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柠檬水。
Lemonada.
我知道人人都说爱自己的家，但我真的特别爱我的家。
I know everyone says they love their home, but I really love my home.
我们添置的每一件东西，都在讲述我们的故事——从挂在墙上的旧报纸，到那套百年老家具。
Every piece that we add says something about who we are, from our old newspapers hanging on the wall to our 100 year old furniture.
我为家里每样物品都体现我们的个性而感到自豪，所以我想要一块能长久使用的地毯。
I take pride knowing that each item in my house says something about us, and I want a rug that will last.
这就是我钟爱Ruggable的原因。
And that's why I love Ruggable.
Ruggable的地毯设计精美，性能出色，完美契合我的生活方式。
Ruggable has design led and performance built rugs that are a perfect addition to my lifestyle.
它耐磨防污，我知道我的Ruggable地毯完全能应付收养的宠物和家人聚餐的日常使用。
It's durable and stain resistant, and I know my Ruggable rug can handle all of my foster pets or hosting dinners with my family.
我喜欢这块地毯，因为它既漂亮，又经得起真实生活的考验。
I love my rug because it's gorgeous, and it's built for real life.
酱汁洒了、爪子弄脏了，再也不用担心弄脏地毯了。
Spilt sauce, muddy paws, messes are no longer an issue.
直接丢进洗衣机就行。
I just throw it in the washer.
对了，我还没说它有多好看呢？
And did I mention it's beautiful?
我一眼就爱上了这款Fresco午夜蓝地毯。
I was personally drawn to the Fresco midnight rug.
深蓝色底配上精美的粉紫色花朵，让我的客厅从可爱直接升级到惊艳。
The dark blue base with gorgeous pink and purple flowers has taken my living room from cute to wow.
上ruggable.com，给你的家换个新样子。
Refresh your home at ruggable.com.
在ruggable.com下单首单立享九折，优惠码forever ago。
Get 10% off your first order site wide with promo code forever ago at ruggable.com.
记得去ruggable.com，结账时输入优惠码forever ago。
That's ruggable.com, and use code forever ago at checkout.
大脑进入宇宙模式。
Brains on universe.
我真想今天聊聊足球。
I can't wait to talk about soccer today.
这是我最爱的运动。
It's my favorite sport.
我也很期待。
I'm excited too.
我这周一直在做功课。
I've been researching all week.
所谓的做功课，其实就是一直在看贝克汉姆的照片。
And by researching, I mostly mean looking at pictures of David Beckham.
这算数吧。
That counts.
对吧？
Right?
总之，我给你准备了个小惊喜。
Anyhoo, I got you a little surprise.
又是你自己的签名照吗？
Is it another autographed picture of you?
你可能不信，但比那还好。
Believe it or not, better than that.
手工贺卡？
A handmade greeting card?
还要更好。
Even better.
闭上眼睛，把手伸出来。
Close your eyes and stick your hands out.
哦，会是什么呀？
Oh, what's it gonna be?
感觉像是两张票。
It feels like a pair of tickets.
睁开眼睛吧。
Open your eyes.
还真是两张票。
It is a pair of tickets.
上面写着世界杯？
They say, World Cup?
你认真的吗？
Are you serious?
我们要去参加全球最大的足球赛事了。
We're going to the biggest international soccer tournament in the world.
不是那个世界杯。
Oh, not that World Cup.
这是世界杯展会的票。
They're for the World Cup convention.
这是全球最大的杯具展会。
It's the biggest drinkware convention around.
你是说那种用来喝水的杯子吗？
You mean like cups you drink out of?
没错。
Exactly.
所以这些票的价格比世界杯足球赛的票便宜多了。
So these tickets were surprisingly much more affordable than the World Cup soccer tickets.
这就解释了为什么票的形状是咖啡杯的样子。
That would explain why the tickets are shaped like coffee cups.
对啊。
Yep.
这是杯子爱好者的展会。
This is the convention for cup lovers.
你会看到各种各样的杯子。
You're gonna see so many kinds of cups.
玻璃杯、塑料杯、可降解杯、带把手的、带杯脚的、带吸管的、适合小口啜饮的、适合蘸着吃的、喝汤用的、装糊状食物的杯子。
Glass cups, plastic cups, compostable cups, cups with handles, cups with stems, cups with straws, cups for sipping, cups for dipping, cups for soup, cups for goop.
杯子用来装糊状物？
Cups for goop?
是的。
Yeah.
你还能用什么装糊状物呢？
Where else are you supposed to keep your goop?
用桶吗？
A bucket?
这太搞笑了。
That's hilarious.
桶不就是个超大号的杯子吗？
What is a bucket but a giant cup?
说得对。
So true.
我有个问题。
One question.
今天我们还聊足球吗？
Are we still going to talk about soccer today?
杯子真是装黏糊糊东西的最佳容器吗？
Are cups the best vessel for goop?
对吧？
Yes?
那不就是肯定了。
Then that's a yes.
没错。
Yeah.
足球节目，马上开播。
Soccer episode, here we come.
你正在收听《远古时光》，隶属于《大脑宇宙》系列。
You're listening to forever ago, part of the brains on universe.
我是主持人乔伊·多洛，今天和我的搭档布鲁克一起，她来自马萨诸塞州的尼德姆。
I'm your host, Joy Dolo, and I'm here today with my cohost, Brooke, from Needham, Massachusetts.
嗨，Brooke。
Hi, Brooke.
嗨，Joy。
Hi, Joy.
今天咱们放松一下，好好聊聊足球。
Today, we're kicking back and talking all about soccer.
Brooke，你之前给我们写过一个问题，关于这个的。
And Brooke, you wrote to us with a question about this.
你还记得你问的是什么吗？
Do you remember your question?
记得。
Yeah.
我想知道足球的历史是怎么来的。
I wanted to know what's the history of soccer?
