第六季第六集 - 尼古拉·雷尼与安斯加尔·沃尔辛

所以我们有一个独特的显示效果，我的双变量图。

So we've got a unique display and my bivariate.

这就是我刚刚重新提到的名字。

So that's the the name I just came back to.

这是一种双变量配色方案，虽然很少见，但却是同时展示两个信息的非常有力的方式。

It's a bivariate color palette, which is rarely seen but very powerful way of showing two things simultaneously.

轮到你了，这个图是怎么回事？是什么让你想到了雨？

Over to you what's going on with this one and what made you think about the rain?

是什么可能让你想到英国的雨？

What possibly could make you think about the rain in Britain?

我完全想不到是什么让我想到这里的雨。

No idea what could make me think about the rain here.

对我来说，这算是对提示的一种比较自由的解读。

So this for me, this was quite, I guess, a liberal interpretation of the prompt.

提示是使用自然地球数据集。

So the prompt is to use the natural earth data sets.

我没有，但它确实使用了关于地球上自然发生现象的数据。

I did not but it did use data about things that naturally happen on earth.

对。

Right.

所以是查看海拔和降雨量。

So looking at elevation and rain.

在之前的挑战中，我其实做了一个使用光线着色的三维地图，来展示英国的降雨情况，那只是一个单变量地图；但当你看那张地图时，第一眼看到的——部分因为它是三维的——看起来就像英国的地形图，所以你会想，降雨和山地之间到底有多相关？于是我想到，好吧，那就获取海拔数据，把它和降雨数据对应起来。

So earlier in the challenge I've actually made a sort of three d map with ray shader looking at rainfall in The UK so just your sort of univariate map but when you look at that map the first thing you you sort of see partly because it's three d but it just looks like an elevation map of The UK so you sort of how much did the rain and the hills correlate with each So I thought okay well let's get data on elevation and map it to that rainfall data.

要把这两个数据集合并起来相当困难，因为它们的尺度、格式完全不同；对于英国的每一个小方格，你都需要知道它离海平面有多高，以及过去一年这里下了多少雨。

It was quite tricky to join those two datasets together because they're sort of on completely different scales, formats and for every single little square in The UK you want how far above sea level is it and how long was there here in the last year.

所以把这两者合并起来确实花了我不少功夫。

So joining those two things together did take quite a bit of work.

但之后你就可以把它绘制在这个双变量地图上了。

But then you can kind of plot it on this bivariate map.

所以红色越深表示海拔越高，蓝色越深表示降雨越多，最终你会看到一种非常深的紫色，表示那里既多山又多雨。

So sort of more red is higher elevation, more blue is more rain, and you end up with this very dark purple color, it's both hilly and rainy.

是的。

Yeah.

这种双变量地图有时会相当棘手。

And those sort of bivariate maps can be quite tricky.

你知道，有时候很难分辨你处于图例的哪个角落。

You know, sometimes it's quite hard to tell which corner of the legend you're in.

但在这个案例中，由于英国的降雨量和海拔高度高度相关，它几乎变成了单变量地图——比如，这里有一个非常平坦且无雨的区域，颜色很浅；而那些深色区域则是既多雨又多山的地方，这就是整体模式，然后你更容易找出哪些是异常区域，比如平坦但多雨，或者相反的情况。

But in this case because rainfall and elevation correlate so much in The UK, it almost becomes univariate in the sense that okay here's an area that's very flat with no rain, it's very pale, here's all the dark areas where it's both rainy and hilly and that's the overall sort of pattern and then it's easier to pick out okay where's the unusual areas that are sort of flat and rainy or or vice versa.

我认为这就像，再次地，我经常希望你能这样表达。

And I think that's like, again, I've often I'd like you like you express that.

我经常发现双变量色阶在感知上很难处理。

I've often found bivariate column schemes a tough thing to perceptually process.

我认为人们很容易因为觉得太难而直接否定它。

And I think it's something that you can easily dismiss as it's too hard.

因此认为它很糟糕。

It's therefore bad.

但不，我认为如果你坚持下去，几乎可以教会自己该看什么、不该看什么。

But, no, I think if you persevere and sort of teach the lens almost what you're looking for, what not to look for.

我的意思是，我在这里看到的，实际上更接近你刚才提到的例外情况。

I mean, what I'm looking at here is is actually more of what you spoke to there, which is the exception.

那些只显示红色或只显示蓝色的部分，因为否则你自然会预期在降雨多的高海拔地区存在这种相关性。

The bits where we only see red or the bits where we only see blue, because otherwise you kind of expect the correlation to exist in in in in in the higher areas with more rain.

所以我认为，如果你训练自己一次只关注九宫格配色方案中的一个个小区域，你才能真正看到其中的故事。

So I think if you sort of train yourself to look at almost pockets of that nine panel color scheme one at a time, that's when you really start to see the stories.

你刚才提到了数据整合或处理的难度，我想这又是这一过程的另一个隐藏优势或副产品：优化你后台的数据处理流程。

Now you spoke there about the the rigors of the sort of data kinda combining or handling, which I guess is another subplot slash benefit of this process, which is to fine tune your data processes behind the scenes.

你知道，我们在设计选择和最终成果上看到的内容，在整个任务耗时中占多大比例？

You know, what we see in terms of design choices here and the final work here, what fraction of the overall duration on this task would that represent?

我想，大概至少三分之二是隐藏的工作，只有三分之一是最终的设计工作。

I I guess it's probably at least two thirds hidden work, one third design work at the end.

是的。

Yeah.

当然。

Definitely.

所以我认为这张地图比其他地图更具挑战性，数据处理花费了很长时间。

So I think this map more so than others and the challenge took a long time with sort of data processing

而且只是

and just

首先获取这些数据。

accessing that data in the first place.

这是你在网上看到别人分享作品时往往看不到的一点，当你被这些作品深深吸引时，你并不知道他们为此花了多长时间，也不知道他们是否早已拥有优质的数据。

And it's one of the things I guess you don't see when people are sharing things on social media and you're sort of very inspired by things you don't know how long they spent on that you don't know if they already had the nice data.

这确实是。

It's, it's

所以我做这个播客，就是想把那些隐藏在背后的东西带到台前。

That's why I did this whole podcast because I wanted to bring out the hidden stuff to the surface.

