特朗普政府如何剥夺160万移民的合法身份

嘿。

Hey.

我是胡安娜·萨默斯。

It's Juana Summers.

在今天节目开始之前，简单说一下公共媒体。

Before we start the show today, a quick word about public media.

这是一个定义了我们在NPR所做工作的短语，今年它在新闻中频繁出现。

It's a phrase that defines what we do at NPR and one that's been in the news a lot this year.

它也是让《Consider This》以及你喜爱的所有NPR播客独具特色的原因。

It's also what makes Consider This and all the podcasts you love from NPR unique.

公共媒体是为你而制作的。

Public media is made for you.

我们不考虑股东或广告商。

We're not thinking about shareholders or advertisers.

我们关注的是你的好奇心，以及你需要了解什么，以便更好地理解如何应对这个世界。

We're thinking about what you're curious about and what you need to better understand how to navigate the world.

NPR致力于践行公共媒体的承诺，但如今我们首次在没有联邦资金支持的情况下运营。

NPR is committed to the promises of public media, but we're now operating without federal funding for the first time in our history.

幸运的是，许多听众正在积极支持我们，帮助我们适应这一新环境，比如佛罗里达的雷妮说：‘这很好，但需要花钱。’

Thankfully, so many listeners are stepping up to help support us as we navigate this new landscape, like Renee in Florida who says it's good and it costs money.

雷妮，你该去写广播节目了。

Renee, you should probably write for radio.

简短、直接、切中要点。

Short, simple, and to the point.

这项免费的公共服务确实需要成本，我们非常感谢您的支持。

This free public service does cost money to provide, and we're so grateful for your support.

如果您已经是NPR Plus的支持者，也谢谢您额外的付出。

Thanks to you too if you already go the extra mile as an NPR Plus supporter.

如果不是，您可以注册NPR Plus，享受众多NPR播客的额外剧集，包括《Consider This》，并通过支持公共媒体来获得诸多福利，立即前往 +.npr.org 注册。

If not, you can get a bunch of perks like bonus episodes from many NPR podcasts, including consider this and support public media by signing up for NPR Plus today at +.npr.org.

好了。

Alright.

接下来进入今天的节目。

On to today's show.

特朗普政府正在全方位开展其反移民运动。

The Trump administration is waging its anti immigration campaign on all fronts.

根据国土安全部的数据，该政府正在积极驱逐没有合法身份的人，已进行超过60万次驱逐。

It's aggressively removing people without legal status from The US, more than 600,000 deportations according to the Department of Homeland Security.

这一运动已影响到全国各地的社区。

That campaign has affected communities across the country.

周日，NPR的阿耶莎·罗斯科采访了芝加哥的一名学校校长塞思·拉文。

On Sunday, NPR's Ayesha Roscoe spoke with Seth Lavin, a Chicago school principal.

是的。

Yes.

我的学校已经受到了影响。

There have been impacts at my school.

据我所知，每所学校都有孩子生活在这样的恐惧中。

And at every school that I know, there are kids who are living in this fear.

还有很多很多学校，这都是现实。

And many, many, many schools, this is a reality.

孩子们在教室里哭泣，在食堂里哭泣，问：怎么了？

Kids crying in a classroom, kids crying in a cafeteria and saying, what's wrong?

出问题是因为他们带走了我爸爸。

What's wrong is that they took my dad.

出问题是因为他们带走了我妈妈。

What's wrong is that they took my mom.

该政府还通过大幅限制难民入境、禁止某些国家人员入境、对特殊职业工人新签证收取10万美元费用，以及上周暂停绿卡抽签计划（又称多样性签证），来限制人们合法进入美国。

The administration is also limiting people from legally entering the country by severely capping refugee admissions, banning travel for people from certain countries, imposing a $100,000 fee for new visas for workers in specialty occupations, or just last week, pausing the green card lottery program, also known as the diversity visa.

特朗普政府还在努力取消多项针对此前合法入境美国人士的项目或保护措施。

And the Trump administration is working to scrap multiple programs or protections from many people who previously entered the country legally.