那是什么让你想到这个问题的？
Well, what got you thinking about that?
从我记事起，足球就是我最喜欢的运动了。
So like, soccer's been my favorite sport for like as long as I can remember.
对。
Mhmm.
我一直都很喜欢足球。
And I've always, you know, just really loved it.
有一天我突然想，我这么爱足球，可它的历史到底是怎样的呢？
But one day, I was just like, I love soccer so much, but what's the history?
我想了解一下它背后的故事。
Like, I wanna know the history behind it.
那你以前踢过足球吗？
So, have you played soccer before?
当然踢过。
Oh, yes.
我从三四岁就开始踢足球了。
I've been playing soccer since I was like three or four years old.
哦，天哪。
Oh, wow.
好多年了。
For a very long time.
是的。
Yeah.
那你喜欢它什么地方？
So what do you like about it?
我特别喜欢团队合作的感觉，而且 obviously，玩起来真的很开心。
I just really like the team concept and well, obviously, it's just really fun.
但有时候我觉得，我脑子转得太快了，而足球的策略能让我慢下来，好好想一想。
But like, sometimes I think, like, my brain goes way too fast and the strategy of it, like, makes me slow down, like, think for a second.
所以它对现实生活中的事情也有帮助。
So it's also like good for, like, real life events.
你赛后有什么特别喜欢吃的零食吗？
Do you have like a favorite post game snack that you like?
是的。
Yeah.
我刚才跟我妈聊过这个。
So I was actually talking about this with my mom.
我超爱奥利奥。
I love Oreos Yeah.
奥利奥。
Oreos.
我不太明白。
I don't
为什么。
know why.
不管赢输，来点甜食就是我最需要的了。
There's like so like like, win or loss, like, sweet treat honestly is just all I need.
对。
Yeah.
是的。
Yeah.
就一点点糖，来点甜头，你知道的？
Just a little bit of sugar, sugar kick, you know?
是的。
Yeah.
你去过职业足球赛吗？
Have you been to any professional soccer games?
去过。
Yes.
我去过两场新英格兰革命队的比赛。
I've been to two New England Revolutions games.
哎呀。
Uh-oh.
那是新英格兰的一支男子足球队。
It's a men's New England soccer team.
好的。
Okay.
走进体育场，看到这一切感觉怎么样？
What was it like going into the arena and seeing everything?
特别大。
It was really big.
那种规模真的让人震惊，简直不可思议。
Like, the sheer size of it was like, I mean, like, it was wild.
是的。
Yeah.
特别喜欢。
Really liked it.
我在大屏幕上看到了自己，天哪。
I was on the Jumbotron, like Oh.
对。
Yeah.
那真的特别有意思。
That really fun.
哦，天哪。
Oh, wow.
看到你的脸，还有那么大的观众席。
Just seeing your face and, like, the big audience.
那确实挺棒的。
That's pretty Yeah.
是啊。
Oh, yeah.
听起来真有意思。
That sounds really fun.
那你踢足球的时候，最喜欢哪个位置？
So when you play soccer, what's your favorite position?
我最喜欢当前锋。
Oh, I love striker.
我的意思就是，我就喜欢直冲球门。
I mean, I just like to go at the goal.
你懂我的意思吧？
You know what I mean?
对。
Yeah.
前锋主要就是负责冲向球门的。
The striker is mainly the one that's, like, going for the goal.
是的。
Yeah.
然后还有边锋，就在前锋两侧活动。
And then there's, like, the wingers, which is, like, the kind of to the sides of the strikers.
嗯，没错。
Mhmm.
中间还有中场。
And there's mid in the middle.
但他们位于进攻和防守之间。
But they're, like, in between the offense and the defense.
他们是中场球员。
They're midfield.
他们经常前插参与进攻，也会回撤防守。
They always like go up for attacking and down for defending.
然后就是后卫。
And then there's defense.
他们一般都留在后场，负责守住球门，防止对方射门。
And they're like, kind of like, stay back and like protect the goal from Yeah.
挡住对方的射门。
Like getting any shots.
明白了。
Okay.
听你这么一说，Brooke，我觉得我都可以直接去踢职业足球了。
I think with your description, Brooke, I think I'm ready to start playing professional lanes of soccer.
是的
Yeah.
对
Yeah.
我准备好去进攻或者防守了。
I'm ready to go strike it out or, you know, defend the offense.
进几个球。
Score some goals.
是的
Yeah.
你了解我的。
You know me.
是的
Yeah.
足球是全球最受欢迎的运动之一，在非洲、亚洲、南美洲和欧洲的大多数国家都位居第一。
Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world, ranking number one in most countries in Africa, Asia, South America, and Europe.
全球注册球员人数估计超过两亿四千万。
It's estimated that there's over 240,000,000 registered players across the globe.
还有数十亿的足球迷呢。
With billions of soccer fans to boot.
但这其实没什么新鲜的。
But there's nothing new about this.
没错。
Right.
几千年来，人类一直踢着球玩。
For thousands of years, humans have kicked balls around for fun.
两千多年前，中国就有一种叫‘蹴鞠’的游戏，意思就是踢球。
Over two thousand years ago in China, there was a game called Sujiu, which translates to kickball.
球员们要踢着皮球，把球踢进场地中央的一个球门。
Players would try to kick a leather ball into one central goal that was in the middle of the field.
和足球一样，不能用手碰球。
Like soccer, you weren't supposed to use your hands.
但和足球不同的是，球不能落地。
But unlike soccer, you couldn't let the ball the ground.
有点像只用脚踢着气球玩不停脚，只不过那时候用的是球。
Kinda like playing keepy uppy with a balloon, but only using your feet.
而且不是气球，是真正的球。
And instead of a balloon, it was a ball.
听起来太难了吧。
That sounds super tricky.
