阿富汗中情局战士在美国面临严峻现实

要理解这名被指控枪杀两名国民警卫队士兵的阿富汗男子为何最终在美国生活并艰难开启新人生，我们需回溯近二十五年前的历史。

To understand how the Afghan man accused of shooting two National Guard soldiers wound up living in The US and struggling to start a new life, you need to go back almost a quarter of a century.

根据我的命令，美军已开始对阿富汗境内的基地组织恐怖训练营和塔利班政权军事设施实施打击。

On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against Al Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.

这是乔治·W·布什总统在2001年10月7日对全国发表的讲话。

That's president George w Bush speaking to the country on 10/07/2001.

美国开始对阿富汗塔利班实施轰炸行动。

The United States began a bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan.

这是对9月事件的回应。

It was in response to the September.

鉴于敌人的本质和活动范围，我们将通过耐心积累胜利、以决心意志和明确目标应对一系列挑战来赢得这场冲突。

Given the nature and reach of our enemies, we will win this conflict by the patient accumulation of successes, by meeting a series of challenges with determination and will and purpose.

在接下来的二十年里，美国将继续在阿富汗作战。

Over the next two decades, The US would continue to fight in Afghanistan.

在共和党与民主党总统任期内，美国军队及其外交使团始终致力于帮助阿富汗建立民主政府。

Under both Republican and Democratic presidents, The US Military, along with its diplomatic corps, would try to help Afghanistan build a democratic government.

喀布尔于周六庆祝了阿富汗首次全国选举。

Kabul celebrated Afghanistan's first national elections on Saturday.

一个男女平等的自由社会和一支强大的军队。

A free society for men and women and a strong military.

这是时任美军训练官凯文·麦考密克少校2016年在坎大哈接受NPR采访时所说。

Here's then US army trainer major Kevin McCormick speaking with NPR in Kandahar in 2016.

这需要很长时间。

It takes a long time.

这不是个短暂的过程。

It's not a short process.

这些技能会生疏。

These skills are perishable.

因此需要持续训练、不断精进才能保持熟练。

So they require continuous training, continuous mastery to be proficient.

美国与阿富汗的合作努力一直持续到2021年8月。

The US effort alongside Afghans would go on until August 2021.

就在大约一周的时间内，阿富汗军队和政府便落入了塔利班之手。

That's when over the course of about a week, the Afghan military and government fell to the Taliban.

阿富汗政府已经垮台。

The government of Afghanistan has fallen.

塔利班现已掌控局势。

The Taliban are now in control.

喀布尔机场一片混乱。

The airport in Kabul is a mob scene.

成百上千甚至可能数千名阿富汗民众正试图从那里逃离。

Hundreds, maybe even thousands of Afghans are trying to get out from there.

美军原计划次月撤离阿富汗，但时间表被提前了。

US forces were supposed to leave Afghanistan the following month, but the timeline was accelerated.

他们的撤离过程混乱且伤亡惨重。

Their exit was chaotic and deadly.

14名服役人员及超过10万阿富汗平民在喀布尔机场外检查站的一次袭击中丧生。

14 service members, more than a 100,000 Afghan civilians died in an attack at a checkpoint outside the Kabul airport.

下午好。

Good afternoon.

我今天想谈谈阿富汗正在演变的情况。

I wanna speak today to the unfolding situation in Afghanistan.

这是时任总统乔·拜登于2021年8月16日在白宫东厅发表的讲话，当时美军正试图撤离。

That's then president Joe Biden speaking from the East Room of the White House on 08/16/2021 as US forces were trying to leave.

拜登承诺帮助曾与美军合作的阿富汗人。

Biden promised to help Afghans who had worked with US forces.

未来几天，美军将协助更多符合条件的阿富汗人及其家属撤离阿富汗。

In the coming days, US military will provide assistance to move to move more SIV eligible Afghans and their families out of Afghanistan.

拉赫曼努拉·拉钦瓦尔就是其中一名阿富汗人。

Rahmanullah Lachinwal was one of the Afghans.

他曾为中情局下属的精英零号部队工作，并于2021年被撤离至美国。

He'd worked with an elite group operated by the CIA known as a zero unit, and he was evacuated to The US in 2021.

两个家庭因一个人的行为而支离破碎、分崩离析。

Two families are shattered and destroyed and torn apart as a result of the actions of one man.

这是美国检察官珍妮·皮耶罗。

That's US attorney Janine Piero.

