苏普里娅·奈尔在2025年夏季全国赛现场亮相，带来神经围栏更新

所以我们现在正在密尔沃基现场直播2025年夏季全国锦标赛，我再次邀请到了斯坦福在线高中三年级学生、三剑种击剑运动员、Neurofencing项目的创始人苏丽娅·奈尔。

So we are here live at Summer Nationals twenty twenty five in Milwaukee, and I'm back with Supriya Nair, who is a junior at Stanford Online High School, three weapon fencer, and the creator of Neurofencing.

她之前已经上过这个播客几次了。

She's been on the podcast a couple times before.

Neurofencing这个项目旨在回答每个运动员至少想过一次的简单问题：良好的热身真的能让你在击剑中更快、更出色吗？

Neurofencing is a project that answers a simple question that every athlete has thought about at least once, which is, does a good warm up really make you faster and better at fencing?

对吧？

Right?

你最初在自家车库用一些廉价的传感器把自己连上，两年后，你已经在大型医院和大学实验室收集数据，使用更高端的设备从数百种不同方式追踪弓步和反应时间。

So you started by wiring yourself up with some cheap centers in your garage and then two years later you're collecting data at major hospitals and university labs and using much higher end gear to track lunges and reaction times in hundreds of different ways.

而你的求知欲甚至没有就此停止，对吧？

And then your curiosity doesn't even stop there, right?

所以你最新的研究在西雅图儿童医院进行，关注大脑深处最微小的血管，对吧？

So your newest study at Seattle Children's Hospital is looking at the tiniest blood vessels deep in the brain, right?

你正在研究这些深层血管与靠近表面的血管有何不同，并希望在2025年神经科学会议上分享这些成果，对吧？

And how those differ from those near the surface and you're going to be hopefully sharing those at the Neuroscience twenty twenty five meeting, right?

所以，在我们这次最新的对话中——这已经成为一种年度传统——我们将谈谈你最近的经历，也许你能用通俗易懂的英语给我讲清楚，然后重点介绍一下你最近在忙什么。

So, in our latest conversation here in this what's becoming an annual tradition, we're going to talk about where you've been, maybe you can simplify it for me in plain English so I understand and then highlight what you've been up to lately.

嘿，苏丽娅。

So, hey, Supriya.

欢迎再次做客播客。

Welcome back on the podcast.

是的。

Yeah.

我们每年都能这样做真是太好了。

It's great that we're doing this annually.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

这在这里正逐渐成为一种相当重要的传统。

It's it's becoming quite a tradition here.

只是地点变了，没错。

Just, the the location changes Yeah.

而且你的研究范围扩大了，对吧？

And your research has expanded, right?

但我认为这对刚了解你、刚认识你的人很有帮助。

But I think it's helpful for those who are just learning about you, just meeting you.

什么是神经击剑？这个想法最初是怎么产生的？

What is neurofencing and what sparked this idea in the first place?

是的，神经击剑是一个将击剑运动与神经科学结合起来的研究领域。

Yeah, so neurofencing is an area of research that brings together the sport of fencing and neuroscience.

我自己就是一名击剑运动员。

I am a fencer myself.

所以自然地，我选择了击剑作为研究的运动项目。

So naturally, I chose fencing to be the sport of interest.

而且我对神经科学非常热衷。

And I'm very passionate about neuroscience.

我非常喜欢。

I love it.

这是我的兴趣领域。

It's my area of interest.

这个想法诞生于2021年，那正是新冠疫情最严重的时候。

The idea for it came in 2021, which was kind of the peak of COVID time.

嗯。

Mhmm.

当时所有的击剑俱乐部都关闭了，比赛也基本没有了。

And so all the fencing clubs were shut down, competitions were not really there.

我们试图在家重现击剑训练。

And we were trying to recreate fencing training at home.

在那个过程中，热身练习基本上就丢失了。

So warm up routines were kind of lost in that process.

