Skill Drill - The Hub Drill for Wheelchair

欢迎收听《像冠军一样比赛》。

Welcome to Compete Like a Champion.

今天和你在一起的是博士。

You're here with Dr.

拉里·劳尔，USTA球员发展部的心理表现总监，还有教练约翰尼·帕克斯。

Larry Lauer, director of mental performance with USTA Player Development and coach Johnny Parkes.

我们今天回归，带来一集技能训练。

We're back with a Skill Drill episode today.

我们要接着上一集的内容来讲。

So we're building off from the last episode.

上一集我们请来了特别嘉宾，来自轮椅网球队的。

We had special guests on from from Wheelchair...

美国轮椅网球队的杰森·哈内特和罗布·克罗斯，他们回来带我们进行一项技能训练。

Team USA Wheelchair Tennis, Jason Harnett and Rob Cross, and they're back to take us through a Skill Drill.

所以，各位，再次感谢你们的加入。

So thanks for joining us again, fellas.

真的很感谢你们多花时间，而且基于上一集，我们本来可以一直聊下去，深入探讨轮椅网球，庆祝周年纪念。

Really appreciate the more time and, you know, based off the last episode, we could have kept going and going and taking even deeper dives into wheelchair tennis and celebrating the anniversary.

但在交给你们之前的技能训练环节前，我想先让拉里说说。

But before we send it over to you with the Skill Drill, wanna give it to you, Larry.

从上一集到这一集，你有什么收获？

What's some of your takeaways from the last episode as we build into this one?

嗯，我照例要从心理角度来说，但我在回顾上一集的时候在想……

Well, I'm gonna come from the psych angle as usual, but I was reviewing, you know, that last episode just thinking about...

我们谈到了创伤经历以及残疾，还有在这个过程中常常伴随着对失败的恐惧，教练如何与球员互动会对这种恐惧起到减轻或加重的作用，你懂吗？

We talked about the trauma that's experienced and the disability and how often there's a fear fear of failure that's embedded in this process and how the coach is interacting with the player can really minimize that fear of failure or accentuate that fear of failure, you know?

所以球员需要对自己的能力有信心，不仅是学习技能，还要在比赛中发挥出来。

And so helping that player feel confident in their abilities, not only learn the skills, but to perform.

所以这对我来说是一个很重要的收获，也是要继续帮助球员们并留意的方面。

So that was a big kind of takeaway for me and something to continue to try to help the players with and be aware of.

那就交给罗布和杰森吧。

But I'll send it over to Rob and Jason.

你们从上一集里有什么收获？

What's the takeaway from you guys from the last episode?

我先说吧。

I mean, I'll go first.

我最大的收获就是意识到轮椅网球已经发展得这么远了。

My main takeaway is realizing how far wheelchair tennis has come.

我觉得，当Jason讲历史的时候，真的很棒，我也学到了很多，就像我在播客里说的那样，但确实，这项运动发展得多远，同时也记住了过去发生的事情，还有我们为什么会在现在这个位置。

I think I think when Jason was talking about the history, which was great and I learned a lot, as I said during the podcast, but, yeah, how far the games come, but also remembering what's happened in the past and why why we are where we are.

这对我来说就是最大的收获。

And that was the, yeah, the biggest takeaway for me.

再次感谢你们邀请我们。

And thanks again for having us, guys.

我觉得每当我开始长篇大论，讲起这项运动的历史时，我总会回到一个点：轮椅网球的旅程和健全人网球的发展有多么相似、多么平行。

I think, you know, whenever ever I go on my diatribes and I start reeling off history of the sport, I think what I always come back to is how similar and how parallel the journey of wheelchair tennis has been to the able-bodied journey.

从业余走向职业，显然还有技术的进步和技巧的提升，所有这些其实都在某种程度上跟着健全人网球走的。

When you talk about going from amateurism to the professional side and obviously the technology enhancements and technique enhancements, all of it's really followed almost like follow the able-bodied lead in some ways.

所以那个……

So that...

有个现成的蓝本可以照着走，其实是件好事。

And that's been good having a blueprint in front of you to kind of follow.

但我总是……

But I always...

就算我嘴上说着这些，心里还是会想，哇，这段历程真是一模一样。

Even as I'm saying and talking about these things, I always reflect on like, wow, what a similar journey it's been.

而今天我们坐在这里，又聊起这些。

And here we are today talking more about it.

所以一切都太棒了。

So it's all awesome.

那太好了。

That's great.

同时我们也在聊未来会是什么样，接下来会发生什么。

And it's also talking about, you know, what's in the future, you know, what's to come.

轮椅网球已经取得了很大的进展，尤其是在大满贯赛事上的曝光度，但无论从基层还是从我们所说的轮椅运动员的发展路径来看，还有很多工作要做。

You know, there's been so much that's been done in wheelchair tennis to get to the point where with the visibility at the slams, but there's still so much more to be done both from a grassroots level and and, you know, if we wanna call it the pathway for a wheelchair athlete.

考虑到这一点，我们谈到了可用的资源，比如USTA的教练课程，以及其他提到的资源。

And with that in mind, we talked about the resources that are available, USTA coaching, courses that can be utilized there and other resources were mentioned.

带着这种精神，我们直接进入正题，想给大家一个实际应用的例子，一个技能训练，供那些在听的教练参考，作为入门或熟悉起点的例子。

But with that spirit in mind, you know, we can get straight to it here is we wanted to give a practical application here of a drill, a skill drill that can be done for those coaches listening in as an example of maybe a starting point or an example to kind of get familiarized with where to start.

