粉丝最爱：太阳是如何照亮世界的？

你好，尼迪亚。

Hello, Nidia.

我现在在想象馆里，回顾我们一些最经典的节目。

I'm in the Imaginarium looking back at some of our all time favorite episodes.

好节目实在太多了。

There are so many good ones.

我真的挑不出最喜欢的一个。

I really can't pick a favorite.

我最喜欢的是关于阳光的那一集。

My favorite one was about sunlight.

哦，对。

Oh, yeah.

在这期节目中，我们将和丽莎·哈维-史密斯教授一起飞向太空，了解太阳是如何照亮世界的。

In this episode, we blast off to outer space with professor Lisa Harvey-Smith to learn how the sun lights up the world.

在开始之前，我想听听你的想法。

Before we get going, I wanna hear from you.

告诉我们你最喜欢的《想象这》节目是哪一集，或者发个你一直想知道的问题给我们。

Tell us your favorite episode of Imagine This, or send us a question you've been wondering about.

你可以发邮件到 imaginethis@abc.net.au 和我们联系。

You can email us at imaginethis@abc.net.au.

别忘了涂防晒霜。

Don't forget your sunscreen.

你好。

Hello.

我是尼奇。

I'm Nidge.

今天在《想象这》节目中，我们要聊聊太阳。

And today on Imagine This, we're talking about the sun.

太阳让我感觉开心、温暖、暖洋洋的，特别舒服。

The sun makes me feel happy, hot and warm and cozy.

让我心情特别好，一整天都变得很美好。

Makes me feel really good and makes the day feel nice.

没错。

Totally.

梅布尔有个关于太阳的问题。

Mabel has a question about the sun.

太阳是怎么照亮整个世界的？

How does the sun light up the whole world?

你觉得呢？

What do you think?

因为它很大。

Because it's big.

它真的，真的很大。

It's really, really big.

因为太阳表面是炽热的火焰。

Because it's really hot fire on it.

我觉得它比火还热。

I think it's hotter than fire.

或者说是岩浆，我觉得。

Or lava, I think.

我们应该找谁聊聊

Who should we talk to

关于太阳的事？

about the sun?

我觉得可以问问太阳测试员。

I think we could talk to a side tester.

一个对太阳特别了解的人？

A person who knows a lot about the sun?

对。

Yeah.

我觉得可以找丽莎·哈维-史密斯教授聊聊。

I reckon we could talk to professor Lisa Harvey-Smith.

她是一位天体物理学家。

She's an astrophysicist.

天体物理学家？

Astrophysicist?

天体物理学是天文学的一个分支，研究恒星的科学。

Astrophysics is a type of astronomy, the science of stars.

太阳是一颗非常大的恒星。

The sun is a very big star.

对。

Yeah.

别开玩笑了。

Come on.

我打赌我们能在天文台找到丽莎。

I bet we can find Lisa at the observatory.

喂？

Hello?

一片漆黑。

It's all dark.

喂？

Hello?

丽莎？

Lisa?

哦，你好。

Oh, hello.

我看不见。

I can't see.

谁把灯关了？

Who turned out the lights?

我关的。

I did.

要想看到星星，就得在黑暗里。

The only way to see the stars is in the dark.

等一下。

Hang on a minute.

我来把顶棚打开。

Let me open the roof up.

天哪。

Wow.

这么多星星啊。

There are so many stars.

我能看见成千上亿颗星星。

I could see a billion, trazillion, billion stars.

它们看起来好闪亮。

They look so shiny.

真厉害。

Wow.

是不是特别壮观？

Aren't they spectacular?

我能看到蓝色的星星。

I can see blue stars.

它们会形成很酷的图案。

They make cool shapes.

丽莎，你能帮我们回答一个问题吗？

Lisa, can you help us with our question?

我们想知道太阳是怎么照亮整个世界的。

We want to know how the sun lights up the whole world.

太阳不是只能照亮一半的世界吗？

Well, can't light up the whole world?

我觉得太阳只照亮了世界的一半。

It lights up the I think a half of the world?

对。

Yeah.

太阳每次只照亮地球的一半。

The sun only lights up half the world at a time.

所以每当天黑的时候，太阳其实正在照亮地球的另一面。

So whenever it's dark outside, the sun is lighting up the other side of Earth.