是的。

Yeah.

所以，在挑战的某些天里，你之前用过这些数据，所以已经预处理过了。

So for some, you know, days of the challenge, you've used the data before, so it's been pre processed.

所以，即使你给自己设定了限制，比如只花一小时，你也有整整一小时来做设计。

So you know, even if you put those constraints up, I only want to spend an hour on it, you've got an hour on design.

但还有些日子，如果你只想花一小时，可能实际只有五十五分钟。

There's going to be other days where if you want to put an hour on it, it might be fifty five minutes.

是的。

Yeah.

然后用五分钟做出一张可以拿去展示的地图。

And then five minutes to make a map that you can go somewhere.

所以，是的，这个地图我一直不太满意，因为地图上的每个点实际上都是一个微小的方块。

So yeah, this one, I was never completely happy with this map because it's each point in the map is actually a tiny little square.

它最初是基于栅格数据的，所以这些方块并不是完全重叠的，但我不得不调整所有方块的大小，让它们对齐，才能做出一张像样的地图，因为数据集的格式差异太大，导致数据分辨率非常高——你在看地图时根本察觉不到这一点，但每次想到底层其实是这些小方块，甚至可能有微小的重叠，我就有点不爽。

So it started out with raster data so not the squares sort of overlap but actually I had to resize all of the squares to get them to sort of line up to actually make a kind of map just because the data sets were in such different formats that It's made it really very high resolution data so you can't really tell that when you're looking at the map, but it always annoys me a little bit that underneath the hood, it was actually little squirrers and there might be a tiny little bit of overlap between them.

所以，这张图真的需要放大成大幅海报，才能充分体会到你经历的全部艰辛，而我觉得这种感受正通过你此刻的反思传达了出来。

So this needs to blown up to a huge poster, really, to experience the full the full pain that you've gone through, which I think comes across in what you're sort of sharing in this reflection.

不。

No.

我认为这又是一幅非常出色的作品。

I think it's, again, it's a lovely piece.

我认为这是我见过的最成功的双变量配色方案和图表之一。

I think it's one of the most successful bivariate color schemes and plots I've seen.

这真是很棒的内容。

So that's great stuff.

现在我们进入第24天。

Now we're over to day 24.

安斯加尔，这个主题是关于地点及其名称，聚焦于地名学。

And Ansgar, this is about places and their names focusing on toponymy.

它和极简主义地图一样，通过使用少量元素——在这种情况下是所有德国市镇的名称——最终呈现出大家熟悉的国家轮廓。

It also like the minimalistic map, it goes into that direction of by using little elements in this case, the names of all German municipalities, you end up with the shape of the country more or less that everyone is familiar with.

这是一个动态地图。

And this one is an animated map.

所以它基本上是逐个绘制每个市镇。

So it starts it basically plots each municipality one after the other.

它从德国最大的城市柏林开始，然后是汉堡、慕尼黑、科隆。

It starts with Berlin as the largest city in Germany, then it's Hamburg, Munich, Cologne.

所有这些知名城市都依次被放置在地图上。

And all of these well known cities, they are placed on the map one after the other.

然后，我加快了速度，开始添加成百上千个市镇。

And then finally, I sped it up going into hundreds and thousands of municipalities to be added.

德国最终共有11,000个市镇。

Finally, are 11,000 in Germany.

在动画的最后一帧中，所有这些市镇都已显示出来，这时你能看到整个国家的轮廓。

And all of them are in that final frame of the animation when you can see the shape.

我的意思是，从1,000个市镇开始你就能隐约看出来了。

I mean, you can already see it from 1,000 municipalities.

我想，你大概能注意到它最后呈现的样子。

You notice what it is the latest, I guess.

所以在整个过程中，你可以看到一些有趣的模式。

So there are interesting patterns that you can see during the process.

首先，你会看到所有这些或多或少为人所知的大城市位置，它们分布在地图上的各个地方。

So first of all, you get all these more or less known locations, I would say, of the bigger cities somewhere where they are on the map.

然后你会看到一些都市区，比如那些大城市彼此非常接近的乡村地区。

Then you have these metropolitan areas like the rural area where the larger cities are very close to each other.

你能注意到这些。

You notice these.

接着，还有一些其他的城市区域出现。

Then you have some other urban areas that come up.

最后，在处理过程的最后一二秒内，你会看到德国西南部一个广阔的大片区域。

And then finally, in the last one or two seconds of the processing, you see a large, wide area in the Southwest Of Germany.

那是莱茵兰-普法尔茨地区，它在德国的行政组织中有着非常特殊的情况。

That's Rheiland Palatine, where they have a very special for German administrative organization, very special situation.

所以德国总共有11,000个市镇，其中22%都集中在这一片区域，虽然它的面积和人口规模都属于中等，但数量却如此之多。

So I sat there like 11,000 municipalities in Germany in total, and 22% are in this rather average sized in size, in area, and in population, they have so many there.

所以最终，地图的这一区域出现了一个非常广阔的范围，老实说，我之前并不知道这一点。

So in the end, there's a very wide area on that part of the map, which is, again, something, to be honest, I wasn't aware of.

我从这个动画中学到了这一点。

And I learned from that animation.

尽管并没有太多分析价值，但还是出现了一些比较知名的内容。

And even though there's not too much analytical value, guess, there are some things that come up, some more known.

至少如果你住在德国或附近，你会知道鲁尔区、柏林，也许还有汉堡。

At least if you live in Germany or nearby, know Ruhr area and you know where Berlin is and maybe Hamburg.

但所有这些在最后阶段浮现出来的小细节。

But all of these little details that came up in the very end.

而这只是在空白画布上绘制某些元素，然后通过动画过程发现其中的模式。

And this was, again, just plotting certain elements on a blank canvas and then finding out patterns through this process of animation.

我的意思是，如果我只是把这11000个名字全印在画布上，那只会是一片模糊。

I mean, it would have been kind of a very just blurry thing if I just printed all of the 11,000 names on that canvas.

但我认为，通过这种动画过程，揭示了我提到的这些模式。

But I think with doing this animated process, reveals these patterns that I mentioned.