真让人佩服。
I'm impressed.
是的。
Yeah.
我也是。
Me too.
与此同时，中世纪的欧洲流行一种叫民间足球或群众足球的游戏，常常整个镇子的人都参与进来。
So meanwhile, in medieval Europe, there was a game called folk football or mob football, which often involved the whole town.
球门设在城镇或村庄的两端，有时相隔好几英里。
Goal posts were placed on opposite ends of a town or village, sometimes miles apart.
双方球队会不择手段地把球弄到球门那里。
Opposing teams would try to use any means necessary to get the ball to the goalposts.
所谓的球其实是个充气的猪膀胱。
The so called ball was actually an inflated pig bladder.
球员人数没有限制，结果变成了一大群人混战。
There was no limit on the number of players, so it truly became a mob of people.
比赛中的不良行为也几乎没人管。
There was also hardly a limit on bad behavior during the game.
踢、打，甚至咬人，都算合法动作。
Kicking, punching, even biting were fair play.
哎哟。
Ow.
你刚才是不是咬我了？
Did you just bite me?
得了吧。
Oh, come on.
这明显是犯规吧。
That's gotta be a foul.
别怪球员。
Hey, don't hate the player.
怪这游戏本身。
Hate the game.
这叫群殴式足球。
This here is mob football.
你还指望怎样？
What do you expect?
历史上，许多不同文化都玩过踢球的游戏。
So many different cultures throughout history have had games that involve kicking around a ball.
但现代足球，至少我们今天认识的这种，真正是在19世纪中期的英格兰兴起的。
But soccer, at least as we know it, really got its start in England in the mid eighteen hundreds.
十九世纪中期，电灯都还没发明呢。
Back in the mid eighteen hundreds, the light bulb hadn't even been invented yet.
那时候大多数人靠走路、火车或者马车出行。
Most people got around by walking, train, or horse and buggy.
它
It
那会儿也正是工业革命的时期，你猜对了。
was also around the time of, you guessed it, the industrial revolution.
工业革命。
Industrial revolution.
那时候，橄榄球和足球被认为是同一项运动的两种不同形式。
Back then, rugby and soccer were thought of as two different versions of the same game.
就像我们现在把垒球和棒球看作是两种相近的运动一样。
Like how we might think of softball and baseball.
没错。
Right.
那时候，橄榄球和足球并不被认为是两种不同的运动，只是同一种踢球游戏的不同玩法。
So at the time, rugby and soccer weren't considered two separate sports, just different ways to play the same sort of kicking ball game.
这些球类运动当时都越来越流行，尤其是在学校里。
All versions of these ball games were becoming really popular, especially at schools.
学校之间想互相比赛，但问题在于每个人打球的方式都不一样。
And schools wanted to play against each other, but it was tough because everybody played the game a little differently.
所以1863年，伦敦各地的一些学校代表聚在一起，制定了统一的规则。
So in 1863, a bunch of people from schools across London came together to make some official rules.
最后，他们正式划分出两种足球：一种是橄榄球，一种是英式足球。
In the end, they declared two different types of football.
橄榄球允许用手持球跑动。
There was rugby football, which meant you could carry the ball with your hands.
而英式足球则禁止用手触球，只有守门员可以例外。
And then there was association football, which wouldn't let you touch the ball with your hands except for the goalies.
第一场正式的英式足球比赛在一年后的1864年，于伦敦的一个公园里举行。
The first official association football game was a year later in 1864 at a park in London.
很快，这项运动就传遍了英国其他地区。
It soon spread to other parts of The UK.
英国的水手、铁路工人和移民把足球带到了其他国家。
English sailors, railroad workers, and immigrants introduced football to other countries.
从法国到阿根廷，再到美国。
From France to Argentina to The USA.
到1908年，足球正式成为奥运会比赛项目。
By nineteen o eight, association football had become an official Olympic sport.
后来，这项运动就成了今天我们熟知和热爱的足球。
Association football came to be the soccer we know and love today.
但为什么有些人叫它足球，另一些人却叫它 Soccer 呢？
But why do some people call it soccer, but others call it football?
这是个很棒的问题，我们稍后会试着解答。
That is a stupendous question, and one we'll try to answer in a bit.
不过现在，先来聊聊第一件事。
But right now, it's time for First Things First.
这个游戏是让我们从历史中选出三样东西，然后按时间先后排序，看哪个最早、哪个居中、哪个最晚。
This is the game where we take three things from history and try to put them in order, which came first, second, and most recent in time.
今天要排序的三样东西是三种杯子。
And today's three things are three cups.
是的。
Yeah.
你猜对了。
You guessed it.
我们这里有防漏学饮杯、一次性纸杯，还有圣杯——那种带杯柄和杯座的华丽高脚杯。
So we've got we've got the no spill sippy cup, the disposable paper cup, and the chalice, which is kind of like a goblet, like a fancy cup with a stem and foot.
所以，Brooke，你以前听说过这几种杯子吗？
So Brooke, have you heard of these types of cups before?
当然听过。
Oh, yes.
我记得我小时候用过很久的防漏学饮杯，因为我老是把东西洒得到处都是。
I actually remember I had a no spill sippy cup for a long time because I cannot stop spilling all over myself.
我那时候确实挺头疼的。
I had a problem with that.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
但这确实挺难的。
But that's tricky.
是的。
Yeah.
没错。
Yeah.
确实不容易。
It is tricky.
我觉得成年人也应该用这种防洒吸管杯，你要是见过我本人，仔细看看我的衣服，到处都是咖啡渍。
You know, I I think they should have those no spill sippy cups for adults because if you ever see me in real life, look closely at my shirt because I tell you, there's always coffee.
我身上总是沾得到处都是，咖啡从嘴里漏出来。
I'm always covered in it just dribbles out of my mouth.
