如何致富（无需靠运气）

大家最近怎么样？

What's up, everyone?

欢迎回到新一期的《创始人日志》。

Welcome back to another episode of Founders Journal.

我是Alex Lieberman，Morning Brew的联合创始人兼执行主席。

I'm Alex Lieberman, co founder and executive chairman of Morning Brew.

正如我提到的，在这个全新升级的《创始人日志》中，我将担任你们的创业向导，精选全球最适合创业者的优质内容，进行归纳总结让你们无需亲自阅读，并通过分析提炼出可立即应用于商业和生活的实用建议。

As I've mentioned, with the new and improved Founders Journal, I'm going to act as your startup Sherpa, curating the best content for entrepreneurs in the world, summarizing it so you don't have to read it yourself and analyzing it so you have actionable takeaways to apply to your business and your life.

在今天的节目中，我要朗读的可能是商业史上传播最广的一条推特长帖。

For today's episode, I'm going to be reading quite possibly the most viral Twitter thread in the world of business ever.

2018年，Naval Ravikanth撰写了《如何不靠运气致富》——这篇由40条推文组成的系列，内容涵盖从财富本质到杠杆效应，从寻找专属知识到乐观主义的力量等方方面面。

In 2018, Naval Ravikanth wrote How to Get Rich Without Getting Lucky, which is a 40 tweet thread that covers everything from what wealth is and what it isn't to the power of leverage, to finding your specific knowledge, to the power of optimism.

对于不熟悉他的听众，Naval是Angel List创始人，同时也是一位高产的天使投资人和作家。

And for those of you who don't know him, Naval is the founder of Angel List, as well as a prolific angel investor and writer.

我会逐条解读这些推文，暂停分析其中几条特别打动我的内容，然后继续推进这个系列。

I'm going to read through this tweet by tweet, stop and analyze a select few that struck me as particularly interesting, and then continue on with the thread.

那么我们开始吧。

So let's dive in.

好的，我们这就开始。

Okay, here we go.

《如何不靠运气致富》，作者Naval，2018年5月31日发布。

How to get rich without getting lucky by Naval 05/31/2018.

追求财富，而非金钱或地位。

Seek wealth, not money or status.

财富就是拥有在你睡觉时也能赚钱的资产。

Wealth is having assets that earn while you sleep.

金钱是我们转移时间和财富的方式。

Money is how we transfer time and wealth.

地位是你在社会阶层中的位置。

Status is your place in the social hierarchy.

我要直接深入探讨这一点。

I'm going to dive right into this one.

我是这样看待这个问题的。

So here's how I think about it.

财富最终意味着你拥有时间自由。

Wealth is ultimately how you have freedom of time.

当我思考出售Morning Brew给我带来的最大礼物时，那就是可以自由选择如何支配自己的时间。

When I think about the greatest gift that selling Morning Brew gave me, it was the freedom to choose how I spend my time.

顺便说一句，在人生方程式中，拥有过多时间也并不理想。

And by the way, having an abundance of time is also not ideal in the equation.

对我们大多数人来说，我们需要感受到生活中的成长感，而成长很可能意味着利用你所拥有的时间去做些事情。

For most of us, we need to feel the feeling of growth in our lives and growth likely means doing things with the time that you have.

这就是为什么尽管我在卸任Morning Brew CEO后获得了时间自由，但我并不快乐，因为我缺乏目标感。

Which is why even though I had freedom of time after stepping out of the CEO role for Morning Brew, I wasn't happy because I didn't have a sense of purpose.

更重要的是，我感觉不到自己在成长。

And more importantly, I didn't feel like I was growing.

关于地位，你不应该追求地位的原因是它会让你的幸福取决于他人。

In terms of status, the reason you shouldn't seek status is because it makes your happiness dependent on other people.

有句名言说，出名最糟糕的部分就是不再出名。

There's a famous quote that the worst part of being famous is not being famous anymore.

我认为这主要是因为当你出名时，很难将自我价值感与人们对你的态度和看法分离开来。

And I think that's largely because when you are famous, it is extremely hard to decouple your sense of self worth from the way in which people treat and perceive you.

换句话说，地位游戏就像毒品。

Said differently, status games are like a drug.

短期内它们让人感觉很好，但长期会留下你无法控制的残余影响。

They feel really good in the short term, but there's long term residue that becomes outside of your control.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

要明白道德地创造财富是可能的。

Understand that ethical wealth creation is possible.

如果你内心鄙视财富，它就会与你擦肩而过。

If you secretly despise wealth, it will elude you.

接下来，忽略那些玩地位游戏的人。

Next, ignore people playing status games.

他们通过攻击那些创造财富的人来获取地位。

They gain status by attacking people playing wealth creation games.

靠出租时间你永远无法致富。

You're not going to get rich renting out your time.