当然。

Absolutely.

我认为这又是一件非常引人入胜的作品，类似于罗马罗德斯的作品，正如你所说，形状从数据的分布中浮现出来，但没有标签、没有坐标轴、没有比例尺，仅仅通过标签的密集度和数量，你就看到了这种形态。

I think it's a fascinating piece again that similar to the Roman Rhodes work, it kind of the shapes emerge, as you said, out of the data shape in the but without without labels, without axes, without scales, it's just something that through the sheer intensity and the volume of labels, you get that shape.

我觉得你说得对。

And I think you're right.

在动画进行到一半左右，或者更接近结尾的三分之二处，你会看到大量白色突然涌现出来。

Sort of halfway through the animation, you get this or maybe sort of two thirds towards the end, you get this sort of deluge of of white emerging.

我的意思是，你说这是一段动画，我认为它效果非常好。

I mean, you said it's an animation, which I think it works terrifically well.

你有没有想过，也许可以用一些小倍数图示来呈现，比如前100个、接下来的100个？还是你只是尝试了动画形式，发现它确实向你揭示了某些东西，因此也可能会向其他人揭示同样的内容？

Were you ever thinking that it could be, I don't know, some small multiples, for example, here the first 100, next 100, or did you just experiment with animation and you felt that that just showed something to you and therefore it probably shows something to others?

我从一开始就有一个想法，就是把名字直接放在地图上，然后我想，如果一开始就全部显示出来，正如我刚才说的，会太拥挤了。

I think I had this idea very early on that I just placed the names on the map and I thought, okay, if I start with everything, as I just said, it would be too much.

我并没有考虑过小倍数图示这种静态版本，它可能是这个动画的静态等价形式，也许我可以试试看。

I didn't think about the small multiples, which would be kind of this static equivalent to this animation, maybe I would try it out.

所以，其中一个挑战是，你可以回头看看自己之前做的作品，把它当作明年制作新地图时的灵感，或者发现一些你将来想改进的地方。

So one of the things of the challenge is also you can come back to what you did and maybe just use this as an idea for the next map next year or something that you notice and maybe are eager to change at some point.

这是个非常好的想法。

It's a very good idea.

还有一点很重要，我认为在罗马道路的案例中，尽管德国的人口密度存在差异——这又反映了如今市政区域的分布——但最终仍能很好地呈现出国家的轮廓。

And one thing that's also important here, I think also with the Roman roads, it's good that even though there are differences in population density in Germany, which is, again, a reflection of where the municipalities are now located, it works quite well in the end to see the country shape.

有趣的是，我把作品发布在Blue Sky上，大概三小时后，就有别人做出了他们自己的版本。

Funny thing is I published it on Blue Sky, and I think three hours later, somebody created their version.

我也分享了代码，有人用我的代码为瑞典制作了同一主题的版本。

I also shared the code, and somebody used the code to create their version of the same topic for Sweden.

而在瑞典，较大的城市主要集中在南部。

And for Sweden, you have the bigger municipalities there rather in the South.

而北部地区则人口稀少。

And then you have this North, which is sparsely populated.

我觉得他们的版本也做得相当不错，他们认为：也许在瑞典北部增加一些人口更密集的地区也会有帮助。

I think it also worked quite well, they thought, okay, maybe some more populated places in the North Of Sweden would help as well.

但再次强调，这真的非常迷人。

But again, that was really fascinating.

有人在短短三个小时内就采纳了这个想法，这太令人惊叹了。

Somebody picking up that idea just within really like three hours was fascinating.

这绝对如此，这本来就是我接下来要提到的观察：如果把这个方法应用到人口中心分布极其多样化的国家，将会非常有趣。

And that's absolutely, that was going to be my next observation, which is it would be fascinating to see applied to a country where there is such a diversity of population centers.

我在想澳大利亚、加拿大这样的地方，你知道，这些地方在政治分析中常常面临巨大挑战，因为人口分布根本无法均匀。

I'm thinking Australia, Canada, you know, these kind of classic places where you often see how much of a struggle it is in things like political analyses, where you just don't have this even spread.

就像罗马道路那件作品中，我们看到的不仅是存在的部分，还有缺失的部分，这种效果在这些地区也会同样显现。

So similar to the Roman Rhodes piece where we saw the absence as much as the present, it would also sort of echo that effect in in those areas.

很高兴看到有人已经这么快地完成了这项工作。

So it's nice to see that someone's done that already and so rapidly.

我们现在进入第25天，这是我们要一起审视你们的作品。

We now move on to day 25, and this is something that we're looking at both your works.

正如我所说，我们尽量挑选了尽可能多的具有代表性的日子。

And as I said, we kind of curated as many distinct days as possible.

但这一次，我们想采用同样的方法，这里使用的是六边形。

But for this, we wanted to to look at the the same approach, and this is hexagons.

所以首先请你说一下，安斯加，关于你的六边形地图。

So we'll come to you first, Ansgar, just in terms of your hexagon map.

所以这里的这种方法或主题是使用六边形binning、六边形网格或网格系统来可视化你的数据。

So the the method or the the theme here is to use hexagonal binning, hex bins, or a grid system to visualize your data.

因此，我们再次回到德国。

So once again, we're in Germany.

你这个作品的核心内容是什么？

What's what's the gist of your piece for this one?

这个地图首先如你所说，是用六边形网格来呈现的。

So this map shows the so first of all, the map is translated, as you said, in these hexagon bins.

这是整个画布。

And this is the canvas.

然后每个六边形通过颜色填充，以显示15至24岁人口的比例。

And then each hexagon is filled by color to show the percentage of people aged 15 to 24.

这个标题就像是：年轻人在哪里？

And that title is like, where's the youth?

深色表示年轻人比例相对较低。

And dark color means a comparably low share of young people.

浅色和明亮的颜色则标识出该年龄段年轻人比例较高的区域。

And the lighter colors, the brighter colors, they identify areas where there is a higher share of younger people in that age bracket.

大概两三年前，我想那是在Map Challenge中的一个数据挑战，就像Nicola提到的Natural Earth那个。

Like two or three years ago, I think it was actually one of these data challenges in the Map Challenge, like the natural earth thing that Nicola mentioned.