至少对我来说是这样。

At least they were lost for me.

所以当我回来时，状态已经生疏了，不得不慢慢重新适应比赛环境。

So when I came back, I was very rusty and started slowly getting used to the competitive environment again.

这让我开始思考：自从那段时间以来，我其实一直没有做热身。

And this made me wonder about, okay, since this time period, I haven't really been warming up.

那么热身对击剑运动到底有什么影响呢？

So what is really the effect of warming up on fencing?

没错。

Right.

教练们总是告诉我们，在比赛前一定要热身。

And the coaches tell you to warm up when we do do it all the time before a competition.

但除了教练建议我们这么做之外，我们为什么要热身呢？

But why do we do it besides the fact that the coaches recommend us to do it?

实际上，这方面的定量数据非常缺乏。

There isn't really any quantitative data behind it.

所以，这就是我想填补的空白。

So that was what I wanted to fill.

所以我开始使用类似后院大脑的小型肾上腺设备，有人

So I started using backyard brains like small adrenal kits, which Someone

你可以在线购买。

you could buy online.

对吧？

Right?

嗯。

Yeah.

嗯。

Yeah.

是的。

Yes.

我给自己贴上电极，开始观察肌肉、心脏和大脑的电活动，这些活动可以用任何数字设备捕捉到。

And I attached electrodes to myself and I began working and looking at activity in the muscles, heart and the brain, electrical activity, which you can capture on any digital device.

于是我开始研究热身对击剑的影响。

So I started looking at the effect of warming up prior to fencing.

所以我会在假想目标上做大约10次弓步，五次热身，五次不热身。

So I would do about 10 lunges or so on a dummy target, five with warm up and five without.

这些会在不同的日子进行。

And this would be on separate days.

我观察到表现提升了大约18%左右。

And I saw that there was a performance improvement of about 18% or so.

所以这是你能实际测量到的东西吗？

So something you could actually measure?

是的。

Yes.

哪些方面得到了提升？

What was improved?

比如，什么

Like, what

你观察到了哪些可测量的指标？

measurables did you see?

测量了从开始处于预备姿势到完成弓步所用的时间。

Measured the time that it would take for you to start in an on guard position and finish a lunge.

啊，

Ah,

好的。

okay.

所以我们测量的就是这个时间。

So that time was what we were measuring.

而变量显然是我们是否进行了热身。

And the variable was obviously whether we warmed up or not.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

我们发现热身后，这个时间减少了。

That was what we saw decrease after we did the warm up.

然而，我之前只在自己身上做过这个实验。

However, this I had only done it on myself.

所以这并不是一个具有统计显著性的样本。

So it wasn't really a statistically significant sample.

因此，当我2022年第一次和你分享我的发现时，

So once I had shared my findings in 2022 when we first spoke

嗯。

Mhmm.

我有机会在西奈山能力研究中心重复我的实验，这让我能够以多个受试者为对象，并使用更高质量的设备。

I got the chance to replicate my experiments at the Mount Sinai Abilities Research Lab, which was a great opportunity for me to do it with multiple subjects and to use higher quality equipment.

对。

Right.

我想我在2023年的对话中已经谈了很多这个，但我当时用得更多了。

And so I think I spoke a lot about this in our 2023 conversation, but I used a lot more.

我使用了无线肌电图传感器来测量肌肉活动。

I used wireless EMG sensors to measure muscle activity.

因此，对于击剑运动员来说，相比我之前使用的电线，移动起来要容易得多。

So it was much easier for the fencer to move around versus the wires I had been using previously.

对。

Right.

这是我第一次使用脑电图帽来测量大脑活动。

And it was the first time I used an EEG cap to measure brain activity.

因此，我们在大脑上放置了八个电极来测量脑活动。

So we had eight electrodes on the brain to measure brain activity.

从那里，我们得到了类似的结果：在热身之后，击剑运动员完成弓步所需的时间减少了大约10%。

So from there, we got similar results in that after warming up, the time that it took for the fencers to complete a lunge decreased by about 10% or so.