我经常这样。
I get
我完全能理解。
so like, I can relate.
比如吃午饭的时候，我特别容易弄洒，就算不是饮料也一样。
Like, at, like, lunch, I am, like, prone to, like even if it's not a drink, like
是的。
Yeah.
我什么东西都会洒。
I'm I spill everything.
今天早些时候，我衣服上还沾了意大利面酱。
Like, earlier today, I got, like, pasta sauce on my sweatshirt.
真是服了。
I'm like, come on, man.
也许这该提醒一下大家，你们得仔细看看每个人的衬衫，尤其是那些超过三十岁的人。
Maybe this could be this should be like a reminder for everyone that you know I'm like, just to look closely at everyone's shirts, especially if they're over the age of 30.
我跟你说，老师身上也常有这种东西。
Because I'm telling you, your teachers have stuff.
他们身上全是污渍。
They have goop.
好吧。
Okay.
算了。
Anyway.
算了。
Anyway.
好吧。
Okay.
所以我们有防洒的吸管杯、一次性纸杯，还有那个高脚杯。
So we have the no spill sippy cup, the disposable paper cup, and the chalice.
那你觉得这三样东西在历史上是按什么顺序出现的？先出现的、中间的，和最近才有的？
So which do you think came first, second, and most recently in history?
嗯，
Okay.
我觉得圣杯，就是那种高脚酒杯，应该是最早的。
So I'm definitely thinking that the chalice, like the goblet Mhmm.
因为你看那些中世纪背景的电影，贵族吃饭的时候总是用那种华丽的酒杯。
Definitely came like first because in like all those like medieval like set movies, they always have like those goblets with like the fancy dinners with the royalty.
是的，
Yeah.
那种杯子上还镶满宝石，你知道的。
Like, it's like always had like the fancy encrusted stones on it, you know.
每当我想到这种杯子，脑子里浮现的都是中世纪的贵族和皇室场景。
Like, I always just like like, when I think of that kind of cup, always think of like, the medieval, like, the royalty and the high.
是的。
Yeah.
是的
Yeah.
还有民间传说、龙之类的元素。
And like folklore and dragons and things like that.
是的
Yeah.
是的
Yeah.
是的
Yeah.
完全没错
Totally.
好的
Okay.
明白了
Alright.
这个猜测真不错。
That's a great guess.
第一个是圣杯。
So number one is chalice.
对。
Yeah.
第二个是。
And number two.
好的。
Okay.
这个其实挺难的。
So this is kind of this is really tricky.
我记得小学四年级科学课学过塑料。
I remember learning in, like, fourth grade science the plastic.
早在二十世纪初，塑料就已经开始工业化了。
It was kind of industrialized back in, the early early nineteen hundreds.
但我真的很难想象，过去那些坐马车的人，也会拿着婴儿杯到处洒。
But also, I don't, like, I can't imagine like the old timey people with their carriages having their nose spill sippy cups either.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
我真的想象不出来。
I just can't imagine that.
不过这真的太难了。
But oh, this is so tricky.
我知道。
I know.
别说了。
Stop.
所以我还是选纸杯吧，毕竟它没那么先进，因为我觉得……
So I'm gonna say the paper cups because it's not as, like, advanced because, like, I
我不确定。
don't know.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
好吧。
Yeah.
我觉得还是用纸杯，再配上防漏吸管杯。
So I think it's gonna be paper cups and then the no spill sippy cup.
好。
Okay.
明白。
Okay.
这些推测都很靠谱，很有见地。
Those are really, really awesome and educated guesses.
我们太喜欢这个了。
We love that.
所以我们先用圣杯，然后是纸质杯子，最后是防漏吸管杯。
So we have the chalice first, and then the disposable paper cup, and then the no spill sippy cup.
是的。
Yeah.
我们定下来吧？
Should we lock it in?
就这么定了，锁定它。
Let's pop it and lock it.
就这么定了，锁定它。
Let's pop it and lock it.
对。
Yeah.
这才是我的姑娘，布鲁克。
That's my girl, Brooke.
所以我们会在节目最后听到答案，就在
So we'll hear the answers at the end of the episode right after the
片尾字幕之前。
credits.
所以别走开。
So stick around.
这个
This
这是本季的最后一期。
is the last episode of the season.
我知道。
I know.
不过别担心，八月我们会带着全新、精彩的节目回归。
But fret not, we'll be back in August with brand new shiny episodes.
听起来真不错。
Oh, so shiny.
meanwhile，如果你有任何历史问题或者节目创意，欢迎随时告诉我们。
In the meantime, if you have a history question or an idea for an episode, send it our way.
你可以通过 brains.org/contact 联系我们。
You can reach us at brains on dot org slash contact.
我们也特别喜欢收到你们的赞美、照片、视频、诗歌和粉丝创作。
We also love getting compliments, pictures, videos, poems, and fan art.
也许你受我们那期关于国歌的节目启发，创作了自己的专属主题曲，或者画了我那个水疗中心的图。
Maybe you've come up with your own personal anthem inspired by our national anthem episode, or you do a picture of my spa.
Serenity by Joy。
Serenity by Joy.
不管你在想什么，我都迫不及待想看到、听到，要是运气好，还能闻到。
Whatever you're dreaming up, I can't wait to see it or hear it, or maybe if I'm lucky, smell it.
谁知道呢？
Who knows?
继续收听吧。
And keep listening.
啊，对。
Ah, yes.
太阳出来了。
The sun is out.
我可以把冬衣收起来了，好好迎接这个夏天。
I'm ready to put away my winter coat and greet this summer with style.
假期、篝火、烤棉花糖，还有在湖边悠闲地待着——这就是我心中的夏天。
Vacations, campfires, and s'mores, and lounging near the lake is all summer means to me.
