粉丝最爱：种子是如何形成的？

今天不错。

Good day.

尼吉，你把我抓进幻想世界了。

Nij, you've caught me in the imaginarium.

我们打算重温一些最受欢迎的剧集。

We're going back through some of our favorite episodes.

哇。

Wow.

你们一直问了这么多问题。

You've all been asking so many questions.

你最喜欢哪一集？

What's your favorite?

我最喜欢的是关于种子的那集。

My favorite is the one about seeds.

哦，对啊。

Oh, yeah.

我们和生态学家安吉拉教授一起去了一次很棒的徒步旅行。

We went on a great bushwalk with our ecologist friend, professor Angela.

我记得当时还吃了特别好吃的零食。

I remember we had some really yummy snacks too.

是的。

Yeah.

在开始之前，我想听听你们的想法。

Before we get going, I wanna hear from you.

告诉我们你最喜欢《想象这》的哪一集，或者发给我们你一直想知道的问题。

Tell us your favorite episode of Imagine This, or send us a question you've been wondering about.

你可以发邮件到 imaginethis@abc.net.au 告诉我们。

You can email us at imaginethis@abc.net.au.

我们来看一看。

Let's check it out.

你好。

Hello.

我叫尼吉。

My name is Nij.

今天在《想象一下》节目中

And today on Imagine This

我们在徒步穿越丛林。

We're on a bush walk.

我特别喜欢徒步穿越丛林。

I love bush walking.

我也是。

Me too.

我喜欢那里只有大自然、植物、树木和山峰。

I like there's just nature, plants, trees, mountain tops.

我能听到笑翠鸟的叫声。

I can hear kookaburras.

看这些花，真漂亮。

Look at all these flowers.

这些花是从哪儿来的？

Where'd they come from?

花是从种子长出来的。

Flowers come from seeds.

我们之前有个关于种子的问题。

We had a question about seeds.

我叫库珀，今年六岁。

My name is Cooper, and I'm six years old.

我想知道种子是怎么来的。

I wanna know how are seeds made.

种子是从树上来的。

Seeds come from trees.

它们就长在树上。

They're on the trees.

那树和花又是从哪儿来的呢？

So where do the trees and flowers come from?

难道它们一开始不需要种子吗？

Don't they need a seed to start off with?

我觉得这挺复杂的。

I think it's pretty complicated.

对。

Yeah.

喂。

Hey.

你看。

Look.

她是安吉拉·莫尔斯教授。

It's professor Angela Moles.

她是一位生态学家。

She's an ecologist.

也就是研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学家。

That's a scientist who studies the connections between living things and their environments.

安吉拉对植物特别了解。

Angela knows a lot about plants.

我觉得她能帮上我们。

I reckon she can help us.

走吧。

Come on.

咱们赶紧追上她。

Let's catch up to her.

您好，教授。

Hi, professor.

您好，教授。

Hi, professor.

你好。

Hello.

你好，尼尔。

Hi, Nij.

嗨，孩子们。

Hi, kids.

你们俩也是走路来的吗？

Are you both walking too?

是的。

Yeah.

我其实只是停下来吃点零食。

I just stopped for a snack, actually.

要一起来吗？

Do you want to join me?

哦，好啊。

Oh, yeah.

谢谢。

Thanks.

我饿坏了。

I'm so hungry.

这个问题挺难的。

And this question is tricky.

我觉得我得吃点补脑的。

I think I need some brain food.

哦，真香。

Oh, yum.

鹰嘴豆泥配米饼。

Hummus and rice crackers.

我就是个面包卷。

I'm a bread roll.

好吃极了。

Delish.

那你问题是什么？

So what's your question?

我们想知道种子是怎么来的？

We want to know how are seeds made?

是的。

Yes.

我肯定能帮上你们。

I can definitely help you with that.

我们觉得这跟花有关系？

We think it has something to do with flowers?

是的。

Yes.

种子确实可以来自花朵，有些树不长花，而是长球果，比如松果，种子也从那儿来。

Seeds can definitely come from flowers, or they might come from cones that some trees make instead of flowers, like pine cones.

我都不知道松果里还有种子。

I didn't know there were seeds in pine cones.

种子也来自各种草类。

Seeds can come from different kinds of grasses too.

你只要留意一下，就会发现到处都是种子。

If you look around, you can see seeds everywhere.