那我们直接开始吧，我把时间交给你们。

So, you know, we'll we'll get straight into it, I'll hand it over to you guys.

带我们了解一下这个训练。

You know, walk us through this.

好吧，是的，我想推荐一个训练，这对新手来说总是好的，但即使是职业选手也会练习。

Well, yeah, I would guess one drill, which is always good for for new players, but that even pros practice it.

说到健全人的网球，我们总是强调要保持良好的准备姿势。

I mean, when you talk about able-bodied tennis, we always say about being in a good ready position.

但在轮椅上，准备姿势就大不相同了。

Now wheelchair, a ready position is very different.

但对我来说，当我跟球员们说的时候，准备姿势实际上就是保持轮椅移动。

But me, when I speak to players, a ready position is actually keeping the chair moving.

所以，移动就是准备。

So mobility, that is being ready.

所以我一直做的一个训练，我知道在美国可能叫法不一样，杰森之后会讲到。

So a a drill that I've always done, I know it's probably called something different in The USA, which Jason will go through after.

我们叫它“枢纽训练”。

It's, think we call it a hub drill.

这其实就是一个基础训练，任何水平都能做。

And all it is is it's a basic drill, and it can be done at all levels.

你可以先扔一个网球，然后再进入击球。

You can do it by throwing a tennis ball then moving into hitting.

但简单来说，就是你在底线中间有一个目标点。

But, yeah, to to give it a brief explanation is that you would have, say, a target to meet behind the baseline in the middle.

球员从那个目标点开始，斜着往场内移动。

The player will start from that target and move on an angle inside the court.

你可以想象成更像一个八字形的路线。

So you can imagine being more like a figure of eight.

对于年纪小的球员，我的做法是，有时候我会扔球给他们，让球弹一次后再接住。

Now the way I do at younger players that I will sometimes throw a ball for them to catch after one bounce.

如果球员速度慢一点，力量弱一点，记住在轮椅网球里球可以弹两次。

Now if the player is a little bit slower, a bit weaker, remember at Wheelchair Tennis we can have two bounces.

所以这个训练有很多不同的变化方式。

So there's lots of different variations of the drill you can do.

球员接住球后，可以让他们把球扔回给你，然后回到中心那个枢纽位置。

Now after that player catches the ball, can get them to throw it back to you, recovering back to that central hub.

如果想象成八字形来做这个动作，那就是我们说的这个训练。

If you can imagine doing that in a figure of eight, that's kind of the drill that we're talking about.

你可以通过击球来进阶，也可以通过不同的转向来进阶，比如向内转和向外转。

You can progress it with hitting, you can progress it with different turns, so turning in and turning out.

想象一下，你面对的是一个防守型的阿尔卡拉斯。

Imagine that you've got a Kalos Alcaraz who's gonna be on the defense.

他实际上会斜着移出场地。

He'd be actually moving on an angle out of the court.

这和轮椅网球是一样的。

That's the same as wheelchair tennis.

所以如果球稍微高一点或者来球有攻击性，轮椅球员就会斜着移出去，然后总是回到那个中心位置。

So if the ball's a bit higher or an aggressive ball, the wheelchair player will move out on an angle then always recovering back to that hub.

所以这是一个我觉得对新球员和教练都非常好的训练。

So that's one drill which I think is so good for new players, for coaches.

另外很重要的一点是，轮椅网球有时候你会背对球场。

One main part with this as well is that wheelchair tennis, sometimes you're turning your back on the tennis court.

就是背对着你的对手。

It's turning your back to your opponent.

这会让感知能力变得很难发挥。

So that makes it quite difficult with perception skills.

所以我总是喜欢让这些球员尽可能在情况允许时看着球场方向。

So what I always like to do with these players as well is actually get them trying to look down the court when they can.

这有助于他们判断平衡，特别是对健全人选手来说。

That helps them with reading the balances, especially for the human players.

他们这样做非常重要。

It's so important that they do that.

在教练轮椅网球时，很容易让球员朝着目标移动，从而自然地不沿着球场走动。

It's so tempting when you're coaching wheelchair tennis to get a player to move towards a target and naturally not walk down the tennis court.

我见过太多次这种情况，而像这样的训练真的能帮上忙，并且能提醒你注意这些细节。

I see it so many times and that's where a drill like this can really help and keep an eye on those things.

Jason，你愿意从美国那边来详细解释一下吗？

Jason, do you wanna go into your explanation of that and bring the American side?

那非常好。

That was very good.

不。

No.

那太棒了。

That was excellent.

我们说的那个角度，Rob讲的其实是45度角。

We talk about the angle Rob's talking about is a 45 degree angle.

如果你喜欢用数学或角度的方式去想的话，就是向前45度，或者向后推离底线，也就是Rob说的背对球场。

If you if you like to think in mathematical terms and angles, it's either forward 45 degrees or or backwards being pushing away from the baseline as Rob said with your back to the court.

还有一个很好的技巧，Rob建议是，从一开始就让球员这么做。

And and another great tip that Rob had was trying to get players even from the very beginning.

我们喜欢让他们从内侧肩膀往后看，去观察球场后方。

We like to have them look over their inside shoulder to look back up court.

总是用内侧肩膀，这样才能确保他们看到球被击打的时候发生了什么。

It's always the inside shoulder to make sure that they see what's going on when the ball is being struck.

然后当我们回到hub位置的时候，我觉得hub这个词是从车轮来的。

And then when we recover to the hub, I think the hub came from, like, the wheel.