上届政府让来自世界各地、未经审查的两千万外国人进入美国，这些人来自你根本不想知道的地方。

The last administration let in 20,000,000 unknown and unvetted foreigners from all over the world, from places that you don't wanna even know about.

没有任何国家能容忍这种对国家生存的威胁。

No country can tolerate such a risk to our very survival.

这些举措使移民的生活陷入不确定性，并可能使他们面临驱逐。

These moves throw the lives of immigrants into uncertainty and potentially subject them to deportation.

请考虑一下。

Consider this.

在不到一年的时间里，特朗普政府剥夺了160万移民的合法身份保护。

In under a year, the Trump administration has stripped 1,600,000 immigrants of their legal status protections.

这是美国历史上规模最大的同类行动。

It's the biggest effort of its kind in US history.

来自NPR，我是胡安娜·萨默斯。

From NPR, I'm Juana Summers.

这是来自NPR的报道。

It's considered this from NPR.

特朗普总统对无证移民的前所未有的打击，与其政府通过多种方式撤销有证移民合法身份的做法密切相关。

President Trump's unprecedented crackdown on undocumented migrants is very much tied to the multiple ways his administration has revoked the legal status of documented migrants.

我的联合主持人斯科特·达特罗最近采访了NPR的移民记者希梅娜·布斯蒂略和塞尔吉奥·马丁内斯·贝特兰，以了解这一情况是如何发生的。

My cohost Scott Dattro recently spoke with NPR's immigration correspondents, Jimena Bustillo and Sergio Martinez Beltran to understand how this is happening.

吉梅娜，你先来吧。

Jimena, wanna start with you.

给我们详细说说这个数字。

Tell us more about this number.

这是一个很大的数字。

It's it's a it's a big number.

160万移民。

1,600,000 immigrants.

这个数字都包括了哪些人？

Who's all included in that?

嗯。

Mhmm.

这个数字包括那些通过各种移民项目申请并获准进入美国的人，特别是在拜登总统任期内的假释计划、签证、庇护和难民项目。

That number includes people who applied for and were allowed to enter the country through various immigration programs, particularly under president Biden, parole programs, visas, asylum, refugees.

重要的是要注意，这个数字是一个估算值。

And it's important to note that this figure is an estimate.

事实上，移民倡导者表示，这个数字很可能被低估了。

In fact, immigration advocates say it's likely an undercount.

无论如何，这是迄今为止最大规模的针对那些通过合法途径和程序进入该国的移民的非法化行动。

Regardless, it is the largest effort to delegalize immigrants who have used legal means and steps to be in this country.

移民倡导组织‘for dot us’的主席托德·舒尔特表示了这一点。

That's what Todd Schulte, the president of the immigration advocacy organization for dot us says.

这些原本都是合法的途径。

These were, like, legal pathways.

人们按照政府的要求做了该做的事，而这个政府却在预先试图撤销这些资格。

People, like, did the thing the government asked them to do, and this government went and is kind of preemptively trying to revoke that.

舒尔特表示，特朗普政府正在尽可能多地取消人们的身份和工作授权，以使他们的生活更加艰难。

Schulte says the Trump administration is taking away status and work authorization from as many people as possible to make their lives harder.

当被问及这些担忧时，国土安全部告诉NPR：‘美国纳税人将不再承担非法居留者的财政负担。’

When asked about these concerns, DHS told NPR that, quote, the American taxpayer will no longer bear the financial burden of unlawfully present aliens, end quote.

而且，其中一些人可能已经离开了。

And some of these people may have already left.

其他人正在寻求其他形式的合法身份。

Others are pursuing other forms of legal status.

有些人已被拘留并驱逐出境。

Some have been detained and deported.

Stereo，你能详细说说今年被取消的这些项目吗？

Stereo, can you tell me more about what these programs are that were canceled this year?

嗯。

Yeah.

我认为有必要强调吉梅娜提到、你也对斯科特提到的一点，那就是这些一直是合法居留的途径。

I think it's important to emphasize something that Jimena said and and you mentioned to Scott, which is that these have been legal pathways to be in the country.

谈到这个问题时，我常想到三个项目。

There's three programs that I think of often when talking about this issue.