我需要轻盈的面料、鲜艳的色彩，还有性价比高的优质材质。
I need light fabrics, bright colors, and better materials without the huge cost it comes with.
所以我特别喜欢Quince。
That's why I love Quince.
他们的基础款品质很高，价格却很亲民。
They have high quality essentials without breaking the bank.
想象一下：穿着Quince的舒适牛仔裤围坐在篝火旁，或裹在有机棉毛衣里取暖，再或者穿上他们那条仅从32美元起的优雅欧洲亚麻长裤、连衣裙或上衣，在滨海步道上走成T台。
Picture this, a campfire in Quince's cozy denim or cuddling up in organic cotton sweaters or turn the boardwalk into a runway in any of the beautiful 100% European linen pants, dresses, or tops that start as low as $32.
我特别期待背上我新做的手工编织钩针包，去海滩懒洋洋地晒太阳，或者跑遍全城办点小事都特别合适。
I personally can't wait to show off my new hand woven crochet bag that's perfect for lazy beach days or if I'm running around town doing errands.
然后我就能躺在Quince那条丝滑柔软的薰衣草色竹纤维床单上，透气性特别好，完全不用担心睡得一身汗。
And then I can relax on Quince's silky soft lavender bamboo sheets that breathe so nice, I don't have to worry about overheating.
Quince还有很多提升生活品质的厨房和家居用品，对我来说，它们能和有道德的工厂合作非常重要。
Quince has so much more elevated essentials for kitchens, home, and it's important to me that they work with ethical factories.
Quince跳过了中间商，你付的钱全是实实在在的品质，而不是品牌溢价。
Quince cuts out the middleman so you pay for quality and not brand markups.
让你的夏日衣橱更上一层楼。
Elevate your summer wardrobe.
去 quince.com/foreverago 下单，享受免费配送，还有365天无理由退换。
Go to quince.com/foreverago for free shipping on your order and three hundred and sixty five day returns.
现在加拿大也能买到啦。
Now available in Canada too.
记得去 quince.com/foreverago，免费配送，365天退换。
That's quince.com/foreverago for free shipping and 365 returns.
Quince.com/foreverago
Quince.com/foreverago.
我知道大家都说爱自己的家，但我真的特别爱我的家。
I know everyone says they love their home, but I really love my home.
我们家里的每一件东西，都在讲述我们的故事，从墙上挂的老报纸，到那件一百年历史的家具。
Every piece that we add says something about who we are, from our old newspapers hanging on the wall to our one hundred year old furniture.
我很自豪，家里每样东西都代表了我们的样子，所以我想要一块能长久使用的地毯。
I take pride knowing that each item in my house says something about us, and I want a rug that will last.
这就是我钟爱Ruggable的原因。
And that's why I love Ruggable.
Ruggable的地毯设计精美，性能出色，完全契合我的生活方式。
Ruggable has design led and performance built rugs that are a perfect addition to my lifestyle.
它结实耐造，防污抗渍，我知道我的Ruggable地毯能应付得了我收养的宠物，还有家里聚餐的热闹场面。
It's durable and stain resistant, and I know my Ruggable rug can handle all of my foster pets or hosting dinners with my family.
我喜欢这块地毯，不仅因为好看，更因为它经得起真实生活的考验。
I love my rug because it's gorgeous, and it's built for real life.
展开剩余字幕（还有 221 条）
洒了酱料、沾了泥爪子，再乱也不怕了。
Spilt sauce, muddy paws, messes are no longer an issue.
直接丢进洗衣机就行。
I just throw it in the washer.
对了，我还没说它有多好看呢？
And did I mention it's beautiful?
我特别喜欢这款Fresco午夜色的地毯。
I was personally drawn to the Fresco midnight rug.
深蓝色底配上精美的粉紫色花朵，让我的客厅从可爱直接升级到惊艳。
The dark blue base with gorgeous pink and purple flowers has taken my living room from cute to wow.
上ruggable.com，给家换个新面貌。
Refresh your home at ruggable.com.
在ruggable.com下单首单立享九折，优惠码foreverago全场通用。
Get 10% off your first order site wide with promo code forever ago at ruggable.com.
记得去ruggable.com，结账时输入foreverago这个优惠码。
That's ruggable.com, and use code forever ago at checkout.
你正在收听《Forever Ago》。
You're listening to Forever Ago.
我是乔伊。
I'm Joy.
我是布鲁克。
And I'm Brooke.
之前我们了解了一些古代的踢球游戏，比如中国的蹴鞠，或者中世纪欧洲的群踢足球。
So earlier, we learned about some ancient games that involved kicking a ball around, like Suji from China or mob football from medieval Europe.
但我们现在熟知的足球，直到19世纪末才在英格兰真正成型。
But soccer as we know it didn't become a thing until the late eighteen hundreds in England.
后来，足球逐渐传到了越来越多的地方。
Eventually, soccer spread to more and more places.
现在，它已经成为全球最受欢迎的运动。
Now it's the most popular sport on the planet.
在美国，我们通常管它叫足球。
Here in America, we usually call it soccer.
但并不是所有人都把这项运动叫作足球。
But not everyone calls soccer soccer.
事实上，世界上大多数人管这项运动叫足球。
In fact, most people in the world call the sport football.
那为什么有些人叫它足球，而其他人却叫它英式足球呢？
So why do some people call it soccer while others call it football?
这是个非常好的问题，而且有好几种不同的说法。
That is an excellent question and one with a couple of different theories.
首先，有些国家已经有一种叫足球的运动了。
So for starters, some countries already have a sport called football.
比如在美国和加拿大，我们说的足球指的是达阵和超级碗那种运动。
Like in America and Canada, football is the sport we associate with touchdowns and the Super Bowl.
在澳大利亚，还有一种澳式足球，他们也叫它footy。
And in Australia, there's Australian football, which they also call footy.