洛肯瓦尔也是被指控在今年感恩节前夕枪杀两名国民警卫队成员的人。

Lockheinwall is also the man accused of gunning down two National Guard members this Thanksgiving eve.

请思考这一点：自国民警卫队枪击事件发生一周以来，NPR的布莱恩·曼恩报道称，洛肯瓦尔在零号部队的经历以及在美国寻求庇护后产生的被遗弃感，使他深陷创伤困扰。

Consider this, in the week since the National Guard shooting, NPR's Brian Mann has reported that Lockheinwald's time with the Zero unit and his feelings of abandonment after seeking asylum in The United States left him struggling with trauma.

接下来，我们将听到其中一名战士的讲述。

Coming up, we hear from one of those fighters.

这里是NPR，我是玛丽·路易斯·凯莉。

From NPR, I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

NPR作为美国传统已延续五十余载。

NPR has been an American tradition for more than fifty years.

现在轮到您来助力传承。

Now it's up to you to help pass it on.

请立即捐款，共筑其未来。

Ensure its future with a donation today.

访问 donate.npr.org。

Visit donate.npr.org.

节日期间，人们常被追求完美的压力所困扰，但这反而会让节日失去欢乐与光彩。

During the holidays, there's a lot of pressure to make things perfect, but that can actually make the season less merry and bright.

我记得当时在想，天哪。

And I remember thinking, oh my gosh.

在所有的忙碌中，我其实并不在场。

In all the doing, I am not here.

我没有真正活在当下。

I'm not present.

我错过了存在的意义。

I am missing being.

本周NPR网络《生活锦囊》播客为您带来让节日真正愉悦的小贴士。

This week on the Life Kit podcast from the NPR network, tips to make your holiday season actually enjoyable.

请在NPR应用或您常用的播客平台收听。

Listen in the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

每周五在《All Songs Considered》节目中邂逅新音乐，重拾心动感觉。

Fall in love with new music every Friday at All Songs Considered.

这是NPR旗下的音乐推荐播客节目。

That's NPR's music recommendation podcast.

每逢周五，我们会用整期节目分享本周最精彩的新歌发布。

Fridays are where we spend our whole show sharing all the greatest new releases of the week.

让寻找新音乐重新成为你生活的一部分。

Make the hunt for new music a part of your life again.

锁定《All Songs Considered》的'新音乐星期五'，各大播客平台均可收听。

Tap into new music Friday from All Songs Considered, available wherever you get your podcasts.

这里是NPR的《Consider This》节目。

It's consider this from NPR.

他们曾从阿富汗战争中最残酷凶险的任务中幸存。

They survived some of the Afghanistan war's most grueling and treacherous missions.

他们经常在夜间突袭和城市枪战中与塔利班交火。

They regularly battled the Taliban in nighttime raids, in urban gun battles.

但当他们撤离到美国后，许多曾在零号部队服役的阿富汗战士发现自己陷入崩溃，因为他们目睹了美国政府的官僚式忽视与抛弃，而这些正是他们曾协助过的人。

But once they evacuated to The US, many Afghan fighters who served in zero units found themselves spiraling because for them, they saw bureaucratic neglect and abandonment by the US government, the very people they've been helping.

NPR的布莱恩·曼采访了零号部队相关人员，了解到有些人来美后一直与心理健康问题抗争。

NPR's Brian Mann spoke to people involved in zero units and learned some have struggled with mental health since coming to The US.

至少有四人死于自杀。

At least four have died by suicide.

以下是布莱恩的报道。

Here's Brian's reporting.

一位名叫达乌德的前阿富汗士兵（原居喀布尔）首次加入中情局领导的零号部队时，他表示自己经过了严格的背景调查。。

When a former Afghan soldier named Dawud who lived in Kabul first signed up for a CIA led zero unit, he says he was carefully vetted.

需要有人推荐你进入部队，并且经过了两三个月的背景调查后，你才会接到通知。

You needed somebody to recommend you in the unit, and after two, three months, you know, background check and vetting process, you would get a call.

达乌德同意接受NPR采访，但要求我们仅使用他的名字。

Dawoud agreed to talk to NPR only if we identified him by his first name.

他仍生活在塔利班统治下的阿富汗家人安全问题的担忧。

He fears for the safety of his family still living under Taliban rule in Afghanistan.

他表示自己为中情局服役多年，期间一直在与塔利班最精锐的部队作战。

He says his service with the CIA led to years of fighting against some of the Taliban's toughest units.

