香港法院判处黎智英20年监禁

这个BBC播客由英国境外的广告支持。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

美国正在变化，世界也是如此。

America is changing, and so is the world.

但美国正在发生的事情不仅仅是全球动荡的原因。

But what's happening in America isn't just the cause of global upheaval.

它也是正在世界各地发生的动荡的体现。

It's also a symptom of disruption that's happening everywhere.

我是来自华盛顿特区的阿斯玛·哈利德。

I'm Asma Khalid in Washington, DC.

我是来自伦敦的特里斯坦·雷德曼，欢迎收听《全球故事》。

I'm Tristan Redman in London, and this is the Global Story.

每个工作日，我们都会为您带来一个关于世界与美国交汇点的故事。

Every weekday, we'll bring you a story from this intersection where the world and America meet.

请在bbc.com或您收听播客的任何平台收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

来自BBC的访谈，汇集全球最精彩的对话。

The interview, the best conversations from across the BBC.

今天，我们在战争上花费数万亿美元，却在和平上只投入区区 peanuts。

Today, we are spending trillions on war and peanuts on peace.

与塑造我们世界的人对话。

With the people shaping our world.

你正在做出的决定，将对大气中温室气体的水平产生长期影响。

You're making decisions that will have long term consequences for the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

美国的风能产业已经获得了三十三年的补贴。

Wind power in The United States has been subsidized for thirty three years.

太阳能产业则获得了二十五年的补贴。

Solar for twenty five years.

够了。

That's enough.

来自BBC世界服务的访谈。

The interview from the BBC World Service.

立即在您收听BBC播客的平台收听。

Listen now wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

这是来自BBC世界服务的全球新闻播客。

This is the global news podcast from the BBC World Service.

我是塞莉娅·哈顿，本周一2月9日格林尼治时间16:00，以下是我们的主要新闻。

I'm Celia Hatton, and at sixteen hundred GMT on Monday, February 9, these are our main stories.

亿万富翁黎智英曾是香港民主运动的核心人物，如今被判入狱二十年。

Jimmy Lai, the billionaire who once stood at the heart of Hong Kong's push for democracy is slated to spend the next twenty years in prison.

我们将为您带来中国香港特区及国际社会的反应。

We'll bring you reaction from the Chinese territory and beyond.

此外，我们将前往东京。

Plus, we'll go to Tokyo.

在赢得压倒性选举胜利后，高市早苗为日本规划了哪些政策？

Fresh after her landslide election win, what does Sanae Takayichi have planned for Japan?

本期播客还涉及一桩法国谋杀案，因一对双胞胎兄弟拥有几乎相同的DNA而变得复杂。

Also in this podcast, a murder trial in France that's been complicated by identical twin brothers having nearly the same DNA.

你有没有带着宿醉去上班过？

And have you ever gone to work with a hangover?

酒精对我们的大脑有什么影响。

What alcohol does to our brains.

实际上，至少需要一整天清醒加另一个晚上的睡眠，因为你的大脑难以应对脱水。

Effectively, it takes at least a clear day and another night of sleep because your brain struggles with the dehydration.

首先，他是一位企业家，创立了一个时尚帝国并赚取了数十亿财富。

First, he's an entrepreneur who founded a fashion empire and made billions.

但后来，黎智英投身政治，建立了一个支持香港——这个中国领土——能够转型为民主社会的主要媒体集团。

But then Jimmy Lai turned to politics, building a major media conglomerate that supported the idea that Hong Kong, a Chinese territory, could transform itself into a democracy.

多年来，黎智英一直是香港青年推动民主运动的核心人物。

For years, Jimmy Lai was at the heart of youth driven push for democracy there.

随后，北京扼杀了这场运动，通过在香港实施严格的国家安全法规来巩固其统治。

And then Beijing wiped out that movement, asserting its rule by imposing tough national security regulations on Hong Kong.

黎智英的媒体网络被关闭，去年十二月，他被裁定违反了这些国家安全法。

Jimmy Lai's media network was shut down, and in December, he was found guilty of violating those national security laws.

今天，这位78岁的老人被判处20年监禁。

Today, the 78 year old was sentenced to twenty years in prison.

北京当局为这一判决辩护，称其是合法的。

The leadership in Beijing defended the sentence, saying it was legitimate.

中国官方媒体称这一判决是对其他人的严厉警告。

Chinese state media called the sentence a stern warning to others.

英国政府对此判决作出回应，扩大了面向更多香港居民的签证计划，称这表明香港的国家安全法已将异议刑事化，并促使许多人离开。

The British government responded to the sentence by expanding its visa scheme to more people living in Hong Kong, saying it showed that the territory's national security law had criminalized dissent and prompted many to leave.

但Jimmy Lai的儿子Sebastian表示，再多的监禁时间都将危及他父亲的生命。

But Jimmy Lai's son, Sebastian, said any more time in prison would endanger his father's life.

我们某种程度上预料到会发生这种情况，但没想到会拖上五年。

We kind of expected this would happen, but we didn't expect that it would take five years.

我的意思是，他过去五年一直被关押在最高安全级别的监狱里。

I mean, he's been in solid confinement for the last five years in a maximum security prison.

他的健康状况严重恶化，正如你从人权观察组织听到的那样，再过二十年，他就一百岁了。

His health has tremendously suffered and as you would have heard from Human Rights Watch, in twenty years, he's 100.

但即使他再被判两三年，考虑到他的健康状况、心脏问题，以及他 alone 就减重了十公斤，这基本上等于死刑。

But even if he got another two, three years, given his health, given that he has heart issues, given that he's lost 10 kilos of loss here alone, that's basically a death sentence.

这位流亡海外的民主派政治人物胡志伟对罗布·杨表达了他对此事的反应。

The pro democracy politician Ted Hui, who's gone into exile from Hong Kong, gave his reaction to Rob Young.

这是一个典型的政治判决，而且非常非常严厉。

It is a textbook political verdict, and it is very, very harsh.