真的吗？

Really?

在哪里？

Where?

首先，你带的便当中就有。

Well, for starters, in all your packed lunches.

鹰嘴豆泥是用鹰嘴豆做的。

Hummus is made from chickpeas.

它们的种子？什么？

Their seeds What?

做面包的小麦也是从种子长出来的。

The wheat that makes bread comes from a seed too.

弗里克？

Frick?

真的吗？

Really?

还有米饼里的大米也是。

And the rice in rice crackers too.

大米是种子？

Rice is a seed?

是的。

Yes.

大米是一种

Rice is a

某种草的种子。

seed from a type of grass.

小麦也是。

So is wheat.

我觉得我得吃点补脑的东西了。

I think I need more brain food for this.

对。

Yeah.

所有开花植物都会结果，而果实正是种子形成的关键。

All flowering plants create fruit, and this is the key to making seeds.

我感觉马上就要开始一场想象之旅了。

I feel like there's some imagining that's about to happen.

没错。

Yes.

让我们发挥想象力，跟着种子走一趟。

Let's use our imaginations to follow the journey.

我们可以搭上一朵蒲公英的便车。

We can hitch a ride on one of these dandelions.

好了，各位。

Alright, everyone.

你们知道该怎么做。

You know what to do.

我喜欢在外面当个小小的人。

I love being small outside.

一切都好大啊。

Everything's so big.

是的。

Yeah.

花朵看起来巨庞大，像楼房一样。

The flowers look huge, like buildings.

你看。

Look.

那些毛茸茸的蒲公英正随风飘走。

The fluffy dandelions are blowing away.

快点。

Quick.

抓住一个杜吉。

Duggee one.

抓紧我的手腕。

Hang on to my Woah.

植物传播种子的方式真是奇妙。

Plants have some amazing ways to get their seeds out in the world.

这种方式靠的是风。

This way uses the wind.

我感觉自己像带着降落伞在飞。

Feels like I'm flying like a parachute.

风在推着我。

The wind's pushing me.

我现在正在空中飘着。

And I'm flying right now.

那

The

种子特别轻，顶部的细毛能像伞一样兜住风。

seeds are so light, and the tops of the little hairs catch the wind just like an umbrella would.

这是把大量种子分散到各处的完美方法。

It's the perfect way to send out lots of seeds in many directions.

这样，蒲公英就能在新的地方长出更多了。

So more dandelions can grow in new places.

没错。

Exactly.

哇哦。

Woah.

你看下面这么多树。

Look at all the trees down below us.

到处都是花。

There are flowers everywhere.

哎，你看。

Oh, look.

一朵花和昆冬树。

A flower and quandong tree.

咱们在这儿下去吧，可以跟着昆冬树从开花到结果再到长种子的全过程。

Let's get off here and we can follow the quandong's journey from flower to fruit to seed.

我们到了。

Here we go.

我们正落在一朵花上。

We're on a flower.

这儿的香味真好闻。

It smells great here.

花真漂亮，对吧？

Flowers are beautiful, aren't they?

它们颜色鲜艳，看起来特别好看。

They look bright and colorful.

香味也特别迷人。

They smell great.

它们甚至还有甜美的花蜜。

They even have sweet nectar.

那是给蜜蜂准备的。

For the bees.

没错。

Exactly.

花朵的外观、气味和味道，都是吸引传粉者的方式。

The way they look and smell and taste are some of the ways flowers get the attention of pollinators.

我们以前聊过这些。

We've talked about them before.

我觉得传粉者就是蜜蜂。

I think a pollinator is a bee.

哦，还有蝴蝶。

Oh, a butterfly.

是的。

Yes.

说得对。

That's right.

花朵特别喜欢鸟类、飞蛾、蝴蝶和蜜蜂，因为它们在忙着采花粉或吸食花蜜的时候，其实正在为花朵做一件特别重要的事。

Flowers love birds, moths, butterflies, and bees because while they're busy collecting pollen or sipping sweet nectar, they're doing a very important job for the flowers.

然后所有的花粉都会被传粉者带走。

Then all the pollen goes away on the pollinator.

对。

Yeah.

接着就沾到另一朵花上了。

Then it rubs off on another flower.

你看到这朵花的中间部分了吗？

See this middle part of the flower?

