粉丝最爱：鱼是如何在水下呼吸的？

嗨。

Hi.

我是尼吉。

It's Nij.

我现在在想象馆，回顾我们一些最经典的剧集。

I'm in the Imaginarium looking back at some of our all time favorite episodes.

哇。

Wow.

这里的问题可真多。

There's so many questions here.

我最感兴趣的问题是鱼是怎么呼吸的。

My favorite question was how the fish breathe.

咕噜，咕噜，咕噜。

Blub, blub, blub.

哦，对啊。

Oh, yeah.

我记得曾经和海洋生物学家图尼·马托一起去浮潜。

I remember going snorkeling with marine biologist Tooni Mahto.

她给我们讲了很多关于鱼类和水下其他生物的知识。

She showed us so much about fish and all the other creatures underwater.

哦，你绝对猜不到哪种生物憋气时间最长。

Oh, and you'll never guess which one holds its breath for the longest.

在开始之前，我想听听你的声音。

Before we get going, I wanna hear from you.

告诉我们你最喜欢的《想象这》集数，或者发个你一直好奇的问题给我们。

Tell us your favorite episode of Imagine This, or send us a question you've been wondering about.

你可以发邮件到 imaginethis@abc.net.au。

You can email us at imaginethis@abc.net.au.

咱们来听一听。

Let's have a listen.

Blub。

Blub.

咕噜。

Blub.

咕噜。

Blub.

你好。

Hello.

我叫尼尔。

My name is Nij.

今天在《想象一下》这个节目里，我们要聊一种有鳞片的东西。

And today on Imagine This, we're talking about something with scales.

鱼身上有鳞片。

A fish has scales.

还有尾巴。

And tails.

是鱼吗？

Fish?

还有鱼鳃。

And gills.

鱼鳃。

Gills.

对。

Yeah.

鱼有鱼鳃。

Fishes have gills.

你太懂这个了。

You're too good at this.

没错。

Yes.

我们今天聊的是海洋里的鱼类朋友。

We're talking about our fishy friends in the ocean.

海底有各种各样的生物。

There are all kinds of life under the sea.

小鱼、鱼类，还有座头鲸。

Cribes and fish and humpback whales.

今天的问题来自一位七岁的小朋友，名叫艾莉西亚。

Today's question comes from seven year old Alicia.

你好。

Hi.

我叫艾莉西亚，我想问，鱼是怎么在水里呼吸的？

My name is Alicia, and my question is how do fishes breathe underwater?

这个问题问得真好。

That's a great question.

鱼是怎么在水里呼吸的呢？

How do fish breathe underwater?

女孩。

Girls.

女孩身上也有骨头吗？

Girls have got bones in them?

我不太清楚女孩们是怎么回事。

I don't know what girls do.

是的。

Yeah.

我也不太清楚，不过我知道有个人可能知道。

I don't know either, but I do know someone who might.

图尼·马托。

Tooni Mahto.

她是一位海洋生物学家。

She's a marine biologist.

这种科学家专门研究海洋里的各种生物。

That's a scientist who learns all about the living things under the sea.

图尼特别热爱海洋。

Tooni loves the ocean.

咱们去海边看看能不能找到她吧。

Let's head to the beach and see if we can find her.

嘿，图尼。

Hey, Tooni.

我就知道你在这儿。

I knew we'd find you here.

在海滩上？

At the beach?

被逮到了。

Busted.

我特别喜欢这儿，而且我还真能在这儿工作，挺幸运的。

I love it here, and I'm lucky I get to work here too.

那我们可真走运，因为我们有个问题想问你。

Well, it's lucky for us because we have a question.

鱼是怎么在水下呼吸的？

How do fish breathe underwater?

问得好。

Great question.

地球上几乎所有的生物都需要氧气。

Almost everything on Earth needs oxygen.

对。

Yes.

正是氧气让我们能活下来。

It's what keeps us alive.

我们通过嘴巴吸气，让空气进入肺部来获取氧气。

We get it by breathing air in through our mouths and into our lungs.

如果你把手放在胸口，深深吸一口气，就能感觉到肺部随着充满空气而扩张。

If you put your hands on your chest and take a deep breath in, you can feel your lungs get bigger as they fill with air.

胸口会跟着一起一伏。

Our chest goes up and down.

就像空气中含有氧气，海洋里也含有氧气。

Just like there's oxygen in the air, there's also oxygen in the ocean.

鱼也需要呼吸这些氧气，就像我们得呼吸空气一样。

And fish need to breathe it, just like we need to breathe air.