人权观察等组织曾指控零号部队士兵使用酷刑和非法处决等残忍手段。

Groups like Human Rights Watch have accused zero unit soldiers of brutal tactics, including torture and illegal killings.

人们以为我们是行刑队。

People think we were a death squad.

我们是处决小队。

We were execution squad.

不是的。

No.

我们外出执行任务是为了活捉这些人。

We we were out there going out there because we needed to bring these folks alive.

如果能活捉目标，就能从他身上获取更多情报。

If you bring a target alive, you get more information from him.

达乌德表示，这些任务让他坚信自己与美国军方是并肩作战的兄弟。

According to Dawud, those missions led him to believe he was part of a brotherhood with the US military.

他描述了一场交火中，一名美国中情局特工救了他的命。

He describes one firefight where an American CIA agent saved his life.

他说有手榴弹，然后抓住我的防弹衣把我拽了回来。

He said grenade, and he grabbed me from my, you know, body armor, pulled me back.

那是一场疯狂的战斗。

It was a crazy fight.

子弹穿过了我的防弹衣，但你知道，我没事。

Bullet went through my body armor, but, you know, I was fine.

这正是那种由美国领导的阿富汗部队，他们也雇佣了拉坎瓦尔，后者上周对国民警卫队枪击案中的谋杀和其他指控表示不认罪。

This was the kind of American led Afghan unit that also employed Lacanwal, who pleaded not guilty last week to murder and other charges in the national guard shooting.

曾在阿富汗服役的前中情局特工吉塔·巴克什表示，像达乌德和拉肯瓦尔这样的零部队战士对美国的战争努力至关重要。

Gita Bakshi, a former CIA agent who served in Afghanistan, says zero unit fighters like Dawud and Lackenwal were essential to America's war effort.

这些人是先锋部队。

These guys were the tip of the spear.

他们冲锋在前，这样美国人员就不必身处险境。

They were out on the front so that American personnel didn't have to be.

他们是在战场上面对最大危险、因与美国情报机构的关系而承担最大风险的人。

They were the ones that were facing the maximum danger on the battlefield and taking the maximum risk due to their affiliation with US intelligence.

2021年塔利班掌权后，拜登政府疏散了数千名零部队战士，给予他们在美国开始新生活的机会。

After the Taliban swept to power in 2021, the Biden administration evacuated thousands of zero unit fighters, offering them a chance to start new lives in The US.

但NPR了解到，许多这些士兵发现自己陷入了美国复杂的移民系统中。

But NPR has learned that many of these soldiers found themselves mired in America's complex immigration system.

尽管经过中情局的审查和背景调查，达乌德表示他和许多其他士兵为获得永久庇护和必要的工作签证奋斗了多年。

Despite vetting and background checks by the CIA, Daoud says he and many other soldiers struggled for years to gain permanent asylum and necessary work visas.

我们请求中情局，能否分享我们的信息，这样当我们提交绿卡申请表时，他们知道我们是谁。

We asked the agency, could you please share our information so that when we submit our forms for our green cards, they know who we are.

我们是通过审查的。

We are vetted.

我们曾与你们共事过。

We have worked with you guys.

他们说，哦，不行。

They said, oh, no.

我们不能分享这些信息。

We can't share this.

这是机密。

It's classified.

我当时就想，那他们怎么知道我们是谁呢？

And I was like, then how would they know, like, who we are?

NPR上周报道称，拉坎瓦尔也在移民身份问题上遇到困难。

NPR reported last week that Lacanwal too struggled with his immigration status.

他直到来美近四年后，才在四月获得了特朗普政府批准的庇护保护。

He only received asylum protection from the Trump administration in April, nearly four years after coming to The US.

一位曾与拉坎瓦尔合作的难民安置志愿者向NPR提供了2024年的邮件往来记录，显示拉坎瓦尔在未能找到稳定工作后似乎陷入了个人危机。

A refugee resettlement volunteer who worked with Lacanwal shared emails with NPR written in 2024 indicating that Lacanwal appeared to suffer a personal crisis after failing to find stable employment.

该志愿者以匿名方式接受NPR采访，因担心在支持拉坎瓦尔和其他阿富汗难民后自身安全受到威胁。

The volunteer spoke to NPR on condition of anonymity because they feared for their safety after working to support Lacanwal and other Afghan refugees.

达乌德表示，这种情绪困扰在前士兵中普遍存在。

Dawud says this kind of emotional distress became widespread among former soldiers.