如果这里是白天，那别的地方就是晚上。

And if it's daytime, it'll be nighttime somewhere else.

没错。

That's right.

如果你想多了解太阳，可以从星星开始。

If you wanna learn more about the sun, the stars are a great place to start.

因为太阳就是离我们最近的恒星。

That's because the sun is our closest star.

我以前还真不知道。

I never knew that.

真厉害。

Wow.

星星看着像小点，太阳却是个圆盘。

The stars look like specks and the sun looks like a circle.

区别就在于太阳更大更近，而星星离得远，看起来也小。

Well, the difference is the sun's bigger and this and the stars are far out and smaller.

夜晚有那么多闪烁的小星星，白天却只有一个太阳。

There are so many tiny twinkling stars in the nighttime, and then there's just one sun in the day.

这是为什么呢？

How come?

原因其实很简单，就是距离不同。

Well, the only reason for that is distance.

太阳比任何其他恒星都要近得多得多。

The sun is much, much, much closer to us than any other star.

有多近呢？

How close is it?

大概是一亿五千万公里远。

Oh, only about a 150,000,000 kilometers away.

一亿五千万。

150,000,000.

如果你开汽车以最快的速度往那儿开，得花上一百八十年才能到。

If you drove really fast in a car, it'd take you about a hundred and eighty years to get there.

这可不算近。

That's not close.

得花好长时间呢。

That's ages.

是啊。

Yeah.

所以星星晚上看着小，是因为离得太远了。

So stars only look small at night because they're so far away.

对。

Yeah.

但要是靠近看，所有恒星都巨大无比。

But up close, all stars are enormous.

比地球还大吗？

Bigger than Earth?

我们的太阳大得惊人，里面能装下一百多万个地球。

Our sun is so big, you could fit more than 1,000,000 Earths inside.

哇哦。

Wow.

太庞大了。

Huge.

真的，比巨大还要巨大。

Like, actually, like, bigger than huge.

巨无霸。

Giant.

特别特别特别特别大。

Really, really, really, really big.

让我们发挥想象力，近距离看看太阳。

Let's use our imaginations to take a closer look at the sun.

我们可以清楚地看到恒星是如何产生如此强光的。

We can see exactly how a star makes all that light.

我们需要火箭飞船和宇航服。

We need a rocket ship and space suits.

我们还得涂防晒霜，再准备一千零二十五升水。

We need sunscreen and a thousand and twenty five eight water.

你最好也想象一下世界上最厉害的空调。

You'd better imagine the world's best air conditioning too.

马上就要热得不得了了。

It's about to get really, really hot.

好的。

Alright.

准备倒数。

Ready for the countdown.

十、九、八、七、六、五、四、三、二、一。

Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one.

点火。

Blaster.

我们升空了。

We're going up.

哇哦。

Woah.

好颠啊。

Bumpy.

我们穿过云层了。

We're through the clouds.

已经脱离地球大气层了。

And out of the earth's atmosphere.

好的。

Alright.

我正在输入坐标。

I'm punching in the coordinates.

目的地，太阳。

Destination, the sun.

哎呀，搭个顺风车。

Oh, hang a ride.

我现在能看到地球了。

I can see earth now.

天空看起来是深黑色的。

The sky look like dark black.

我能看到那颗行星了。

I can see the planet.

哦，快看。

Oh, look.

金星过去了。

There goes Venus.

水星出现了。

And here comes Mercury.

哇。

Woah.

越来越亮了。

It's getting so bright.

大家都戴上太阳镜。

Everyone put your sunnies on.

离太阳越近，阳光就越强。

When you're close to the sun, it's sunny.

是的。

Yeah.

我们离太阳越近，它就会变得越亮、越热。

The closer we get to the sun, the brighter and hotter it's gonna get too.

那是什么声音？

What's that sound?

太阳风。

The solar wind.

太阳正在释放出大量的光和热，同时还喷射出宇宙射线。

The sun is beaming out lots of light and heat, and it's shooting out cosmic rays too.

宇宙射线？

Cosmic rays?

该升起防护盾了。

Time to put the shields up.

小心点。

Look out.

亚原子粒子来了。

Here come the subatomic particles.

这儿越来越热了。

It's getting hot in here.

可能是因为太亮了，而通常越亮的东西就越热。

Maybe because it's so bright and usually bright things get hotter and hotter.