就是车轮的轮毂，也就是车轮的中心。

The hub of the wheel, the center of the wheel.

这个练习就是这么演变出来的。

That's kinda how this drill kinda evolved.

我们希望你确保自己明白对方打出的是什么类型的球，以及他们是怎么回应的。

You know, we want you making sure that you, you know, you understand what type of ball is being hit, what type of balls were being respond, you know, they're responding with.

但关于枢纽本身，我们常说它是个活生生的、不断变化的东西。

But the Hub itself, we always say it's kind of a living breathing thing.

所以如果我正手位打一个斜线球到对面的正手位，对吧？

So if I hit a ball cross court from the deuce side to the other deuce side, right?

从正手位到正手位，我可能不会回到场地的正中央，让自己暴露在身后的斜线角度攻击下。

Deuce to deuce, I maybe am not gonna recover dead center in the court, leaving myself vulnerable to an angle back behind me.

所以我会回到中线的右侧一点。

So I'm gonna recover just right of center.

如果我反手位打一个斜线球到对面的反手位，我会回到中线的左侧一点。

And if I go add court to add court on the cross, I'm gonna recover just left of center.

就像我们在健全人网球中做的那样。

Just like we would on the able-bodied side.

所以你要尽量复制你在健全人网球里所需要的站位。

So you're trying to replicate what your needs are, say, in able-bodied tennis.

我在这里需要做什么？

What do I need to do here?

而“Hub”的作用就是教你如何在轮椅上做到这一点，因为轮椅没法左右横向移动。

And what the hub does is it shows you how to do it from a chair standpoint because in a wheelchair, it can't move laterally right and left.

你必须转动轮椅并推动才能左右移动，而且你没法跳起来。

You actually have to turn the chair and push to move right or left and you can't jump.

所以就像Rob说的，有时候球来得特别高，会从你头顶上飞过去。

So as Rob said, there are moments where I'd say a ball is coming in really high and it's gonna bounce over you.

你得从球场向外撤，以45度角离开底线，去追这个球。

You have to move away or out from the court, away from the baseline at a 45 degree angle to chase the ball down.

如果需要的话，你可以让球第二次落地。

You can use a second bounce if you need it.

但我觉得，对于那些教健全人网球的教练来说，看到自己的学生背对球场，确实是很不习惯的事情，教练们也得适应这一点。

But again, it's that unfamiliarity, I think, of coaches who coach able-bodied tennis of having, you know, your students back to the court, I think is something that coaches have to get used to.

但说实话，这一切都是在尽量模仿我们平时站着打球时的动作。

But it's it's all trying to replicate what we do on our feet to to be honest.

只是在椅子上的话，会有些限制。

It's just in a chair, there's a couple limitations.

再次提到，就是不能左右移动，也不能跳。

Again, no lateral and no ability to jump.

这真有意思。

That's fascinating.

那我有个关于斜线深球的问题。

So I've got a question then on the diagonal deep.

关于斜线深球，比如说，如果这个球不会让你被迫退到后场。

Now on the diagonal deep, let's say on a on a shot that doesn't send you deep.

你...

You...

你可能会斜着移动轮椅来接球，而他们会在击球时推动轮椅向前，对吧？

You'd be moving the chair maybe on the angle to receive the ball and they'd be moving the chair in with the stroke, right?

所以如果我...

So if I...

我击球的时候，椅子是跟着我一起往里移的，然后打深球回位时，我会转回来对准中心点，对吧？

As I'm hitting the stroke, the chair is moving inwards with me and then I would turn in to come back to the hub on the deep ball, right?

如果是那种45度角往后撤的走位，我们去接那个可能比较高的球呢？

Where that chair is moving back on the 45 degree angle and we're trying to receive that, maybe it's that higher ball.

这时候椅子是往里转，还是说我单纯……

Does the chair turn inwards or am I simply...

就是先把球救回来，然后再往外转回到中心点？

It's a case of get that ball back and then am I turning outwards to come back to the hub?

你明白我的意思吗？

Are you with me?

这就好比……

That's like...

因为我觉得……

Because I...

这是我们……

That's something we...

我也不太清楚。

You know, I I don't know.

我只是在美网看到一些球，不管是高球还是深球，他们往回跑的时候，那个角度真的很难处理。

I just viewed a bit a bit at the US Open was where those higher and those deep ones where they're going back, you know, it's a really tough angle.

就像往后45度那样，很难在场上获得前冲的动量。

Like backwards 45 degrees, can't really get much momentum into the court.

那么这对移动模式会有什么影响呢？

So how does how does that affect the the movement pattern?

我觉得，不过尽量别把事情搞复杂了，在反手这边，很多球员大多数时候还是会转体反手，即使是打反手抽球的时候。

I guess without trying to complicate it too much though, on the backhand side when you're doing this, a lot of players still turn out in the backhand on the majority of the time even when they're hitting the drive backhand.

但你会发现，很多打反手削球的球员其实也会转体。

But you find that a lot of players who will slice the backhand will actually turn out as well.

所以，区别就在于……

So the the the diff...

再说，这个训练也有不同的变化形式。

Again, there's different variations of this drill.

如果只是练最基础的动作，你可以让每个人在击球后都转进来。

If you're keeping it basic, you can get everyone turning in after the hit all the time.

但在反手这一侧，练习转出去也很好。

But on the backhand side, it's also good to practice turning out.

你提到的那个深球，我们在正手击球时还是尽量让球员转进来。

On the the deep ball that you're talking about, we still try and get the players turning in during the hit on the forehand.

