里开始的。
That's where the real money kicks in.
五套或以上才行。
It's at five or more.
我在听，因为我是个美国人。
I'm listening because I'm American.
是的
Yeah.
对
Right.
不明白
Don't understand.
所以现在所以
So now So
高尔夫球杆
golf clubs.
所以
So
公众要求采取行动
the public demanded action.
他们想要属于自己的嗡嗡作响的太空舱，而且现在就要，该死的
They wanted their own beeping ass space bow and they wanted it now, damn it.
因此，艾森豪威尔政府迅速采取行动，进行了一些变革，这些变革帮助引导了国家未来六十九年乃至更长时间的发展方向。
So the Eisenhower administration swung into action and made some changes that helped to steer the national course for the next sixty nine years and counting.
不错。
Nice.
因此，立即的变革之一是成立了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和高级研究计划局（ARPA），后者后来被称为达帕（DARPA）。
So among the immediate changes was the creation of both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA and the Advanced Research Project Agency or ARPA, which would later be called DARPA.
这两者共同作用，将
Between the two of them, they would
我们现在叫它Warpa吗？
Do we call it Warpa now?
哦，有意思。
Oh, interesting.
自从我们改用Warpa以来。
Since we switched to Warpa.
是的。
Yeah.
这太疯狂了。
That's crazy.
Warpa？
Warpa?
别提这个，不然他们真会改名。
Don't don't suggest it or or they'll change it.
NASA和DARPA为我们带来了互联网、无绳工具、记忆海绵、计算机鼠标、语音识别软件、人工耳蜗、防刮镜片，还有Tang饮料。
So between NASA and DARPA, they've given us now the Internet DARPA more like cordless tools, memory foam, the computer mouse, voice recognition software, cochlear implant, scratch resistant lenses, and tang.
听好了，比尔，我们已经有Object D和strap ons了。
Look, Bill, we already have Object D and strap ons.
我们绝不会把那种橙色粉末饮料叫Wang。
There's no way we're calling that orange powder drink Wang.
我们就是不会。
We're just not
这么做。
doing it.
但这意味着战争。
But it means war now.
这意味着战争。
It means war.
虽然那个人已经发明了它，我们只是在采用王氏的策略。
Although that guy already invented it, we're just adopting the Wang's strike.
借用王氏。
Borrowed Wang.
是的。
Yeah.
因此，现在也会促使美国重新重视科学教育。
So now it would also lead to a renewed focus on science education in America.
每当我们国家在某件事上失败时，我们往往会责怪老师。
Whenever we fail at something as a nation, we tend to blame teachers for it.
因此，在1958年，国会通过了《国防教育法》。
So in 1958, congress enacted the National Defense Education Act.
它彻底改革了美国的数学和科学教育，并为主修数学和科学的学生提供了低息大学贷款。
It completely overhauled math and science education in The US, and it provided low interest loans for college tuition to students majoring in math and science.
不错。
Nice.
而且我们在数学和科学方面一直表现优异
And we've been amazing at math and science
从那以后。
ever since.
好的。
Okay.
我年轻时曾受邀加入伊利诺伊州数学与科学学院。
Again, I was invited to join the Illinois Math and Science Academy as a young person.
没有计算器，我连比估算餐厅账单更复杂的数学题都做不了。
Without a calculator, I cannot do any math more complicated than estimating the restaurant.
是的。
Yeah.
估算的。
Estimated.
公平。
Fair.
一样。
Same.
但在情况好转之前，事情对美国来说变得更糟了。
Now but but things would get worse for America before they got better.
与俄罗斯不同，俄罗斯的前三次火箭失败除了参与项目的人员和头顶上飞过的YouTube飞行员外没人看到，而我们却在直播中把火箭搞砸了。
So unlike Russia where there was nobody around to see their first three rocket failures except for the people working on them and the YouTube pilots flying overhead, We fucked ours up live on camera.
所以，1957年12月，就在斯普特尼克号进入历史仅仅两个月后，美国的先锋计划火箭在离开发射台约四英尺后便坠回地面，化为一团巨大的火球。
So when in December 1957, a mere two months after Sputnik beeped its way into history, America's Project Vanguard rocket only made it about four feet off the launch pad before crashing back to the ground and exploding in a giant fireball.
我的意思是，这某种程度上算是一种赞美。
I mean, it's it's kind of a compliment.
是的。
Yeah.
美国
America
漂亮多了。
is so much prettier.