你必须拥有股权，即企业的一部分，才能获得财务自由。

You must own equity, a piece of a business to gain your financial freedom.

好的，我要深入探讨这一点。

Okay, I'm going to dive into this one.

我认为在这里理解Naval如何定义'富有'很重要。

I think it's important here to understand how Naval is defining rich.

对他来说富有意味着什么？

What does rich mean to him?

我猜他会将其定义为同时拥有财务自由和时间自由。

My guess is he would define it as having both financial freedom and time freedom.

时间自由意味着你可以完全自主安排日程。

Time freedom being you get to dictate exactly how your calendar is set up.

举个例子，如果你在企业法律领域担任合伙人工作四十年，你可能会实现财务自由，但在真正退休前要获得时间自由将极其困难。

So, for example, if you work as a partner in corporate law for forty years, you will likely achieve financial freedom, but it will be exceedingly difficult to achieve time freedom until you actually retire.

然后你会面临一个可怕的问题：如果在六十五岁左右才能获得时间自由，那么为了实现财务自由付出这一切是否值得？

And then you're faced with the terrifying question of was it all worth it to achieve that financial freedom if you didn't have time freedom until you were in your mid to late sixties?

于是问题就变成了：你如何同时实现财务自由和时间自由？

And so then the question becomes, how do you accomplish financial and time freedom?

答案就是将你的时间与金钱解耦。

And it's by decoupling your time from your money.

而实现这一点的途径就是成为某样东西的所有者。

And the way you do that is through being an owner of something.

顺便说一句，成为所有者并不意味着你必须是一个获得风投支持的独角兽创始人。

By the way, being an owner does not mean you need to be a venture backed unicorn founder.

实际上，如果你问我最有可能致富的途径是什么，我不会推荐那条路。

Actually, if you were to ask me what is the likeliest path to be rich, I wouldn't advocate for that path.

成为所有者意味着你的业务利润和股权价值没有上限，并且能够掌控自己的时间安排。

Being an owner means having uncapped upside in the profits and equity value of your business and being in control of your calendar.

如果要问我成为真正所有者、实现财务自由且拥有时间自由的最佳路径是什么——这条路通常成功概率很高——我会说是建立一个利基互联网业务，让你能利用软件或海外人才为特定受众解决问题。

And if you were to ask me what's the best path to be a true owner where you can achieve financial freedom, you have time freedom and the odds are generally pretty good, I would say it is building a niche Internet business that allows you to use software or offshore talent to solve a problem for a very specific audience.

布雷特·威廉姆斯和他创建的Designjoy就是绝佳范例。

So a great example of this is Brett Williams, who built Designjoy.

他曾是一家公司的设计师。

He used to be a designer at a company.

离职后，他如今运营着Designjoy——一个产品化的设计服务平台。

He left, and now he runs Designjoy, which is a productized design service.

布雷特每周只需投入几小时，但这项业务每年能创造七位数的可观收入。

It requires only a few hours of Brett's time per week, but it does well into the 7 figures each year.

这个项目可能只有一名全职员工，也可能完全由自由职业者组成。

And it has maybe one full time employee, but it actually may be fully freelancers.

好，我们继续看下一个案例。

Okay, let's move into the next one.

你致富的方式是：为社会提供[此处需根据上下文判断'society what it wants'具体指代内容，建议补充说明或保持直译]

You will get rich by giving society what it wants, but does not yet know how to get at scale.

好的，我有个隐约的怀疑：那些大公司都找到了解决消费者尚未意识到的问题的方法，因为这需要太多想象力或逻辑跳跃才能抵达那个新现实。

Okay, so I have this sneaky suspicion that the largest companies all figured out a way to solve a problem that consumers didn't realize they had because it required too much imagination or too much of a logical leap to arrive at that new reality.

在举例之前，我想再读一遍那条推文。

And I just want to reread the tweet before I go into the examples.

Naval说过：'你会通过给社会提供它想要但尚未知道如何大规模获取的东西而致富。'

Naval says, You will get rich by giving society what it wants, but does not yet know how to get at scale.

亨利·福特有句名言：'如果你当时问人们想要什么，他们会说要更快的马。'

There's the famous quote that Henry Ford said, which is, If you had asked people at the time what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.

原因在于人们只能基于现有技术进行思考。

And the reason for that is people can only think in terms of the technology that exists today.

消费者只能想象比现状高一个数量级的改进。

Consumers can only think one order of magnitude bigger.

但我的观点是，最伟大的发明通常要好上几个数量级。

But my view is the greatest inventions are typically several orders of magnitude better.

第一辆汽车，或是让每个有车的人都变成出租车司机。

The first car or turning everyone with a car into a taxi driver, a.

好。

K.

嗯。

A.

优步，让每个有房子的人都变成酒店经营者。

Uber, turning everyone with a home into a hotelier, a.