当时有一个挑战，是关于某个数据集或一组数据集的，我找到了一张非常精细的地图，基本上涵盖了世界上每个国家的人口数据以及不同年龄组的人口估算。

And there was one challenge for one data set or a collection of datasets that when I found like there's a very fine granular map of basically every country in the world with the population and some estimates for the population and different age groups.

我曾在挑战24或23中用过这些数据进行过实验。

And I experimented with that, I think in challenge twenty four, twenty three.

现在我想，也许可以重新使用这些数据，制作一个能契合这次挑战主题——也就是六边形——的作品。

And now I thought maybe I revisit that data and make something that hopefully works with that theme of the challenge, the hexagons as well.

因为它确实凸显了前东德和西德之间的分界，这是一个令人惊讶的特征。

Because it really brings out the sort of former East and West Germany split, which is a surprising artifact of that.

你之前有预料到这一点吗？

Was that something that you were expecting?

是的。

Yes.

我认为我正在丰富那些展示这类差异的地图目录，虽然我不想称之为分裂，但这些差异体现在各种指标和因素上。

And I think I'm adding to the catalog of maps showing this kind of, don't want to call it divide, but these kind of differences in various metrics and factors.

但德国的重新统一或许是一个主题，而1990年之前分为两个国家则是其中一个驱动因素。

But also, Germany, renewed notification maybe is one topic and two separate states until 1990 is one driver.

但我认为还有更多其他因素，因为在地图上，前德意志民主共和国的地区，比如莱比锡和德累斯顿这些主要城市，也出现了人口聚集的现象，人们为了求学和就业机会而迁入这些地方。

But I think there are some more factors because on the map, there are also centers in the area of the former Democratic Republic Of Germany, as it was called, which are kind of the major cities like Leipzig and Dresden where people are moving to study for job opportunities.

所以这并不是简单的东西德分裂，而是乡村地区与这些中心城市的对比——年轻人涌向城市，留下老龄化的人口。

So it's not like east and west divide, so to speak, but it's also rural versus Many young people moving to these centers and then leaving behind an aging population.

还有许多其他因素，比如两德统一后上世纪90年代人们迁往西德、以及这些并入联邦的州出生率极低等影响。

There are many factors like effects from the reunification people in the 1990s moving to West Of Germany and birth rates that were very low in these states that joined the Republic.

因此，我认为这里涉及的是多种不同的因素。

So it's different factors, I think, that are at play here.

我觉得我本可以在地图上更好地解释这一点，因为显然，你看，哦，对，这几乎就是前东德的形状，而这是西德。

And I feel like I could have explained that in the map even better because of course it like is this similar, you see like, oh yeah, that is more or less the shape of the former GDR and that is Western Germany.

但我认为，即使在三十五年后的今天，还有更多因素在起作用。

But but I think there are more factors at play thirty five years after even if

你确实如此。

you Absolutely.

而且你并不是想做一份类似社会解释的分析。

And you're not you're not you're not trying to do a piece of sort of social explanation.

这仅仅是一张地图。

It it is just the map.

但我确实认为，这是一份很棒的作品，能够引发人们去思考：为什么会出现这种情况。

But I do think it's a nice piece that sort of stirs and triggers conversation about why why is that a thing.

显然，这会进一步引向其他地图，这些地图会具体指出哪些城市、以及国内的迁移故事。

And obviously, this would then lead on to other maps that then pinpoint which cities are which and the migration stories within the countries.

你知道，这是一份很出色的作品，其特点是数据驱动，完全可以用来提取洞察。

It's, you know, it's a it's a beautiful piece and contrast in that where it's very data driven, very much something that you could use to draw insights.

尼古拉，你在这个作品里玩得挺开心的，尼古拉，就是这个。

To Nicola's where you've had a bit of fun, Nicola, this one.

我觉得你这次真的放开了，刹车已经松开了。

I think I think you've let yourself off the the handbrake has been released with this one.

所以，我来让你向我们的听众介绍一下这个作品。

So I'll let you describe this to our to our listeners.

但让我先提出你提出的问题：字母o、q、w、x和y有什么共同点？

But let me open with the question which you've posed, which is what do the letters o, q, w, x, and y have in common?

你来说吧。

Go ahead.

对于这个六边形主题的地图，我创建了一个全球网格图，每个国家都用一个彩色六边形来表示，而不是传统的方形或矩形。

So for this map, for the hexagon prompt, I've created a grid map of the world where every country is represented by a colored hexagon rather than the sort of more traditional square or rectangle.

正如你所见，这是我创作的其中一张地图，最终成果在模式上可能并没有特别实用或有趣，但这是一个很好的机会，让我能稍微尝试一下，你知道的，这不仅仅是学习TOLD或制图，更是尝试一些可行的创意。

And as you see, this is one of the maps that I've created that the final output is probably not something particularly useful or indeed interesting with the terms of patterns, but it was kind of an opportunity to experiment a little bit and sort of, you know, it's not just about learning TOLD or learning maps, it's kind of an opportunity to try out things that work.

我想我制作这张地图的原因，是因为我是在一列没有Wi-Fi的火车上做的。

And I guess the reason that I ended up making this map was that I actually made it when I was on a train without any Wi Fi.

所以我当时受到一些限制，只能使用我已安装的软件和笔记本电脑上已有的数据。

So I had those sort of constraints on me that I had to use, you know, only software that I only I already had installed and data that already existed on my laptop.

于是我想，好吧，我该怎么让这个东西和六边形有点关系呢？

So I thought, okay, well, what can I make this vaguely hexagon related?

有一个名为 geo facet 的 R 包，可以提供网格布局。

So I there's a an r package geo facet that gives you grid layouts.

我觉得它能为国家提供一个很好的布局。

And I thought, that gives you that nice layout for the countries.

我可以写一个函数来绘制六边形。

I can write a function that draws a hexagon.

我要给这些六边形上色，那该用什么来上色呢？我想到，最直接可用的只有各国的 ISO 代码。

I'm going to colour these hexagons and then what am I going to colour them in with and I thought okay there's the only sort of thing that was immediately hand was the ISO codes countries.

所以这些六边形是根据每个国家的 ISO 代码首字母来上色的。

So they are coloured based on the first letter of the ISO code for each country.