真漂亮。
It's so pretty.
是的。
Yeah.
东西。
Thing.
是的。
Yeah.
但美国的电动汽车真的很棒。
But America Electric cars are really good.
但美国人对这一幕感到非常沮丧。
But Americans were devastated by this.
对吧？
Right?
当时的一项民意调查显示，26%的美国人认为俄罗斯的科学和工程优于美国。
So a poll at the time showed that 26% of Americans thought that Russian science and engineering was superior to that of The United States.
尽管通过加强宣传，这一数字在一年内下降到了10%。
Though a renewed focus on propaganda did get that number down to 10% within a year.
删改了很多内容，但
Took a lot of redactions, but
我们做到了，各位。
we did it, everybody.
我们做到了。
We did it.
没错。
Right.
没错。
Right.
因此，在几年内，美国成功发射了多颗自己的卫星，而苏联也发射了更多自己的卫星，由此引发了如今严重干扰天文摄影的太空污染竞赛。
So within a few years, The US would successfully launch several of its own satellites, and The USSR launched several more of its own, touching off the race to pollute the skies that's fucking up astrophotography today.
但无论如何，苏联在将物体送入太空方面获得的三个半月领先优势，在美国国民心理上留下了一道伤口，直到十二年后我们登上月球，这道伤口才真正开始愈合。
But regardless, the three and a half month head start the Soviets got in launching shit into space left a wound in The US national psyche that wouldn't really be repaired until we walked on the moon a dozen years later.
但即便如此，这道伤口仍未愈合，因为空间竞赛，就像二战后几乎所有其他事情一样，都是为了推迟那早已 overdue 的革命性周期。
And then it still wouldn't be repaired because the space race, like literally everything else after World War Two, has been about delaying the long overdue revolutionary cycle.
在这篇文章中，我将。
In this essay, I will.
尽管它的影响至今仍能感受到，但斯普特尼克本身早已消失无踪。
And though its impact can still be felt today, Sputnik itself is long gone.
博物馆里有几件复制品，还有几件实际制造的原型机，是为以防第一颗卫星在发射时爆炸而准备的。
There are several replicas in museums and a couple of actual prototypes that were built in case the first one blew up during launch.
还有一些私人收藏品，我敢肯定，这些是俄罗斯事后制作的，并告诉私人收藏家说它们是为防第一颗卫星发射失败而制造的原型机。
And there's a couple in private collections that I'm pretty sure Russia just made after the fact and told private collectors were prototypes that were built in case the first one blew up.
所以这个复制品
So the replica
它就是一个球。
It's just a ball.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Right.
不。
No.
我知道。
I know.
知道。
Know.
即使是复制品。
Even a replica.
我有一个太空的复制品。
I have a replica of space.
你知道吗，俄罗斯有个太空迷说，那不是它们的全部样子，因为它们其实各不相同。
You know there's one space nerd in Russia being like, that's not how they all look because they're different.
对。
Right.
不对。
No.
就是这样的。
It is.
你搞错了，我把所有名字都写在维基百科页面上了，但诺亚把它们全删了，说太无聊了。
You got it wrong, and I put all the names on the Wikipedia page, and then Noah left them all out because he said it was boring.
我没把它们全删掉。
I didn't leave them all out.
如果其他部分都不无聊，为什么这些会无聊呢？
Why why would it be boring if the rest is not boring?
要么是
Either the
整个事情还是什么都不无聊？
whole thing or none of it is boring?
但真正引起所有麻烦的那颗卫星，只传输了二十二天。
But the actual satellite, though, that that caused all the trouble, it only transmitted for twenty two days.
跟在它后面的火箭级在轨道上停留了大约两个月，于1957年12月2日再入大气层烧毁。
The rocket stage that was trailing behind it stayed in orbit for about two months, burned up in reentry on 12/02/1957.
卫星本身又坚持了一个月，但在绕地球飞行了1440圈后，于1958年1月4日被地球引力重新捕获。
Sputnik itself would hold out for another month, but Earth's gravity would reclaim it on 01/04/1958 after its one thousand four hundred and fortieth trip around the planet.
由于它停止发出信号后变得极其难以追踪，我们无法确定任何确切情况，但普遍认为这颗卫星在美国西部上空解体。
While we can't know anything for certain because this motherfucker got really hard to track once it stopped beeping, It's widely believed that the satellite broke up over the Western United States.