好。

K.

嗯。

A.

爱彼迎，将数十种不同的设备浓缩成一个设备——iPhone，通过互联网即时获取搜索结果，而过去只能通过书本查询。

Airbnb, condensing dozens of disparate devices into a single one, the iPhone, getting instant search results via the Internet when the analog was a book.

这些都是在解决客户问题方面高出多个数量级的方案。

These are many orders of magnitude better at solving a problem for customers.

但一般来说，客户只能想到比现有技术高出一个数量级的东西。

But in general, customers can only think about what is one order of magnitude greater and leverages existing technology.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

选择一个能与长期主义者玩长期游戏的行业。

Pick an industry where you can play long term games with long term people.

这一点非常重要，因为世界变化太快，让人们觉得自己必须比实际可能或应该的速度更快地行动。

This one is so important because the world is moving so fast in a way that's making people feel like they need to move faster than they can or they should be.

凡事都需要时间。

Things take time.

耐心是一种美德，但在这个快节奏的世界里，我们似乎正在失去这种品质。

Patience is a virtue, and I feel like we're losing sight of that in this rapid speed world we live in.

这要归功于互联网、技术和社交媒体。

Thanks to the Internet, technology and social media.

所以我想给你讲个小故事。

So I want to tell you a quick story.

最近我遇到一个人，他为自己和家人创造了美好的生活。

I met a man recently who has built a beautiful life for himself and his family.

他们拥有多处房产和多辆汽车。

They have multiple homes, multiple cars.

他拥有时间自由，但他是一个典型的五十年磨一剑的成功案例，这种故事可能更易引起我父母或祖父母辈的共鸣，而非与我同龄的人。

He has freedom of time, but he is the definition of a fifty year overnight success that most people in my parents or grandparents generation can likely resonate with, but not people who are closer to my age.

七十年代时，这个男人几乎身无分文地从伊朗移民到美国。

In the seventies, this man moved to The US from Iran with little to his name.

他在暖通空调诊断领域创办了一家企业。

He started a business in the HVAC diagnostic space.

顺便说一句，这让你意识到赚钱的途径有多么多样化。

And by the way, it just makes you realize how many different ways there are to make money.

历经整整五十年，他建立了一家业务遍布全球的公司。

And over literally five decades, he's built a business that has offices around the world.

公司拥有150名员工，现在他可以将这份事业传承给子女。

It has 150 employees, and now he's able to pass down this business to his children.

在这个媒体大量聚焦于两年内估值达十亿美元的风投初创企业、或是十二个月内实现千万美元年经常性收入创始人的时代，成功的钟摆已过度偏向速度一端。

In a world where so much media oxygen is given to venture backed startups that got to a billion dollar valuation in two years or a founder that got their company to 10,000,000 of ARR in twelve months, the pendulum of success has swung so far in favor of speed.

但这不是大多数人应该参与的游戏。

But that's not the game most people should be playing.

所以我认为，大多数人应该通过一个三步思维实验来思考如何通过长期经营企业积累财富。

So my view is there's a three step thought experiment that I think most people should go through to think about building wealth through a business over the long term.

第一个问题，你应该自问自答。

First question, you should ask yourself an answer.

我有哪些一两个独特的技能组合是永远不会委托他人代劳的？

What are my one to two unique skill sets that I'll never delegate from myself?

第二，我比大多数人更了解的一两个细分领域是什么？

Second, what are the one to two niches that I know more than most people about?

可能是电子邮件通讯。

This could be email newsletters.

可能是B2B SaaS领域的客户成功。

It could be customer success in B2B SaaS.

也可能是婚礼策划。

It could be wedding planning.

你的专长是什么？

What is your thing?

最后，针对第二个问题中你回答的利基市场，什么样的业务已经证明了其成功和产品市场契合度，让你能够在十年或二十年内重建并加入自己独特的视角或价值？

And finally, what is a business in that niche that you answered in question two that has already proven success and product market fit that you can recreate over a decade or two and add your own unique spin or value to?

在我看来，这是培养兴趣和构思的最佳方式，能让你建立一项可以持续积累十年以上的事业。

To me, that is the best way to have the interest and the idea that will allow you to build something that compounds over ten plus years.

顺便说一句，十年都算短的。

And by the way, 10 is on the short end.

我们来看下一条推文。

Let's move on to the next tweet.

互联网极大地拓展了职业发展的可能性空间。

The Internet has massively brought in the possible space of careers.

大多数人还没有意识到这一点。

Most people haven't figured this out yet.

所以如果你对Naval说的内容感兴趣，我建议你去看看一个叫Starter Story的YouTube频道，你会发现网上有多少种随机赚钱和积累财富的方式。

So if you're interested by what Naval says here, I would just go to the YouTube channel called Starter Story, and you will see how many random ways there are to make money and build wealth on the Internet.