我认为政权的目标根本不是真正的犯罪行为，完全不是，而是那些为民主、自由和多元主义发声的人。

I think the target of the regime is not genuine criminal conduct, not at all, but voices that stood for democracy, freedom and pluralism.

所以，认为《苹果日报》在港合法运营了二十六年都没问题，现在却突然成了罪犯，这简直荒谬。

So to think that Apple Daily operated legally in Hong Kong for twenty six years without issues and suddenly now he's a criminal.

全世界都清楚正在发生什么。

So the world knows what's happening.

真正的罪过，在于他的影响力和公信力超出了当权者的控制。

The real offense, it was was influence and credibility beyond control of those in power.

如今，香港和中国当局称，李先生得到了公正的审判。

Now the Hong Kong and Chinese authorities say that Mr Lai has been given a fair trial.

然而，他的孩子们表示，对于任何相信真理、自由和正义的人来说，今天都是黑暗的一天。

His children though have said that this is a dark day for anyone who believes in truth, freedom and justice.

你认为如今香港的司法体系和自由状况如何？

What would you say is the state of the justice system of freedoms in Hong Kong today?

说他得到了公正审判，这简直可笑。

To say that he's been given a fair trial is laughable.

我们都清楚，这是香港司法的崩溃，因为它标志着香港曾经所理解的司法体系的彻底瓦解。

So we all know it's the collapse of justice in Hong Kong because it marks the complete collapse of what was once understood as justice in Hong Kong.

想想最初保释被拒时，根本没有无罪推定；中期又不允许陪审团审判，还不允许他自行选择律师，你却称这为公正审判。

To think about in the early stage when bail was rejected there was no presumption of innocence and in the middle stage when there was no jury trial allowed and also he's not allowed to choose his own lawyer and you call this a fair trial.

我觉得这太荒谬了。

I think this is laughable.

这纯粹是香港司法的崩溃。

This is just a collapse of justice in Hong Kong.

人权观察这一倡导组织将这一判决描述为残忍且极不公正。

The campaigning organisation Human Rights Watch have described the sentence both as cruel and profoundly unjust.

他们还将此描述为实际上的死刑。

They've also described it as effectively a death sentence.

您是否看到任何法律途径，能让黎智英对这一判决提出上诉，或许有朝一日能走出监狱？

Do you see any legal avenue which could see Jimmy Lai being able to appeal this sentence, perhaps to set foot outside of prison at any point in the rest of his life?

怀着沉重的心情，我真的看不到任何希望。

With a saddened heart, really do not.

黎智英是一位年迈的老人，如今已近八十岁，在我看来，以及在许多人看来，这对他而言就是死刑；更何况他一直被关押在单独监禁中，我相信这种情况还会继续下去，这远远超出了司法惩罚的范畴。

So Jimmy Lai is an elderly man, is now at almost 80s and to me and to many we all know that it's a death sentence to him and given the fact that he's been serving his time already in solitary confinement and I believe that will continue to be the case So this is way more than judicial punishment.

这是政治迫害，在国际上是不可接受的。

This is political torture and which is unacceptable internationally.

您是众多被迫离开香港的前民主派立法会议员之一，而且现在悬赏捉拿您，对吧？

Now you are one of many former pro democracy legislators in Hong Kong who have had to leave the country, and that there is a bounty on your head, isn't there?

中国愿意支付巨额资金，以获取任何可能将您引渡回香港、像黎智英那样接受审判的信息。

China would pay large sums of money for information that might lead to you being returned to Hong Kong to face a trial in the way that Jimmy Lai did.

那么，对于过去几小时来自香港的新闻，您个人有何感受？

So how do you feel personally about the news from Hong Kong over the past few hours?

那你采取了哪些措施来确保自己不会出现在香港的法庭上？

And what steps do you take to ensure that you don't end up in a Hong Kong courtroom?

我能感同身受，因为我们基本上在同一艘船上。

I feel I can put myself into his shoes because we are on basically on one boat.

我们都曾为民主而奋斗。

We both fought for democracy.

我们都为香港的自由发声，而现在我们都成了被针对的目标。

We both spoke up for freedom of Hong Kong and now we are targeted.

但我算是幸运的。

But I'm the lucky one.

我逃出了香港，但Jamie就没这么幸运了，所以我能深深理解他的处境。

I got out of the country but not so lucky for Jamie so I can relate very much.

如果我返回香港，将面临同样的下场。

If I am to return to Hong Kong, will face exactly the same consequence.

所以，是的，我对发生在家乡香港的这一切感到痛心，我呼吁国际社会不要视而不见，不要沉默，尽管这个案子已经结案，但请想想这位老人——他选择留在香港，选择留在监狱，只为香港的自由。

So yes, I feel terrible about this happening to my home country, my homeland in Hong Kong and I urge international communities not to turn a blind eye, not to not speak out because the case is now closed but think about this old man who would stay in prison, who choose to stay in Hong Kong and choose to stay in prison just for Hong Kong's freedom.

这有多高尚呢？

And how noble is that?

胡志伟，前香港立法会议员。

Ted Hui, a former member of the Hong Kong legislature.

要了解更多关于Jimmy Lai所面临判决的故事，你可以去YouTube，搜索BBC新闻，点击标志，然后选择播客和全球新闻播客。

Well, for more on the story, that sentence faced by Jimmy Lai, you can go on YouTube, search for BBC News, click on the logo, then choose podcasts and global news podcast.

每个工作日都会更新新的内容。

There's a new story available every weekday.

在我们之前的播客中，我们报道了日本首相高市早苗的重大选举胜利。

In our earlier podcast, we brought you news of the big election victory by the Japanese prime minister Sanae Takaiichi.

几个小时前，她在东京举行新闻发布会，谈到迫切需要进行重大政策调整。

A few hours ago, she gave a news conference in Tokyo where she was talking about an urgent need for major policy shifts.