在它燃烧死亡的第二天早晨，加利福尼亚州恩西诺的一名男子醒来，发现院子里有一块发着光的碎片，后来证实是用于斯普特尼克卫星的塑料管。
On the morning after its fiery death, a man in Encino, California woke up to find a piece of glowing debris in his yard that later proved to be the type of plastic tubing used in Sputnik.
根据维基百科的引述，没有人能证明这是否确实是卫星的一部分，引述结束。
Now according to the wiki quote, no one has ever been able to prove whether this is in fact part of the satellite, end quote.
哦。
Oh.
好吧。
Alright.
如果你必须用一句话总结你学到的东西，会是什么？
And if you had to summarize what you've learned in one sentence, what would it be?
显然，在当前这种胖乎乎又沮丧的状态之前，曾经有过一段胖乎乎又开心的时期。
Apparently, there was a fat and happy phase that preceded the current fat and sad face that were
你准备好接受测验了吗？
And are you ready for the quiz?
至少我现在是胖乎乎又沮丧的。
I am fat and sad at least.
好吧。
Alright.
诺亚，四个安全带还是太多了。
Noah, four just still seems like a lot of strap ons.
我的意思是，至少多了一个。
I mean, is clearly a, at least one too many.
对吧？
Right?
B，从视觉上看，
B, like, visually,
至少是这样。
at least.
我不知道。
I don't know.
我在想你可以用的孔的数量。
I'm thinking about the number of holes that you could use.
没错。
Exactly.
是的。
Yeah.
我不知道。
I don't know.
我觉得恐怖其实是想把它当成一个秘密答案C。
Feel like horror is actually think it's a secret answer c.
这实际上完全正确。
That's actually exactly right.
没错。
That's right.
完全正确。
Exactly right.
数字。
Number.
是的。
Yeah.
你太关注美学了。
You're focusing on the aesthetics a lot.
比如，第四的藝術性
Like, the artistic the of the fourth
戴上。
strap on.
就像一件我不能碰的衬衫。
It's like a I'm not touch shirt.
假阴茎。
Strap ons.
就像整个东西，是的，就像一整套东西。
It's like a whole, yeah, it's like a whole thing.
好的。
K.
现在，斯普特尼克号显然是人类第一颗人造卫星。
Now Noah, Sputnik is obviously a very important first artificial satellite for mankind.
太空中还有哪些其他著名的‘第一’？
What's another famous first in orbit?
A，第一个戴森吸尘器，那个 neatnik。
A, the first Dustbuster, the neatnik.
B，第一个心率监测仪，叫Beatnik。
B, the first heart rate monitor, the beatnik.
C，第一包瑞斯糖果，叫Peace Nick。
C, the first bag of Reese's candies, the peace Nick.
或者D，第一个偏离轨道、自寻出路的卫星，叫Stevie Nick。
Or d, the first satellite to veer off course and go its own way, the Stevie Nick.
太棒了。
Amazing.
好吧。
Alright.
嗯，我得抛出这个问题。
Well, I have to toss this out.
Neat Nick、Beat Nick、Peace Nick其实都源自Sputnik，那种以'nick'作为后缀的用法。
Neat Nick, beat Nick, Peace Nick actually were all derived from Sputnik that that that the use of the nick as a yeah.
以'nick'作为后缀的用法，全部都来自Sputnik。
The the use of nick as a as a suffix all comes from the the Sputnik.
这就是我这么做的原因。
That's why I did this.
这他妈太棒了。
That's fucking amazing.
但这就是我这么做的原因。
But this That's why I did it.
那个该死的Stevie Nick笑话真是他妈的
Fucking Stevie Nick joke is so goddamn
我以为它们很难看。
I I thought they were They're ugly.
我本来有
I had
一点概念。
no idea.
我骗谁呢？
Who am I kidding?
所有人都知道这件事，只有我不知道。
Everybody knew this but me.
到底发生什么事了？
What the fuck is going on?
我不知道。
I didn't
不知道这个。
know that.
我在撒谎。
I was lying.
你不需要在这里给我做这些小按压。
You don't have to do my mini presses here.
它们是
They're
好的。
all right.
是的
Yeah.
DTD太棒了。
DTD is amazing.
所以这是正确的。
So it's correct.
不过，它是可行的。
However, works.
就说你从不为你的任何The道歉
Just say it's never apologizing for any of your The
埃利·博斯尼克的故事，宝贝。
Eli Bosnik story, baby.