这是太阳啊。

It's the sun.

太阳在燃烧，但不是像木头着火或燃气灶烧气那样的燃烧方式。

The sun is burning, but not in the same way as fire burns wood or gas burns on a stove.

恒星通过一种叫核聚变的过程产生光和热。

A star makes light and heat through something called nuclear fusion.

那是什么意思？

What does that do?

‘融合’这个词，指的是两个小东西合并成一个更大的东西。

Fusion is a word we use when two small things mush together to make one bigger thing.

核聚变就是说，构成原子的那些微小粒子彼此粘在一起。

Nuclear fusion means that teeny tiny particles that make up atoms are sticking together.

我对原子到底是什么其实不太清楚。

I don't really know what atoms are.

东西都是由原子组成的。

Is made out of atoms.

它们非常小。

They're small.

是的。

Yeah.

得用特别高级的显微镜才能看到它们。

Like, you need a really special microscope to see them.

在恒星内部，有很多东西在高速飞来飞去。

Inside a star, lots of things are flying around at top speed.

高温旋转的气体，比如氦和氢，正充满能量地翻腾着。

Hot, swirling gases called helium and hydrogen are churning around with lots of energy.

两个氢原子会以巨大的力量相撞，然后粘在一起。

Two hydrogen atoms can crash into each other with so much force that they stick together.

一旦发生这种情况，它们就会形成氦。

When this happens, they create helium.

那会带来什么结果呢？

What does that do?

它会产生光和热，就像一次小小的爆炸。

It creates light and heat, like a little explosion.

真酷。

Cool.

那里面到底有多少这样的小爆炸在发生呢？

So how many little explosions are happening in there?

每秒一亿次爆炸。

100,000,000 explosions every second.

什么？

What?

太惊人了。

Wow.

太惊人了。

Wow.

难怪这么热。

That's why it's so hot.

别开玩笑了。

Come on.

我们飞近点看看表面吧。

Let's fly up for a closer look at the surface.

看起来像熔岩。

It looks like lava.

哦，它在冒泡。

Oh, it's bubbling.

就像

Like

橙色的粥一样。

orange porridge.

那里翻滚得特别厉害。

So swirly and churning there.

太阳表面可热闹了。

The surface of the sun is a very busy place.

我们能走到上面去吗？

Can we walk on it?

不能。

No.

太热了。

It's too hot.

特别热，灼烧感很强。

Very hot and burning.

实在太热了。

It is too hot.

热了几千度呢。

Thousands of degrees too hot.

但你根本没法踩上去，因为根本没地面可踩。

But you actually can't walk on it because there's no ground to walk on.

如果它全是超高温的气体，那是什么把它聚在一起的？

So if it's all just super hot gas, what's keeping it all together?

重力。

Gravity.

是重力把太阳和它所有的高温气体紧紧压成一个球体。

It's just squeezing the sun and all its hot gases into a ball.

看起来像地球那样是固体，但实际上它全是被紧紧挤在一起的气体。

It looks like it's solid the way Earth is, but actually it's all just gas held together very tightly.

太阳这么亮，为什么太空却这么黑呢？

If the sun is so bright, how come space is so dark?

光可以传播得很远，比如太阳照到地球上的光，或者夜空中遥远恒星闪烁的光。

Well, light can travel a very long way, like the light from the sun beaming down on the earth, or the light from distant stars twinkling in the sky.

但我们要看见光，得有东西让它照到才行。

But light needs to hit something for us to see it.

你这话是什么意思？

What do you mean?

这就像晚上你拿手电筒照外面一样。

It's like if you shine a torch outside at night.

你打开手电筒，是为了看清黑暗里的东西。

You shine it so you can see things in the dark.

对。

Yeah.

当你把光打到树上，就能看见树，因为光在树表面反射回来了。

When you shine the light on a tree, you can see it because the light's bouncing off the tree.

或者光线会从你前面的地面上反射回来，这样你就能看清脚下的路了。

Or the light can bounce off the ground in front of you, so you can see where you're going.

但如果你把手电筒朝夜空照去

But if you shine a torch up at the night sky

那手电筒的光就好像消失了。

Then the torch, like, disappears.

是的。

Yeah.

我们能看到东西，是因为光线从物体上反射回来了。

Light needs to reflect off things for us to see it.