显然，英文字母有 26 个，所以当你得到一个包含 26 个值的颜色尺度时，这通常是默认设置，而且很多工具都会提供这种彩虹色系。

And obviously there's 26 letters in the alphabet so when you end up with this colour scale that has 26 values in it, this sort of default and I think many things give you the sort of rainbow colour palette.

如果你想知道哪些国家的名称以字母R开头，你就得去分辨一种非常特定的蓝绿色调

And if you go okay, like what countries begin with like, I don't know, the letter R, it's you're trying to look at a very specific shade of turquoise

然后去和对，

and compare it to Yeah.

黑色

The black

所以这变得非常困难。

So it becomes really difficult.

于是我想到，我要用颜色来编码信息。

So I thought, Like, I'm gonna use color to encode things.

有没有其他方式可以用颜色来编码数据，而不会产生这种难以区分的配色方案？

Is there another way of encoding data into colors that doesn't result in this very sort of difficult to tell apart color scheme.

所以我最终结合了六边形的轮廓色和填充色来创建组合。

So I ended up using the outline color of the hexagon in combination with the sort of fill color of the hexagon to create combinations.

因此，与其使用26种颜色，我只用了五种颜色。

So rather than using 26 colors, can use five colors.

这样，通过边框色和填充色的组合，你得到了25种颜色，再加上一个额外的，一共是26种。

That gives you with the combination of sort of outline and fill gives you 25 colors plus an extra one, you have 26.

所以它不一定特别容易一眼看懂，但如果你真的想查找某个特定值，会容易得多。

So it's not necessarily particularly easy to look at, but if you do want to find a particular value and look something up it's much much easier

相比于

compared to

我实际上把它当成了一个小测验。

I used it almost as a quiz actually.

我把它当作一个谜题来用，在准备过程中，我花在这上面的时间几乎和任何其他事情一样多，心里想着，嗯，那应该是法国，那个应该是德国，于是我逐渐去除了颜色。

I used it as a puzzle and I was looking into in preparation for I actually spent almost as much time on this as any but going, right I reckon that must be France and that must be Germany and I sort of decoloured it.

所以这几乎既是一个有趣的谜题练习，也是一个信息性的作品。

So it's almost like a fun puzzle exercise as much as an informative piece.

是的。

Yeah.

但也不完全是，我认为这确实是一个有趣的挑战，就像你提到的关于颜色数量的区分问题。我们经常谈论色彩理论和数据可视化，但其中大部分最终都回归到映射技术、制图技术。而在这里，将中心颜色与边框线结合起来作为一对，我认为这是一种非常巧妙的解决方案，用以克服单一颜色所缺乏的区分度。

But no it's a little bit and I think it's an interesting challenge there as you said about the distinct number of colours and you know we often talk about coloured theories and data viz but so much of it does lead back to mapping techniques, cartography techniques but in this case the kind of combination of the sort of central colour with the outline stroke as a combination, as a pair sorry, I think is a, is a very nice solution to, to overcome the, the lack of distinctions that are otherwise available with a single colour.

所以这是一个很有趣的作品，如果你没看这一集，我强烈建议你去看看，尽量多认出几个。

So it's a fun piece and if you're not watching this episode I would definitely urge you to check, check it out and try and get as many as you can.

但为了说明标题的由来，字母O、Q、W、X和Y各自只作为其中一个国家的首字母。

But just to, just to close off the reason for the title, the letters O, Q, W, X, and Y are used as the first letters for only one country each.

我不会告诉你们答案。

I won't tell you the answers.

你们得自己去查看作品才能找到这些答案。

You're gonna have to go and look at the work to get the answers of those.

太棒了。

Super.

还剩两个。

So two more left.

现在交给你了，安斯加，今天是第28天，我们来看看纯黑色。

Back to you, Ansgar, for day 28, where we're looking at simply black.

那个作品的颜色少得多，甚至可能根本没用颜色。

A lot less colors in that, if colors at all.

但这是其中一个我认为可以融入大量创意的类别。

But this is one of the categories where I feel like they have lots of you can bring in lots of ideas.

只有一个词，但你能从中衍生出很多东西。

It's just the one word, and you can make a lot of things out of that.

我的连接断了。

And my connection was cold.

而且这又有点个人色彩，因为我长大的地方，正是地图上所描绘的区域。

And again, it's a bit personal because where I grew up, that's the area that is depicted on the map.

所以那是片乡村地区，东边是多特蒙德，南边是埃森和杜伊斯堡，北边是雷克林豪森。

So the rural area where you have Dortmund in the East and Essen and Duisburg in the South and Recklinghausen in the North.

你在小学时就已经学到了很多关于煤炭的知识。

You learn a lot about coal in primary school already.

我找到了一张数字化的地图，那实际上是一系列在20世纪50年代初绘制的地图，用于定位乡村地区不同的煤层。

And I got hold of this digitized map that was it's really a series of maps that was created in the early 1950s to locate the different cold seams in the rural area.

而且这样的地图有很多。

And there are lots of maps.

在数字化形式中，它们被相互连接在一起。

And in the digitized form, they are combined to each other.

因此，煤层是一种自然形成的水平煤层，历经数百万年形成，该地区几个世纪以来一直在开采。

So a cold seam is like a natural formed horizontal layer of coal formed over millions of years and has been exploited in that area for centuries.

在14世纪，人们在某处发现了煤炭。

In the 1300s, found the first coal somewhere.

随后，它成为该地区最重要的能源和经济来源，直到20世纪50年代达到顶峰，而这份地图数据正是那时创建的。

And then it became really the number one energy source and also the number one economic source of that rural area until it peaked in the 1950s when this map data was created actually.

当时，该地区有近五十万人在煤矿及类似岗位工作。

There were almost half a million people in that area working in coal mines and similar functions.

然后它开始衰退。

And then it declined.

我认为最后一座煤矿大约八年前关闭了，或者类似的时间。

And I think the last coal mine closed like eight years ago or something like that.

因此，它贯穿了漫长的历史，也彻底改变了这片地区。

So really spanning a long history and also has transformed that area.