好了，诺亚。
Alright, Noah.
正如你提到的，我们最终会赢得太空竞赛，但我们与俄罗斯的较量还没有结束。
As you mentioned, we would eventually win the space race, but our battle with Russia wasn't over.
他们认为我们的国际争端何时才算结束？
What do they count as the end of our international feud?
A，就是他们说服我们不要选举希拉里·克林顿的时候。
A, the time they convinced us not to elect Hillary Clinton.
我的天啊。
My fucking god.
是的。
Yeah.
他们可以拿走月球。
We they can have the moon.
该死。
Fuck.
上帝啊。
God.
该死。
Damn it.
埃利，你赢了，我想就这个真相而言。
Eli, you win, I guess, for that truth.
这挺有趣的。
That was fun.
现在希思得
Now Heath has
写一篇论文。
to write an essay.
也许写写我刚刚教他的那个可爱的骨摩吧。
Perhaps about a delightful bone moe I just educated him on.
埃利其实并不知道骨摩是什么意思。
Eli doesn't know what on moe means, really.
好吧。
Okay.
四。
Four.
汤姆、诺亚、塞西尔和埃利，我是希斯。
Tom, Noah, Cecil, and Eli, I'm Heath.
谢谢你们和我们待在一起。
Thank you for hanging out with us.
我们下周再见，到时候我会成为另一件事的专家。
We'll be back next week, and I will be an expert on something else.
在那之前，你们可以收听《认知失调》、《无罗根体验》、《亲爱的老爹们》、《戈多尔夫电影》、《滑冰无神论者》、《怀疑论者》和《D和D减一》。
Between now and then, you can listen to Cognitive Dissonance, The No Rogan Experience, Dear Old Dads, Godolph Movies, The Skating Atheist, The Skeptocrat, and D and D Minus.
如果你希望成为我们受喜爱的赞助者行列中的一员，可以通过patreon.com/citationpod进行每集捐赠。
And if you'd like to join the ranks of our beloved patrons, you can make a per episode donation at patreon.com/citationpod.
如果你想联系我们、收听往期节目、在社交媒体上与我们互动，或查看节目笔记，请访问citationpod.com。
And if you'd like to get in touch with us, listen to past episodes, connect with us on social media, or take a look at the show notes, check out citationpod.com.
来了，将军。
And here it is, General.
第一枚将进入太空的火箭，如果你懂我的意思的话。
The first rocket that will go to space, if you know what I mean.
太好了。
Excellent.
但你们能让它飞到月球吗？
But can you make it go to the moon?
当然可以。
Of course we can.
对吧，乔吉？
Can't we, Jorgi?
我觉得你们在这里有点偏离了隐喻的本意。
I feel I feel like you guys are losing track of the metaphor here.
我的意思是，对。
I mean, yep.
是的。
Yes.
我们大概确实可以去月球，
We can probably, yes, go to moon,
也许吧。
maybe.
我
I
我觉得这是错的。
think that's wrong.
营销很难。
Marketing is hard.
但我告诉你一个小秘密。
But I'll tell you a little secret.
它不必如此。
It doesn't have to be.
让我指出一点。
Let me point something out.
你现在正在听一个播客，而且它很棒。
You're listening to a podcast right now, and it's great.
你喜欢这个主持人。
You love the host.
你会主动寻找并下载它。
You seek it out and download it.
你在开车、锻炼、做饭，甚至上厕所时都会听它。
You listen to it while driving, working out, cooking, even going to the bathroom.
播客是一种非常亲密的陪伴。
Podcasts are a pretty close companion.
这是一条播客广告。
And this is a podcast ad.
我吸引到你的注意了吗？
Did I get your attention?
你可以通过LibsynAds的播客广告触达像你这样的优质听众。
You can reach great listeners like yourself with podcast advertising from LibsynAds.
你可以从数百个热门播客中选择主持人推荐，或者在数千个节目中投放这条预制作广告，通过LibsynAds将你的信息传递给听众最喜爱的播客中。
Choose from hundreds of top podcasts offering host endorsements or run a pre produced ad like this one across thousands of shows to reach your target audience in their favorite podcasts with LibsynAds.
现在就访问 libsynads.com，也就是 libsynads.com。
Go to libsynads.com that's libsynads.com today.
关于 Bayt 播客
Bayt 提供中文+原文双语音频和字幕，帮助你打破语言障碍，轻松听懂全球优质播客。