但我想说的是，我认为各种随机的职业和生意一直都存在。

But what I'll also say is I think tons of random careers and businesses have always existed.

回想一下《肮脏工作》这档节目，或者我刚讲的那个经营暖通空调诊断业务的人的故事。

Just think back to dirty jobs, but think back to the story I just told you about the guy who has the HVAC diagnostics business.

能赚大钱的冷门生意一直都存在，但由于互联网和内容平台，了解它们是什么以及它们如何实现目标变得前所未有的容易。

Random businesses that make a lot of money have always been around, but knowing what they are and how they accomplish what they did has never been easier because of the Internet and content platform.

所以我认为这种现象感觉上比实际情况更普遍。

So I think it feels more common than it actually is.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

玩迭代游戏。

Play iterated games.

人生中所有的回报，无论是财富、人际关系还是知识，都来自复利。

All the returns in life, whether in wealth, relationships or knowledge, come from compound interest.

下一个。

Next one.

选择商业伙伴时，要注重高智商、充沛精力，最重要的是诚信。

Pick business partners with high intelligence, energy and above all, integrity.

这对我而言至关重要。

This is everything to me.

诚信最为重要，其次是智商和精力，但如果无法信任你的伙伴，这些都毫无意义。

Integrity is the most important and then intelligence and energy are important, but they don't matter if you cannot trust your partner.

我认为Naval这条推文缺少的一点是互补技能组合。

I think one thing that's missing from Naval's tweet here is complementary skill set.

在创业初期，你和合伙人需要分担企业的大部分事务。

In the early days of a business, you are dividing most of the activities of the business between you and your partner or partners.

因此，技能多样性能够最大程度确保以足够高的质量满足企业所有需求。

So having diversity of skills gives you the best odds of covering all the needs of the business in a high enough quality way.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

不要与愤世嫉俗者和悲观主义者合作。

Don't partner with cynics and pessimists.

他们的信念会自我实现。

Their beliefs are self fulfilling.

让我们深入探讨这一点。

Let's go deeper in this one.

这一点确实让我个人深有感触。

This one definitely strikes a chord with me personally.

我非常喜欢这句名言。

I love the quote.

悲观者听起来很聪明。

Pessimists sound smart.

乐观者获得财富。

Optimists get rich.

作为创业者，我长期有种不安全感，担心天生的乐观会让我对业务隐患视而不见，成为糟糕的企业家。

For a long time as an entrepreneur, I had a certain insecurity that my natural optimism would make me blind to cracks forming in a business and would make me a bad entrepreneur.

我曾认为必须保持怀疑态度、有点偏执才能成为成功的创始人。

I had this story that you need to be cynical and you need to be a bit paranoid to be successful founder.

如今，我依然认为保持警觉的心态对于创建公司很重要。

Now, I still think that having a vigilant mindset is important in building a company.

但我目前的工作信条是：我绝不会用任何东西来交换我的乐观态度。

But my current working belief is I wouldn't change my optimism for anything.

我更愿意养成习惯，经常问自己一些关键问题，比如'这里可能会出什么问题？'或'这个决策会带来什么连锁反应？'

And I would rather create a habit around asking myself the right important questions like what could go wrong here or what's the second order effect of this decision?

这些问题能让我在生活中保持警觉，而不是默认处于警惕或悲观状态。

Questions that would allow me to create vigilance in my life rather than being default vigilant or pessimistic.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

学会销售。

Learn to sell.

学会创造。

Learn to build.

如果你能两者兼备，你将所向披靡。

If you can do both, you will be unstoppable.

如果你长期收听《创始人日志》，就会知道我对Naval这条推特的立场。

If you've been listening to Founders Journal for a long time, you know where I stand on this tweet from Naval.

但我认为，如今要想建立一家伟大的企业，你必须在销售或软件开发方面非常出色。

But I believe you either need to be great at sales or great at building software if you want to build a great business today.

而且我相信，随着技术和人工智能加速软件开发及内容故事创作的进程，品味和创造力将变得越来越重要。

And over time, I also believe that taste and creativity will get more and more important as technology and AI accelerate the pace at which software can be built or content and stories can be created.

说实话，我专注于提升自己的销售和讲故事能力，因为我完全不懂编程。

And, you know, just to round this out for me, I focused on my ability to sell and storytell because I can't code for shit.

你必须找到适合自己的赛道。

You have to figure out what is going to be your lane.

下一条推特。

Next tweet.

用专业知识、责任担当和杠杆效应武装自己。

Arm yourself with specific knowledge, accountability and leverage.

他接着说道，专业知识是指那些无法通过培训获得的知识。

Then he says specific knowledge is knowledge that you cannot be trained for.