那鱼也有像我们一样的肺吗？

So do fish have lungs just like us?

没有。

No.

它们的呼吸方式完全不一样。

They breathe very differently.

从上面很难看清海底到底发生了什么。

It's hard to tell what happens under the sea from up here.

那我们来想象自己是海底的生物吧。

So let's imagine ourselves as animals under the sea.

我想当一只章鱼。

I wanna be an octopus.

对。

Yeah.

我还想当一只海豚。

I wanna be a dolphin.

要么是海龟，要么是海马。

Either a turtle or a seahorse.

我也可以当海马吗？

Can I be a seahorse too?

我特别喜欢海马。

I love seahorses.

当然可以。

For sure.

好的。

Alright.

我们开始吧。

Here we go.

我现在感觉自己就是一条海马。

I'm feeling my seahorse self.

看看我的尾巴。

Check out my tail.

你们看起来都棒极了。

You look great, everyone.

天哪。

Oh my gosh.

图尼，你变成了一只企鹅。

Tooni, you're a penguin.

当企鹅一直是我的梦想。

It's always been my dream to be a penguin.

陆地上有那么多小丑，水底下却是杂技高手。

There's such clowns on land and acrobats underwater.

好吧。

Okay.

我有个问题想问你们。

So now I have a question for you.

在水面上的陆地上，氧气是从哪儿来的？

Up above the surface on the land, where does oxygen come from?

来自树木。

It comes from trees.

氧气。

Oxygen.

树木会产生氧气。

Trees make it.

没错。

That's true.

树木确实会制造氧气。

Trees do make oxygen.

在海洋里也是同样的道理。

And it's the same down here in the ocean.

水下的植物也会产生氧气。

Underwater plants make oxygen too.

哪些植物？

What kind of plants?

我觉得是海藻。

I would say seaweed.

海藻。

Seaweed.

它长得很高，还有叶子。

It's really tall and it's got leaves.

对。

Yeah.

没错。

Exactly.

海藻。

Seaweed.

但能产生大量氧气的那种特别小，肉眼根本看不见。

But the type that makes lots of oxygen is so small, you can't see it with your eyes.

它是微观的。

It's microscopic.

特别特别特别小。

Very, very, very, very small.

叫浮游植物。

Is called phytoplankton.

浮游植物。

Phytoplankton.

浮游植物是什么？

What's phytoplankton?

它们游过去了。

There they go.

漂着，漂着，漂着。

Float, float, float.

对。

Yep.

这些微小的漂浮藻类制造了海洋里大部分的氧气。

These small bits of floating seaweed make most of the oxygen in the ocean.

太神奇了。

Amazing.

哇。

Wow.

但它们也太小了吧。

But they're so small.

我们是怎么做到的呢？

How do we do it?

就像陆地上的树木一样，浮游植物漂浮在水面，利用阳光制造能量。

Just like the trees on land, phytoplankton floats on the surface of the water and uses sunlight to make energy.

这个过程会为水中的生物产生氧气供它们呼吸。

Doing this creates oxygen in the water for everything to breathe.

浮游植物极其重要。

Phytoplankton are incredibly important.

所以现在我们知道，这种特殊的海藻能在海洋里制造氧气。

So now we know this special seaweed makes oxygen in the ocean.

可是鱼是怎么呼吸的呢？

But how do fish breathe it?

摆摆尾巴，跟我到海藻林去。

Wave those tails and follow me to the kelp forest.

那里住着很多不同种类的动物。

Lots of different kinds of animals live there.

我们可以看看它们都是怎么呼吸的。

We can see how they all breathe.

今天我的鳍可真够忙的。

My fins are getting a workout today.

好。

Alright.

走吧。

Let's do it.

在这儿。

Over here.

哇哦。

Woah.

下面有这么多动物。

There are so many animals down here.

彩虹水母。

A rainbow jellyfish.

哎，有条鳗鱼。

Ah, there's an eel.

快看这条魟鱼。

Get this stingray.

我觉得这儿可能有海龙生活。

I think some sea dragons could live here.

海马？

Sea horses?

嘿，那不是我们吗。

Hey, that's us.

咱们先从鱼说起吧。

Let's start with fish.

你觉得鱼是怎么在水下呼吸的？

How do you think they breathe underwater?

用鳃。

Gills.

鱼就是靠这个。

Fish.

这些女孩也能在水下呼吸，时间久了也没事。

These girls do breathe underwater from time.

对，没错。

Yeah, that's right.

鱼会吸入富含氧气的水。

Fish take in water that's full of oxygen.