所以因为空间大部分是空的，看起来就是黑的。

So because space is mostly empty, it looks black.

但一旦太阳光照到什么东西上，比如行星或者月亮，我们就能看见它们了。

But once the light from the sun hits something, like a planet or the moon, we can see them.

没错。

That's right.

丽莎，我

Lisa, I

我觉得我快被晒伤了。

think I'm starting to get sunburned.

哦，糟了。

Oh, yikes.

该回家了。

Time to head home.

你看。

Look.

那是地球。

It's earth.

是的。

Yeah.

一半亮得特别明显。

Half of it's really bright.

那就是白天了。

And that's daytime.

另一半则处在阴影里。

And half of it's in the shadow.

哎，你看。

Oh, look.

阴影那边能看见澳大利亚。

There's Australia in the shadowy bit.

是的。

Yeah.

那边是夜晚。

It's nighttime.

连街灯都看得一清二楚。

You can even see all the street lights on.

大家晚安。

Good night, everyone.

晚安。

Good night.

我们着陆时会保持安静。

We'll be quiet when we land.

我们会安静的。

We'll be quiet.

看这么多星星。

Look at all the stars.

真酷，每一颗都跟我们的太阳一样大。

It's so cool that each one is as big as our sun.

是不是很惊人？

Isn't it amazing?

这些还只是我们肉眼能看见的。

And these are just the ones we can see with our eyes.

宇宙中还有无数更多。

There are countless more in the universe.

这么多光在同时发出啊。

That is a lot of light being made.

是啊。

Yeah.

它们都离我们太远了，没法照亮我们的世界。

They're all too far away to light up our world.

所以我们真的很幸运，有这么巨大又美丽的太阳为我们保暖。

So we're very lucky we have our big beautiful sun to keep us warm.

非常感谢你教我们这么多关于恒星的知识。

Thanks so much for teaching us all about the stars.

还有我们的恒星，

And our star,

就是太阳。

the sun.

不用客气。

No worries.

只要有机会，我就想去太空。

I'll take any chance to go to space.

我特别喜欢。

I love it.

所以，梅布尔，太阳之所以能照亮世界，是因为它是离我们最近的恒星。

So, Mabel, the sun lights up the world because it is our closest star.

一个由炽热旋转气体构成的巨大球体，

A giant ball of hot swirling gas held together

靠引力维系在一起。

by gravity.

紧紧地挤压在一起。

Squeeze tight.

在恒星内部，原子以极快的速度飞驰，

Inside the star, atoms are whizzing around at top speed

并且因巨大的力量相互结合，

and sticking together with so much force,

它们就产生了光和热。

they create light and heat.

这叫核聚变。

Nuclear fusion.

光穿过太空，一路来到我们这里，

The light travels all the way through space to us here

就是地球朝向太阳的这一半。

on the half of the world that's facing the sun

这时候就是白天。

It's daytime.

而另一半处在阴影里，

While the other half is in shadow

那就是夜晚。

It's nighttime.

我们就能看到星星了。

And we can see stars.

宇宙中有数不清的恒星，每一颗都是炽热明亮的太阳。

There are countless stars in the universe, and all of them are hot, bright suns.

也许它们正在遥远的星球上，照亮着那里的世界。

And maybe they're lighting up their own worlds far, far away.

你有没有在苹果里穿过像隧道一样的虫道？

Have you ever trekked through worm tunnels inside an apple?

你有没有滑过蜗牛爬过的黏液？

Have you ever slid across snail slime?

你有没有被鬼蘑菇吓到过？

Have you ever been spooked by a ghost mushroom?

都没试过？

No?

那你还等什么？

Well, what are you waiting for?

来和我——科斯塔，还有我的朋友扎维尔和米莉，一起踏上一场精彩的冒险，探索植物世界的奥秘吧。

Join me, Costa, and my friends, Xavier and Millie, on a super fun adventure discovering the secrets of the plant world.

我们一起变成大花园里的小小探险家。

Together, we'll become tiny explorers in a giant garden.

快来收听《澳大利亚园艺少儿版》播客的新一季。

Tune in to the new season of the Gardening Australia Junior podcast.

所有集数现在已经上线了。

All episodes are out now.

可以在ABC听播客App上找到它们。

Find them on the ABC listen app.