如果社会能培训你，那么它也能培训别人来取代你。

If society can train you, it can train someone else and replace you.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

特定知识是通过追随你真正的好奇心和热情而发现的，而非追逐当下热门的事物。

Specific knowledge is found by pursuing your genuine curiosity and passion rather than whatever is hot right now.

深入来说，特定知识——或Naval所称的特定知识——对我而言等同于'天才区'的概念，这是我过去讨论过的，由Conscious Leadership Group推广开来的理念。

To go deeper here, specific knowledge or what Naval calls specific knowledge, me is synonymous with this idea of zone of genius, which I've talked about in the past, made famous by the Conscious Leadership Group.

天才区，或称特定知识，是指你拥有一系列技能——我们每个人都有。

And zone of genius, or specific knowledge, is this idea that you have a set of skills, we all do.

我们都具备一系列特别适合自己、能发挥我们与生俱来的独特天赋与优势的技能。

We all have a set of skills that we are uniquely suited to do that draws upon our special gifts and strengths that we were born with.

而且当你运用这些特定技能时，你会感觉时间仿佛消融了。

And also, when you do these specific skills, you feel like time is melting away.

你人生和职业生涯中最重要的任务之一，就是弄清楚什么是你的特定知识，或者说什么是属于你的天才区。

One of your most important jobs in life and in career is figuring out what is your specific knowledge or what is within your zone of genius.

对我来说，那一两件事就是好奇心和讲故事。

For me, those two things or the one or two things is curiosity and storytelling.

所以我一直在思考如何磨砺好奇心和讲故事这把刀？

And so I continue to figure out how can I sharpen the knife that is curiosity and storytelling?

你需要弄清楚你生命中那一两件重要的事是什么。

You need to figure out what those one or two things are in your life.

确保你在这些事上投入三倍精力。

Make sure you are tripling down on those things.

当你思考自己的弱点时，只需确保这些弱点不会阻碍你真正深入自己的天才领域。

And when you think about your weaknesses, just make sure your weaknesses aren't bad enough to hold you back from really leaning into your zone of genius.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

构建特定知识对你来说会像玩耍般轻松，但在他人眼中却像工作。

Building specific knowledge will feel like play to you, but will look like work to others.

下一条。

Next one.

特定知识的传授是通过学徒制而非学校教育实现的。

When specific knowledge is taught, it's through apprenticeships, not schools.

再多说一点，我认为Naval之所以说特定知识是通过学徒制而非学校传授的，是因为特定知识或者说你的天赋领域不是可以通过训练获得的。

So just to say a little bit more here, I think the reason that Naval says this, that specific knowledge is taught through apprenticeships, not schools, is because specific knowledge or your zone of genius is not something that you can be trained for.

它是通过实践经验从你身上发掘出来的。

It is pulled out of you through experience.

你通过观察它在现实生活中发挥作用并意识到'嘿，我在这方面相当在行'，从而认识到自己的特定知识。

You realize your specific knowledge through watching it spring into action in real life and realizing, hey, I'm pretty damn good at this thing.

举个例子，我在密歇根大学上市场营销课时，并没有意识到自己擅长销售。

For example, I didn't realize I was good at sales when I was sitting in a marketing class at the University of Michigan.

直到22岁时，我与一位财富50强的首席营销官通话，当场就让他们承诺在Morning Brew上投入六位数的资金，我才意识到这一点。

I realized it when I got on a call as a 22 year old with a Fortune fifty CMO, and I got them to commit to spending 6 figures with Morning Brew on the spot.

你通过实践经验发现自己的特定知识——我将其视为独特技能，并通过在世界上积累越来越多的经验来扩大你的经验接触面，从而加快发现这些技能的速度。

You find your specific knowledge, which I think of as unique skills through experience, and you increase the speed at which you find those skills by expanding your surface area of experiences by having more and more experiences in the world.

下一条推文。

Next tweet.

特定知识通常具有高度技术性或创造性。

Specific knowledge is often highly technical or creative.

它无法被外包或自动化。

It cannot be outsourced or automated.

下一个。

Next one.

勇于承担责任，以个人名义承担商业风险。

Embrace accountability and take business risks under your own name.

社会将用责任、股权和杠杆作为回报。

Society will reward you with responsibility, equity and leverage.

继续下一个。

Onto the next.

最具责任感的人拥有独特且高风险的公众形象。

The most accountable people have singular public and risky brands.

奥普拉、特朗普、坎耶和埃隆。

Oprah, Trump, Kanye, and Elon.

下一个，引述阿基米德的话：'给我一个足够长的杠杆和一个支点，我就能撬动地球。'

Next one, quote, give me a lever long enough and a place to stand, and I will move the earth from Archimedes Archimedes.

懂希腊神话的人可能会对我尖叫，因为我不知道怎么正确发音他的名字，但我就叫他阿基米德吧。

Whoever knows Greek mythology is going to scream at me because I don't know how to pronounce his name, but Archimedes, I'm going to call him.