它们通过嘴巴吸水，再从鳃部排出。

They suck it in through their mouths and push it out over their gills.

鱼的鳃长在头两侧的皮肤上，看起来像几道细长的缝隙。

On the outside of a fish, gills look like thin slits in their skin on either side of their head.

但 Inside，鳃其实是宽而扁平的，由非常薄的膜构成。

On the inside though, gills are wide and flat, and they're made of very thin skin.

氧气能穿过这层膜，但水却不行。

Oxygen can get through this skin, but water can't.

氧气被吸收后输送到鱼的身体各处，而水则从头两侧的缝隙排出去。

The oxygen goes in and is carried off through the fish's body, and the water is pushed out of those slits you can see at the sides of their head.

我一直以为水是进出鳃部来帮助鱼呼吸的。

I always thought the water went in and out of the gills to make them breathe.

不是这样的。

No.

鳃更像是排气口，用来排出水和二氧化碳。

They're more like vents to let the water and carbon dioxide out.

对。

Yeah.

二氧化碳帮助我们呼吸。

Carbon dioxide helps us breathe.

这是我们呼出的气体。

It's what we breathe out.

对。

Yeah.

我们吸进空气和氧气，呼出的是含有二氧化碳的空气。

We breathe in air and oxygen and breathe out air with carbon dioxide.

没错。

Yeah.

鱼也是这样的。

And fish are the same.

它们吸入水和氧气，呼出的是水和二氧化碳。

But they breathe in water and oxygen and breathe out water and carbon dioxide.

这太神奇了。

That's so cool.

现在我们知道鱼是怎么呼吸的了。

So now we know how fish breathe.

我可以去章鱼的花园玩吗？

Can I go play in the octopus' garden?

你们怎么看马的？

How do you all see horses?

海豚呢？

What about dolphins?

牛呢？

What about bails?

咱们看看能不能发现一些。

Let's see if we can spot any.

一头熊。

A bear.

那是海豚，还是别的什么？

Is it a dolphin or something else?

是海豚。

A dolphin.

它们从头顶的喷水孔喷出水柱。

They explode water out of the a blowhole.

鲸鱼和座头鲸也是这样。

And so do whales do that and humpback whales.

对。

Yeah.

这叫喷水孔。

It's called a blowhole.

其实就是它们头顶上一个大大的鼻子。

It's basically a big nose on top of their heads.

海豚和鲸鱼不像鱼那样有鳃，因为它们是哺乳动物。

Dolphins and whales don't have gills like fish because they're mammals.

它们和我们一样，用肺呼吸。

They have lungs like us.

它们潜到水下，然后浮上水面呼吸。

They go underwater and then they breathe up back on the surface.

所以它们在水下得憋气，有时候能憋很久。

So they have to hold their breath underwater, sometimes for a really long time.

有多久？

How long?

有些鲸鱼能憋气好几个小时。

Some whales can hold their breath for a couple of hours.

两小时？

Two hours?

当它们需要吸氧时，就会游到水面，用力呼出一口气。

When they need to breathe oxygen, they swim to the surface and do a big breath out.

然后通过头顶的喷气孔深深吸一大口空气，把肺填满，再憋住气潜下去。

Then they take in a big gulp of air, through their blowhole, and fill their lungs before holding their breath again.

所以我们知道了鱼是怎么用鳃呼吸的，以及海豚和鲸鱼是怎么憋气的。

So we've learned how fish breathe using their gills and how dolphins and whales hold their breath.

还有其他方式可以在水下呼吸吗？

Are there any other ways to breathe underwater?

海藻或者海星。

A piece of seaweed or a starfish.

咱们游到海底去看看吧。

Let's swim down to the seabed.

下面还有几个惊喜等着呢。

There are a few more surprises down there.

哇哦。

Wow.

快看这些珊瑚。

Look at the coral.

珊瑚礁。

A coral reef.

近距离看真美。

It's so beautiful up close.

你听一听。

Listen to it.

海洋里有好多色彩斑斓的生物。

There are lots of wonderful colorful creatures in the ocean.

大大的、软乎乎的水母。

Big, blobby jellyfish.

白水母没有眼睛吗？

White jellyfish has no eyes?

它们没有眼睛，因为它们跟章鱼一样特别。

They don't have eyes because they have kind of cools like octopuses.

尖尖的海胆。

Sharp, spiky sea urchins.

别碰它们。

Oh, don't touch them.

我猜你可能会被扎到。

I think you might get stinky.

是的

Yeah.

