澳大利亚及全球范围内反犹太主义袭击事件增多的已知情况

在哈马斯袭击以色列数月后，2023年10月7日，澳大利亚最古老的犹太学校之一遭到破坏。

Months after the Hamas led assault on Israel, on 10/07/2023, one of Australia's oldest Jewish schools was vandalized.

墨尔本这所学校的外围围栏上被喷漆涂写了'犹太人去死'的字样。

The words Jew die were spray painted on an exterior fence of the Melbourne school.

五个月后的2024年10月，悉尼一家犹太人经营的面包店被涂上侮辱性涂鸦。

Five months later, October 2024, a Jewish owned bakery in Sydney was defaced with offensive graffiti.

一周后，一家犹太洁食熟食店被人纵火。

Then a week later, a kosher deli was set on fire.

又过了两个月，一座犹太教堂遭到燃烧弹袭击。

Two months after that, a synagogue was firebombed.

有一人受伤。

One person was injured.

这这这是一起令人震惊的事件。

This was a a a shocking incident.

应当受到明确谴责。

Should be unequivocally condemned.

澳大利亚绝不容忍此类暴行。

There's no place in Australia for an outrage such as this.

这是澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯在火灾发生次日对记者发表的讲话。

That is Australian prime minister Anthony Albanese speaking to reporters a day after the fire.

阿尔巴尼斯在周日再次重申这一立场，此前两名枪手在著名的邦迪海滩光明节庆祝活动上开火，造成数十人死伤。

Albanese echoed that message on Sunday after two gunmen opened fire during a Hanukkah celebration at the famous Bondi Beach, killing or wounding dozens of people.

我要对澳大利亚犹太社区说：今晚全体澳大利亚同胞都与你们站在一起，共同谴责这一恐怖行径和暴行。

My message to Jewish Australians is that your fellow Australians stand with you tonight in condemning this act of terror and commit condemning this outrage.

我们的国家绝不容忍这种仇恨、暴力和恐怖主义。

There is no place for this hate, violence, and terrorism in our nation.

自10月7日事件后的两年后，澳大利亚反犹事件激增至3700多起。

In the two years since October 7, Australia has seen a sharp rise in the anti Jewish incidents more than 3,700.

这一数据来自澳大利亚犹太人执行委员会这一倡导组织。

That's according to an advocacy group, the executive council of Australian Jewry.

而这段时期的反犹事件发生率是哈马斯袭击以色列前十年平均水平的五倍。

And the pace of incidents during that period was five times what it was in the decade before Hamas attacked Israel.

这是总理周一与澳大利亚广播公司Sarah Ferguson的对话内容。

Here's the prime minister speaking with Australian Broadcasting Corporation Sarah Ferguson on Monday.

您曾预想过这样的事件会在澳大利亚发生吗？

Had you imagined an event like this taking place in Australia?

我确实没有预料到。

I certainly had not.

说实话，虽然我想表示惊讶，但实际上我早有预感。

You know, I'd like to say I was surprised, but really, I wasn't.

Jamie Himes，澳大利亚、以色列及犹太事务委员会公共事务主任。

Jamie Himes, director of public affairs for the Australia, Israel, and Jewish Affairs Council.

与澳大利亚犹太社区的许多成员一样，Himes早就预见到此类事件可能发生。

Himes, like many other members of the Jewish community in Australia, knew an event like this could happen.

过去两年间，这里的犹太社区一直在警告政府和当局：由于自2023年10月7日袭击事件后反犹主义及暴力行为的激增，类似事件几乎注定会发生。

The Jewish community here has been warning our government and our authorities for two years now that something like this was almost likely to happen because of the this this upsurge in antisemitism and violent antisemitism that we've seen ever since the October seven attacks in in 2023.

值得注意的是，这次袭击发生在澳大利亚著名的邦迪海滩，正值该国及全球范围内反犹暴力事件激增之际。

Consider this, the attack at Australia's famous Bondi Beach comes amid a surge in antisemitic violence in the country and globally.

关于这一趋势，我们了解多少？它对全球犹太社区意味着什么？

What do we know about this trend, and what does it mean for the Jewish community around the world?