但在欧洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的大多数国家，我们美国人说的英式足球，就直接叫足球。
But in most countries in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, the sport us Americans know as soccer is called football.
那我们在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚叫它soccer，这个名字是从这些地方来的吗？
So if we call it soccer in America, Canada, and Australia, did the name come from any of those places?
‘soccer’这个词其实源自英国，这还挺讽刺的，因为英国大多数人管这项运动叫football。
The term soccer actually comes from England, which is kind of ironic because most everyone in England calls the sport football.
这真是太让人糊涂了。
That is so confusing.
这到底是怎么开始的呢？
How did that even start?
你还记得19世纪的时候，英国的学校试图区分英式橄榄球和协会足球吗？
Well, remember how back in the eighteen hundreds, the schools in England were trying to differentiate rugby football from association football.
他们当时想出了几个绰号来把这两者区分开。
They actually came up with nicknames to separate the two.
我超爱绰号的。
I love a nickname.
我猜猜，他们是不是叫它‘Ruggy’和‘Associ’？
Let me guess, did they name it Ruggy and Associ?
说实话，差不了多少。
Honestly, not far off.
那时候，在词尾加个“er”特别流行，这样听起来就像很酷的俚语。
At the time, it was really popular to add an e r to the end of a word to make it sound like cool slang.
就像布鲁克儿或者乔伊儿？
Like Brooke er or Joy er?
我恨不得余生都叫乔伊儿。
I wanna be called Joy er for the rest of my life.
没错。
Exactly.
所以人们开始把橄榄球叫作Rugger，把英式足球叫作Soccer。
So people started calling rugby football, Rugger, and Association Football, Soccer.
好的。
Okay.
我能理解Rugger是Rugby的简称。
I can understand how rugger is short for rugby.
但足球到底是怎么从‘association’变过来的呢？
But how exactly is soccer short for association?
据说他们把‘association’缩成前五个字母，成了‘assoc’。
So the theory is they shortened association to the first five letters to make assoc.
就是 a-s-s-o-c，然后加上当时很流行的‘-er’结尾，就成了‘soccer’。
So a s s o c, then added the trendy e r at the end to make a soccer.
后来干脆把开头的‘a’也删了，直接叫‘soccer’。
Eventually, they dropped the a and it just became soccer.
这演变过程可真够曲折的。
That's quite the evolution.
是啊。
Yeah.
所以‘association football’在英国就被叫做‘soccer’了。
So association football became known as soccer in England.
更让人糊涂的是，人们同时用‘soccer’和‘football’这两个词。
And what's even more confusing is people use both the name soccer and football at the same time.
看看这篇1905年的《纽约时报》文章。
Check out this New York Times article from nineteen o five.
英格兰足球队赢得了一场足球赛。
English soccer team won football match.
一场干净利落、精彩纷呈的比赛，充满了巧妙的传球、细腻的盘带、灵巧的闪避和强劲的射门。
A clean, well played contest, bristling with clever passing, intricate dribbling, capital dodging, and exceptionally hard kicking.
这评论真够讲究的。
What a review.
天哪。
Woah.
他们在同一句话里同时用了‘soccer’和‘football’这两个词？
They used both names in the same sentence, soccer and football?
没错。
Right.
与此同时，在美国，人们也同时使用这两个名称。
Meanwhile, in The US, they were also using both names.
美国足球协会以前叫美国足球联合会。
The United States Soccer Federation used to be called the United States Soccer Football Federation.
再之前，就叫美国足球联合会。
And before that, just the United States Football Federation.
那后来发生了什么变化？
So what changed?
为什么现在美国大多数人只说‘soccer’？
Why does The US mostly just say soccer now?
要确切说出这种转变是什么时候、为什么发生的，其实很难，因为直到20世纪80年代，美国和英国都还在混用‘soccer’和‘football’这两个词。
It's hard to pinpoint exactly why or when the shift happened, especially because both The US and The UK use the term soccer and football interchangeably well into the nineteen eighties.
后来，随着这项运动在英国越来越流行，‘football’这个词逐渐成了主流。
Eventually, the term football won out in The UK as the sport gained more and more traction.
所以‘soccer’其实是个英国词，尽管现在英国大多数人更喜欢用‘football’。
So soccer is a British term even though the majority of people there now prefer the word football.
在查看观众来信之前，我们先来聊聊更多关于足球的事。
And there's more information for that football after we check the mailbag.
咱们看看都有什么来信。
Let's see what we got.
哦，是一位叫凯莉的家长发来的留言，说的是她孩子阿迪。
Oh, it's a note from a parent named Kelly about her kid, Addy.
凯莉说，关于蛋黄酱的那期节目，我孩子记得清清楚楚，挥之不去。
Kelly says, the episode on mayonnaise lives rent free in my kid's head.
我也不明白为什么，但只要一提到蛋黄酱，她总能立刻抛出一堆相关知识。
I don't know why, but she's always ready with mayo facts when it comes up.
昨天她想吃烤奶酪三明治，我拿出黄油，她却说：别用这个。
Yesterday, she wanted a grilled cheese, and I got out the butter, and she said, no.
用蛋黄酱。
Use mayo.
用蛋黄酱烤出来更脆。
It makes it crispier.
这都是从播客里听来的。
It was in the podcast.
所以她希望乔伊·多洛看看这金黄酥脆的效果。
So she wanted Joy Dolo to see the crispy golden result.
哇，真的不错。
Oh, wow.
这三明治看起来真漂亮。
That is actually a beautiful sandwich.
虽然那层金黄是来自可怕的蛋黄酱，但我猜味道一定不错。
You can see the golden the golden layer on there from the disgusting mayo, but I'm sure it tastes pretty good.
还有番茄酱，这是我最喜欢的调味品之一。
And there's ketchup too, which is one of my favorite condiments.
太棒了。
Awesome.
