如何在明尼阿波利斯缓解紧张局势

数百万人观看了联邦移民官员在明尼阿波利斯周六开枪射杀抗议者亚历克斯·普雷蒂的令人震惊的视频。

Millions have watched the harrowing videos of federal immigration agents shooting and killing protester Alex Preti in Minneapolis on Saturday.

大多数视频，比如路透社获得的这段，都是这样开始的。

Most of the videos, like this one obtained by Reuters, begin like this.

官员们走向街上的一名男子和另一个人。

The agents approach Preti and another person on a street.

随着示威者大声呼喊，对峙迅速升级。

The confrontation quickly escalates as demonstrators yell.

官员们向普雷蒂和他旁边的人喷了胡椒喷雾。

The agents pepper spray Preti and the person next to him.

当他在挣扎时，他们将他扑倒在地。

They tackle him to the ground as he struggles.

然后，一名官员开了枪。

Then one agent shoots.

联邦官员称，普雷蒂身上携带着一把手枪。

Federal officials say Preti had a handgun on his person.

这里是周六新闻发布会上的海关和边境保护局局长格雷格·博维诺。

Here's Greg Bovino, head of customs and border patrol at a press conference on Saturday.

在这次行动中，一名男子手持一把九毫米半自动手枪接近美国边境巡逻人员。

During this operation, an individual approached US border patrol agents with a nine millimeter semiautomatic handgun.

执法人员试图解除该男子的武装，但他暴力反抗。

The agents attempted to disarm the individual, but he violently resisted.

但现场视频显示，普雷蒂并未展示武器，且在移民官员开枪时他已倒地。

But videos of the scene show no indication that Preti brandished the weapon, and he was on the ground when an immigration agent shot him.

我们所知的他与执法部门的唯一互动只是交通罚单，我们认为他是一名持有持枪许可证的合法枪支拥有者。

The only interaction that we are aware of with law enforcement has been for traffic tickets, and we believe he is a lawful gun owner with a permit to carry.

这是明尼阿波利斯警察局局长布莱恩·奥哈拉。

That's Minneapolis chief of police Brian O'Hara.

周六标志着近几周内移民官员在双子城发生的第二起致命枪击事件。

Saturday marks the second fatal shooting carried out by immigration agents in the Twin Cities in recent weeks.

持续的联邦增援引发了大规模抗议活动。

The continued federal surge has sparked mass demonstrations.

这些抗议活动已使该市的当地警察和治安官办公室不堪重负。

Those protests have overwhelmed the city's local police and sheriff's offices.

明尼苏达州州长蒂姆·沃尔兹已调动该州国民警卫队协助执法工作。

Minnesota governor Tim Walls activated the state's national guard to assist with law enforcement efforts.

请想一想，明尼苏达州日益紧张的局势引发了人们对联邦移民官员培训以及他们为何如此暴力行为的质疑。

Consider this, the increasingly volatile situation in Minnesota has raised questions about the training of federal immigration agents and why they've acted so violently.

近几个月来，许多官员被大规模招聘，因为特朗普政府正在扩大遣返行动。

Many have been hired en masse in recent months as the Trump administration scales up deportation operations.

那么，执法部门和联邦移民官员应该如何行事呢？

So how should law enforcement and federal immigration agents conduct themselves?

来自NPR，我是莎拉·麦卡蒙德。

From NPR, I'm Sarah McCammond.

公共媒体依赖您的支持，以确保您所依赖的报道和节目持续繁荣。

Public media counts on your support to ensure that the reporting and programs you depend on thrive.

今天就做出定期捐赠，即可获得访问20多个NPR播客的专属权限。

Make a recurring donation today to get special access to more than 20 NPR podcasts.

专属福利包括无广告收听、额外剧集、提前访问等。

Perks like sponsor free listening, bonus episodes, early access, and more.

立即前往 +.npr.org 支持你喜爱的内容。

So start supporting what you love today at +.npr.org.

四十年前，挑战者号航天飞机在升空后不久爆炸。

Forty years ago, the space shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after liftoff.

全国为之震惊，但就在前一天，工程师们曾恳求推迟发射。

The nation was shocked, but the night before, engineers had pleaded for a launch delay.

他说挑战者号会爆炸。

He said the Challenger's gonna blow up.

所有人都会死。

Everyone's going to die.

NPR 对为何忽视发射前的紧急警告展开的调查。

An NPR investigation into why last minute warnings about the launch were dismissed.

现在通过 NPR 应用收听《Up First》播客的周日故事。

Listen now on the NPR app to the Sunday story from the Up First podcast.

这是来自NPR新闻的《就此而言》。

It's Consider This from NPR News.