我是NPR的玛丽·路易斯·凯利。

From NPR, I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

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Science is a rigorous process that requires questions, testing, transparency, and results that can be proven.

这一理念贯穿于拜耳推出的每一项突破性成果中，这些创新拯救生命并滋养世界。

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本消息来自新播客《On Notice》。

This message comes from the new podcast On Notice.

聆听与国会议员的坦诚对话，获取塑造美国政策的内幕视角。

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Follow unnoticed, spelled n o t u s, available wherever you get podcasts.

这里是NPR的《Consider This》节目。

It's considered this from NPR.

黛博拉·利普斯塔特曾担任拜登政府近三年的反犹太主义问题特使，负责监督和打击反犹主义。

Deborah Lipstadt spent nearly three years as the Biden administration special envoy to monitor and combat antisemitism.

她与我讨论了上周末澳大利亚发生的事件以及全球反犹主义抬头的问题。

She joined me to talk about the events in Australia over the weekend and the rise of antisemitism globally.

这起发生在周日的可怕袭击，是自10月7日以色列与哈马斯战争爆发以来发生的多起事件之一。

This awful attack on Sunday, it it's one of several that have taken place since October 7 since the war since Israel's war with Hamas began.

能否请您详细说明澳大利亚犹太社区面临的威胁类型？

Can you just walk us through the types of threats the Jewish community faces in Australia?

这只是澳大利亚发生的多起事件之一，但这种现象在全球范围内都存在。

It's one of several in Australia, but it's a it's a phenomenon worldwide.

自10月7日以来，五大洲都发生了犹太教堂纵火事件，包括澳大利亚墨尔本。

Since October 7, there have been burnings of synagogues, arson of synagogues on five different continents, including in Australia and Melbourne.

嗯。

Mhmm.

持续发生针对在犹太洁食餐厅或犹太风格/以色列餐厅用餐的犹太人的袭击。

There have been persistent attacks on Jews eating in kosher or or Jewish style or Israeli restaurants.

还发生了针对街头行走的犹太人的袭击，包括曼哈顿和纽约市其他区域。

There have been attacks on Jews walking on the streets, including in Manhattan and in parts of of other parts of New York City.

这些事件绝非偶然，背后存在某种趋势。

There is something going on that's not happenstance.

我不想向您的听众暗示存在某种巨大的阴谋，但确实存在一种行动趋势，这可以通过澳大利亚和曼哈顿上东区发生的两起事件得到印证。

I don't wanna suggest to your listeners that there's some sort of giant conspiracy, but there is an effort which was exemplified by two events, one in Australia and one on the Upper East Side Of Manhattan.

嗯。

Mhmm.

澳大利亚的事件发生在2023年10月9日，即哈马斯袭击以色列两天后，抗议者在标志性的悉尼歌剧院前游行高呼，

The one in Australia was on 10/09/2023, two days after the Hamas attack on Israel, where in front of the iconic Sydney Opera House, protesters marched chanting,

你知道，'全球起义'——大多数犹太人将此解读为'从河流到海洋，伤害所有犹太人'。

you know, globalize the Intifada, which most Jews interpret as as harm Jews everywhere, from the river to the sea.

有人说他们喊的是'用毒气杀害犹太人'。

Some say they chanted gas the Jews.

这一点尚有争议。

That's up for debate.

但最让我震惊的是他们喊的'犹太人在哪里？'

But the thing that that struck me most is their chants, where are the Jews?

犹太人在哪里？

Where are the Jews?

这让我想起上个月在纽约帕克东犹太教堂外看到的视频片段，他们再次喊出了我们已经习以为常的口号，

And I was reminded of that last month when I watched the clips outside of Park East Synagogue in New York, where, again, they chanted the the chants that we've gotten used to, which

这些口号令人发指。

are horrific.

但他们还说，要让他们感到恐惧。

But then they also said, make them afraid.

要让他们感到恐惧。

Make them afraid.

有趣的是你谈到了在澳大利亚刚发生的事件、澳大利亚持续发生的情况与你眼中美国正在发生的事态之间的相似性。

It's interesting you're talking about parallels you see between what has just happened in Australia, what has been happening in Australia, and what you see happening in The US.