这很棒，因为它与我研究的第一阶段结果一致。

So that was great in that it aligned with my first initial phase of the research.

对。

Right.

然后，在纽约这段经历的末尾，我尝试使用了一些开源的人体性能模型，比如OpenPose。

Then towards the end of that New York experience, I had tried using human performance models that are open source, like OpenPose, for example.

我尝试估算身体各关节的位置。

And I tried estimating the positions of joints on the body.

你会将视频输入这些模型，然后它会为你估算出这些位置。

And so you would feed these models a video, and then it would estimate those positions for you.

但它的准确度并不高。

And it wasn't very accurate.

因此，我想基于这一点开展我的下一阶段工作。

So I wanted to base my next phase off of that.

我想找到一种更准确的方法来表示关节的位置，并更加关注关节。

So I wanted to find a more accurate way of representing where the joints were and focus more on the joints.

嗯。

Mhmm.

于是，我获得了另一个机会，与华盛顿大学核心实验室的斯科特·特尔弗合作。

So that's when I got another opportunity to work with Scott Telfer at the University of Washington's Core Lab.

它离我很近，所以我很容易往返于实验室。

It was quite local for me, so it was pretty easy for me to commute to the lab and back.

对。

Right.

你是在西雅图训练的吗？

And You you train out of Seattle.

对吗？

Right?

是的。

Yes.

我以西雅图为基地。

I'm based out of Seattle.

嗯。

Mhmm.

实验室配备了完整的动作捕捉系统。

And the lab was equipped with the full motion capture system.

这给了我另一个机会学习如何使用动作捕捉。

So that was another opportunity for me to learn how to use motion capture.

我能够获得一个相当大的样本量。

And I was able to get a pretty large sample size.

大约有50名来自西北地区的击剑运动员前来参与我们的研究，我对此非常感激。

About 50 fencers from the Northwest came and volunteered for our study, which I'm very grateful for.

所以，所有正在收听的西北地区击剑运动员，非常感谢你们的参与。

So all the Northwest fencers that are listening, I thank you very much for joining.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

所以我能够做到，所以你有

So I was able to So you have

更好的设备和更多的击剑运动员。

better equipment and more fencers.

那么，当你不仅使用测力台，还用三维摄像记录时，你希望发现什么呢？

So what were you hoping to find there when you were not only using force plates, but also filming them in three d, right?

所以

So

我希望准确了解人们在做弓步或前进弓步时，对优势脚施加的力有多大。

I was hoping to find exactly how much force people were applying on their dominant foot whenever they would do a lunge or advanced lunge.

是的。

Yeah.

我还想看看这两种武器之间是否存在差异。

And I wanted to see if there was any weapon specific differences between the two of them.

好的。

Okay.

我发现佩剑运动员产生的地面反作用力相对于自身体重最大。

And I found that sabre fencers tended to produce the most ground reaction force relative to their body weight.

这有点

It kind

合情合理。

of makes sense.

对吧？

Right?

当你

When you

想到花剑的爆发力时。

think about the explosiveness of sabre.

有道理。

Makes sense.

嗯。

Yeah.

而且我们希望将所有数据都根据个人体重进行标准化，因为如果你只看一个显示最大力约为1600牛顿的图表，

And we wanted to normalize everything to the person's body weight because if you were to just look at a process chart that says, like, the top force was about 1,600 newtons.

嗯。

Mhmm.

我们很难理解1600牛顿意味着什么。

It's very difficult for us to comprehend what 1,600 newtons is.

嗯。

Yeah.

我完全不知道。

I have no clue.

你本来可以直接说16,000或者

You could have just said 16,000 or

嗯。

Yeah.

16，然后

16 and then

我们也不确定，这到底有多大作用力。

We're not we're not sure, like, how much force is that.

嗯。

Yeah.