但有时候你也会遇到……

But there are times where you...

如果他们压力特别大，自然会转出去，因为轮椅也会跟着自然转动。

If if they're under so much pressure, they will just naturally turn out because the chair will naturally turn with them.

所以就看动量的方向，尤其是如果轮椅性能好的话，动量也会带动轮椅转动。

So where the momentum's going, especially if it's a really good wheelchair, the momentum's gonna turn the chair as well.

在正手这一侧，我们确实尽量鼓励球员在击球过程中尽可能转进来。

On the forehand side, we do try and encourage turning in through the shot as much as possible.

就像教健全的网球选手一样，让他们在击球时旋转身体。

Like you would teach for an an able-bodied tennis player trying to rotate through the ball.

是的。

Yep.

你知道吗？

You know?

如果他们做不到，我会……

If they can't, I would...

我想起英国的安迪·穆雷。

I I go back to British Andy Murray.

有时候他……

Sometimes he...

你会看到他打一个防守性的反手球，时不时地转身，把球挑高来赢得时间。

You would see him hit a defensive back and actually turn out every now and then after putting the ball in the air for a lock.

我们很少看到其他选手这么做，但他会。

We don't see many players doing that, but he would do that.

这让我想起轮椅网球，我在那里经常看到这种情况。

And that always brought me back to wheelchair tennis where I see that all the time.

是的，但我们尽量鼓励多转身上步。

But, yeah, we try and encourage turning in as much as possible.

反手的时候，你会看到球员们经常转身。

On the backhand, you will see players turn out quite a bit.

好吧，我刚想说，我见过...

Well, I was just gonna say, I mean, I saw...

我见纳达尔在反手削球时经常这样做。

I see Rafa did that a lot on a sliced backhand.

在红土上，我们削球后他会向右转，转回来，这很像轮椅网球的模式。

Clay, we'd slice and he turned to his right, right, which would would circle back, and it's very much a wheelchair tennis pattern.

但在轮椅上每次转身上步，你都会更靠近底线。

But every time you turn in in a wheelchair, you're getting closer to the baseline.

所以作为教练，我们对靠近底线非常敏感，就像在健全人网球中一样。

So as coaches, we're very, very in tune with proximity to the baseline just like you would be in able-bodied tennis.

每次转身上步，你都会更靠近底线，缩小距离，这再次取决于你击球的类型，决定你有多少时间准备下一次回击。

So every time you turn in, you're getting closer to the baseline, closing that gap, which again, depending upon the type of ball you hit, might determine how much time you have to prepare for the next, you know, the next response.

所以向外转身能给你更多空间，这样也就给你更多时间，但也可能让你面对短球或小角度球时比较被动。

So turning out buys you more space, which in turn buys you more time, but it can also leave you vulnerable to a short ball or a short angle.

这些是我们花很多时间跟球员一起琢磨的事情，帮他们明白，根据他们回球的方式，来决定应采用哪种转身。

So these are things, you know, that we really spend time with players, helping them understand, you know, depending upon the type of ball they respond with will determine what type of turn maybe that they make.

但就像Rob说的，这些在健全人比赛中也能看到。

But those are things, as Rob said, you know, you can see it on the able-bodied.

如果安迪·穆雷和纳达尔都这么做，那肯定是有原因的。

If Annie Murray and Rafa are doing it, there's a reason why they're doing it.

讽刺的是，我们总看到这些然后想，轮椅网球选手五十年前就这么做了，可大家看纳达尔向右转身却觉得那是超厉害的事。

And ironically, we always see that and we go, wow, wheelchair tenants have been doing that for fifty years, you know, and yet everybody sees Rafa spin out to the right and thinks it's the most amazing thing ever.

对我们来说，这不过是我们每天都会做的。

And for us, we're like, well, that's something we do every day.

没什么大不了的。

It's no big deal.

所以，这在轮椅网球中比较特别，但并不是健全人网球完全没有的。

So unique to wheelchair tennis, but not absolutely unique to anybody tennis.

所以这里面确实有一些共通之处。

So there's some shared commonality there.

而且我觉得，如果你是一名教练，平时没教过轮椅网球，你也可以把自己放在那个战术位置上去思考。

And I guess with that as well, it's like if you coach and you're not used to coaching wheelchair tennis, you can put yourself as a coach in that tactical position as well.

所以你就……

So you...

如果你想想的话，我喜欢这样说，你知道吗？

If think of it, I like going, you know what?

我转身是为了争取更多时间，覆盖更大的场地，然后再借此获得一些动力。

I'm gonna turn out to give more time, to cover more at the court, then to get some momentum moving on to it.

这和教健全人的网球是一样的。

It's the same as teaching able-bodied tennis.

所以如果你感到困惑，不知道该什么时候这么做，那就戴上战术帽，然后……

So if if you're struggling to to understand when to that, yeah, just to put your tactical head on and then...

从那里入手就行了。

And work from there.

有时候看起来可能挺吓人的，但如果你这样想，对教练们会有帮助。

Sometimes it can seem very scary, but when you think of it like that, that can help coaches.

罗伯，你简直在替我说出心里话，因为我的问题就是，你怎么帮助那些没教过轮椅网球的教练，让他们有信心来做这个训练？

You're like reading my mind there, Rob, because my question was gonna be, how do you help coaches maybe who aren't coaching wheelchair players to feel confident to do this drill?

有什么建议，或者说，如果一个教练整个职业生涯都在教健全人，从零开始接触轮椅球员，该怎么入手？

What are some tips or maybe just in general starting with a wheelchair player when they worked with the able-bodied side their whole career?