我们遇到过比锁和墙更糟的情况。

We had worse cases than lock and wall.

道得表示，他至少知道四名前零部队战士因绝望至极而结束了自己的生命。

Dowd says he knows of at least four former zero unit fighters who became so desperate and hopeless they took their own lives.

他描述了一位最终幸存的朋友所经历的危机。

He described one crisis involving a friend who ultimately survived.

他当时处于极度紧张的状态。

He was in a very stressful situation.

他当时说，我要去自杀。

He was like, I'm gonna go kill myself.

情况就是那么糟糕。

That's how bad it was.

我非常为他担心。

And I was very worried for him.

前中情局特工巴克希现在运营着一个名为'FAMIL美国'的组织，致力于为零部队士兵争取权益。

Bakshi, the former CIA agent, now runs an organization called FAMIL USA that advocates for zero unit soldiers.

她表示，其团队早在2023年就试图向拜登政府警告这一日益严重的问题。

She says her group tried to warn the Biden administration as early as 2023 of this growing problem.

不幸的是，零号部队的成员中有多人死于自残。

Individuals from the zero units, unfortunately, suffer death by self harm.

我们曾向拜登政府提出过这个问题，这是我们非常担忧的情况。

We raised this issue to the Biden administration, and it was one that we were very concerned about.

我们再次发现这与长期移民延误存在直接关联。

Again, we saw a direct connection to prolonged immigration delays.

美国国家公共电台向中央情报局及美国公民与移民服务局发送了详细问询，但对方拒绝置评。

NPR sent detailed questions to the CIA and to US citizenship and immigration services, but they declined to comment on the record.

但巴基和达乌德并非唯二对现居美国的阿富汗特种部队士兵福祉表示担忧的人。

But Baqshi and Dawud aren't alone in raising concerns about the welfare of former Afghan special forces soldiers now living in The US.

托马斯·卡扎曾与绿色贝雷帽部队在喀布尔共事，与专长于排除地雷和简易爆炸装置的阿富汗士兵并肩作战。

Thomas Kaza served with the Green Berets in Kabul alongside Afghan soldiers who specialized in clearing land mines and IEDs.

在美国人完成一次部署的周期内，这些家伙要执行三到五次任务。

In the span that Americans would do one deployment, these guys are doing three, four, five.

对吧？

Right?

所以你必须意识到这将会带来的影响。

So you have to kind of be cognizant of that the impact that's gonna take.

卡齐表示，尽管有拉坎瓦尔案件，他认为前阿富汗士兵在美国并不构成安全威胁，但他认为许多阿富汗士兵正因不确定的庇护身份而加剧的创伤所困扰。

Qazi says despite the Lacanwal case, he doesn't think former Afghan soldiers pose a security risk in The US, but he thinks many Afghan soldiers are struggling with trauma compounded by their uncertain asylum status.

阿富汗人提供的服务完全相同，甚至更多。

The Afghans were providing the exact same services even more.

对吧？

Right?

但几乎没人真正为他们的服务考虑。

But no one's really thinking of them for the service.

而这种服务还伴随着这个职业固有的副作用，比如各种创伤后应激障碍，这些从未为阿富汗群体提供过任何支持。

And with that service also goes with kind of the side effects that are incumbent upon this profession, you know, all the PTSD, and that was that has never been something provided for the Afghan population.

自华盛顿袭击事件后，阿富汗士兵的不确定性只增不减。

Uncertainty for Afghan soldiers has only grown since the DC attack.

特朗普总统表示，拜登政府带到美国的阿富汗人可能很危险。

President Trump says Afghans brought to The US by the Biden administration may be dangerous.

他冻结了庇护申请，官员们正在重新评估阿富汗难民的法律身份。

He's frozen asylum claims, and officials are reevaluating the legal status of Afghan refugees.

这起骇人听闻的暴行提醒我们，确保国家安全的首要任务是对是对确保我们对 control the people entering and remaining in our country.

This heinous atrocity reminds us that we have no greater national security priority than ensuring that we have full control over the people that enter and remained in our country.

在很大程度上，我们并不想要他们。

For the most part, we don't want them.

在一份声明中，中央情报局局长约翰·拉特克利夫也暗示美国的零单位盟友现在可能不受欢迎。

In a statement, CIA director John Ratcliffe also suggested America's zero unit allies may now be unwelcome.

拉特克利夫说，这个人和许多其他人本不该被允许来到这里。

This individual and so many others should have never been allowed to come here, Ratcliffe said.