高市早苗表示，选民支持在政府支出和安全等各方面采取大胆改革，特别提到了增加国防开支。

Sanae Takaiichi says the voters have endorsed bold reform on everything from government spending to security, mentioning increased defense spending in particular.

我们将提前修订这三份战略文件的时间表，并从根本上加强我们的国家安全政策。

We will move up the timetable for revising these three strategic documents and fundamentally strengthen our national security policy.

一个国家必须靠自己的力量保卫自己。

A nation must defend itself with its own hands.

没有这种决心的国家，不会有人来援助。

No one will come to the aid of a country that lacks such determination.

我们将坚定不移地保护我国的和平与独立、领土、领海和领空，以及所有公民的生命与安全。

We will steadfastly protect our nation's peace and independence, its territory, territorial waters, and airspace, and the lives and safety of all of our citizens.

不敢迎接挑战的国家，没有未来。

A country that does not take on challenges has no future.

但这些大胆的计划在实践中究竟意味着什么？

But what exactly do those bold plans mean in practice?

我向我们在东京的记者沙玛·霍迪翁提出了这个问题。

That's a question I asked our correspondent in Tokyo, Shama Khodion.

如果要概括为两大要点，那就是大规模政府支出。

If you were to give them two big headlines, it was spending, big government spending.

现在她获得了所期望的授权，这些结果使她的政党在立法上几乎拥有完全控制权。

And now that she's got this mandate that she wanted, these results give her party near total control legislatively.

所以她可以走进议会说：看。

So she can go into parliament and say, look.

我打算将消费税在两年内降至零，这正是她计划要做的。

I want to cut consumption tax to zero for two years, which is what she's planning to do.

我想要为企业提供税收减免。

I want to give tax relief to businesses.

我想要增加家庭支出，而她几乎可以毫无阻碍地推进这些措施。

I want higher spending for households, and she can go unopposed almost.

这在短期内将是好消息。

Now this will be good news in the short term.

对于我们在选举期间接触过的日本家庭来说，这将是好消息，他们表示最迫切的需求是缓解通胀、减轻预算压力、应对价格上涨。

It will be good news for Japanese families whom we've spoken to during the elections and who've said the one big thing they want is relief on inflation, on their budget, on rising prices.

因此，这将有所帮助。

And so that is going to help.

我认为市场会有些不安，因为这些资金从何而来？

I think markets are going to be a little bit jittery because where is that money going to come from?

我认为她还想花一大笔钱在国防上。

And I think another bit of money that she wants to spend, a huge chunk of money is on defense.

她希望提升日本的国防预算。

She wants to boost the Japanese defense budget.

她希望日本军队更加积极主动，装备更加精良。

She wants the Japanese military to be much more assertive, much better equipped.

这一点也曾在唐纳德·特朗普访日时被他提及过。

And it's something that Donald Trump himself, when he was here, also alluded to.

他希望日本在国防上投入更多资金。

He wants Japan to spend more money on defense.

我觉得特别有意思的是，她在向日本民众发表讲话后，又对她的政党及执政联盟说：听好了。

I thought what was really interesting is after she addressed the Japanese people, she spoke to her party and her governing coalition and said, look.

我们没有时间沉溺于这场胜利的荣耀中。

You know, we have no time to bask in the glory of this victory.

只是想强调一下重点。

Just making a fine point.

我们需要立即召开议会并通过预算，这将成为她领导力的核心支柱。

We need to get on with convening parliament and passing the budget, which is going to be really the cornerstone of her leadership.

这很有趣，不是吗？

It's interesting, isn't it?

因为就在过去的几个小时里，我们听到了北京对这些防务计划的强烈反对。

Because just in the past few hours, we've heard some quite strong pushback from Beijing against these defense plans.

所以高市早苗在对华问题上，确实是在走一条微妙的平衡路线，对吧？

So Sanae Takahichi, she's she's walking a bit of a fine line, isn't she, when it comes to China?

我觉得是的。

I think so.

实际上，我认为她在对华和对美关系上都在走一条微妙的平衡路线。

I think she's walking a fine line when it comes to China and The United States, actually.

因为如果你现在看的话，她在两国所受到的待遇看起来像是两个极端。

Because if you look at it right now, they look like polar opposites in the way that she's been received.

唐纳德·特朗普已经支持了她。

Donald Trump has endorsed her.

他祝贺她获胜。

He congratulated her on her win.

他赞扬了她宣布提前选举的果断举措。

He praised the bold move that she took when she announced the snap election.

她定于三月前往华盛顿。

She's due in Washington in March.

但我也认为，她和她的团队心里都清楚，即使唐纳德·特朗普站在你这边，他也是一个非常不可预测的盟友。

But I also think that in the back of her mind and in the back of her team's mind, they know that Donald Trump can be a very unpredictable ally even if he's on your side.

当然，美国是日本最大的防务盟友。

And, of course, America is Japan's biggest defense ally.

另一方面，她面临着北京的强烈愤怒。

On the other hand, she faces a very angry Beijing.

我认为他们还没有原谅她去年十一月暗示日本若遭中国攻击台湾可能介入军事行动的言论。

I don't think they've forgiven her for what she said alluding to the fact that Japan could get involved militarily if China attacked Taiwan back in November.

这已经触碰了他们的所有红线。

That has crossed all sorts of red lines for them.

即使在他们今天对她的授权和压倒性胜利的回应中，他们再次表示，我们再次敦促日方撤回山内早苗的错误言论——他们是这样描述的。

And even in their response today to her mandate and to her resounding victory, they again said, we once again urged the Japanese side to withdraw Sanae Takahichi's erroneous remarks is how they described it.

但中国仍然是日本最大的贸易伙伴。

But they remain Japan's biggest trading partner.

因此，我认为这里的微妙之处在于，这种外交紧张局势会持续下去，而与此同时，贸易和商业是否能照常进行？

And so I think the fine line here is that will this tension in diplomacy continue and then in a parallel existence, trade and business move on?