我觉得杰森之前也提到过这一点。

I I think Jason touched on it before as well.

就像他说的，打斜线然后回斜线，这些就是你直接教的自然推进。

It's like when he talks about going cross court and recovering back cross, they're natural progressions that you just teach.

这又回到了，对，教网球的基本功。

And it's going back to, yeah, teaching tennis.

当然，我们说的是轮椅的动量和移动。

And obviously we're talking about momentum of the chair.

基本上教你自己熟悉的东西，这完全没问题。

Being basically teach what you know, which is absolutely fine.

但我们努力做的是保持轮椅的动量，无论是初学者还是职业选手。

But what we try and do is keep momentum of the wheelchair moving and that's from a beginner through to a pro.

我和职业选手合作过，我们还得回头练保持轮椅动量。

I've worked with pros and we've had to go back into keeping momentum with the chair.

有些职业选手赢过多次大满贯，但你依然在练这些基础的东西。

Pros have won multiple grand slams and you're still working those basic things.

所以这和带健全运动员练的内容是一样的。

So it goes all the way through what you would work with an able-bodied player.

我觉得这就像是……

And I think it's...

对，这其实是在打破一些障碍，别害怕。

Yeah, that's breaking down those barriers a little bit of going, don't be scared.

教网球，但要让轮椅保持移动。

Teach tennis, but keep momentum in the chair.

你明白吗？

You know?

不完美也没关系。

If it's not perfect, it doesn't matter.

要不要我们快速过一遍……

Would it help to to walk through...

我可以很快地演示一下实际上是什么样子的。

I can do it very quickly what what it actually looks like.

你可以……

You can...

大家都能想象出来，Larry，这是什么样子的。

We can all visualize, Larry, on what what this looks like.

作为教练，你会先放一个锥桶在底线后方三四英尺的中心位置，然后通常在前面放两到四个或五个锥桶，可能一个刚好在底线后面，靠近单打边线，离底线大约两英尺，然后在占先区那边也放同样的锥桶。

But as coaches, you would start with a cone maybe three to four feet behind the baseline in the center, and then you have maybe two to four or five more cones typically in front, maybe one just behind the baseline, close to the single sideline, maybe two feet off the baseline, and the same thing on the ad side.

然后随着进度推进，可能在前方再放两个锥桶，靠近发球线一些。

And then possibly as you progress, two more cones up front, maybe closer to the service line.

再说一遍，所有东西都从底线后方那个主锥桶或中心锥桶那里以45度的角度向外展开。

Again, everything kinda peeling at a 45 degree angle off of that home cone or that hub cone back behind the baseline.

就像罗布刚才说的，为了让大家都能轻松参与。

And as Rob just said, to keep it comfortable for everyone.

我们都做过类似的训练，不管是孩子还是成年人，都可以有进阶和退阶的调整。

It's like we've all done drills like this with kids on their feet or adults on their feet and you can do progressions and regressions.

你可以从……

You can start by...

先让你学这个……

Let's have you learn this...

这个练习，这个模式，先不拿球拍。

The drill, the the pattern without a racket in your hand.

就像推椅子一样。

Like just pushing the chair.

这里有向外转和向内转。

Here's an outside turn and inside turn.

这就是反向移动的样子，他们会从你身后绕过，然后你朝另一边转身。

Here's what reverse mobility looks like where they go behind you and you turn out the other way.

我们可以不用拿着球拍来走一遍这个流程。

We can walk through that without a racket in your hand.

然后你进阶到拿着球拍，这又是另一个技能。

Then you progress to a racket in your hand, which again is another skill.

推轮椅的时候手里拿着球拍，这……

Having a racket in your hand while you push a wheelchair is it...

比不拿球拍要难一些。

Is more difficult than without one.

接着你再加上手抛球，对吧，每个锥桶都要做。

And then you add the hand tossing, right, to each cone.

这就是手抛球。

Here's a hand toss.

就像Rob说的，我们把球拍拿掉，绕过锥桶，接住球，这相当于接触球的那个点，然后再回到中心位置。

And as Rob said, how about we take the racket out, you go around the cone, you catch the ball, which would be the point of maybe contact and then you recover back to the hub again.

我们先把这一步练好，然后再加上球拍，再加上击球，两边都要练。

Then we go through that and then we add the racket, then we add a strike and you do it on both.

所以你要循序渐进，如果学生遇到困难，那就退后一两步，再重新来一遍。

So you progress and if the student's struggling, then you regress a step or two and you take it back again.

正是这种进退之间的调节，这种逐步推进和退回，才能最终带来成功。

And it's that in and out, that progression regression that will lead to success.

就像Rob说的，不管是初学者还是职业选手，这个过程都不会停止。

And as Rob said, it doesn't stop from beginning level players to professionals.

即使在职业水平，有时候你也得退回一步，提醒自己，然后再继续努力。

Even the professional level is sometimes you have to regress and remind and then get back to work.

我特别喜欢这种循序渐进的方式，因为它会……

So I love that progression because it would...

我在想，这对年轻或者经验不足的选手来说可能挺复杂的，他们坐在轮椅上学习网球，能够把难度降下来，先不考虑击球的效果，因为这本身就是另一个复杂的层面，包括到位、做好接触，还要让球落在场地上。

In my mind, I'm saying this could be pretty complicated for a young or inexperienced player, a person in the chair, learning tennis and, you know, being able to regress that down and and take the outcome of the shot out of it because that just represents a whole another complication of actually getting in position, then making good contact, and getting the ball to go on the court.