非常感谢你分享，也感谢这封邮件反馈。
Thanks so much for sharing, and thanks for that mail report.
如果你有东西想寄给我们，尽管发吧。
If you wanna send us something, it.
我超爱收信。
I love mail.
去 brainson.org/contact 给我们留言吧。
Go to brainson.org/contact.
非常感谢你，Addy。
Thank you so much, Addy.
我是Brooke。
I'm Brooke.
我是Joy，我们继续聊聊足球，也就是大家说的足球。
I'm Joy, and we're still talking all things soccer, also known as football.
要是不提世界杯，那这期足球节目就不完整了。
And we can't do an episode about soccer without mentioning the World Cup.
世界杯是每四年举办一次的大型国际足球赛事。
It's a huge international soccer tournament that happens every four years.
不过我刚才想的世界杯，其实是那个展示我梦想中所有杯具的展会。
Not to be confused with the World Cup I was thinking of, the cup convention showcasing all the drinkware of my dreams.
这很容易搞错。
An easy mistake.
对啊。
Mhmm.
没错。
Yep.
今年世界杯由加拿大、墨西哥和美国联合主办。
So this year, the World Cup is being hosted by Canada, Mexico, and The United States.
第一届世界杯差不多一百年前，1930年在乌拉圭举办。
The first World Cup was almost a hundred years ago, back in 1930 in Uruguay.
当时有13个国家参赛，包括阿根廷、比利时、玻利维亚、巴西、智利、法国、墨西哥、巴拉圭、秘鲁、罗马尼亚、美国、乌拉圭和南斯拉夫。
13 different nations competed, including Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, France, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Romania, USA, Uruguay, and Yugoslavia.
决赛是在阿根廷和乌拉圭之间进行的。
Final match was between Argentina and Uruguay.
这儿有个有趣的冷知识。
So here's a cool bit of trivia.
在整届赛事还没开始之前，阿根廷和乌拉圭都坚持要用自己国家的足球。
Before the whole tournament even started, both Argentina and Uruguay insisted insisted on playing with their own soccer balls.
所以当这两国在决赛中碰面时，关于用哪个球踢，双方争执得很激烈。
So when the two countries went up against each other in the final match, there was a fierce debate over which ball they would use.
最后他们决定上半场
Ultimately, they decided to play half the game
用阿根廷的球。
with Argentina's ball.
下半场
And the second half
乌拉圭队控球。
with Uruguay's ball.
最后，乌拉圭队赢了，东道主也夺得了冠军。
In the end, Uruguay won, and the country that was hosting the games was also crowned the champions.
太酷了。
How cool.
第一届世界杯有13个国家参赛。
13 different nations competed in the first World Cup.
今年已经有48个国家参加了。
This year, it's up to 48 different countries.
别忘了，还有女足世界杯。
Don't forget, there's also the Women's World Cup.
第一届女足世界杯是在1995年。
The first one was back in 1995.
下一届将在2027年举行。
And the next one will be in 2027.
真厉害。
Wow.
聊了这么多世界杯，我都渴了。
All this cup talk has got me thirsty.
要不咱们喝杯冰凉的饮料庆祝一下？
What do you say we celebrate with a nice cold cup of goop?
只要能用卷吸管喝，我就参加。
If we can drink it out of curly straws, I'm in.
这才像话。
That's what I like to hear.
拿上你最爱的果冻杯，来厨房找我。
Get your favorite goop cup and meet me in the kitchen.
咱们今天好好喝个痛快。
We're gonna goop it up.
最早踢球的游戏早在几百甚至上千年前就有了，比如中世纪欧洲的群踢球，或者中国古代的蹴鞠。
Some of the earliest kicking ball games were played hundreds, even thousands of years ago, like mob football in medieval Europe or tsujiu from ancient China.
但我们现在说的足球，是19世纪末在英格兰才成型的。
But soccer, as we know it, started in the late eighteen hundreds in England.
那时候叫‘协会足球’。
It was called association football.
‘协会足球’后来大概就被简称为‘足球’了。
Association football was likely shortened to the nickname soccer.
你住在哪儿，可能就管它叫足球，或者叫英式足球。
Depending on where you live, you might call it soccer or you might call it football.
如今，足球是全球最受欢迎的运动。
Today, soccer is the most popular sport on the planet.
本期节目由露比·加特里撰写并制作。
This episode was written and produced by Ruby Guthrie.
马克·桑切斯也参与了制作。
It was also produced by Mark Sanchez.
节目由桑丁·托顿负责剪辑和事实核查。
It's edited and fact checked by Sandin Totten.
技术支援由拉菲·索弗提供，音效设计由蕾切尔·布里兹完成。
Engineering help from Raffi Soffer was sound designed by Rachel Breeze.
主题音乐由马克·桑切斯原创。
Original theme music by Mark Sanchez.
如果你想收听无广告的节目和独家附加内容，就订阅我们的Smarty Pass吧。
And if you want access to ad free episodes and special bonus content, subscribe to our Smarty Pass.
好的，Brooke。
Okay, Brooke.
你准备好听《首要事务》的答案了吗？
Are you ready to hear the answers for First Things First?
我早就准备好了，Joy。
I'm so ready, Joy.
当然了。
Oh, yes.
我迫不及待想大干一场了。
I'm ready to goop it up.
我觉得你用这个词用错了。
I don't think that's how you use that term.
没关系。
It's okay.
不行。
No.
不好意思。
Pardon me.
这是我们新造的流行词。
It's our new slang word.
再来一次。
Take two.
再来一次。
Take two.
对。
Yeah.
自由芯片。
Liberty chiplets.
提醒一下，我们之前说过三种杯子，你说圣杯排第一，然后是一次性纸杯，最近的是防漏吸管杯。
So, like, just as a reminder, we had the three different kinds of cups, and you said chalice was first, then the disposable paper cup, and then most recently was the no spill sippy cup.