还是中国如此愤怒将带来长期后果？

Or is there going to be a long term consequence of how angry China is?

山姆·哈利勒发自东京。

Shamah Khalil in Tokyo.

法国正在受审的两名同卵双胞胎因DNA几乎完全相同，使得调查人员难以确定谁是开枪者。

Two identical twins on trial for murder in France have confounded attempts to determine which one pulled the trigger because they have nearly the same DNA.

这对33岁的兄弟是巴黎附近一起审判中的五名被告之一。

The 33 year old brothers are among five defendants on trial near Paris.

他们被指控在2020年犯下两起谋杀案以及多起故意杀人未遂案。

They're accused of a double murder in addition to several attempted killings in 2020.

法医科学家洛娜·道森向蒂姆·弗兰克斯解释了为何难以区分双胞胎。

Forensic scientist Lorna Dawson told Tim Franks why it's so difficult to differentiate between identical twins.

这

The

调查人员可以得出结论，他们可以将两人均纳入嫌疑范围，但除非获得指纹等证据，否则几乎无法排除其中一人，因为双胞胎的指纹不同，这是由于他们在子宫内所处的环境条件不同而形成的。

investigators can conclude that they can include both but they can rarely exclude one unless they get a finger mark for example because individual twins have different fingerprints because it's developed in the womb in different environmental conditions.

因此，如果存在指纹，就可以用它来区分，而不是依赖DNA。

So that could, if it's available, be able to discriminate rather than using the DNA.

这是否仅仅是因为警方目前可用的DNA检测技术有限？还是存在某种极其先进的DNA检测方法，尽管可能更繁琐、更昂贵，但如果使用的话，能够区分这些同卵双胞胎？

And is it just the case that it's the sort of DNA tests that are currently available to police forces, or is there some sort of ultra sophisticated DNA test which could, if it were used, and it might be more cumbersome, more expensive, but that if it were used it could differentiate between these identical twins?

正如你所想象的，科学在开发和测试新方法方面进展迅速。事实上，在我参与的一个项目中，我们研究单细胞测序，例如线粒体DNA以及随时间变化的DNA甲基化等，这些都可能区分出DNA相同的双胞胎，因为随着时间推移，会出现细微但可检测到的变化。

As you can imagine, science moves at pace in developing and testing new methods and indeed in a project that I'm involved in looking at single cell sequencing and looking at for example the mitochondrial DNA and changes in the DNA over time, the methylation for example, then that could discriminate between twins which have the same DNA because you get a change over time, slight subtle changes which can be picked up in that mitochondrial DNA.

此外，微生物组也会发生变化，因此每个人皮肤上的微生物群落都是独特的。

And also microbiome shift so that any individual will have a different microbial profile on their skin for example.

这些都可以作为辅助证据使用，但通常DNA仍会与其他证据结合使用，例如土壤、花粉、纤维、时间线索、数字证据或目击证词。

So that could be used but usually the DNA would be used along with other evidence such as soil, pollen, fibres or timing or digital evidence or witness evidence.

必须结合其他证据才能确定或排除其中一人。

It's in combination with other evidence that would include or exclude one of the two individuals concerned.

明白了。

Right.

所以在这些新检测方法被警方采用之前，他们只能依赖我们所谓的比较传统类型的证据。

So in that case, I mean, before these new tests are available to police forces, they will just have to rely on what we might consider to be rather more old fashioned types of evidence.

其中一个主要问题是，必须将各种证据结合起来，理清谁在何时做了什么，还原犯罪现场的活动顺序。

Well one of the main issues is that to have to combine evidence together, to put together work out who did what and when, the sequence of activity that's happened at a crime scene.

因此，应该综合使用这些证据。

So it should be used in combination.

但这些新方法正在陆续发表，希望未来能从作为警方行动的情报支持，转变为真正的法庭证据。

But these new methods, they are being published so that hopefully it will move from that being used as intelligence for police operations to actually being used in evidence.

但我们必须非常谨慎，因为任何新型证据在用于法庭之前，都必须经过严格的同行评审和验证。

But we must be very cautious because in using any new types of evidence, it has to be properly peer reviewed and tested before it's used in a court of law.

洛娜·道森，苏格兰詹姆斯·赫顿研究所法医科学负责人。

Lorna Dawson, head of forensic science at the James Hutton Research Institute in Scotland.

接下来在本播客中。

Still to come in this podcast.

我们正在谈论一位加纳音乐界的巨匠、传奇人物，

We are talking about a colossus of Ghanaian music, music, a a legend and

他竭尽全力将加纳音乐推向全球舞台。

icon who did all he could to project Ghanaian music on the global stage.

我们向加纳吉他手兼作曲家埃博·泰勒致敬，他于90岁高龄去世。

We Tributes are paid to the Ghanaian guitarist and composer Ebo Taylor, who's died at the age of 90.

美国正在发生变化。

America is changing.

世界也在变化。

And so is the world.

但美国发生的事情不仅仅是全球动荡的原因。

But what's happening in America isn't just a cause of global upheaval.

它也是全球各地正在发生的动荡的体现。

It's also a symptom of disruption that's happening everywhere.

我是来自华盛顿特区的阿斯马查利德。

I'm Asmachalid in Washington, DC.

我是来自伦敦的特里斯坦·雷德曼。

I'm Tristan Redman in London.

这里是《全球故事》。

And this is the Global Story.

每个工作日，我们将为您带来世界与美国交汇处的故事。

Every weekday, we'll bring you a story from this where the world and America meet.

请在bbc.com或您收听播客的任何平台收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

《访谈》：来自BBC的精彩对话。

The interview, the best conversations from across the BBC.

今天，我们在战争上花费数万亿美元，却在和平上只投入区区 peanuts。

Today, we are spending trillions on war and peanuts on peace.

与塑造我们世界的人们对话。

With the people shaping our world.