它通常比较高，直直地从中心伸出来。

It's usually tall and sticks straight up out of the center.

全都黏黏的。

It's all sticky.

是的。

Yes.

这叫柱头，作用就是捕捉其他花朵带来的花粉。

It's called the stigma, and its job is to catch the pollen from other flowers.

它会捕捉花粉吗？

Will it catch pollen

来自任何花朵的花粉？

from any flower?

不会。

No.

柱头非常挑剔。

Stigmas are very fussy.

它不会让任何陈旧的花粉进来。

They won't let any old pollen in.

山龙眼的柱头只接受山龙眼的花粉。

A quandong stigma will only want quandong pollen.

对，没错。

Oh, yeah.

因为如果花粉是对的，它就会开始生长，越长越大，最后结出种子。

Because then it so if it's the right flower, then it grows it grows and grows and make another seed and poop.

差不多了。

Almost.

你看。

Look.

现在有只蜜蜂飞进来了。

A bee's coming in now.

它的腿上沾着花粉。

It's got pollen on its legs.

哦，我明白了。

Oh, I see.

花粉正从蜜蜂身上蹭下来，粘在柱头上。

The pollen is rubbing off the bee and sticking on the stigma.

一旦正确的花粉落在上面，花朵就会让花粉附着在柱头上。

Once the right pollen grain lands on it, the flower will let the pollen attach to the stigma.

你看。

Look.

现在正在发生。

It's happening now.

那一定是正确的昆东花粉。

That must have been the right kind of quandong pollen.

花粉后来去了哪里？

Where does the pollen go?

接下来这部分，我们得变得更小才行。

We'll have to get even smaller for this next part.

小到像一粒花粉那么小。

As small as a speck of pollen.

我们现在这么小，完全可以站在柱头上，和一粒花粉待在一起。

We're so small now we can fit on a stigma with a single grain of pollen.

那是什么声音？

What's that noise?

那就是花粉粒。

That's the pollen grain.

它在变大。

It's getting bigger.

它其实正在长出一根芽，往花里伸进去。

It's actually growing a shoot to reach into the flower.

哇哦。

Woah.

看它在生长。

Look at it grow.

真的好长啊。

It's really long.

一粒这么小的花粉，怎么会长出这么长的芽呢？

How can one little pollen grain grow such a long shoot?

花朵在帮它。

The flower is helping it.

它在给花粉提供能量，让它长得特别长。

It's giving the pollen energy to grow really long.

来吧。

Come on.

咱们顺着它往下看。

Let's follow it down.

哇。

Wow.

真棒。

Cool.

我们已经进入花的内部了。

We're inside the flower.

花粉会和花里一个微小的卵细胞结合，将来就会长成一颗新的小植物的种子。

The pollen will mix with a teeny tiny egg that lives inside the flower, and this will become the seed for a new baby plant to grow from one day.

发生什么了？

What's happening?

变化可多了。

Lots of changes.

一旦花里的卵细胞受精了，花瓣就会脱落。

Once the egg in the flower is fertilized, the petals will fall away.

花瓣本来只是用来吸引传粉者的。

The flower just needed those to get the pollinators' attention.

现在，花瓣长出来的那个花苞部分会越来越大，最后长成植物的果实。

Now the bud of the flower, the part the petals grow from, this will grow bigger and bigger and eventually become the fruit of the plant.

在这种情况下，就是昆东浆果。

In this case, a quandong berry.

等一下。

Wait a second.

果实是从花变来的。

Fruit comes from flowers.

对。

Yes.

所有的果实都来自经过授粉的花。

All fruit comes from pollinated flowers.

我们通常觉得水果就是那些甜的，比如樱桃、橙子或者芒果，但其实很多蔬菜本质上也是水果。

We tend to think of the fruits as just the sweet ones, like cherries or oranges or mangoes, but lots of vegetables are actually fruits.

比如番茄？

Like tomatoes?

对。

Yes.

没错。

Exactly.

所有带种子的蔬菜，其实都是从花长出来的水果。

All the veggies with seeds are fruit that come from flowers.

彩椒、西葫芦都是。

Capsicum, zucchini

南瓜呢？

Pumpkin?

茄子也是。

Eggplants.

黄瓜。

Cucumber.

玉米？

Corn?

没错。

You got it.

这其实就是

That is

挺奇怪的。

pretty weird.