我觉得一开始甚至可以把球拍从手里拿掉，只专注于动作本身，单独练接球的技巧，这个想法特别好。

I love the idea of even taking the racket out of the hand at first and just focusing, isolating the movement and and the catching skill.

这种循序渐进的方法非常……

The progression is very...

这和我对球员做的是一样的。

Is the same as what as what I do with with a player.

我们得先把动作过一遍。

We gotta go through the movement.

好。

Okay.

然后我们再加上一点对球的感知。

Then we'll add a little bit of the the perception in with the tennis ball.

我们再把动作做一遍。

Let's go through the movement.

就像你一开始说的，罗宾，先做动作，然后接住球。

Like you said at the beginning there, go through the movement, Robin, and catch the ball.

把球扔回来。

I mean, throwing it back.

然后我们进行恢复。

Then we get the recovery.

好。

Okay.

现在我们加上球拍试试。

Now let's add in with the racket.

好。

Okay.

因为那是另一种不同的认知，关于击球和恢复。

Because that's another different perception in terms of with the striking and then the recovery.

然后接下来显然还是一样，但是要加快速度。

And then obviously I guess from there on is the same, but speeding it up.

而且我还想听听关于椅子的 momentum 的情况。

And what I like to hear there as well as about the momentum of the chair.

因为很多时候我们教球员的时候，我们会说，移动是一回事。

Cause quite often when we're teaching players, we talk about, you know, okay, movement is one thing.

如果我们只是做动作，那很好。

If we just go through the movement, that's great.

这是让我们熟悉所需的动作模式。

That's familiarizing ourselves with the movement pattern that we need.

但接着你必须加入减速来击球，然后再重新加速回去，对吧？

But then when you have to add in a deceleration to hit the ball and then a reacceleration back, right?

这是一种不同的节奏和韵律，所以我们可以通过动作来熟悉我们需要做的事情。

That's a kind of a different type of rhythm and cadence, you know, so we can go through the movements to familiarize ourselves with what we need to do.

但当我们加入，比如说对球的深度感知、空间感知，知道现在要做什么准备去击球，这就会决定在那节奏中加速、减速、再加速的程度。

But then when we add in the, let's say the perception of the ball is depth perception, spatial awareness of what I need to do now to get prepared to hit that ball, then that gauges the level of acceleration to deceleration to reacceleration in that rhythm.

这并不仅仅是开始、停止、击球，然后再重新开始回去。那种动作的效率或者说动作经济性，不管你怎么叫，其实是一样的……

It's not a start, stop, hit the ball and then start back up again and go back that sort of a movement efficiency or movement economy, whatever you wanna call it, you know, is the same whether...

所以那是……

So it was...

听到这个真是太好了，因为那种节奏和时机，正是我们常跟网球运动员谈到的，通常决定了回球的质量。

That's great to hear that because that rhythm and that timing is obviously what we talk about with any tennis player that often defines the quality of the shot that is able to go back.

所以听起来进展不错。

So that sounds great progression.

效率，你刚才说的真的很重要，而且作为运动方面的专家，约翰尼，你肯定明白这一点。

The efficiency, what you just said is really important and being a movement expert, Johnny, you understand this.

对我们来说，我们也会关注转弯的质量。

For us, we also look at the quality of the turns.

问题不在于你是否做出了正确的转弯。

It's not about are you doing the correct turn?

那质量怎么样呢？

What about quality?

你是不是转得太快了？

Are you turning too quickly?

你是不是转弯转得太急，以至于在弯道处失去了动力，速度也降了下来，然后只能靠肌肉发力硬冲出去；或者你转弯转得太宽，导致效率极低，浪费时间，回来也花了太长时间。

Are you making that turn so tight you lose momentum out of the corner, you lose speed and then you, you know, rely upon muscle to get out, you know, muscle your way out of that turn or do you make a turn too wide where you're vastly inefficient and you're you're losing time and it takes too long to get back.

然而，对于一个未经训练的眼睛来说，你可能会觉得，嗯，你确实做了正确的转弯。

Yet to maybe an untrained eye, you think, well, yeah, you made the correct turn.

你是在该转弯的时候转弯了。

You turned in when you were supposed to turn it.

但是你的转弯太紧了。

But you turned too tight.

你转得太慢了。

You went too slow.

你转得太快了。

You went too fast.

你转弯太宽了。

You went too wide.

你进得太深了。

You went too deep.

这些都是我和Rob即使在职业水平上也会注意的。

So those are things that Rob and I look at even at the professional level.

我们转弯的效率有多高？

How efficient are we making these turns?

这到底是击球技术的问题，还是仅仅是一个移动和站位的问题？我们常常接球晚了，或者是在追球而不是迎球，所有这些对我们来说完全适用，就像对其他任何人一样。

And is it really a stroke production issue or is it simply a movement and positioning issue that we're we're typically late getting the ball or we're scrambling to get to the ball, you know, chasing, you know, going to the ball versus after the ball, all that stuff applies 100 to us as anybody else.

所以这些都是我们关注的重要事项，而且做起来不难，因为这是可控的环境。

So these are important things that we look at that are easy because it's a it's a controlled environment.

在封闭的环境里，你可以通过手抛球或者完全不用球来控制，就像我们之前说的；或者你也可以扩大范围，打开环境，在实战球模式中进行，那样难度会大一些，但在最高水平上是可以做到的。

That closed environment that you can really control through hand tossing or no ball at all, like we talked about, or you can expand out, open the environment, and do it in a live ball pattern, which is difficult, but at the highest level you can do it.