其中一个叫做CBP One。

There's one called CBP one.

这是一个拜登时代的假释项目，允许移民在墨西哥等待期间申请口岸预约。

This was a Biden era parole program that allowed migrants to apply for appointments at a port of entry while waiting in Mexico.

最终，他们将被允许进入美国寻求庇护。

Eventually, they'd be allowed into the country to pursue asylum.

根据政府数据，从2023年到2025年1月，超过93.6万人获准入境。

Now from 2023 to January 2025, more than 936,000 people were allowed in the country according to government figures.

其中一人是格雷维·苏亚雷斯。

One of them was Grevy Suarez.

他是一位委内瑞拉理发师，去年我在墨西哥华雷斯城等预约时见过他。

He is a Venezuelan barber I met last year in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico while he was waiting for his appointment.

他在特朗普上任前的一个月顺利入境，现在住在加利福尼亚。

He got in in January right before Trump took office and is now living in California.

上周对苏亚雷斯来说是个重要时刻，因为他终于拿到了社会安全号码和工作许可。

And last week was a big one for Suarez because he finally got his social security number and work permit.

他说，尽管他有工作许可，但仍感到焦虑，因为像他一样通过CBP一计划入境的朋友收到了政府邮件，要求他们离境，否则可能被驱逐。

He says even though he has a work permit, he's anxious because his friends who came through CBP one like him have gotten emails from the government telling them to leave the country or they could face deportation.

好的。

Okay.

所以这是CBP-1，但还有其他受到影响的人道主义假释计划。

So that's CBP one, but there are also humanitarian parole programs that have been affected.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Right.

还有针对来自古巴、海地、尼加拉瓜和委内瑞拉的五十万人的人道主义假释计划。

There's also humanitarian parole for half a million people from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela.

要符合该计划的资格，移民需要有担保人，比如家人、朋友或亲人。

In order to qualify for that program, migrants needed a sponsor, a family member, a friend, or a loved one.

但这个计划也被取消了。

But that program was canceled too.

今年早些时候，我采访了安妮·瓦莱丽·拉维乌斯。

Earlier this year, I talked to Anne Valerie Lavius.

她是她哥哥雷金纳德和侄子特里斯坦的担保人。

She's the sponsor of her brother, Reginald, and her nephew, Tristan.

他们都来自海地，她告诉我这是一种错误的叙述。

They all come from Haiti, and she told me it's a false narrative.

获得人道主义假释的人在滥用这个系统。

People with humanitarian parole are abusing the system.

我正在资助他们，所以所有开销都由我承担。

I'm sponsoring them, so it it's out of my pocket.

我承诺要做的事，我都做到了。

Whatever I set up that I said I was gonna do is what I did.

他们住在我家。

They live under my roof.

他们在我的房子里拥有所有必需品。

They have everything with within my house.

没有政府援助。

There's no government aid.

没有任何东西是为我们、为我们家提供的。

There's nothing that comes for us, for my family.

另一个项目是临时保护身份，简称TPS。

Another program is temporary protected status or TPS.

这一身份历来授予因内战、自然灾害或政治不稳定而遭受重创的国家的国民。

This is a designation historically given to nationals of countries ravaged by civil wars, natural disasters, or political instability.

截至三月，近70万人的TPS身份已被取消。

As of March, nearly 700,000 people that had TPS no longer have it.

其中绝大多数是委内瑞拉人。

The vast majority of them are Venezuelans.

吉梅娜，特朗普总统今年多次表示反对所有形式的移民，无论是合法还是非法，但这些是合法途径。

Jimena, president Trump has spoken so much this year about his opposition to all forms of of immigration, legal and illegal, but these are legal pathways.

它们早已存在。

They've long existed.

为什么要针对这些呢？

Why target those?

他们说这是以国家安全的名义进行的。

They say they're doing it in the name of national security.

例如，国务院已撤销了85,000份各类签证，其中包括超过8,000份学生签证。

For instance, the state department has revoked 85,000 visas of all categories, including more than 8,000 student visas.