我觉得我本质上是在吃一朵花。

I think that I'm basically eating a flower.

就像植物用鲜艳的花朵和甜美的花蜜吸引传粉的蜜蜂和蝴蝶一样，它们也用果实来传播种子。

Just like a plant uses beautiful flowers and sweet nectar to bring in pollinating bees and butterflies, plants use fruits to spread their seeds.

它们在向世界说：来吃我吧，顺便把我的种子带走。

They say to the world, come and get me and take my seeds with you.

你瞧。

Look.

蚂蚁来了。

Ants are coming.

它们把所有的浆果都搬走了。

They're taking all the berries.

哎呀。

Oy.

别跑，回来。

Come back here.

那些又不是你的吧？

They're not yours, are they?

这棵树是希望它们把果实带走的。

The tree wants them to take their fruit.

昆虫特别擅长把种子带到各处。

Insects are great at getting seeds out into the world.

它们会吃树上的果实，有时还会把种子排泄到地上，帮着播种。

They'll eat the fruit from trees and sometimes even plant the seeds in the ground.

那是鸵鸟吗？

Is that an emu?

对。

Yep.

鸵鸟是特别棒的种子传播者。

Emus are fantastic seed spreaders.

它们吃很多水果，还能飞很远，一路上把种子拉得到处都是，顺便还给种子提供了天然肥料。

They eat lots of fruit and travel long distances, pooping out the seeds wherever they go, giving them some nice manure to grow in as a bonus.

我们是不是要进去了？

Are we about to get

进。

in?

哎呀，不好。

Oh, no.

我可真不想被排出来。

I really don't want to get pooed out.

别说了。

No.

咱们跳过这一段吧。

Let's skip that part.

呼，吓死我了。

Phew.

现在我们知道种子是怎么形成的，又是怎么传播到外面的了。

Now we know how seeds are made and how they get out in the world.

咱们继续往下看下一步吧。

Let's move along to the next step.

那是什么？

What's that?

发芽。

Germination.

哦，这儿真舒服。

Oh, it's nice here.

又暗又暖和。

All dark and cozy.

我们在哪儿？

Where are we?

我们是躺在森林地上的小种子。

We are little seeds on the forest floor.

可能是风把我们吹到这里来的。

We might have gotten here by wind carrying us

像蒲公英那样。

Like a dandelion.

也可能是被鸸鹋排出来后落到这儿的。

Or getting pooed out by an emu.

也可能是被水带着走的，比如河流或者大雨。

Or carried along by water, like rivers and heavy rain.

植物传播种子的方式可真多，特别神奇。

Plants have lots of amazing ways to get their seeds out in the world.

但母株不会让幼小的种子独自出发，一定会给它们准备好新家所需的全部资源。

But a parent plant won't let their baby seeds go without everything they need to get started in their new homes.

你这话是什么意思？

What do you mean?

每一颗种子里面都像装了一顿打包好的午餐。

Inside every seed is like a little packed lunch.

里面存着足够的养分和能量，足够让它发芽、长成一棵小苗。

It'll have enough nutrients and energy inside it to germinate, to grow into a little plant.

可是，安吉拉，啥动静都没有啊。

But, Angela, nothing's happening.

咱们怎么还不发芽呢？

Why aren't we germinating?

种子可聪明着呢。

Seeds are very clever.

只有当环境条件刚刚合适时，种子才会发芽并长成植物。

They will only germinate and grow into a plant when their conditions are just right.

有些澳大利亚的种子需要大火才能发芽。

Some seeds in Australia need fire to germinate.

哦，那不就是我吗。

Oh, that's me.

我是一种火种。

I'm a fire seed.

你们这些火种外壳特别硬，必须得烧得特别热，才会裂开。

Well, you fire seeds have a very hard shell, and it has to be very, very hot to make it crack open.

有些种子需要大量的水。

Some seeds need lots of water.

不是下点小雨就行，而是

Not just a bit of rain, but

一场大暴雨

a really

一场彻底的淋透。

good soaking.

我喜欢下雨。

I love rain.

我就要做这种类型的种子。

I'm gonna be that kind.

在寒冷地区，有些聪明的种子能感知光线，体内像有小钟表一样，知道冬天结束了，该趁着春天发芽了。

In cold areas, some clever seeds can see light and have little clocks in them that tell them winter has ended and it's time to germinate for spring.