那么回到五十周年这个更大的主题上，上一集传达的一个信息是，让更多的教练参与指导轮椅球员。

And so, you know, bringing it back to the bigger theme of the fiftieth anniversary and one of the messages from the last episode was getting more coaches involved in coaching players in a chair.

而我现在听到的是，这些很多方面都是相似或相同的。

And I think what I'm hearing is a lot of these things are similar or the same.

所以教练们可以有能力、有信心去和轮椅球员一起工作，在这方面也能发挥作用。

So coaches can have the capacity and have the confidence to go work with wheelchair players and and work on that side as well.

这样就能帮助这项运动发展，让更多孩子参与进来，在你当地找到能打网球的孩子，但可能没有人教他们，我想这可能就是问题所在。

You know, and that that would help grow the sport, getting more kids involved, finding kids in your local area who could play tennis, but there's no one to coach them as I can imagine might be the issue.

我记得在上一集里我们谈到过……

I would remember in the last episode that we talked about the...

我想我说的是九一开，教练或前球员已经知道的90%的知识。

I think I said ninety ten, 90% of what you already know as a coach, as a former player.

嘿。

Hey.

但你自己经历过这些，也没有人教过你。

But you've been through it yourself, haven't been coached.

这些加起来成就了现在的你，90%都懂了，为什么不把这里看作一个机会呢？

All that adds up to where you're at and at 90%, I mean, why wouldn't you maybe look at this space as an opportunity?

我绝不会说辞掉你的工作，专心搞轮椅网球。

I would never say, you know, quit your day job and focus on wheelchair tennis.

你可以……

You know, you can...

这只是你工作之外的补充，而且会极大地帮助这个社区有更多打球的机会，因为我们需要更多的教练。

This is just a supplement to what you do and it would amazingly help this community have more opportunities to play because we need more coaches.

就像我们说的，你们是俱乐部和社区里的领头人，再加上……

As we say, you guys are the leaders on the ground at your clubs and your communities and add...

我一直说，增加一个轮椅网球项目，或者适应性网球项目，或者军人的……

I've always said adding a wheelchair tennis program or adapted tennis program or military.

就像这些所谓的少数群体，这真的会改变你们俱乐部的整体文化。

Some of these these minority groups so to speak, it changes your whole culture of your club.

但是，就像你所说的，Larry，你知道的，这些应该能帮你起步。

But what you know should help you get started like you said, Larry.

这并不是一个巨大到让人觉得不可能的跳跃，也没那么吓人。

It's not such a big leap and such a scary leap that it's an impossibility.

一切都是可行的。

It's all possible.

而且不仅仅是...

And it's just not...

再说，我和Rob刚开始时对轮椅网球可能真的了解不多，但我们投入了大量时间，认真去学。

Again, Rob and I didn't really maybe know much at all about wheelchair tennis when we started and we put the mileage in and paid attention.

现在我们就在这里。

And here we are.

而且很可能从已经在这个领域里的人那里学到了不少。

And probably learned from people that were already in the field.

我知道罗布上次也提到过这个。

I know Rob talked about that last time as well.

是的，这很令人兴奋，因为我觉得这不仅是一个能真正帮助别人的地方，而且我认为网球对一个年轻人和轮椅使用者来说，是改变人生的，可能比那些身体健全的人影响更大。

But yeah, it's exciting because I think that not only is a place where you could really help others, I think, you know, tennis for a young person and chair is life changing, probably more so than for someone who has all of their physical capabilities.

所以有这一面，但我也发现……

So, you know, there's that side of it, but then I just find too that, you know, the...

作为教练，我更多是从心理表现教练的角度来看，这些球员的感恩和珍惜，以及你从这些坐轮椅的运动员身上得到的回报，真是太多了。

What you get as a coach, and I'm thinking more from a mental performance coach side, is the gratitude of these players feel and the appreciation just how much, you know, you get from working with these athletes that are in chairs.

这真的是一个很棒的经历。

It's truly an awesome experience.

所以我希望这个技能训练至少能激发大家的兴趣，约翰尼，它能激励有人采取行动，去教练那些坐轮椅的球员。

So, you know, I hope that this Skill Drill at least maybe interest people and looking at doing it, Johnny it catalyzes someone to take action into coaching players that are in chair so.

对，当然。

Well, yeah, absolutely.

而且我在这里听到的一个重点是，九十十是，有很多你其实已经知道的东西，这并不是什么完全不同的东西。

And I think that, you know, a big thing that I'm hearing here is the ninety ten is there's a lot that you already know, you know, this isn't something that is wildly different.

我们刚才讨论的那些，训练、核心内容和进阶方式，其实和任何球员在培养技能时用的步骤是一样的。

What we've just discussed there, the drill, the hub and the progressions are the same progressions that you would take any player through to develop a skill.

在这里，关键是理解，对吧？

In this case, it's understanding, right?

这项技能就是移动。

The skill is movement.

好的。

Okay.

移动，不管你是健全运动员还是轮椅运动员，都有一些非常相似的移动模式需要去完成。

Movement either as an able body athlete or wheelchair athlete is there is movement patterns to be performed that are very similar.

这里面有个节奏，从加速到减速再到动量，以及通过速度来逐步提升技能，然后从速度到比赛，再到压力场景下的应用，所有这些都非常相似，甚至可以说和教健全运动员几乎完全一样。

There is a cadence to that from acceleration deceleration momentum and the progressions to build up the skill with speeds and then from speeds with competition and in, you know, under pressure scenarios, all of it is very, very similar, if not very close to being the same as you would teach able-bodied athletes.