所以当你说到，假设一个人体重约130磅

So when you say, take a person who might weigh, say, a hundred and thirty pounds

对。

Right.

那么你可以说，这是他们体重的五倍。

Then you could say it is, like, five times their body weight.

明白了。

Got it.

相比于说1600牛顿，五倍体重似乎更容易让人理解我们所讨论的内容。

Which could make more sense compared to say saying sixteen hundred newtons, five times your weight seems like a more easier way to communicate what it is that we're talking about.

我们发现的主要问题是，不同人施加在地面上的力存在差异。

That was the main thing that we found was that there was differences between the amount of force people were putting on the ground.

特别是，花剑运动员施加的力最大，其次是重剑运动员，然后是佩剑运动员。

Notably, the sabre fencers tended to exert the most force and then the foil fencers and then the FA fencers.

然后我们还分析了关节角度，这正是录像和三维分析发挥作用的地方。

And then we also looked at the joint angle, which was where the filming and three d came in.

嗯。

Mhmm.

所以我们用了大约60个标记点，这些只是小型的、无需电池的标记，用双面胶贴在身上。

So we had about 60 markers, which are just small non battery powered markers that we stick on using double sided tape.

这些标记点可以

And so these allow

让我们获得动作捕捉的视频。

us like motion capture movies.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yes.

所以人们可能想象过，比如一些名人或特技演员穿着这些设备的样子。

So people probably have a visual of, like, you know, some some of these celebrities or stunt people wearing them.

好的。

Okay.

明白了。

Gotcha.

是的。

Yeah.

我们没有把摄像头对准他们的脸部，而是过去使用了大约60个这样的

We don't have the camera in front of their face, but instead, we used to have about 60 of these

好的。

Okay.

先贴在身体上的标记点。

On the body that we attach first.

他们要做五次深蹲和五次进阶深蹲。

And they do about five lunges and five advanced lunges.

在这段时间里，我们会从他们下方的测力板获取力的数据。

So during that time period, we get the force data from the force plates below them.

是的。

Yeah.

但我们也通过这些标记点获取关节数据。

But we also get joint data from the markers that we attach.

因此我们可以看到他们的关节是如何运动的，或者关节运动的速度。

So we can see as to say the angle of which their joints are moving or how fast their joints are moving.

所以我们主要关注的是关节角度。

So the main thing we've been looking at is joint angles.

到目前为止，我们发现——我想去年我也讨论过这个，但没错。

And what we've found so far is, I think last year I also discussed this, but Yeah.

去年我们特别关注了膝关节角度。

We specifically focused on knee angles last year.

我们发现，膝盖最初处于屈曲位置，然后会伸展一段时间。

And we found that the knee starts at a flexed position and then extends for a period of time.

嗯。

Mhmm.

这一点对我们来说非常明显，因为当我们做弓步时，你会把腿伸出去。

And that's quite obvious to us because when we're doing a lunge, you kick your leg out.

显然，你的腿会处于伸展状态。

And obviously, your leg is going to be extended.

是的。

Yeah.

因此，你的膝盖也会伸展。

So therefore, your knee is gonna be extended too.

对。

Right.

这说得通。

That makes sense.

当你落地时，膝盖会有一个弯曲的过程，这在我们做弓步动作时非常明显。

And then when you land, there is a period of bending your knee, which is obvious to us when we're doing this lunge technique.

因此，这就是我们观察到的模式：当人完成弓步后前脚着地时，在优势脚触地到弓步结束之间，存在一段屈曲阶段。

So that's the pattern that we saw in that from the when the person lands their front foot after they've started their lunge, that there's a period of flexion between the time that their dominant foot hits the ground and when they end the lunge.

所以，这主要是我们关注的重点。

So that's mainly what we've been focusing on.

重要的是，我们该如何预防膝关节受伤？

And the important thing is how do we prevent injury from happening to the knee joint?

对。

Right.

所以因为有大量力量，牛顿数越多，对吧？

I So Because there's lot of force and the more newtons, right?