具体来说，反诽谤联盟(ADL)追踪数据显示自10月7日以来澳大利亚反犹袭击事件激增了五倍。

Just just to put a number on this, the ADL, the Anti Defamation League, has tracked what they say is a fivefold increase in antisemitic attacks since October 7 in Australia.

虽然理论上反犹袭击的合理数字应该是零，但这两年澳大利亚的经历与美国真有本质不同吗？

I mean, understanding that an acceptable number of antisemitic attacks would be zero, Has Australia's experience been radically different from The US's in these intervening two years?

我认为没有区别。

I don't think so.

我的意思是，以前如果美国犹太人要去欧洲，想去犹太教堂，当地的朋友或居民会告诉他们要提前打电话通知教堂你要来做礼拜。

There is I mean, it's you know, it used to be that if you were going to Europe, American Jew was going to Europe and they wanted to go to a synagogue, they'd be told by friends, by people there, by informants who live there, whatever, call ahead and let the synagogue know you're coming for services.

记得带上身份证和护照，至少得带护照。

Be sure to bring ID and a passport with you know, at least a passport.

如果找不到地方，就跟着街上穿西装戴棒球帽的男人走。

And if if you have trouble finding the place, follow the men who are walking on the street in suits and baseball caps.

为什么要跟着他们？

Why them?

因为他们用帽子遮住了自己的基帕（犹太小圆帽）。

Because they're covering up their kippot.

他们不想露出基帕。

They don't wanna show their kippot.

如果这招不管用，就站在犹太教堂所在的街道上，四处张望找宪兵和他们携带的卡宾枪。

And if that doesn't work, just stand on the street where the synagogue is and look up and down for the gendarmes and their carabiners, their their their guns, their rifles.

那里就是犹太教堂。

That's the synagogue.

这曾经是欧洲的指引。

That used to be the instructions for Europe.

这曾经是阿根廷和澳大利亚某些地区的指引。

That used to be the instructions for Argentina and in in certain places in Australia as well.

现在这成了全世界的指引。

Now it's the instructions everywhere.

昨晚除以色列外，没有任何大陆的哈努卡节公共庆祝活动是没有警察保护的。

There was no public celebration except in Israel of Hanukkah last night on any continent that did not have police protection.

可能澳大利亚那边情况会好些，但

And it probably would've it probably had more because of Australia, but

本来也应该是这样的。

it would've had it anyway.

你描述的指引——带上护照、提前通知。

The instructions you're describing, bring your passport, call ahead.

这是因为犹太社区和犹太教堂担心安全风险。

This is because the the Jewish community, the synagogue is worried about security risks.

他们想确认你就是你本人。

They wanna make sure you're who you Right.

你说你是。

You say you are.

对。

Right.

对。

Right.

对。

Right.

你知道，我去年夏天——也可能是前年夏天——去过伯克希尔。

You know, I was in the Berkshires, I think last summer, maybe the summer before.

那是个周日的清晨，上午10点，我开车穿过莱诺克斯。

I was I was driving through Lenox on early on a Sunday morning, 10AM.

我路过一座革命时期的老教堂——可能年代稍晚些，但确实是那种白色护墙板的老教堂。

And I passed one of these, you know, old revolutionary era church, maybe a little later, but certainly old churches, White Clapper Church.

我又仔细看了一眼

And I did a double take.

有些东西让我觉得奇怪

Something looked strange to me.

然后我意识到是什么了

And then I realized what it was.

教堂入口的双扇门大敞着，会众成员站在那里微笑，向每个走上台阶的人分发当天的礼拜程序单

The double doors in the entry to the church were thrown wide open, and there were members of the congregation standing there smiling and handing out the service order of the service of the day to anybody who walked up the steps.

你永远不会在任何犹太教堂看到这种场景，世界上任何地方都不会——除了以色列

You'd never see that in any synagogue, in any place, in the in the world, again, except in Israel.

现在让我们把话题转向澳大利亚，以及正在浮现的问题...嗯

So let me turn us to Australia, and the questions that are emerging Mhmm.

在这场大屠杀之后

After this massacre.