农村地区煤炭开采的衰退从六七十年代一直持续到2010年代，至今仍是该地区转型的一部分。

This decline of coal mining in the rural area has been kind of a topic from the sixties or seventies until the 2010s, and it's still kind of part of the transformation of that area.

正如我所说，从上学伊始，我就学过这些内容。

And as I said, from the beginning in school, I learned about it.

我参观过一座煤矿，因此这对我来说也带有一些个人色彩。

I visit a coal mine, so it was also, again, kind of a personal thing.

在这张地图上，你可以清楚地看到这些煤层的位置，它们至少曾被记录并保存在旧的地图资料中，之后被数字化并作为数据可供打印。

And in this map, you see really these locations of these coal seams, how they have been at least tracked and stored in that old map material and was then digitized and is available as data to print.

我尝试用字体来模仿这种效果。

And I try to mimic with fonts, for instance.

字体的选择带有一种复古的风格。

Font choice is a bit of an old school vibe to it.

我添加了一些注释来说明其含义。

I added some annotations to describe what it means.

我不得不查一下德语词'fluids'对应的英文单词，因为这个词描述了它的性质。

I had to look up the English word for the German word fluids, which is describing what it is.

我试着解释了一下为什么它对这个地区很重要，以及曾经有多重要。

And I tried to explain a bit why it is important, has been important for that area.

再次强调，这有点极简，我想是这样

Again, it's kind of rather minimal and it's, I guess

但它看起来像煤。

But it looks like coal.

它看起来像煤，带着一种微微发光的轮廓。

It looks like coal looks with sort of light shivering, the contour.

形状也是这样，对吧？

The shape as well, right?

它又从中获益了。

It's kind of benefiting again.

我很幸运，找到了这样的数据，最终它们呈现在画布上的样子。

I'm lucky with kind of the data that I found and how it finally ends up on the canvas.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

不。

No.

这是一件很棒的作品。

It's a lovely piece.

我认为它非常适合黑色主题。

I think it's a perfect selection for the theme of black.

精彩的作品。

Wonderful stuff.

谢谢您，先生。

Thank you, sir.

接下来是您的最终选择，尼古拉，也就是光栅化。

So onto your final selection Nicola which is raster.

您已经提到过光栅化作为英国高程和光线图的一种方法，但现在我们关注的是世界的另一端——澳大利亚。

You've touched on rastering as a method for The UK elevation and ray map but now we're looking at the other side of the world and Australia.

所以这是澳大利亚的地形图，我想先说一下，这张图深受RJ Andrews几年前作品的启发。

So this is a map of elevation of Australia and I want to start by saying this is heavily inspired by some of the work that RJ Andrews did a few years ago.

我曾见过他用打字机制作地形图。

So I'd seen him make maps of elevation using a typewriter.

没错。

That's right.

也就是说，每个字母的墨迹密度代表了相应的海拔高度。

So where each sort of left the ink density of each letter gives you that elevation.

于是我想到，是否可以用R语言实现类似的效果，但保留那种打字机风格。

So I wondered whether you could do something similar using R but with that same sort of typewriter styling.

所以我成功获取了一些海拔数据，得到了一个海拔网格。

So I've managed to grab some elevation data so I had this grid of elevation.

然后我花时间浏览了一些字体菜单，寻找打字机风格的字体，逐个字母尝试，选出几种墨迹密度不同的字母。

And then I sat down with some font menus, so looking for some typewriter style fonts and going through letters and trying to pick out a few that are have different ink densities among them.

我想我选出了四个不同的英文字母，从墨迹极少的字母L到墨迹较多的M或W。

So I think I picked out four different letters of the alphabet, sort of ranging from like the letter L which is has very low ink up to M or W.

然后你可以用一个字母来表示每个小方块的海拔，而不是用颜色或深浅来表示。

And then you can represent each sort of little brass or square the elevation with a letter rather than I guess a color or a shade.

当你完全缩小时，根本看不到这些字母，当你这样看的时候

And you don't really see the letters at all when you zoom all the way out when you take that sort

我根本没意识到它们是字母。

I didn't even know that they were letters.

就是这样。

That's All

你看到的只是一个看起来灰白相间的等高线地图。

you see is this elevation map that sort of looks, you know, grey or black and white.

只有当你放大到极致时，才能看到每一个单独的字母。

And it's only when you zoom right in, you can actually see each individual letter.

是的。

Yeah.

这还取决于你使用的网格大小，网格越小，地图就越抽象，越像一张普通的地图，而不是由字母组成的图案。

And it depends a little bit on the, you know, the grid size you use, how abstract it becomes, how much it looks just like a map versus all of the letters.

但制作这个真的很有趣，因为它能做成非常漂亮的墙面艺术，这也是30D地图挑战的另一个方面——制作不仅有用，而且美观的东西。

But it was a really fun one to make because it makes very nice wall art, which is another sort of aspect of the sort of 30D map challenge, just making things that aren't just useful but are kind of nice and

美观的艺术。

Beautiful artistic.

有美感。

Aesthetic.

当然。

Absolutely.

而且，它在字体、外观和感觉上与安斯加尔那件出色的作品非常相似。

And again it has a very similar sort of vibe to Ansgar's cool one in terms of the font, the look and feel.

但我认为，这再次展示了我们所看过的许多作品的一个共同点：通过不同材料来表现数据和地点。

But I think it's another demonstration from many of the pieces we looked at which is using different materials to find a way to depict data and to depict place.

无论是文字、字母，还是点、形状，我们都能清晰地看到澳大利亚，正如你所说，把它做成另一张A1尺寸的印刷品会非常棒。

So whether it's words, it's letters, whether it's points or it's shapes and you know it, we can see Australia very clear there but as you said it'd be a super piece to have as another A1 print.

我觉得你得为这些作品申请一些印刷预算了，尼古拉。

You're gonna have to get some print budget for these works I think Nicola.

但这太棒了。

But that's wonderful.

所以这些就是你们各自选出的五件作品。

So those are your respective selections of fives.

我还要求你们另外选出两件他人作品，那些让你特别印象深刻或受到启发的作品。

I asked you also to close off to pick two works of others that you were particularly impressed with or inspired by.