你正在做出的决定将对大气中温室气体的水平产生长期影响。

You're making decisions that will have long term consequences for the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

在美国，风能已经获得了三十三年的补贴。

Wind power in The United States has been subsidized for thirty three years.

太阳能则获得了二十五年的补贴。

Solar for twenty five years.

够了。

That's enough.

来自BBC的访谈

The interview from the BBC

世界服务。

World Service.

现在就去你收听BBC播客的平台收听吧。

Listen now wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

新闻头条从未停歇，而辨别什么是真实的、什么是重要的、什么是纯粹的噪音，比以往任何时候都更困难。

The headlines never stop, and it's harder than ever to tell what's real, what matters, and what's just noise.

这就是《美国播客》登场的原因。

That's where Pods of America comes in.

我是汤米·维托尔，每周我都会与前奥巴马政府助手约翰·法弗罗、约翰·利维特和丹·菲弗尔一起，剖析最重大的新闻事件，解读它们对我国民主未来的影响，并加入恰到好处的幽默来保持理智。

I'm Tommy Vitor, and every week, I'm joined by fellow former Obama aides, John Favreau, John Leavitt, and Dan Pfeiffer to break down the biggest stories, unpack what they mean for the future of our democracy, and add just enough humor to stay sane along the way.

你还将听到与政界、媒体和文化界重要人物如蕾切尔·马多、加文·纽森和马克·库班进行的真诚而深入的对话，这些内容在其他地方都找不到。

You'll also hear honest, in-depth conversations with big voices in politics, media, and culture, like Rachel Maddow, Gavin Newsom, and Mark Cuban that you won't find anywhere else.

新集每周二和周五更新，每两周一次深度专题。

New episodes drop every Tuesday and Friday with deep dives every other weekend.

请在您收听播客的平台收听，在YouTube上观看，或在Apple播客订阅以获取无广告的剧集。

Listen wherever you get your podcast, Watch on YouTube or subscribe on Apple Podcasts for ad free episodes.

我是尼娜·克鲁舍娃，苏联领导人尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫的孙女。

I am Nina Krusheva, the great granddaughter of Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union in 1962.

我是马克斯·肯尼迪，美国总统约翰·F·肯尼迪的侄子。

And I'm Max Kennedy, the nephew of US president John f Kennedy.

我们探讨了历史上那个令人恐惧的时刻。

We explore what was a terrifying moment in history.

古巴导弹危机的故事。

The story of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

世界曾多么接近核战争。

How close the world came to nuclear war.

他们不得不做些什么才能将局势从边缘拉回。

And what they had to do to pull it back from the brink.

核弹、肯尼迪与赫鲁晓夫。

The bomb, Kennedy and Khrushchev.

所有节目现已在您收听BBC播客的平台上线。

All episodes available now wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

这是全球新闻播客。

This is the global news podcast.

现在转向韩国。

To South Korea now.

韩国是世界上生育率最低的国家之一。

It has one of the lowest birth rates in the world.

而一位官员提出的改变这一现状的建议，引发了国际争议。

And a proposal by one official for how to change that has sparked an international argument.

江道郡市长金熙秀建议，应从海外引进年轻女性，与韩国男性结婚。

Kim Hee soo, the mayor of Jindo County, suggested that young women should be imported from overseas to marry South Korean men.

驻首尔记者权杰向我们介绍了更多情况。

Correspondent in Seoul, Jake Kwon, told us more.

大约一周前，这位市长金熙秀参加了一场电视直播的市政听证会，有人问他：面对农村地区人口迅速流向城市以及全国持续低迷的生育率，他的解决方案是什么？

About a week ago, this mayor, Kim Hee soo, was in a televised live event, a town hall, and he was asked the question, what is his solution that, you know, the rural regions in the country are losing people fast to the cities as well as the chronic low birth rate that the whole country is really suffering from?

他的解决方案是，地方政府至少应当从海外——主要是斯里兰卡和越南——引进年轻女性，让她们与乡村中未婚的男性结婚。

And his solution, he suggests, is is that the local government, at least they must import young women from overseas, mainly Sri Lanka and Vietnam, to come and marry the unwed people in the farming communities in the villages.

这一言论立即引发了强烈抗议，越南驻韩国大使馆也正式提出了投诉。

And this comment was immediately met with a big outrage as well as a formal complaint from the Vietnamese embassy here in South Korea.

第二天，金先生和当地政府发表了道歉声明。

And then the next day, you know, mister Kim and the local government issued an apology.

在道歉中，他们表示，这一言论严重伤害了越南女性及其人民，将女性贬低为纯粹的工具。

In the apology, they said that, you know, the comment really deeply hurt the Vietnamese women and its people and that it was something that reduced women to mere tools.

你知道吗，他所说的需要引进女性，实际上暗示着女性可以被视为一种韩国为应对低生育率危机而需要的商品。

You know, what he said, saying that, you know, we need to import, really seemed to suggest that women are could be a commodity that South Korea needs to really resolve its low birth rate crisis.

而我们今天听到的消息是，他所属的政党——韩国民主党——已经将他开除出党。

And what we heard today is that his own party, the Democratic Party of Korea, had removed him, from its membership.

杰克，我知道这个问题有点复杂，但是什么导致了韩国的低生育率呢？

Jake, I know this is gonna be a bit of a complex question to ask, but what's responsible for South Korea's low birth rate?

那你们想听多久？

Well, how much time do you have?

因为这是一个至今仍被严重误解的问题，关于为什么会发生这种情况，有无数种理论。

Because this is, one of those issues that's that's still poorly understood, and there are, you know, unlimited number of theories why this is happening.

但对于韩国人来说，这确实是一个关乎存亡的问题，因为我们社会中的一切——包括养老金和劳动力体系——都是建立在人口持续增长的假设之上的，总会有新一代劳动力来赚钱并照顾年长的一代。

And but for South Koreans, this is really an existential issue because everything we have here in the society, including the pensions and labor, everything is built around this idea that population is something that grows, and there will always be a younger labor force that is ready to make the money and then, you know, take care of the older generation.