我是一颗三叶草时钟种子。

I'm a clover clock seed.

种子也可以非常有耐心。

Seeds can be very patient too.

它们能等上几百年，只为等到合适的时机，然后突然之间——

They can wait for hundreds of years for the right conditions, and then all of a sudden

我开始生长了。

I'm growing.

我正从地里钻出来。

And I'm poking through the ground.

它们发芽了。

They sprout.

哇哦。

Woah.

开始了。

Here we go.

我的根正在往土里扎下去。

My roots are going down into the ground.

伸展开来真舒服。

That feels good to stretch out.

我从土壤里探出头来了。

And I'm poking out of the soil.

我能看到太阳了。

I can see the sun.

这些小种子是怎么做到的呢？

How do these little seeds do it?

那是母株为幼苗准备的营养便当，帮它顺利开启生命。

It's that packed lunch the parent plant makes so the baby plant can get started in life.

正是这些能量，让种子成了我们饿的时候特别棒的零食。

That energy is what makes seeds so good for us when we need a snack.

所以鹰嘴豆泥才这么好吃。

That's why hummus is so tasty.

等我们的植物长够大了，就会开出漂亮的花，然后结出果实。

So then once our plant has grown big enough, it'll make beautiful flowers that will turn into fruit.

果实里面会藏着新的小植物的种子。

And inside the fruit will be seeds for a new baby plant.

然后这一切又会重新开始。

And then it'll all all start over.

对。

Yep.

来吧。

Come on.

咱们在结束徒步前，先回过头来看看人体吧。

Let's get back to our human body before we finish our bushwalk.

哦，我们回来了。

Oh, we're back.

有根的感觉挺有意思，不过真高兴又能看到自己的脚了。

Having roots was cool, but gee, I'm glad to see my feet again.

我们沿着小路往回走吧？

Shall we head back down the track?

现在我真注意到到处都是种子了。

Now I really can see seeds everywhere.

对吧？

Right?

太惊人了。

Wow.

种子真是特别的小东西。

Seeds are such special little things.

我们该怎么帮助种子呢？

How do we help the seeds?

我们面临的一个大问题是，人们为了盖房子把土地清理掉，把植物都铲除了。

Well, one of the biggest problems we have is people clearing land and getting rid of plants to build houses.

所以，我们能做的最好的事就是种一些植物。

So the best thing we can do to help is to plant some plants.

wherever you can，都种上一点。

Plant them everywhere you can.

阳台也好，路边也好，都行。

On the balcony or the nature strip.

这其实是在保护环境。

It's helping the environment.

能吸引动物，光是看到一片绿色，人的心情就会好起来。

It'll attract animals, and just seeing the green makes us feel better.

我能不能种一颗鹰嘴豆？

Could I even plant a chickpea?

我超爱吃鹰嘴豆泥。

Love hummus.

是的。

Uh-huh.

橘子核能种吗？

Mandarin seed?

对。

Yeah.

李子核呢？

Plum seed?

那个也可以。

That too.

牛油果呢？

Avocado?

是的。

Yes.

当然。

Definitely.

南瓜？

Pumpkin?

黄瓜？

Cucumber?

所以，库珀，种子长在花授粉后结出的果实里面。

So, Cooper, seeds are found inside fruits that are made after a flower is pollinated

由蜜蜂、飞蛾、蚂蚁或鸟类传播。

By bees, moths, ants, or birds.

当一朵花的花粉恰好落在另一朵花上时。

When just the right pollen grain from one flower lands on another flower

落在柱头上。

On the stigma.

它会长出一根芽，连接到花里的小卵细胞，种子就开始形成了。

It will grow a shoot to connect with a tiny egg inside the flower, and a seed begins to form.

花瓣会从花上掉落。

The petals fall off the flower.

花苞会慢慢长成一颗果实。

And the bud of the flower grows into a fruit.

比如樱桃，或者基苏巴。

Cherry or a kisumba.

果实里面就是幼小的种子，已经准备好了一切，只等长成新的植物。

Inside the fruit is the baby seed, ready with everything it needs to grow into a new plant.

充满能量的胚芽。

A backland full of energy.

种子可以传播得很远。

The seed can travel a long way.

在鸸鹋栖息的山谷里。

In the valley of an emu.