查克·韦克勒是警察执行研究论坛的执行主任，也是警察改革专家。

Chuck Wexler is the executive director of the Police Executive Research Forum and a police reform expert.

他说，正在明尼阿波利斯活动的边境巡逻局和移民与海关执法局特工，并未采用当地警察过去至少十年一直在使用的缓和策略。

He says the border patrol and ICE agents operating in Minneapolis aren't using the kinds of deescalating tactics that local police have been using for at least a decade.

韦克勒观看了边境保护局特工射击亚历克斯·普雷蒂的视频。

Wexler watched the video of customs and border patrol agents shooting Alex Preti.

我问他，联邦特工应如何接受培训，以缓和可能升级为暴力的局势。

I asked him how federal agents should be trained to deescalate a potentially violent situation.

我的意思是，我认为这是一个非常重要的问题，因为在明尼阿波利斯，过去三周内已经发生了三起特工涉枪事件。

I mean, I think this this is a very important question because in Minneapolis, they've had three agent involved shootings in the last three weeks.

如果一位警长在三周内遇到三起警员涉枪事件，我可以告诉你，他一定会首先问：我们从这些事件中学到了什么？

If a police chief had three officer involved shootings in three weeks, I can tell you they would be number one, they'd say, what are we learning from these situations?

我们该如何以不同的方式处理这些情况？

How can we handle these differently?

例如，各部门拥有强有力的政策和战术非常重要。

It's very important, for example, that departments have strong policies and tactics.

在明尼阿波利斯的所有这些情况下，这一点都非常重要。

Very important in all of these, situations in Minneapolis.

战术已经发挥了作用。

Tactics have played a role.

您如何评估ICE在这些情况下的政策和战术？

How do you assess ICE's policies and tactics when it comes to these kinds of situations?

我的意思是，这是个非常好的问题，因为这是一个城市环境。

Well, I mean, this is this is a really good question because this is an urban environment.

这与ICE和边境巡逻队通常面对的大多数环境不同。

This is a a different than most of the environments that ICE and Border Patrol face.

在城市环境中，你必须了解社区。

And in an urban environment, you have, you know, you have to know the community.

你必须能够与社区合作。

You have to be able to work with the community.

你知道，过去十年里，美国警察一直面临着警察涉枪射击这一艰巨的挑战。

You know, American police have faced the the daunting challenge of officer involved shootings over the last ten years.

他们从中学会的一件事是，有时你需要放慢节奏，利用时间和距离，并进行沟通。

And one of the things they've learned is sometimes you have to slow things down, use time and distance, and communicate.

你在那段视频里看到的沟通非常少。

There's very little communication in that video that you see.

有时你需要采取战术性暂停，退后一步。

And sometimes you have to take a tactical pause, step back.

如果我从移民与海关执法局的角度来看，我会说：看，我们过去三周已经有三名特工涉及枪击事件。

If I was looking at this from the ICE perspective, I'd say, look, we've had three agents involved shootings the last three weeks.

这些事件都涉及试图实施某种逮捕。

They all involve trying to make some kind of arrest.

我们能做些什么？

What can we do?

我们能从这些事件中学到什么？

What can we learn from these incidents?

这归根结底关乎生命的尊严。

This is ultimately about the sanctity of human life.

已经有两个人丧生了。

Two people have have died.

而且你知道，另一方面，你也正在危及移民与海关执法局的特工。

And, you know, what what could happen too, the other side of this, is you're endangering ICE agents too.

人们看到这一幕会说，我们需要想办法缓解紧张局势。

People will look at that and say, well, we need to figure out a way to ratchet down the tension.

双方都该做些什么？

What do both sides need to do?

我认为首先需要采取战术性暂停，后退一步，评估策略，进行降级处理。

And I think it starts with, you know, a tactical pause, stepping back and trying to assess tactics, de escalation.

我得问一下。

I have to ask.

你知道，这是几周内第三起涉及移民与海关执法局的枪击事件，也是第二起致命枪击。

I mean, as you know, this is the third ICE involved shooting in several weeks, the second fatal shooting.

这究竟是因为需要更好的培训，还是因为政府传达的语气问题？

Is this a matter of a need for better training, or is this about the tone that's coming from the administration?

听好了。

Look.

双方需要怎么做才能降低紧张局势？

What would it take for both sides to ratchet it down?

但说实话，我认为首先应该由移民与海关执法局说：听好了。

But I think that starts, honestly, with, with ICE sort of saying, look.

让我们退一步，审视一下我们处理这类案件的方式。

Let's step back, and let's look at how we're doing these kind of cases.