如今，韩国正迅速成为一个老年人口占多数的社会。

Now South Korea is quickly becoming a society of where there's a lot of old people.

正如我们从这一事件中看到的，韩国正面临一个巨大的问题。

What we're seeing is really a a big problem that South Korea is contending with as we've seen from this problem.

我们的首尔记者，权杰克。

Our Seoul correspondent, Jake Kwon.

苏丹军队与其对手准军事组织快速支援部队（RSF）之间的内战仍在持续。

The civil war between the Sudanese army and its rival, the paramilitary group, the Rapid Support Forces, or RSF, continues unabated.

这场始于2023年4月的战争已导致超过15万人死亡，数百万人在苏丹境内及境外流离失所。

This battle, which started in April 2023, has resulted in the deaths of more than 150,000 people, with millions of Sudanese displaced in and out of the country.

根据联合国的数据，这场战争造成了全球最严重的人道主义危机，并导致超过1300万苏丹儿童被迫辍学。

According to the United Nations, the war is responsible for the world's worst humanitarian crisis and has led to over 13,000,000 children in Sudan being forced out of school.

慈善组织“拯救儿童”一直在关注内战对教育领域的影响。

The charity, Save the Children, has been looking at the impact of the civil war on the education sector.

该组织的首席执行官英格·阿钦最近刚从苏丹返回，并向我们讲述了当地的情况。

The charity's CEO, Inger Aching, recently returned from Sudan and told us more about the situation there.

这场危机之中还存在着另一场危机。

There is a crisis within the crisis.

战争持续近三年后，仍有大量儿童无法上学。

After nearly three years of war, so many children are still out of school.

教育常常被视为可以推迟的事情。

Education is often seen as something that can wait.

但对于孩子们来说，教育不是奢侈品。

But for children, education is not a luxury.

它是一条生命线。

It is a lifeline.

三分之一的人口流离失所，三分之二的人口需要人道主义援助。

One third of the population are displaced and two thirds of the population needs humanitarian assistance.

由于大量人口流离失所，而且许多人多次迁移，这意味着苏丹近7000万学龄儿童中，几乎有一半已经将近500天没有踏入过教室。

With so many people being displaced and many of them being displaced many times, it means that nearly half of Sudan's 70,000,000 school aged children have spent nearly five hundred days without entering a classroom.

这比新冠封锁期间最糟糕情况下的失学时间还要多出10%，仅此一点就能说明问题的严重性。

And that is time 10% more time out of school than the worst case scenario during the co COVID lockdowns to just to put this in perspective.

持续的冲突阻碍了孩子们上学。

And the ongoing conflict is stopping children from going to school.

举个例子，我见过一些来自达尔富尔和北达尔富尔州的孩子，那里的冲突仍在继续，超过1100所学校中仅有3%仍在开放。

One example and I I met a number of children from, Darfur and and, in North Darfur state, where the conflict is still ongoing, only 3% of over 1,100 schools are still open.

许多教师领不到工资。

Many teachers are not being paid.

由于数月未发薪水，他们被迫放弃教学，转而寻找其他方式养家糊口。

And having gone months without salaries, they were forced to abandon teaching to find other ways to feed their families.

没有教师，学校根本无法运转。

And without teachers, school simply cannot function.

我们必须立即让孩子们重返校园，需要资金来恢复和扩大教育服务，包括修复受损的学校等。

We need to get children back into school now, we need funds to restore and expand education services, including rehabilitating damaged schools, etcetera.

但我们正在做的一件事是，我们自1983年以来就一直在苏丹工作，已经超过四十年了。

But one of the things that we are doing, we have been in Sudan since 1983, over forty years.

我们在苏丹18个州中的9个州开展包容性教育项目，支持超过400所学校，帮助孩子们在危机中继续学习。

We run inclusive education programs in nine of the 18 states across Sudan, supporting over 400 schools to help children continue learning despite the crisis.

我们提供学校餐食、笔记本、学习用品、校服等必需品。

And what we bring is school meals, essential items like notebooks, school supplies, uniforms.

我们确保为教师提供激励和培训，以及技术和心理支持，因为孩子们不仅需要教育，还需要支持来应对冲突和流离失所带来的创伤。

We ensure that we give teachers incentives and training, technical and psychosocial support because children need education, but they also need support to cope with the trauma of conflict and displacement.

但需求是巨大的。

But the the needs are enormous.

我们正在尽一切努力，但我们需要更多资金。

We are doing everything we can, but we need more funding.

我们现在需要更多的支持和更多对这场危机的关注。

We need more support and more attention to this crisis right now.

儿童慈善组织救救儿童的首席执行官英格尔·奥施恩。

CEO of the charity Save the Children, Inger Auscheng.

现在有个问题：你有没有在工作中宿醉过？

Now here's a question: Have you ever been hungover at work?

根据一项新研究，在英国，每周至少有五分之一的人在工作时仍承受着酒精的后遗症。

According to a new study, at least one in five people are coping with the after effects of alcohol while on the job every single week here in The UK.

对于那些没有请病假的人，研究人员发现他们的生产力下降了三分之一，导致一些人犯错，甚至在办公桌前睡着。

For those who don't call in sick, the researchers found that productivity dropped by a third, leaving some people making mistakes and even falling asleep at their desk.

那么，宿醉时我们的大脑会发生什么？

So what happens to our brains when we're hungover?

蕾切尔·伯登向药学讲师哈尔·索西沃斯基教授提出了这个问题。

Rachel Burden put that question to Professor Hal Sosibowski, a lecturer in medicinal chemistry.

前一晚饮酒过量时，会发生两件事。

When you have too much to drink the night before, two things are happening.

第一件事是脱水。

The first thing is dehydration.

所以所谓‘睡前喝一杯水’的说法其实并不是谣言，而是一个非常好的建议。

So the in quotes myth of having a pint of water before you sleep isn't actually a myth, it's actually quite good advice.