这一数字是前一年的两倍多。

That's more than double the numbers of the year prior.

而该机构为部分撤销签证所给出的理由包括酒后驾驶、袭击和盗窃等行为。

And the reasons the agency is giving for some of these revocations range from DUIs to assaults and thefts.

国务院一位官员在声明中表示：'对国家构成直接威胁的人不被允许入境。'

A state department official in a statement said, quote, people who pose a direct threat are not wanted in the country.

正如NPR今年所报道的，国务院还推进了撤销那些言论被认为与美国价值观不符的学生及其他人士的签证。

And, you know, as NPR has been covering this year, the state department has also moved forward with revoking the visas of students and others whose speech they say does not align with American values.

而政府整体上对这些举措表示赞赏。

And the administration is applauding these efforts across the board.

以下是白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·利维特的话。

Here is White House press secretary Caroline Leavitt.

在美国拥有签证并不是一种权利。

Having a visa in The United States is not a right.

这是一种特权。

It is a privilege.

如果某人被认为违背了我国的外交或国家利益，国务卿有权撤销这一特权。

And the secretary of state, if you are deemed contrary to our country's foreign, national interest, has the right to revoke that privilege.

与此同时，

Meanwhile,

国会并没有任何改革任何法律途径的意愿。

there has been no enthusiasm from congress to reform any legal pathways.

国会数十年的无所作为，使得政府可以随意取消它认为不符合国家利益的项目。

Decades of inaction in congress means that the administration has free rein to scrap programs it doesn't believe serve the country.

我只是想花点时间强调一下这一切。

I just wanna take a moment to underscore all of this.

这些都是现有的项目。

These are all existing programs.

你知道，以前发生过类似的事情吗？

You know, has anything like this happened before?

你知道吗，彻底取消所有这些项目是前所未有的，而且这似乎只是开始，斯科特。

You know, the complete cancellation of all these programs is unprecedented, and it seems like this might just be the beginning, Scott.

事实上，移民权利倡导者正在为2026年更多驱逐和身份取消做准备。

In fact, immigration rights advocates are bracing for more deportations and status cancellations in 2026.

还有成千上万的乌克兰人因逃离俄罗斯的入侵，通过‘团结乌克兰’项目来到美国，他们表达了担忧，尤其是因为特朗普政府今年暂停了该项目，几个月后又恢复了，这让他们非常恐慌。

There are also thousands of Ukrainians who fled Russia's invasion and came to The US under the Uniting for Ukraine program, and they have expressed concerns, especially because the Trump administration paused it this year and resumed it a few months later, but that scared them big time.

此外，针对半打国家的临时保护身份（TPS）将于明年到期。

Also, TPS, temporary protected status for half a dozen countries is expiring next year.

如果没有特朗普政府的重新指定，更多数千人将在2026年失去合法身份。

And without our redesignation from the Trump administration, thousands more will lose their legal status in 2026.

所有这些都叠加在因非法居留而被驱逐的数十万人之上。

And all of this is on top of hundreds of thousands of people deported for being in the country illegally.

这是塞尔吉奥·马丁内斯·贝特兰和希梅娜·布斯蒂略。

That is Sergio Martinez Beltran as well as Jimena Bustillo.

他们两人均为美国国家公共电台报道移民议题，而今年有大量内容需要覆盖。

Both of them cover immigration for NPR in a year where there is a lot to cover.

谢谢你们两位。

Thanks to both of you.

不客气。

You're welcome.

谢谢你，斯科特。

Thank you, Scott.

本集由文森特·阿科维诺制作，音频工程由泰德·米文负责。

This episode was produced by Vincent Acovino with audio engineering by Ted Meevane.

本集由帕特里克·贾隆·瓦塔纳南、埃里克·韦斯特维尔特和安娜·尤科纳诺夫编辑。

It was edited by Patrick Jaron Watananan, Eric Westervelt, and Anna Yukonanov.

我们的执行制片人是萨米·耶尼根。

Our executive producer is Sami Yenigan.

这是NPR的《就此而言》。

It's Consider This from NPR.

我是胡安娜·萨默斯。

I'm Juana Summers.