作用在膝盖上的牛顿力越大，受伤的可能性就越高，对吧？

More newtons of force that are going on that knee, the more likely there is to be an injury, right?

是的。

Yeah.

那里有多个因素在起作用，但你说的角度也起着一定作用。

There's a number of factors at play there, but the angle you're saying also plays a part in

对。

that.

嗯。

Mhmm.

好的。

Okay.

所以教练建议你保持膝盖在脚踝上方，有时他们会用鞋带作为标记。

So the coaches recommend that you keep your knee above your ankle or sometimes they use a shoelace as a marker.

所以如果它超过的话

So if it goes So

你没有伸展膝盖

you're not extending the knee

是的。

Yeah.

当超过那个点时。

Beyond that point when okay.

我明白了。

I gotcha.

所以如果它超过脚趾，例如，嗯。

So if it goes beyond your toe, for example Uh-huh.

那就是一个危险信号，可能会导致受伤。

Then that's a red flag for and that could be injury prone.

这会使膝盖更容易受伤。

That could make the knee injury prone.

对。

Right.

但另一种方式，实际上是通过过度屈曲，就是你降低你的重心。

But another way you can do it actually over flexing is if you basically lower your center of mass.

所以如果你直接往垫子上蹲下去，你的大腿会前移，髋部也会低于膝盖。

So if you just fall down on the strip, then your thigh tends to go and your hip tends to go lower than your knee.

但你的膝盖仍然在脚踝上方。

But your knee is still above your ankle.

对。

Right.

但你的髋部是

But your hip is

确认了这一点，但现在你已经

checked that box, but now you've

造成了另一个不同的问题。

created a different a different problem.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

所以不是膝关节本身会引发问题。

So it's not the knee joint itself that is going to, you know, cause problems.

而是它周围的肌腱。

It's the tendons around it.

因为关节周围有这么多肌腱和韧带。

Because around the joint, there are all these tendons and ligaments.

尤其是在膝盖，比如你有前交叉韧带（ACL）。

And especially in the knee, you have the ACL, for example.

是的。

Yeah.

这些肌腱负责控制这些关节的屈伸动作。

So those are the ones that are managing the flexion and extension of these joints.

嗯。

Mhmm.

你越拉扯它们，这些肌腱就越会疼痛。

So the more you strain them, the more these tendons are gonna hurt.

在一些严重的情况下，它们甚至可能撕裂。

And, potentially, they could possibly tear in some severe cases.

所以

So

嗯。

Yeah.

我们之前稍微谈了一下SABER。

So we talked a little bit about SABER.

当你查看这些慢动作数据和运动捕捉数据时，有没有什么特别让你注意到FOIL和epi的地方？

Can you can you say if anything jumped out with, like, FOIL and epi when you were looking at, you know, these kind of slow motion numbers and motion capture data?

是的。

Yeah.

总的来说，佩剑在地面施加的力比重剑更大。

So foil was generally greater than epee in terms of force exerted on the ground.

好的。

Okay.

但在关节角度方面，模式非常相似。

But in terms of joint angles, the pattern was pretty similar.

这是因为弓步技术通常是相同的。

And that is because the lunge usually, the lunge technique is the same.

也就是说，你从预备姿势开始，然后腿部伸展。

In that, you start in the on guard position and then your leg extends.

一旦前脚落地，它又会再次弯曲。

And then as soon as you land the front foot, it flexes again

嗯。

Mhmm.

所以你的膝盖要正好在脚踝正上方，而不是更靠前。

So that your knee comes right above your ankle and not above that.

关于这一点，三种武器之间没有太大差异。

So regarding that, there wasn't much difference between across the three weapons.

我们看到了相似的模式。

We saw a similar pattern.

好的。

Okay.