下一个。

Next one.

这里我们开始讨论杠杆原理。

And this is where we get into leverage.

财富需要杠杆作用。

Fortunes require leverage.

商业杠杆来自资本、人力以及零边际复制成本的产品——即代码和媒体。

Business leverage comes from capital, people and products with no marginal cost of replication, which is code and media.

所以我们要花点时间讨论这一点。

So we're going to spend a little bit of time on this one.

这可能是整个推文串中关于实现财务自由和时间自由最重要的一条。

This is probably the most important tweet in the entire thread to be financially independent and time independent.

你需要为自己创造杠杆效应。

You need to create leverage for yourself.

为什么？

Why?

好吧，我们举个例子来说明。

Well, let's use an example.

假设你工作一小时能赚100美元。

Let's say you put in an hour of work and you get $100 out.

再假设你工作两小时能赚200美元。

And then let's say you put in two hours of work and you get $200 out.

这就是用时间换金钱的定义。

This is the definition of trading time for money.

在这个等式里，只有两种方法能增加你的收入。

And there are only two ways to increase how much money you make in this equation.

你可以延长工作时间，但现实地说，大多数人最多工作十二小时就已经很慷慨了。

You can spend more hours working, but realistically, most people will cap out at twelve hours and that's generous.

或者你可以提高每小时的工作报酬，这是可行的。

Or you can get paid more per hour of work, which is possible.

看看纽约市的公司律师，他们每小时收费5000美元。

Look at New York City corporate lawyers who bill $5,000 an hour.

但每小时能赚多少钱是有上限的。

But there is a ceiling to how much you can make per hour.

而且这也意味着你需要投入更多时间来赚更多钱。

And also it means you need to spend more time to make more money.

杠杆就像一种神奇的工具，能让你一天拥有超过24小时。

Leverage is this magic tool that gives you more than twenty four hours in a day.

它有四种形式：资本，比如你把100美元投入标普500指数。

And it comes in four forms capital, meaning you put $100 into the S and P 500.

这笔钱可以增长，无论你是否全天都在工作。

That money can grow whether or not you're working at all hours of the day.

所以你的资金增值与你付出的努力完全无关。

So your money appreciating is not tied at all to the effort you've put in.

接下来是人。

The next is people.

你可以雇佣一个团队或将任务委派给海外行政助理。

You hire a team or delegate tasks to an offshore executive assistant.

这样你就能腾出时间，同时服务更多客户。

And again, you have the ability to free up your time while being able to service more customers.

因此你将时间投入与收入能力脱钩。

So you're decoupling your time spent efforting with how much money you can make.

第三是代码。

The third is code.

接下来我要分享的两点，就是Naval稍后会提到的'无需许可的杠杆'。

And the next two I'm going to share are what Naval you'll see in a second calls permissionless leverage.

你需要获得他人的许可。

You need permission from people.

你需要许可才能获得报酬，但代码和内容无需许可。

You need permission to get paid, but you don't need permission from code or content.

以代码为例，你花25小时开发一款软件后，就能将其分发给数十亿互联网用户，而无需为每个新客户额外投入时间。

So code, the example here is you work for twenty five hours to create a piece of software once you can now distribute that same piece of software to billions of people that are connected to the Internet without having to spend additional time for each new customer.

这就是杠杆的定义，最后一种是媒体或内容。

That is the definition of and the final is media or content.

你创作一份内容，分发给第一百万位读者所花的时间，与分发给第一位读者完全相同。

You create a piece of content, the amount of time it takes to distribute it to the one millionth person who's going to read it is no different than the time it took to deliver it to the first person who read it.

以Morning Brew为例，其新闻简报团队的全职员工数量在拥有450万订阅用户（即当前规模）时，

The example of Morning Brew is Morning Brews newsletter team is for full time employees at four and a half million subscribers, which is what we have today.

与四年前仅有5万订阅用户时完全一致。

And that is the exact number of full time employees we had on the newsletter four years ago when we had 50,000 subscribers.

因此无需投入更多时间就能触达更多受众，最终实现更大规模的变现。

So you don't need more time put into the thing to get more people to see the thing and ultimately to monetize the thing in a bigger and greater way.

接下来我们将解读Naval关于杠杆的更多推文。

So now we're going to go into a few more tweets about leverage that Nimal shares.

他随后提到：资本即资金。要融资，就要运用你的专长，保持责任感，并展现出良好的判断力。

He then says capital means money to raise money, apply your specific knowledge with accountability and show resulting good judgment.

然后他说劳动力意味着为你工作的人。

Then he says labor means people working for you.

这是最古老且争夺最激烈的杠杆形式。

It's the the oldest and most fought over form of leverage.

劳动力杠杆会让你的父母印象深刻，但别浪费生命去追逐它。

Labor leverage will impress your parents, but don't waste your life chasing it.