与中央情报局特工并肩作战的阿富汗人道达德说，这些言论在他的社区引发了恐惧的浪潮。

Dawud, the Afghan who fought alongside CIA agents, said those comments sent waves of fear through his community.

我对中央情报局局长的评论感到非常震惊。

I was very shocked with the head of the CIA's comment.

我感到被深深背叛了。

I felt so betrayed.

达乌德表示，尽管多年来充满挫折，但他和许多阿富汗战友如今将美国视为家园和唯一的避风港。

Dawud says despite years of frustration, he and many of his fellow Afghan fighters now view The US as their home and their only safe refuge.

此时此刻，你们是这个国家的一部分。

You're part of this nation at at this time.

你们不该把这些人送回阿富汗。

You don't wanna send these folks back to Afghanistan.

有时候这等于把他们送上死路。

You're sometimes send them to death.

一些曾与阿富汗盟友并肩作战的美国退伍军人团体，正竭力劝说特朗普政府放宽对曾为美军及情报机构服务的难民政策。

Some US veteran groups that fought with Afghan allies are now scrambling to convince the Trump administration to soften its stance on refugees who served with American military and intelligence services.

但迄今为止，特朗普仍保持其强硬立场。

But so far, Trump has maintained his fierce rhetoric.

在费城的一次演讲中，他再次反对接收来自他所谓'地狱般国家'（如阿富汗）的寻求庇护者。

In a speech in Philadelphia, he objected again to taking in asylum seekers from what he described as hell holes like Afghanistan.

布莱恩·曼恩，NPR新闻。

Brian Mann, NPR News.

如果您或您认识的人可能有自杀倾向或处于危机中，请拨打或发送短信至988联系自杀与危机生命热线。

If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or in crisis, call or text 988 to reach the suicide and crisis lifeline.

号码是988。

That's 988.

本期节目由埃里卡·瑞安和卡伦·萨莫拉制作。

This episode was produced by Erica Ryan and Karen Zamora.

由阿丽娜·哈图尼安和考特尼·多南编辑。

It was edited by Alina Hartunian and Courtney Dornan.

我们的执行制作人是萨米·耶尼根。

Our executive producer is Sammy Yenigan.

感谢我们的《考虑这个+》听众，他们支持NPR记者的工作，并帮助保持公共广播的强大。

Thank you to our Consider This Plus listeners who support the work of NPR journalists and who help keep public radio strong.

支持者还可以收听无赞助商信息的每一期节目，并解锁《考虑这个》的额外内容。

Supporters also hear every episode without messages from sponsors and unlock bonus episodes of Consider This.

您可以在plus.NPR.org了解更多信息。

You can learn more @plus.NPR.org.

这里是NPR的《Consider This》节目。

It's consider this from NPR.

我是玛丽·路易斯·凯莉。

I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

紧跟新闻动态感觉像一份24小时不停歇的工作。

Keeping up with the news can feel like a twenty four hour job.

幸运的是，这正是我们的本职工作。

Luckily, it is our job.

在每小时更新的NPR News Now播客中，我们会精选最新最重要的新闻事件，并将其浓缩为五分钟的节目，方便您在会议间隙或通勤路上收听。

Every hour on the NPR News Now podcast, we take the latest, most important stories happening, and we package them into five minute episodes so you can easily squeeze them in between meetings and on your way to that thing.

欢迎收听NPR News Now播客

Listen to the NPR News Now podcast

这里是NPR播客《Trump's Now》。

NPR's podcast Trump's now.

《特朗普任期》为您提供关于特朗普政府重大新闻的当日最新动态。

Terms is your source for same day updates on big news about the Trump administration.

简短而聚焦的每期节目，一次一个主题，时长约五分钟。

Short, focused episodes, one topic at a time, about five minutes or so.

我们汇集了NPR所有报道领域的资讯，确保您始终获取最重要、最紧迫的新闻故事。

We carry out reporting from across all of NPR's coverage so you are always getting the biggest, most urgent stories.

请在NPR应用程序或您常用的播客平台收听《特朗普任期》。

Listen to Trump's terms on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

想听无广告插播的播客节目吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可通过Amazon Music收听无广告版的《考虑一下》，您也可以通过支持NPR的重要新闻报道，在plus.NPR.org获取《考虑一下+》会员内容。

Amazon Prime members can listen to consider this sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's vital journalism and get consider this plus at +.npr.org.

网址是plus.NPR.org。

That's +.npr.org.