但通常，我们再次强调同一个观点：某些角度，尤其是我们之前提到的脚踝内翻或膝盖过度弯曲，无论使用哪种武器，都是危险的。

But, usually, we're again emphasizing the same point that certain angles, especially like the ones we spoke about about rolling your ankle inwards or over flexing the knee, these are hazardous regardless of what weapon you fence.

嗯。

Mhmm.

尤其是脚踝内翻，这在三种武器中都很常见。

Especially the ankle rolling is something we see across all three weapons.

这不仅仅是佩剑或花剑的问题。

It's not just saber or foil problem.

对。

Right.

因为你知道，人们都想得分。

Because, you know, people want to score.

所以困难的部分在于，意识到自己确实在做这些动作，然后开始纠正它们。

So the difficult part is, you know, noticing that you're actually doing these things and then starting to correct them.

说实话，我还没能成功纠正它们。

To be honest, I have not successfully corrected them yet.

嗯。

Yeah.

我仍在努力将我的学习成果应用到我的击剑中。

I'm still working on applying my own learnings to my fencing.

对。

Right.

脚踝内翻对我来说是个大问题。

And the ankle rolling is a pretty big problem for me.

所以，除了磨坏鞋子外，这还会在未来导致脚踝问题。

So besides tearing your shoes, it'll also create ankle problems in the future.

是的。

Yeah.

所以，对所有正在听的击剑运动员来说，请留意自己何时在滚动脚踝或给关节造成压力，并尽量避免这种情况。

So to all the fencers listening, please try and notice when you're rolling your ankles or when you're causing some strain on your joints and try to avoid that as best you can.

也许可以找别的方法来得分。

Find another way to get that touch maybe.

是的。

Yeah.

当你向击剑运动员、教练和其他人谈论这些时，你们用的是同样的语言，但你也在一些面向完全不懂击剑的人的会议上做过分享。

When you're talking about this to, you know, fencers and coaches and others, you're speaking the same language, but you also have presented this at conferences in front of people who don't know anything about fencing.

对吧？

Right?

那么，你是如何向别人解释这项运动的呢？

So how do you find yourself explaining the sport?

因为我认为，在介绍你所做的研究之前，你必须先给他们简要介绍一下这项运动。

Because I assume you have to kind of give them a rundown on the sport itself before you can even get into the research that you've done.

是的，我演讲的对象，尤其是会议上的听众，大多数都没听说过击剑。

Yeah, most people that I present to, especially at conferences, have not heard of fencing.

对。

Right.

也许

So Maybe

他们只在电影里见过。

they've seen it in a movie or something.

是的。

Yeah.

或者在奥运会上见过。

Or in the Olympics.

但通常，我得解释一下，好吧。

But, generally, I have to explain that, okay.

这项运动是击剑。

The sport is fencing.

我们有三种武器：花剑、重剑和佩剑，然后简要介绍每种武器的规则。

We have three weapons, foil at Veinsaber, and then briefly touch on the rules of each weapon.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

解释一下预备姿势，以及我们如何做弓步。

And explain the position of or what our on guard position is and how we do a lunge.

对。

Yep.

我通常会向他们演示弓步的动作。

Usually, I'll demonstrate it to them how the lunge is.

这样他们就能大致理解动作的幅度范围。

That way they get that kind of idea as to what the range of motion is.

但我

But I

我特别喜欢你那个画面，你知道的，在这个展览大厅中间做弓步。

Which I love that visual of you, like, you know, doing a lunge in the middle of this, like, you know, exhibit hall.

是的。

Yeah.

在我海报前面，

In front of my poster with

是的。

Yeah.

周围有50张其他海报，我正在做弓步。

50 other posters, I'm doing a lunge.

对。

Right.

对。

Right.

大家都说：那边到底在搞什么？

Everyone's like, what is going on over there?

这真是

This is

是啊。

Yeah.

这很有趣。

That's funny.

但实际上，在这些会议上做展示非常有趣

But it's been really fun actually presenting at these conferences

是啊。

Yeah.