我认为这个词是准确的

I I think that's the accurate word.

对

Right.

问题不断涌现，澳大利亚的犹太人意识到他们正成为攻击目标。

Questions being raised, Jews in Australia were aware that they were being targeted.

澳大利亚政府是否已采取足够措施来保护这个社区？

Has the government of Australia done enough to protect the community?

我在任时——我自一月份起已卸任。

When I was in office and I I've been out of office now since January.

但我在任期间听到了不少抱怨。

But when I was in office, I heard complaints.

他们做得不够。

They're not doing enough.

他们没认真对待这事。

They're not taking it seriously.

他们嘴上说得好听，但实际行动却跟不上。

They say the right things, but the the the actions aren't happening.

他们应该怎么做？

What should they do?

嗯

Well

他们能做什么？

What can they do?

他们能做什么？

What can they do?

首先，要有良好的安保措施，但更重要的是要有完善的调查。

First of all, good security, but even more good investigations.

其中一名凶手，那个儿子，因其与外国组织有联系而早已在他们的名单上。

One of the murderers, the son, was on their list for his association, apparently, with foreign groups.

具体细节才刚刚浮出水面。

The details are just emerging.

我掌握的信息还不全面。

I don't have them all.

但要认真对待这件事。

But take this seriously.

这就是关键所在。

That's the whole thing.

当人们高喊‘给犹太人点颜色看看’时，必须严肃对待。

Take it seriously when people chant gas the juice.

听着。

Look.

你不能否认言论自由的存在，而我本人是言论自由的坚定拥护者。

You can't there is freedom of speech, and I'm a tremendous advocate of freedom of speech.

但当你听到‘犹太人在哪’这种言论时，

But when you hear these, where are the Jews?

当你看到示威活动中有人袭击餐厅时，绝不能掉以轻心。

When you when you see demonstrations, when people attack restaurants, don't make light of it.

要意识到这是更严重的事件。

Say this is something bigger.

具体来说，要明确你是反犹太主义问题专家，而非活动安保专家。

So just to be specific and understanding that you are an expert on antisemitism, not on security for events.

没错。

That's right.

但听起来你的意思是，像这次明知会有大量犹太人聚集庆祝光明节的活动，本应配备安保措施，或者说

But sounds like what you're saying is for an event like this where we knew that there were going to be a lot of Jews gathered for a Hanukkah event, there should have been security or there should

本应加强现有的安保力量。

have been more security than there was.

安保措施应该完善得多。

Much better security.

但关键是要提前做好预防工作。

But but the thing to do is to prevent it ahead of time.

要知道，这种氛围是被刻意营造出来的。

And, you know, there's an atmosphere created.

我还是要提到'全球化起义'这个口号。

I'll go back to the phrase globalize the intifada.

我知道'起义'(intifada)在某种穆斯林神学中有特定含义，但'起义'一词特指对犹太人的袭击——以色列的第一次和第二次起义期间，数千名犹太人遭到杀害。

I know intifada has a meaning in in Muslim theology of a certain kind, but the Intifada means references the attack on Jews, the first Intifada and second Intifada in Israel, in which thousands of Jews were murdered.

也有非犹太人遇害，但主要是犹太人被屠杀。

Some non Jews, but primarily Jews were murdered.

当他们鼓吹'全球起义'时，不要姑息纵容。

When they talk about globalize the Intifada, don't discourage it.

不要说'我虽不赞同但也不谴责这种说法'——像某些民选官员那样表态。

Don't say, oh, I I can't condemn it, but I wouldn't use that term as some elected officials have said.

这等于是开绿灯。

That's giving you the green light.

必须明确予以谴责。

Condemn it outright.

我要指出，澳大利亚总理阿尔巴尼斯将邦迪海滩事件称为'纯粹的邪恶行径'——这是他的原话。

I do wanna note Australia's prime minister, prime minister Albanese, has called what happened on Bondi Beach an act of pure evil in his words.

他还介绍了政府为打击反犹主义采取的措施。

He's also talked about things his government has done to try to fight antisemitism.

他指出，例如成立了联邦警察特别工作组。嗯。

He's noted, for example, setting up a federal police task force Mhmm.