尼古拉，你选了第16天的作品，那天的主题是‘销售’，作品由许多小的离散单元或网络组成。

Nicola, you picked one from day 16, which for which the theme was sell, something composed of small discrete units or networks.

是的。

Yeah.

当我看到这张地图时，我非常喜欢。

So I absolutely love this map when I saw it.

这是一张英国地表水的地图，每个网格单元中的地表水量都用一个小雨滴的样式来表示。

So it's a map of surface water in The UK and each sort of grid cell with the amount of surface water is represented by a sort of little raindrop style.

我想我喜爱这张地图有两个原因。

And I guess there are two reasons why I love this map.

首先，它非常简约，整体非常干净。

First of all it is very minimalist, it's sort of very clean.

我并不是为了简约而喜欢简约，但我觉得在这里它非常有效。

I don't love minimalism for the sake of minimalism, but I think it's really effective here.

我喜欢这张地图的另一个原因是，它的风格和主题与数据的内容高度契合。

The other reason I love this map is because styling and the theming of the map matches the topic of the data.

这是一张关于地表水的地图，所以我们看到了地表水！

It's a map about surface water so you have We see surface water!

它的效果之所以如此出色，是因为你的大脑在真正思考、阅读文字或仔细观察之前，就已经理解了地图所表达的内容。

And it's so effective because your brain sort of understands the map and what's going on before you actually think about it or read the text or really see it.

你只是本能地知道这是一张什么地图，所以它不仅美观，而且非常有效，我认为这对我来说是两者完美结合的典范。

Just you know instinctively what it's a map of so it's just is very aesthetic but it's also very effective and I think that's just it's a really nice combination of those two things for me.

完全正确。

Absolutely.

不。

No.

我觉得这是一个非常棒的选择。

I think it's a really nice selection.

这是由史蒂夫·费尔·恩布拉制作的，如果我没猜错的话，史蒂夫是来自爱丁堡的苏格兰人。

That was produced by Steve Fair Enbra, which if I know my Scottish is Steve from Edinburgh.

但是的，正如你所说，它确实很简约，但并不是出于某种晦涩的偏好，而是仅仅为了在英国展现地表水所需的全部要素。

But yeah it's a little bit as you said it is minimalist but not through some kind of obscure desire but it's just, it's all you need to depict service water in, in Great Britain.

所以，这真是一个很棒的选择，接下来安斯加尔，你的最后一个选择是另一张基于文字和地名的地图。

So yeah that's a lovely choice and then Ansgar your final choice is another map based on words and place names.

是的。

Yeah.

这是由亚历山德罗·梅迪纳制作的地图。

It's a map created by Alexandre Medina.

主题是改造，他实际上将自己早先创作的一张地图进行了改进，使其变得更加有力。

And so the topic was makeover, and he actually changed a map he created earlier to, I think, an even more powerful one.

这是一张欧洲地图，采用了大陆熟悉的形状，但并没有使用典型的地形图元素，而是全部用文字排版来构成各种形状。

So it's a map of Europe in the familiar shape of the continent and adding the things that you know, but rather of using the typical elements of a topographic map, all the shapes are made by typography.

所以陆地是由主要城市的名字构成的。

So the land masses, they are formed by the major city names.

而且它们的位置也大致符合实际地理位置。

And they are also more or less located to their actual location.

此外，城市名称是用当地语言书写的，我认为这也能让我们更好地理解欧洲的文化和文化多样性。

And as another layer, the city names, they are written in the local language, which I think also gives us this understanding of culture as well and cultural diversity in Europe.

最后，水域也是用海洋的名称来标注的。

And then finally, water, the seas are also named by the names of the seas.

我真的觉得这是一个非常有创意的想法。

And I really think this is such a creative idea.

为什么原始地图要用拉丁文占位符文本来构成陆地和水域呢？

And why is it makeover the original map used Lorem Ipsum text to form the land masses and the water bodies?

但在这里，我认为将这些名称巧妙地安排出来，并找到与较小形状相匹配的名称，才是真正高级的处理方式。

But here, I think it's really next level placing all of these names and finding names that also then fit like smaller shapes.

比如吸引我注意的是，西西里岛被写成了‘卡利亚里’。

So like caught my eye, you have like Sicily and it's Callari.

比如，它只用两行文字来模拟西西里的形状，或者在冰岛用三个地名来构成那种形状，而不仅仅是用‘雷克雅未克’。

It's only like written in two lines, for instance, to kind of resemble the shape of Sicily or like three place names in Iceland, for instance, to kind of come up with that shape and not just Reykjavik.

真的非常迷人。

Really, really fascinating.

而且，你还使用了不同的语言和不同的字母表，来展现欧洲大陆的多样性。

And again, you have also like different languages and different alphabets as well to show the diversity of the continent.

这是另一个方面，我觉得你只能想象在数据准备过程中设计了多少规则——比如，如果一个词长度是这样，就缩短成这么多字母，但又不能太短。我认为这其中投入的思考简直不可思议。不过你说得对，最终的作品，我能想象亚历山大完成时一定有个欣喜的时刻：‘哦，成功了！’

That's another piece where I think you can only just imagine the amount of rules that were designed into the, the data preparation you know, if word is of this length then shorten it to this number of letters but not this short, so that the amount of thinking that's gone into it I think is incredible but you're right the, the final work, I mean, I can only imagine when Alexander meant this, there must have been a joyful moment of, oh, it's worked.

看看这个。

Look at that.

这就是欧洲，这些是你预期的其他地方。

That is Europe and the these are other places that you expect.

所以，再次，另一个绝妙的选择。

So once again, another lovely choice.

我们已经走完了你们各自的五个加一。

We've reached the end of your five plus ones respectively.

所以，最后我要对所有观看或收听的朋友们说，我们会在节目笔记末尾提供这些作品的链接。

So closing things off and I should say to everyone watching or listening, we'll put links to all these works in the show notes at the end.

但先回顾一下2025年这个特定年份的挑战，以及更广泛的意义，我先听听尼古拉你的看法。

But just reflecting on the challenge of this particular year 2025, but also in general, I'll come to you first Nicola.

对你来说，这感觉怎么样？

You know, how was it for you?

从你自己的作品中，你汲取了哪些经验？又从他人的创作中看到了什么？

What are the things that you kind of drew from it from your own work but perhaps of what you saw being created by others?