因为我从那些在关节领域做了更具体研究的研究人员那里得到了很多反馈。

Because I've gotten a lot of feedback from researchers who have done more specific work on joints.

所以这是一次很棒的经历。

So that's been a great experience.

偶尔我也会遇到一些以前练过击剑的人。

And occasionally I do run into people who have fenced before.

遇到前击剑手总是很有趣。

That's always a fun treat when you run into ex fencers.

在你最新的项目中，你正在研究大脑中的血管。

For your newest project, you're studying blood vessels in the brain.

可以，呃。

Can you Yeah.

能给我讲讲吗？

Tell me about that?

比如，是什么吸引你研究这个领域的？

Like, what what drew you to that?

如果你能用非常简单的语言给我解释清楚，让我完全明白你在研究什么，那就太好了。

And, you know, if you can put it in brilliant terms, in very simple terms for me so I can know exactly what you're researching.

嗯。

Yeah.

这其实是一个非常有趣的故事，因为两年前我正前往参加神经科学2023会议。

So this was actually a very interesting story because I was actually traveling to the neuroscience twenty twenty three conference two years ago.

在飞机上坐我旁边的是安迪·石博士，他现在是我这个项目的导师。

And next to me on the plane was doctor Andy Shi, who's my current mentor for this project now.

所以他向我介绍了很多关于我们大脑中微小血管的知识。

So he was showing me a lot about the small blood vessels that we have in the brain.

等等。

Wait.

你上飞机前根本不认识他吗？

This was someone you didn't know before getting on that plane?

或者

Or

是的。

Yeah.

一个我不认识的人

Someone I didn't know

这太疯狂了。

That is before crazy.

好的。

Okay.

继续说。

Go ahead.

对不起。

Sorry.

所以他整个飞行途中都向我展示了这些血管是如何工作的。

So he showed me for the entire plane ride just how these blood vessels would work.

是的。

Yeah.

还有这些血管的视频。

And then videos of these blood vessels.

我当时就想，这太酷了。

And I'm like, this is so cool.

嗯。

Mhmm.

所以，他给我做了一个关于血管的小型讲座。

So I ended up, you know, getting a small mini lecture from him about blood vessels.

这激发了我的兴趣，因为一直以来我都在从事与我热爱的击剑运动相关的应用研究。

And that kind of, like, sparked my interest because all this time I had been working on applied research with the sport that I love, fencing.

对。

Right.

我还为舞蹈做过类似的研究。

And I'd done it for dancing too.

我为武术也做过。

I've done it for martial arts as well.

所以我想摆脱应用研究，转向更偏向神经科学的研究。

So I wanted to kind of move on from applied research and transition to more neuroscience related research.

嗯。

Yep.

所以这是一个我看到的有趣机会。

So that was a fun opportunity for me that I saw.

所以我当然接受了。

So I took it, of course.

现在我们正在研究大脑中的血管。

And right now we're working on looking at the blood vessels in the brain.

好的。

Okay.

在大脑中，你有两种不同类型的组织。

So in the brain, you have two different types of tissue in the brain.

一种叫做灰质。

One is called gray matter.

它被称为灰质，是因为在成像时通常是灰色的。

It's called gray because it's usually gray when you image it.

另一部分叫做白质，同样也是因为这个原因。

And the other section is called white matter, again, for the same reason.

好的。

Okay.

这两者的区别在于，白质区域通常集中在大脑更深层的位置。

So the difference between the two is that the white matter area is usually concentrated deeper in the brain.

所以如果你切开大脑，是的。

So if you were to cut open a brain Yeah.

通常在大脑的中心区域就是所有白质结构所在的地方。

Usually near the center of the brain is where all the white matter structures are.

好的。

Okay.

而这些区域的血管通常非常少。

And those tend to have very few blood vessels.

我们仍在研究为什么会这样。

We're still researching as to why this is the case.

但尽管血管较少，它仍然能够正常运作。

But yet with fewer blood vessels, it's still able to function.