我们能否以不同的方式处理？

How can we do them differently?

如果这是地方警察局，他们会主动接触社区。

And if this was a local police department, they would be reaching out to the community.

他们会让社区参与进来。

They would get the community involved.

他们会说：我们需要你们。

They would say, we need you.

我们需要建立信任。

We need to build trust.

但当联邦机构的特工进入一个社区时，有时会让人感觉像占领军。

But when you have federal agency agents coming into a community, they can sometimes come off as an occupying army.

在美国的警务工作中，我们学到的不是这样。

And in American policing, that's not what we've learned.

我们知道，沟通、信任，所有这些都至关重要。

We know, you know, communication, trust, all of those things are are essential.

我想谈谈我们看到的视觉形象，一些来自明尼阿波利斯的画面，联邦移民与海关执法局特工的呈现方式。

I wanna talk about the optics we're seeing, some of these images coming from Minneapolis, the way that federal ICE agents are presenting themselves.

他们戴着面罩。

They're wearing masks.

他们穿着毫无特色的颜色，几乎像迷彩一样。

They're wearing these nondescript colors, almost a camouflage look.

而你看到的是明尼阿波利斯当地警察穿着制服，有时还穿着黄色安全背心。

Whereas you see images of local Minneapolis Police in their uniforms, sometimes wearing yellow safety vests.

执法人员穿着打扮的意义是什么？

What is the significance of the way that law enforcement officials dress?

这向公众传递了他们试图实现什么目标的信息？

And what kind of a message does it send to the public about what they're trying to to achieve?

我的意思是，这是个很好的观点。

I mean, that's a good point.

美国警察认识到，让他们姓名和工号清晰可见以进行沟通非常重要。

American police have recognized it's important for them to have their name, their ID, to be visible, to communicate.

美国警察佩戴随身摄像头。

American police wear body worn cameras.

所有这些努力都是为了重新赢得社区的信任与合法性。

All of these efforts have been to try to regain trust and legitimacy with the community.

我认为，当你在这种情况下戴上面具时，就会营造出这种形象。

I think when you go into these situations masked, it creates this image.

不管他们做什么，似乎都不合法，但话说回来，他们的工作确实很难。

Somehow, whatever they're doing is not legitimate and look, they have a difficult job.

我确实不羡慕移民和海关执法局的特工。

I I don't I don't envy ICE agents.

但当你把他们置于这样的境地，蒙上他们的脸，让他们无法沟通，与社区毫无联系时，这简直就像一场灾难的配方。

I think though when you put them in these positions and you put masks on their face and they're not communicating, they have no relationship with the community, it it really becomes almost, you know, a a recipe for disaster.

那是查克·韦克勒。

That was Chuck Wexler.

他是警察行政研究论坛的执行主任。

He's the executive director of the Police Executive Research Forum.

非常感谢。

Thanks so much.

谢谢。

Thank you.

本集由亨利·拉森制作。

This episode was produced by Henry Larson.

本集由艾哈迈德·达赫曼剪辑。

It was edited by Ahmad Dahman.

我们的执行制片人是萨米·叶尼根。

Our executive producer is Sammy Yenigan.

这是来自NPR的《就此而言》。

It's Consider This from NPR.

我是萨拉·麦卡蒙。

I'm Sarah McCammon.

四十七年来，伊朗人一直生活在他们中许多人早已不愿忍受的专制之下。

For forty seven years, Iranians have lived under a dictatorship many no longer want.

如今，这个国家可能已经到达了一个临界点。

Now the country may have reached a breaking point.

伊朗人意识到，他们必须自己采取行动，反抗权威。

Iranians have recognized that they need to take matters into their own hands, pushing back against authority.

我们提出了三个核心问题，探讨伊朗是如何走到今天的，以及接下来会发生什么。

We ask three central questions about how Iran got here and what comes next.

请在NPR应用或您收听播客的任何平台收听《Throughline》。

Listen to Throughline on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

如果清理有害废物或减缓气候变化的关键藏在我们的浴室里呢？

What if the secret to cleaning up hazardous waste or slowing down climate change lives in our bathroom?

淋浴喷头里的奇怪黏滑物质，洗碗机里生长的东西，热水加热器里的东西。

Weird, slimy things in showerheads, stuff growing in dishwashers, hot water heaters.

它们是非常奇特的环境。

They're really strange environments.

和我们一起开启一场微生物寻宝之旅，这些微生物可能蕴含着拯救世界的线索。

Join us on a treasure hunt for microbes, which may hold clues for saving the world.

请在NPR应用或您收听播客的任何平台收听《Shortwave》。

Listen to shortwave on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.