是的。
Yeah.
不知怎么的，我总觉得这事不太对劲。
I I have a bad feeling about this for some reason.
不会的。
No.
我相信你，布鲁克。
I believe in you, Brooke.
我相信你。
I believe in you.
你知道，你说得对。
You know, you yep.
每个人都应该相信我。
Everyone should believe in me.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
就该这样才对。
Good like that.
大家都听到了吗？
Is everybody listening?
都听着呢吧？
Everybody listening?
对。
Yeah.
Brooke，你听到了吗？
Brooke, are you listening?
因为你全都答对了。
Because you got it all right.
真的吗？
Actually?
是的。
Yeah.
真的吧。
For real.
哦，对啊。
Oh, yeah.
哦，没错。
Oh, yeah.
正在往上涂呢。
Gooping up.
所以，你说得完全对。
So, yeah, you're absolutely right.
那个圣杯或酒杯来自青铜时代，那是人类刚开始接触金属的时期，大约在公元前3300到前1200年之间。
The chalice or the goblet was from the the bronze age, and that's a period between March when humans were first starting to work with metal.
因此，圣杯或酒杯的起源可以追溯到青铜时代，也就是人类刚开始使用金属的那段时期，大约在公元前3300到前1200年。
And so, chalices or goblets can be traced back to the Bronze Age, a period between thirty three hundred and twelve hundred BCE when humans first started to work with metal.
最早发现的酒杯之一，是巴勒斯坦出土的银制艾因·萨米亚杯，距今已有四千多年。
One of the earliest goblets discovered was the silver Ein Samia cup in Palestine, which dates back over 4,000 years ago.
哦，那可真是很久以前了。
Oh, that's that's a very long time.
是的。
Yeah.
太惊人了。
That's wild.
太惊人了。
That's wild.
所以青铜时代那会儿，已经是很久以前了。
So that was a long time ago in the bronze age.
接下来是纸杯，出现在1908年。
And then next up, the disposable paper cup was from nineteen o eight.
哦。
Oh.
是的。
Yeah.
你知道吗，我本来以为是那种像O的符号，比如08/00/2007那种，你知道的？
You know, I thought it was something of like the o's, know, like the 08/00/2007, you know?
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
没错。
Totally.
但第一个一次性纸杯是波士顿发明家劳伦斯·卢埃林在1908年发明的。
But the first disposable paper cup was invented by Boston inventor Lawrence Llewellyn in nineteen o eight.
所以我们俩现在就在马萨诸塞州这儿。
So we're right by you out there in Massachusetts.
好，波士顿。
Okay, Boston.
是的。
Yeah.
几年后，劳伦斯和另一位叫休·摩尔的人合作，开始把这种杯子作为‘健康杯’来推广，名字里还带个‘K’。
Come on through, A few years later, Lawrence teamed up with another man, Hugh Moore, and started marketing the cup as a health cup with a k.
那时候，公共场所的饮水站用的是公共杯子，叫‘舀水勺’，就是那种金属做的长柄勺子。
At the time, public water stations used communal cups called dippers, which looked like metal ladles.
真恶心。
Ew.
于是他们把这种一次性纸杯宣传成一种能救命的饮水技术，可以有效防止疾病传播。
So the team marketed their disposable paper cup as a life saving drinking technology that would help stop the spread of diseases.
后来，这种杯子被改名为‘Dixie Cup’，名字取自同名的一款娃娃品牌。
So the cup was later renamed the Dixie Cup after a brand of dolls by the same name.
你肯定听说过Dixie Cup吧。
You've heard of the Dixie Cup.
是吧？
Yeah?
哦，对，听说过。
Oh, yeah.
我也听说过那种得克萨斯牌的纸盘子，
I've also heard of, like, the Dixie paper plates,
你知道的。
you know?
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
没错。
Yeah.
这一切都是从那儿开始的。
That's where it all started.
1908年。
Nineteen o eight.
纸盘子的代代相传啊。
Oh, the generations of the paper plates.
对。
Yes.
对。
Yes.
最后但同样重要的是防漏吸管杯，它是在1988年发明的。
And so last and certainly not least is the no spill sippy cup, which was invented in 1988.
所以这其实是很近的事了。
So that's really recent.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
它是由一位身为家长兼机械工程师的理查德·贝兰热在上世纪八十年代末发明的。
So it was invented by parent and mechanical engineer Richard Belanger in the late nineteen eighties.
理查德当时实在厌倦了不断收拾儿子总是打翻的饮料。
And Richard was growing tired of cleaning after a son who kept spilling his drink time and time again.
所以呢，这个故事我们都知道。
So, you know, we know that story.
是的，我觉得我爸妈特别有共鸣。
Yeah, I think my parents can relate.
对，没错。
Yeah, yeah.
于是理查德就想做个解决方案，他当机械工程师时用过热熔胶枪，对喷嘴的工作原理很熟悉。
So Richard wanted to make a solution, and he had worked with glue guns as a mechanical engineer, so he knew how nozzles worked.
他试着在特百惠容器上装各种杯口，最后终于做出了这款防漏吸管杯。
He experimented putting different mouthpieces on Tupperware until eventually, the sippy cup was born.
另外，恭喜你全都答对了。
And also congratulations by getting them all right.
哇哦。
Whoo.
谢谢。
Thank you.
这是我们这一季的最后一集。
This is the last episode of our season.
我知道。
I know.
非常感谢你们的收听，我们八月份会带着新节目回来。
Thank you so much for tuning in, and we'll be back with new episodes this August.
如果你有想做的节目点子，可以发邮件到 brainson.org/contact 告诉我们。
If you have an idea for an episode, you can let us know at brainson.org/contact.
谢谢收听。
Thanks for listening.
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