用于调查举报事件和案件。

To investigate reports and incidents.

这些措施方向正确吗？

Are those steps in the right direction?

这些措施方向是正确的。

They are the steps in the right direction.

你知道，可能有点迟，但方向无疑是正确的。

You know, maybe a little late, but certainly in the right direction.

而且你看，主要工作当然要由政府承担，因为这是政府层面的问题。

And look, it's it's the the main effort, of course, has to be taken by government because this is a government issue.

这是刑事犯罪问题。

This is a criminal issue.

这是谋杀和袭击，你知道的，刑事犯罪性质的攻击。

This is murder and attacks, you know, criminal criminal attacks.

但这必须是一个全社会共同参与的方式。

But it's gotta be a whole of society approach too.

我是说，这次可怕袭击中唯一令人欣慰的是，其中一名枪手被邦迪海滩的居民制服，而那人恰好是穆斯林。

I mean, the only heartening thing to come out of this horrific horrific attack was the fact that the one of the shooters was brought down by residents of a Bondi Beach who happens to be a Muslim.

从视频中可以看到，他冒着生命危险采取了行动。

And he did it when you look at the video, he did it at the risk of his life.

看起来，他与那名男子搏斗时，如果情况稍有不同，他自己可能就会成为受害者之一。

It didn't like, he he he struggled with a man, and had the struggle gone a little bit differently, he might have been one of the victims.

这位是黛博拉·利普斯塔特。

That's Deborah Lippstadt.

她是埃默里大学犹太历史与大屠杀研究教授。

She's a professor of Jewish history and holocaust studies at Emory University.

她曾担任拜登政府监测反犹太主义的特使。

She served as the Biden administration special envoy for monitoring anti Semitism.

大使，感谢您。

Ambassador, thank you.

非常感谢，玛丽尔·路易斯。

Thank you very much, Mariel Louise.

保重。

Take care.

你也是。

And you.

本期节目由迈克尔·莱维特和卡伦·萨莫拉制作，音频工程由泰德·米本负责。

This episode was produced by Michael Levitt and Karen Zamora with audio engineering by Ted Meebane.

由考特尼·多丁编辑。

It was edited by Courtney Dording.

我们的执行制作人是萨米·叶尼甘。

Our executive producer is Sammy Yenigan.

这里是NPR的《考虑一下》。

It's consider this from NPR.

我是玛丽·路易斯·凯利。

I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

This is Ira Glass.

在《美国生活》节目中，我们讲述关于人生转折的故事，就像大卫的经历——他的整个生活突然遭遇了剧烈、意外且令人不快的转变。

On This American Life, we tell stories about when things change, like for this guy David, whose entire life took a sharp, unexpected, and very unpleasant turn.

我确实花了一段时间才明白，这基本上是因为猴子按下了按钮。

And it did take me a while to realize that it's basically because the monkey pressed the button.

没错。

That's right.

就因为猴子按下了按钮。

Because the monkey pressed the button.

每周为你带来意想不到的故事，无论你在何处收听播客。

Surprising stories every week wherever you get your podcasts.

本周《Up First》节目聚焦：对国会而言，这是今年最后的工作周，这意味着在数百万美国人的医保费用飙升之前，采取行动的时间所剩无几。

This week on Up First, it's the last work week of the year, for congress anyway, and that means time is running out for action on health care before premiums skyrocket for millions of Americans.

我们将持续为您报道国会山在最后关头的紧急行动。

We'll keep you updated on the eleventh hour scramble on Capitol Hill.

本周《Up First》节目，现已获得金球奖最佳播客提名。

This week on Up First, now a Golden Globe nominee for best podcast.

请通过NPR应用或您常用的播客平台收听。

Listen on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

今年是电影的丰收年，我们知道您不可能全部看完。

It's been a fantastic year for movies, and we know you can't see them all.

因此我们推荐一些可能被忽视的优秀影片，供您加入观影清单。

So we're recommending some great films that might have flown under the radar to add to your watch list.

请通过NPR应用或您常用的播客平台收听《流行文化欢乐时光》节目。

Listen to pop culture happy hour in the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.