接着他谈到了无需许可的杠杆。

Then he goes into permissionless leverage.

他说代码和媒体就是无需许可的杠杆。

He says code and media are permissionless leverage.

它们是新富阶层背后的杠杆力量。

They are the leverage behind the newly rich.

你可以创造在你睡觉时仍为你工作的软件和媒体。

You can create software and media that works for you while you sleep.

接下来，一支机器人军团随时可供使用。

Next, an army of robots is freely available.

它们被集中安置在数据中心以提高散热和空间效率。

It's just packed in data centers for heat and space efficiency.

好好利用它。

Use it.

他接着说，如果你不会编程，那就写书和博客，录制视频和播客——就像我这样，因为我不会编程。

He then says, if you can't code, write books and blogs, record videos and podcasts, AKA me because I cannot code.

接下来，杠杆效应是你判断力的力量倍增器。

Next up, leverage is a force multiplier for your judgment.

这里他想要表达的核心是：你拥有多少好主意以及做出多少深思熟虑的决策。

Here, what he's saying is basically the extent to which you have good ideas and make thoughtful decisions.

杠杆效应会放大这些决策或创意的价值与质量。

Leverage will multiply the value or how good those decisions or those ideas are.

随后他指出，判断力需要经验积累，但通过学习基础技能可以加速培养。

He then says judgment requires experience, but can be built faster by learning foundational skills.

最后他强调，并不存在所谓'商业'这项单一技能。

Next, he says there is no skill called business.

避开商业杂志和商业课程。

Avoid business magazines and business classes.

我大体上同意这点，但我会说通过传记、自传，比如那些已被证实的创业者和创始人的著作，来研究商业阶层的信念和行为是值得的，但前提是你自己已经踏入竞技场，并拥有了创业的实际经验。

I generally agree with this, but I would say studying the beliefs and behaviors of business grades through biographies, autobiographies, like the writings of proven entrepreneurs and founders is a worthy activity, but only after you step into the arena yourself and have the experience of building a business yourself.

他接着说，要学习微观经济学、博弈论、心理学、说服术、伦理学、数学和计算机。

He then says, study microeconomics, game theory, psychology, persuasion, ethics, mathematics and computers.

然后阅读比听讲更快。

Then reading is faster than listening.

行动比观望更高效。

Doing is faster than watching.

他接着说，你应该忙到没时间'喝咖啡'，同时保持日程表简洁。

He then says you should be too busy to quote do coffee while still keeping an uncluttered calendar.

这听起来可能令人困惑或自相矛盾。

This may sound confusing or like an oxymoron.

我认为Naval的意思是，你应该把时间花在最高杠杆效应的任务上，这些任务很可能不包括喝咖啡。

What I believe Naval means by this is you should be spending your time on your highest leverage tasks, which likely won't be doing coffee.

这并不意味着你就没时间喝咖啡了。

Now, that doesn't mean you won't have time for coffee.

只是说你可能需要优先处理那些需要深度思考且不受干扰的任务，因此与人喝咖啡就不值得你花时间。

It just means the things you'll likely want to prioritize require deep thought for periods of uninterrupted time, which is why going and doing coffee with someone won't be worthy of your time.

我想这就是他想表达的意思。

I think that's what he's trying to say here.

接下来，Naval说要设定并坚持一个理想的小时费率标准。

Next, Naval says set and enforce an aspirational personal hourly rate.

如果解决某个问题节省的费用低于你的时薪，那就忽略它。

If fixing a problem will save less than your hourly rate, ignore it.

如果外包某项任务的成本低于

If outsourcing a task will cost less than your hourly rate, outsource it.

然后他说要尽可能努力工作，尽管共事对象和工作内容比努力程度更重要。

He then says work as hard as you can, even though who you work with and what you work on are more important than how hard you work.

我要在这里补充一个说明。

I'll just add a caveat here.

努力工作确实很重要，但我也想说，关爱自己并以身体能够承受的方式工作同样重要。

Working really hard is really important, but I'd also say it is really important for you to be self loving and work in the way in which your body is capable.

大多数企业家都对自己非常苛刻且充满竞争意识。

Most entrepreneurs are very self critical and competitive.

我就是这样的人之一。

I am one of those people.

我曾经因为无法集中注意力、容易分心以及需要频繁休息而苛责自己。

I used to beat myself up for being unfocused and distracted and needing to take frequent breaks while I worked.

现在我不再这样做了，因为我认为我的大脑就是这样的运作方式。

I don't do that anymore because the way I think about it is my brain is the way that it is.

我需要规定自己只工作二十分钟，然后休息五分钟。

And me needing to say only work for twenty minutes and then take a five minute break.

这对某些人来说听起来很可笑，但这是我大脑运作方式所付出的代价。

It sounds ridiculous for some people, but this is a trade off for all of the beautiful ways in which my brain works.