你最核心的反思是什么？

What are your sort of headline reflections?

对我来说，今年最大的挑战就是做些有趣的事情，我确实制作了不少地图，从中学习了很多关于数据处理、编写函数或背后代码的知识。

I think for me this year the challenge I really want to focus on like doing fun things and I think I made quite a few maps that I learned a lot about you know data processing or writing functions or writing code behind it.

你最终可能会得到一张很简单、很有趣，或者在很多情况下并不一定实用的地图。

You you might end up with a map that's quite simple or quite fun, or in many cases not necessarily that useful.

但这个学习过程对我来说非常有价值。

But the sort of learning process behind it was really useful for me.

所以对我来说，这并不总是关于创作最完美的地图、最出色的设计，或仅仅专注于设计，而是同时也能学到其他东西。

So I think that for me that it's not always about creating the absolute best map or the best design or focusing just on design, it's about the other things you can learn as well at the same time.

这对我来说非常关键，我觉得。

So that was really key for me, I think.

我也觉得，只要把作品公开出来，就会带来一种额外的自信，比如建立一个公开的作品集，来展示你的审美、思维过程或风格。

And I feel also that there is that extra confidence that comes from just putting work out there, you know, having a public portfolio of work to demonstrate your, demonstrate your sensibility or demonstrate your thought process or your flair.

正如你所说，可能并非所有30件作品都能成为世界级的杰作，但你至少尝试了，并在过程中有所收获。

And as you said, it might not be that all 30 works end up being world class pieces, but you've tried something, you've learned something as a process.

安斯加，我想你也有类似的体会吧。

Ansgar, I guess, similar sort of reflections from yourself.

我真的很能理解尼古拉刚才说的。

I can really relate to what Nicola just said.

是的。

Yeah.

而且在之前的几年里，我总能在十月提示发布后不久就创作出一些地图。

And also, so the years before, I was always able to kind of create some maps already in October when the prompts are published.

这次我真的从11月1日才开始。

This time I really started November 1.

所以我不急于追求制作最多的地图数量。

And so I wasn't eager to get to a maximum number of maps.

但正如你所说，尼古拉，要享受这个过程。

But as you said, Nicola, have fun with it.

同时，也要对自己发布的内容负责。

And also again, be responsible of what you put out.

我认为，尤其是地图，这一点和图表不同，地图有一种‘你在这里’的在场感。

I think because especially maps and that's I think different to charts in these maps, have like this, you are here thing.

你发布的内容至少会与某个人的处境相关。

And you publish something that somehow relates to at least one person's situation.

这会影响你如何选择措辞、颜色以及你能加入的任何其他元素。

And it somehow affects how you choose wording, color, whatever elements you can put in there.

所以我也觉得，我不会把我创作的所有东西都发布出去。

So I also felt like, okay, I'm not going to put everything out that I create.

我有一些项目在某个时候被我放弃了，没有发布，因为我对自己产品的准确性不够确定，也没有足够的信心，但即便如此，我仍然学到了不少东西。

And I have some things that I abandoned at some point I didn't publish because I felt like I'm not really sure, or I don't have enough confidence in the accuracy of the product, but still I was able to learn stuff.

也许明年是一个机会，可以一直持续到十一月。

And maybe next year is an opportunity where up until November.

所以今年，11月26日，我有机会重新拾起那段代码。

So this year, November 26, I have the opportunity to take that code.

再次强调，这正是使用像R这样的工具的好处之一。

Again, that's kind of one of the benefits of using something like R.

你可以明年直接拿这段代码，基于它创造出更新的东西。

You can just take that code next year and then create something newer of it.

这对我来说很重要。

And it was important for me.

我仍然在不断学习新东西。

I still learn about stuff.

我仍然有一些主题缺乏背景知识。

I still have some topics that I lack background information.

我觉得，好吧，我需要更多时间。

And I felt like, okay, I need more time.

这并不是说，哦，今天就是这一天了。

It's not like a matter of, oh, this is the day now.

今天就是这个主题了。

This is the topic of the day.

我需要在某个时候把它发布出去。

I need to push it out at some time.

我也觉得，如果有必要，晚一天发布也没关系。

I also felt it was okay to kind of do publish a day later or something if it was needed.

所以我觉得，挑战在于，你需要为自己设定这个挑战。

So I feel like the challenge, you need to make the challenge that is the challenge for yourself.

它可以是你创建的图表数量，比如完成30张地图，或者完成一定数量的图表，或者学习新东西。

It can be the number of charts that you create, get all the 30 maps or get a certain number of charts, accomplish that or learn new stuff.

从我的角度来看，你可以为自己设计挑战，并把这些提示当作灵感。

You can basically, from my point of view, design the challenge for yourself and take these prompts as an inspiration.

是的。

Yeah.

从中获取你想要的东西。

Get out of it what you want to get out of it.

是的，太棒了。

Yeah wonderful.

非常感谢你们两位分享你们精彩的作品，并详细阐释了‘30天地图挑战’究竟是怎样的。

Well thank you both ever so much for going through your wonderful works and for illuminating those in terms of what the thirty Day Map Challenge looks like.

今年我可能会尝试一下，也许先悄悄地做，明年再正式公开参与，但真的非常感谢你们两位，也感谢所有观众和听众，我们很快再见，下一期《探索与解释》再见，再见。

I might give it a go this year I might do it in the shadows and then maybe next year I'll, I'll come out into the well but that's been wonderful thank you both so much and thank you to all the viewers and listeners and see you again soon for another episode of Explore Explain, bye for now.

要了解有关本期节目的更多信息，包括提及的关键网站和资源链接，请访问我的网站 visualisingdata.com。

To see more information about today's episode including some links to key sites and resources mentioned, please visit my website at visualisingdata.com.

在这里，你还可以找到关于我的书籍、我的公开和私人培训课程的详细信息，以及超过十年的博客文章。

Here you'll also be able to find details about my book, information about my public and private training courses as well as over a decade of blog posts.

如果你喜欢这个系列，请考虑点赞、订阅并分享给更多人。

If you've enjoyed this series, please consider liking, subscribing and spreading the word.

下次见。

See you next time.