这是因为酒精会抑制脑垂体中的抗利尿激素——也就是加压素，导致你的尿液生成达到最大速率。

And that's because alcohol switches off the antidiuretic hormone in the pituitary gland, it's called vasopressin, and that means you produce urine at the maximum rate.

所以如果你喝了五品脱酒，实际上就会排出六七品脱的尿液。

So if you drink five pints you effectively wee out about six or seven and so forth.

因此，你的大脑实际上会脱水。

So your brain gets literally dehydrated.

此外，当然，如果在酒吧吃了大量咸味小吃，情况会更糟。

Plus of course if reading all those salty snacks in the pub it makes it worse.

但酒精饮料中还含有一种被称为杂醇油的化学物质，饮料颜色越深，杂醇油含量就越多。

But also in alcoholic drinks there's chemical clutter called congeners and the darker the drink, the more the congeners.

比如威士忌或红葡萄酒，我们稍后会再提到它们。

So something like whiskey or red wine which we'll come back to in a minute.

它们含有大量的杂醇油，会刺激大脑，因此脱水对大脑造成的伤害会因这些杂醇油而加剧。

They've got lots and lots of congeners that irritate the brain and so the assault you put on the brain with the dehydration is then exacerbated by these congeners.

某些饮料，比如红葡萄酒，含有称为胺类的物质，红葡萄酒中的这种物质叫苯乙胺，是一种血管收缩剂。

Certain drinks like red wine have things in them called amines and in red wine it's called phenylethylamine which is a vasoconstrictor.

所以你喝红葡萄酒后那种可怕的搏动性头痛，正是由这些杂醇油引起的，是红葡萄酒特有的。

And so that horrible red wine throbbing headache you get is particular to red wine because of those congeners.

但我也知道，当我宿醉时，我能明显感觉到自己的反应变得迟缓，这种状态在酒后数小时内都会持续，对吧？

But I also know, I can see and feel how slow our responses are when we're hungover and that can last for hours after the event can't it?

确实会这样。

It absolutely can.

酒精是一种抑制剂，事实上，从理论上讲，你完全可以喝到致死。

Alcohol's a depressant and the reality is on paper you can drink yourself to death.

如果你喝得足够多，你身体的所有反射弧都会被关闭，这中间存在着巨大的风险——比如头上顶着一个交通锥在马路上狂奔，觉得自己很搞笑，但最终可能丧命。

If you drink enough all your body's reflex arcs are switched off and there's a huge window between of course running down the road with a traffic cone on your head thinking you're very funny and dying.

但现实是，这种情况确实会发生，而且酒精确实会减缓你的反应速度。

But the reality is that's what can absolutely happen and it does, it slows you down.

酒精会减缓你的反应速度，这是冷酷的事实。

It's cold hard fact that alcohol slows you down.

所以那种‘我喝了几杯，开车没问题’的网络段子完全不对，因为你确实会变慢。

So this sort of meme of oh I'm fine driving if I've had a few is absolutely not true because you slow down.

这种影响会持续多久？

And how long does it last?

这种对身体系统的影响会持续多久？

How long does that impact on our systems last for?

嗯

Well

对于我的学生来说，我做过一些粗略的估算。

I mean for my students a couple of back of the envelope calculations.

如果你在晚上喝了一瓶葡萄酒，你的身体每小时大约能代谢12到15克酒精，具体取决于你的新陈代谢速度。

If you drank a bottle of wine in an evening you can get rid of about 12 to fifteen grams of alcohol per hour depending on your metabolism.

因此，你很可能在第二天早上仍然处于酒驾限值的边缘。

So likely as not, you're still going to be on the cusp of a limit in the morning before.

如果你喝了两瓶葡萄酒——这本身就已经是 questionable 的成就了——那你几乎肯定已经超限了。

If you drink two bottles of wine, which is a dubious achievement in itself, then you're almost certainly going to be over the limit.

实际上，你需要完全清醒的一天再加上一整晚的睡眠才能彻底代谢掉这些酒精，因为你的大脑会因脱水而受影响，同时还要应对代谢缓慢的杂醇油，它们的半衰期相当长。

I mean effectively it takes at least a clear day after the event and another night of sleep to clear that because your brain struggles with the dehydration and also it struggles to evict the congeners which have quite a long half life.

哈尔·索西贝尔斯基教授。

Professor Hal Sosibelski.

如果你喜欢西非音乐，那么伊博·泰勒这个名字对你来说可能并不陌生。

If you're into West African music, the name Ibo Taylor is probably familiar to you.

如今传来消息，这位加纳吉他手、作曲家和乐队领队以90岁高龄去世。

And now the news that the Ghanaian guitarist, composer and bandleader has died at the age of 90.

他的作品定义了高生活音乐风格，并影响了数代非洲音乐人。

His work helped define the high life genre and influenced generations of African musicians.

埃博·泰勒的音乐生涯在20世纪50年代和60年代初随着高生活音乐的流行而兴起。

Ebo Taylor's musical career took off in the 1950s and early 1960s as high life became popular.

他曾与当时领先的乐队合作，包括星尘乐队和百老汇舞曲乐队。

He played with leading bands at the time, including the Stargazers and the Broadway dance band.

加纳政府发言人兼通信部长费利克斯·夸基·奥富苏向安·索伊谈到了埃博·泰勒对加纳音乐的重要性。

Felix Kwaki Ofusu, Ghanaian government spokesman and minister for communications, spoke to An Soy about Ebo Taylor and his importance to Ghana's music.

他的一生由音乐定义。

His was a life defined by music.

我们谈论的是一位加纳音乐界的巨人、传奇人物、偶像，他竭尽全力将加纳音乐推向全球舞台。

We are talking about a colossus of Ghanaian music, a legend, an icon who did all he could to project Ghanaian music on the global stage.

加纳政府和人民对他的离世深感悲痛。

And the government and people of Ghana are deeply saddened by his loss.