它们看起来都不一样，但水母、海胆和海星都是通过一种很简单的方式呼吸的。

They all look so different, but jellyfish, sea urchins, and starfish all have a pretty simple way of breathing.

它们有鳃吗？

Do they have gills?

没有。

Nope.

那喷气孔呢？

What about blowholes?

也没有。

Nope.

它们直接通过皮肤从水中吸收氧气。

They suck in oxygen from the water straight through their skin.

真厉害。

Wow.

看到不同生物呼吸氧气的方式真是太神奇了，不过这只小海马好像累了。

It's so amazing seeing how different kinds of life breathe oxygen, but this little seahorse is getting tired.

我们能游回水面吗？

Can we swim back to the surface?

好的。

Yeah.

走吧。

Let's do it.

我知道在陆地上呼吸需要氧气，但从来没想过海洋里也有氧气。

I knew we needed oxygen to breathe on land, but I never thought about oxygen in the ocean.

海洋中的氧气对地球上所有生命都很重要，不只是水里的生物。

Ocean oxygen is important for all life on earth, not just life in the water.

为什么呢？

How come?

陆地上的树木和植物确实会制造氧气，这没错。

Trees and plants do make oxygen on land, that's true.

但你我呼吸的氧气，其实大部分都来自海洋。

But most oxygen that you and I breathe actually comes from the ocean.

事实上，海洋产生的氧气比全世界所有热带雨林加起来还要多。

In fact, the ocean makes more oxygen than all of the world's rainforests put together.

真的吗？

Wow.

你说什么？

What?

怎么会这样？

How?

还记得我跟你说过的那种小植物吗？那种微小的海藻？

Remember that little plant I told you about, the teeny tiny seaweed?

叫浮游植物。

Phytoplankton.

对。

Yes.

浮游植物，那种微小的海藻，为海洋里的动物和我们陆地上所有人制造氧气。

Phytoplankton, the microscopic seaweed, makes oxygen for animals to breathe in the ocean and for all of us to breathe up here on land.

它是怎么进入空气中的呢？

How does it get into the air?

浮游植物漂浮在水面上。

Well, phytoplankton float on the surface of the water.

它们在水面漂浮的时候，会释放出氧气。

While they're floating around, they push out oxygen.

一部分氧气溶解在水里，另一部分则释放到空气中。

Some of the oxygen goes in the water, and some of it goes out into the air.

所以保护海洋至关重要。

That's why it's so important to look after the ocean.

它对地球上所有生命都至关重要。

It's vital for all life on Earth.

图尼，谢谢你告诉我们鱼是怎么在水下呼吸的，以及我们所有人为什么离不开海洋。

Tooni, thanks for showing us how fish breathe underwater and how we all need the ocean to breathe.

哦，挺有意思的。

Oh, it was fun.

随时欢迎你再回来。

Come back for a visit anytime.

再见，图尼。

Bye, Tooni.

再见，尼尔。

Bye, Nij.

再见，孩子们。

Bye, kids.

再见，图尼。

Bye, Tooni.

再见，图尼。

Bye, Tooni.

艾莉西亚，谢谢你提了这么棒的问题。

Alicia, thanks for asking such a great question.

鱼通过嘴巴吸水，再从鳃里把水排出去来呼吸。

Fish breathe by sucking water in through their mouths and pushing it out through their gills.

鳃的结构特别特别薄。

Gills are made of really, really thin skin.

薄到氧气可以直接透进来，而水却排出去，这样鱼就能吸到氧气，把水排走。

It's thin enough for oxygen to get in without any water, so the fish can take oxygen in and push water out.

海洋里的氧气来自一种叫浮游植物的微小生物。

Oxygen in the ocean is made from tiny plants called phytoplankton.

它们漂在水面上，为全球的海洋制造氧气。

They float on the water, making oxygen for the world's oceans.

但这些氧气也会进入空气，进入我们每个人的体内。

But this oxygen also travels into the air, into you and me.

所以仔细想想，我们每一次呼吸，其实都是大海送给我们的礼物。

So if you think about it, each breath we take is a gift from the sea.

你好。

Hi.

我是蒂莉·奥迪·布莱克。

Tilly Oddy Black here.

你得听听我的播客。

You should check out my pod.

等等。

Wait.

他们居然干了那种事？

They did what?

这期节目回顾了你爸妈和祖父母在过去那些稀奇古怪的行为。

It's a look back at the strange things your parents and grandparents did in the olden days.

可以在ABC听应用的儿童专区找到它。

Find it on the kids tab of the ABC listen app.