所以，这是一个核心主题。

So that is a key theme.

然后我想，像任何教练一样，你需要去现场看看，哪里可以提升我对这些训练的理解，对吧？

And then I guess, know, like any coach, it's going out there and seeing where can I upscale my knowledge of the drills, right?

所以你在网上看看，到处都能找到资源，美国网球协会现在也在做这个，每周都会发布练习项目，对吧？这样又回到了杰森和罗布这里，对不对？

So you go online and you see all these, you know, wherever you go and get your resources and USTA coaching is doing it now and sending out the the the, you know, drill of the week, you know, so this will go back to Jason and Rob here, Right?

如果我想去看看这些练习的实际操作，并且能看到的话，我去哪里找呢？

If I wanna go on and and look at these drills in action and I'm able to see it, right, where can I go?

因为我觉得这对教练来说是很重要的一部分，不只是去——YouTube上有很多东西，很多垃圾，但也有一些好东西。

You know, because I think that's a big piece for coaches and it's like not just going to the, you know, there's a lot of stuff on YouTube, a lot of crap on YouTube, but there's also some good stuff out there.

那我们该去哪里学习这些练习，了解更多关于枢纽和进阶的内容呢？

So where can we go to kind of learn these drills, learn more about the hub, the progressions?

好吧，我跟你说，现在成为轮椅网球教练比我和罗布当初开始的时候容易多了。

Well, I'll tell you what, it's a lot easier to become a wheelchair tennis coach now than when when I started and probably Rob even started.

现在的资源比过去多太多了，以前就是靠试错。

So many more resources now than back at in in the old days, was just trial by error.

就是上球场去做，去学。

Just get out there on the court and do it and learn.

就像你说的，约翰尼，还有拉里说的，向别人学习，其他教练、其他球员，互帮互助的指导，从球员那里了解残疾和打网球是怎么一回事。

Like you said, Johnny, learn and Larry said learn from other people, other coaches, other players, the reciprocal mentorship, learning from the player about what it is to have a disability and play tennis.

学会在轮椅上打网球是一回事。

It's one thing to learn how to play tennis in a wheelchair.

但学会带着残障打轮椅网球又是另一回事。

It's another thing to learn how to play wheelchair tennis with a disability.

这个我不太了解。

I don't know anything about that.

Rob也不懂这些。

Rob doesn't know anything about that.

我们都不懂。

None of us do.

只有运动员真正明白这一点。

Only the athletes really understand that.

所以说实话，运动员可能是你最先学习的对象。

So the athletes might be your first source of education to be honest.

他们真正懂得坐在轮椅上打网球、带着残障生活是怎样的体验。

They really understand the life and and what it is to be in a chair playing tennis with a disability.

不过现在线上，像你说的，USTA教练培训已经全面接纳我们了，以至于我们过去十年在美国制作的这些资源，都已经收录在他们附录里，你可以找到各种教练资源。

But online now, like you said, USTA coaching has engaged us completely to where all of our resources that we've produced over, say, the last decade here in The US is available in their appendixes, you know, where you can find coaching resources.

所以大家…

So all...

每个网络研讨会、以前拍的那些短片，USPTA，也就是现在的RSPA，曾经有一个…

Every webinar, every short video we did back in the day, a USPTA, which is now RSPA, had a had a very...

我觉得非常好的五十分钟入门视频，涵盖了我们今天聊的所有内容，甚至更多。

I thought a very good fifty minute entry level video that went over everything we talked about here today and and then some.

但我相信罗伯，LTA和ITF在教练培训方面也做过一些东西，你可能有所了解。

But I'm sure Rob, you know, there's stuff the LTA has done, the ITF has done, in some of their coaching ed that maybe you know about.

大多数国家，真的很有趣，现在很多国家都在这样做。

Most countries, which is really fun, is a lot of countries now are doing this.

他们正在把教练教育加入他们国家体育协会的教练资源或资料库中。

They're adding coaching education to their their NGB, you know, coaching resources or library.

你可以找到很多轮椅网球的内容。

You can find a lot of wheelchair tennis stuff.

而且YouTube上，虽然我们有时候会笑话它，上面确实有很多我们不认同的内容，但只要你搜一下Hub Drill轮椅网球，你可能会看到大概40个视频，都是世界各地的人在演示这个训练，而且内容都差不多。

And YouTube, as much as we sometimes laugh at it and you see there's a lot of stuff out there we may not agree with, But if you just if you just look up the Hub Drill wheelchair tennis, you're probably gonna see about 40 videos of someone somewhere in the world running it and they're all similar.

所以在轮椅网球这个领域，你真的不会出错。

So you really can't go wrong in wheelchair tennis.

我觉得这个领域还没有像常规网球那样被过度开发或者搞乱。

It hasn't been, I think, polluted, the same way as maybe the able-bodied side.

所以还是比较规范的。

So it's pretty clean.

你几乎可以随便搜到任何你想找的东西，比如……

You could just look up almost anything you...

比如说，在YouTube上搜轮椅网球怎么打反手，就能找到有人一步步教你。

How do I hit an inverted backhand on YouTube in wheelchair tennis and have someone walking you through it?

所以现在获取信息比以往任何时候都容易。

So it's it's easier to get information now than ever before.

Rob，我还是不知道LTA或者ITF他们具体做了什么，可能他们理解得更透彻。

Rob, I don't know, you know, again what the LTA did or the ITF maybe have a better understanding.