当然，我一直在寻找方法以更高效、更努力地工作，但我以当前的工作状态作为基准。

Of course, I'm always trying to find ways to work better and harder, but I'm using my current state of work as the baseline.

所以我正努力从当下状态逐步提升。

So I'm trying to get better from where I am today.

而这就是我的参照标准——不同于过去，那时我的参照标准是与他人工作方式竞争，但这根本不符合我的天性以及我的大脑运作方式。

And that's my reference point versus in the past, my reference point was being competitive with how other people work, and it just wasn't in the realm of possibility for who I am and the way that my brain works.

接下来，要成为重新定义你所做之事的最佳者，直至这成为现实。

Next up, become the best in the world at redefining what you do until this is true.

他随后表示，世上不存在快速致富的捷径。

He then says there are no get rich quick schemes.

那不过是别人从你身上获利的手段罢了。

That's just someone else getting rich off you.

其次最后一点，他提到要运用专业知识加上杠杆效应，最终你会得到应得的回报。

Second, the last one, he says apply specific knowledge with leverage and eventually you will get what you deserve.

最后这条推文，我只想分享几点看法，他说，当你最终富有时，会发现那并非最初追求的目标。

And the final tweet, which I just want to share a few thoughts on, he says, When you're finally wealthy, you'll realize that it wasn't what you were seeking in the first place.

不过这是后话了。

But that's for another day.

关于Naval的最后这条推文，我只能说——我要再读一遍因为觉得它太重要了——他说：当你最终变得富有时，你会意识到那根本不是你最初追求的东西，不过这是后话了。

All I can say to Naval on this last tweet, which I'm to read again because I think it's so important, is he said, when you're finally wealthy, you'll realize that it wasn't what you were seeking in the first place, but that's for another day.

阿门，Naval。

Amen, Naval.

在亲身经历了Naval所说的这一切，却没有感受到预期中财富带来的快乐后，我总结出了真正带给我幸福感的几件事。

After going through exactly what Naval is talking about and not feeling what I thought I'd feel from becoming wealthy, I have boiled down what I believe to be the things that actually have given me happiness.

为了让不太了解我故事的人明白背景，简单说一下：2020年我卖掉了公司，获得了非常幸运的财务回报。

And I just want, for those who don't kind of know my story, just to set the context here, sold my business in 2020, had a really fortunate financial outcome.

本以为这会让我快乐。

Thought I would be happy from it.

但事实并非如此。

Was not happy from it.

我花了很多时间思考究竟是什么能真正让我快乐。

I've spent a lot of time thinking about what are the things that truly make me happy.

共有四件事。

There are four things.

我将逐一为你解读，最后再作总结反思。

I'm going to read them to you, and then I'm going to reflect on them at the end.

第一是感受到我所深爱之人的爱意。

The first is feeling loved by those that I love deeply.

第二是感觉自己不断接近并实现全部潜能。

The second is feeling like I'm always growing closer and closer to my full potential.

第三是践行承诺，即保持个人诚信。

The third is doing the things that I say I'm going to do, AKA having personal integrity.

第四是保持游戏心态。

And the fourth is being playful.

现在最讽刺又悲哀的是——我根本不需要那次套现。

Now, the hilarious and sad irony of all of this is that I did not need an exit.

我本不必出售公司。

I did not need to sell my company.

我本不需要财富就能获得刚才提到的所有四种幸福源泉。

I did not need wealth to experience any of the four things that I just mentioned that drive my happiness.

这就是Naval Ravikant所著的《如何不靠运气致富》的核心内容。

And so that is How to Get Rich Without Getting Lucky by Naval Ravikant.

现在，我很想听听你们的想法。

Now, I would love to hear from you.

你们喜欢这种新形式吗？

How do you like this new format?

再次强调，这个节目是为你们而设，我希望不断改进它，让它对持续追求企业成长的企业家们最有价值。

Again, this show is for you all, and I want to keep evolving it in a way that makes it most valuable for the entrepreneur who's continuously trying to be better at building their company.

这种形式是我在互联网上搜寻企业家所需的前1%优质内容，然后为你们总结提炼，让你们无需花费大量时间就能掌握要点。

This format is the one where I scour the Internet for the top 1% of content for entrepreneurs, and then I summarize it and synthesize it for you so you get the gist without spending all the time on it.

但我想知道，这对你们有价值吗？

But I want to know, is that valuable for you?

你们喜欢这种方式吗？

Are you enjoying it?

请发邮件至Alex@morningbrew.com告诉我。

Shoot me an email to Alex@morningbrew.com.

请告诉我。

Let me know.

一如既往地，非常感谢您收听《创始人日志》，我们下期节目再见。

And as always, thank you so much for listening to Founders Journal, and I'll catch you next episode.