他的离去留下了一个难以填补的空缺，因为我们谈论的是一位天赋异禀、在音乐创作方式上独一无二的人，多年来，他以音乐才华深深打动了无数加纳人。

His loss constitutes a void that would be very difficult to fill because we are talking about someone who was exceptionally talented and who was unique in the way that he went about his crafts and how for many, many years, he enthralled Ghanaians with musical genius.

但我们真的、真的为他的离世感到无比悲痛。

But we are really, really saddened about his loss.

他是音乐天才，被誉为高生活动的重要贡献者。

Musical genius, and he is credited for his contributions to the high life genre.

高生活动是如何起源的？Ebo Taylor 在其中扮演了什么角色？

How did it originate, and how does Ebo Taylor fit into that story?

高生活动是加纳和西非许多地区的标志性音乐类型。

Well, high life is the flagship musical genre of Ghana and many parts of West Africa.

当然，近年来它已被其他音乐类型超越。

Of course, in more recent times, it's been overtaken by other journalists.

但在殖民前和殖民后很长一段时间里，它一直是首屈一指的音乐类型。

But for many, many years, through the pre and post colonial era, it was a number one musical journal.

Ebo Taylor 是一位接受过正规音乐训练的人。

And Ebotela is someone who actually studied music.

他曾就读于伦敦音乐学院。

He's good in the London School of Music.

他的同代人包括费拉、阿努克拉·波库蒂等人。

His contemporaries include Fela, Anukla Pokuti, and others.

这是一位毕生致力于深化对高生活音乐理解的人，他创作了大量令加纳及全球听众着迷的杰出作品。

So this was a man who dedicated his entire life to deepening understanding about high life, who was behind many, many great compositions that captivated Ghanaian and global audiences.

因此，他的生活本质上就是音乐。

So his life essentially was music.

他曾经 famously 说：‘我觉得我已经过了我的巅峰时期，尽管这一切来得晚了一些，你知道的，他在七十多岁才真正走向全球。’

He famously said that he I think I've had my day though it came much later, you know, talking about, you know, going global in his seventies.

但一些年轻的音乐人也谈起过他，说他会和他们坐在一起，和他们一起吃饭、喝酒、放松。

But some of the younger musicians have also been talking about him and, know, how he would sit with them, eat with them, drink and chill with them.

其中一些人比他年轻整整五十岁，却都亲切地称他为‘Ebo叔叔’。

Some of them being like fifty years his junior and they call him Uncle Ebo.

谈谈他对你们国家不同世代、不同流派和音乐人所产生的影响吧。

Just talk about the influence that he has had on the different generations, different genres and musicians in your country.

近年来，高生活音乐退居幕后，其他音乐流派则崭露头角。

In more recent years, high life has taken a backstage, and other genres have sprung to the forefront.

然而，所有这些流派都从像Ebo这样的大师作品中汲取了灵感。

However, they all take inspiration from the works of greats like Ebola.

毫不意外，许多人仍然愿意聚集在他身边，向他请教，并在他膝下学习。

It was little surprise that many of them still found cause to rally around him, to consult with him, and learn at his feet.

如今许多事业有成的音乐人，都曾受益于他慷慨传授的智慧。

And many of the artists who are doing well now have benefited from his wisdom, which he passed on to them rather graciously.

他在国内将如何被铭记？

How will he be remembered in the country?

哦，他会被称为我们有史以来最伟大的音乐家之一。

Oh, he will be remembered as one of our greatest musicians ever.

他会因在其他音乐类型盛行的时代，努力将加纳音乐推向全球舞台而被铭记。

He will be remembered as a man who strove to put Ghanaian music on the global map at a time when other genres of music were prominent.

他会因毕生致力于确保高生活音乐无论面临何种挑战都能延续下去而被铭记，人们将深深怀念他。

He will be remembered for dedicating his entire life to ensure that highlight music carried on no matter what challenges emerged, and he will be greatly missed.

费利克斯·科瓦基亚·奥富苏讲述加纳音乐传奇人物伊布·泰勒。

Felix Kwokia Ofusu speaking about Ghana's musical legend, Ibu Taylor.

以上就是我们目前的全部内容。

And that's all from us for now.

如果您想联系我们，可以发送邮件至 globalpodcast@bbc.co.uk。

If you want to get in touch, you can email us at globalpodcast@bbc.co.uk.

您也可以在 x@bbcworldservice 上关注我们。

You can also find us on x@bbcworldservice.

请使用标签 #global news pod。

Use the hashtag global news pod.

别忘了我们的姊妹播客《全球故事》，它深入挖掘并超越头条新闻，详尽报道一个重大事件，您在任何播客平台都能收听。

And don't forget our sister podcast, the global story, which goes in-depth and beyond the headlines on one big story available wherever you get your podcasts.

本期《全球新闻播客》由泽比·胡拉卡鲁什剪辑，制片人为史蒂文·詹森。

This edition of the Global News Podcast was mixed by Zebi Hulakkarush, and the producer was Steven Jensen.

编辑是凯伦·马丁。

The editor is Karen Martin.

我是塞莉娅·哈顿。

I'm Celia Hatton.

我们下期再见。

Until next time.

再见。

Goodbye.

美国正在变化，世界也是如此。

America is changing, and so is the world.

但美国发生的事情不仅仅是全球动荡的原因。

But what's happening in America isn't just a cause of global upheaval.

它也是正在世界各地发生的动荡的征兆。

It's also a symptom of disruption that's happening everywhere.

我是来自华盛顿特区的阿斯马奇利德。

I'm Asmachalid in Washington DC.

我是来自伦敦的特里斯坦·雷德曼，这里是《全球故事》。

I'm Tristan Redman in London, and this is the Global Story.

每个工作日，我们都会为您带来一个关于世界与美国交汇点的故事。

Every weekday, we'll bring you a story from this intersection where the world and America meet.

请在 bbc.com 或您收听播客的任何平台收听。

Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.