水是如何变成尿液的？

ABC，听好了。

ABC, listen.

你好。

Hello.

我叫尼吉。

I'm Nij.

现在在《想象一下》这个节目里，我急着上厕所。

And right now on Imagine This, I am busting for the toilet.

它

It

感觉你肚子都涨满了。

feels like your abdomen is full.

我简直觉得整个人都要炸了。

I'm like, my whole body is gonna explode.

感觉我得跳起舞来才行。

It feels like I need to do a dance.

是的。

Yeah.

也许我轻轻晃动一下双腿，能分散一下注意力。

Maybe if I do a little wee wiggle across my legs, that might take my mind off it.

那可能只会弄湿你的裤子。

It would probably just be your pants.

滴滴答答。

Tinkle, tinkle.

这样会让尿忍不住出来。

It makes your wee wee come out.

这可帮不上忙。

That's not helping.

你应该去公园。

You should go to the parkland.

说起来，我们收到过几个关于小便的问题。

Come to think of it, we've had a couple of questions about wee.

我叫索菲，今年四岁。

I'm Soph and I'm four years old.

我十岁了，不对，是七岁。

And I'm 10 and I'm seven years old.

我叫萨马拉，今年五岁。

My name's Samara and I'm five years old.

我叫达娜。

My name's Dana.

我五岁。

I'm five years old.

我们想知道，为什么人要上厕所？

And we wanna know Why do we need to pee?

为什么我们得哭？

Why do we have to weep?

水是怎么变成尿的？

How does water turn into wee?

这些问题问得真棒。

Those are some weely good questions.

我知道有个人能回答这些问题。

And I know someone who can answer them.

斯拉达·科特瓦尔医生。

Doctor Sradha Kotwal.

她是一位专门了解肾脏的医生。

She's a doctor that knows all about kidneys.

肾脏是我们身体里产生尿液的器官。

That's the part of our body that makes wheat.

我们来问问斯拉达医生吧。

Let's talk to Doctor Sradha.

好的。

Yep.

我刚上完厕所就来。

Right after I popped to the loo.

不好意思，借过一下。

Excuse me.

请让一让。

Coming through.

急着上厕所。

Bladder emergency.

这下舒服多了。

That's better.

你好，尼吉。

Hi, Nij.

你好，科特瓦尔医生。

Hi, doctor Kotwal.

你好，舒娜。

Hi, Shuana.

大家好。

Hi, everyone.

我们在公园里。

We're in the park.

今天天气真好，对吧？

Lovely day, isn't it?

我觉得咱们该出来走走。

I thought we should spend it outside.

我看到好多树。

I can see lots of trees.

那边有个游乐场。

There's a playground.

鸟儿们正在喷泉边喝水。

Birds are drinking from that water fountain.

哇哦。

Woah.

那只鸟看起来特别渴。

That one looks super thirsty.

我们每个人都得喝水。

It's important to drink water for all of us.

鸟类也是，特别是天热的时候。

Birds too, especially on hot days.

喝了水，它们就得排尿。

It'll make them need to wee.

鸟也会排尿吗？

Do birds wee?

鸟确实会排尿。

Birds do wee.

鸟的尿和粪便是混在一起的。

Birds, wee is mixed with their poo.

对。

Mhmm.

鱼、青蛙、哺乳动物、爬行动物，都会排尿。

Fish and frogs and mammals, reptiles, all wee.

北极熊的尿会是什么样子？

What would a polar bear's wee come out like?

估计会像冰块一样出来。

It would probably come out like ice cubes.

不会吧。

No.

我们本来想请你帮我们解答一些关于尿的问题。

We were hoping you could help us out with some questions about wee.

当然可以。

Of course.

水是怎么变成尿的？

How does water turn into wee?

我们为什么需要排尿？

Why do we need to we?

我一定能帮你们解答这些问题。

I can definitely help you with your questions.

所以要了解人体是怎么把水变成尿的，最好从旅程的起点说起。

So to find out about how our human bodies turn water into we, it might be best to start at the beginning of the journey.

哪儿？

Where?

从一杯清凉解渴的水开始。

In a cool, refreshing glass of water.

想不想来个快速的旅程？

Fancy a quick dip?

是的。

Yeah.

对。

Yeah.

当然了。

Definitely.

好的。

Okay.

咱们想象自己变得特别特别小。

Let's imagine ourselves really tiny.

小到什么程度？

How tiny?

小到不能再小了。

Really, really tiny.

哇哦。

Woah.

跳进一杯水里。

Put in a glass of water.

这感觉真舒服。

This feels nice.

我们来当美人鱼吧。

Let's play mermaids.

走吧，彼得。

Go, Peter.

这招挺酷的。

That's a cool trick.

看我。

Look at me.

我正在做狗狗式爸爸。

I'm doing doggy fathering.

这样我就能潜下去，下面转圈。

So I can dive and spin around under.

干得不错。

Good job.

别太放松了。

Don't get too comfortable.

我们待不了多久。

We won't be here long.

现在发生什么了？

What's happening now?

我们被吞进去了。

We're being swallowed.

我们现在在食道里。

We're going down the esophagus.

就是连接嘴巴和胃的那根管子。

That's the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach.

哇哦。

Woah.

我们到胃里了。

We're in the tummy.

有点滑腻。

It's a bit slimy.

哦，这里都是嚼碎了的食物残渣。

Oh, those bits of chewed up food in here.

胆小鬼？

Cowards?

哦，真香。

Oh, yum.

别吃那个。

Don't eat that.

已经有人吃过了。

Someone already has.

我们来过这儿。

We've been here before.

是的。

Yeah.

食物和水就是在这里经过的。

This is where food and water go

吃完以后。

after you've eaten.

然后它们会和胃液混合，更容易消化。

Then it gets mixed up with stomach juices so it's easier to digest.

没错。

That's right.

然后这些东西会往下进入一条叫小肠的长管道。

Then it all moves down a long tube called the small intestine.

你的肠道会用一种叫酶的酸性物质来分解食物。

Your intestines break down your food with these acids called enzymes.

太棒了。

Woo hoo.

我们正在

We're on the move in the

小肠里移动。

small intestine.

这太酷了。

This is so cool.

又长又像个管子。

It's so long and tuby.

这就像是

It's just like

那是什么？

a What's that?

尼吉，你去哪儿了？

Nij, where did you go?

他被吸进肠壁里了。

He got sucked through the intestinal wall.

喂？

Hello?

大家都是怎么过去的？

How about everyone go?

有人知道吗？

Anyone?

我这是在哪儿？

Where am I?

我们已经被吸进来了。

We've been sucked through.

我就在你们后面。

I'm right behind you.

我们现在在哪？

Where are we now?

欢迎来到血液循环系统。

Welcome to the bloodstream.

我还以为我们在水里，不是在血里。

I thought we were in water, not blood.

你喝的水从嘴巴进入胃里，然后通过肠道，大部分都会被吸收进血液里。

The water you drink goes from your mouth down into your stomach, then once it's in the tube of your intestines, most of it gets absorbed into the bloodstream.

天哪。

Woah.

你的血液大约一半是水，一直由心脏在全身循环。

Your blood is made up of about 50% water, about half, and it's always pumped around your body by your heart.

既然我们现在在血液里了，接下来要去哪儿？

Now that we're in the bloodstream, where are we going?

我们正流向心脏。

We're flowing to the heart.

往上绕过肩膀。

Up and around the shoulder.

在肺部吸收一些氧气。

Picking up some oxygen at the lungs.

氧气。

Oxygen.

它提供能量，帮我们活动。

It gives us light, helps us to move.

还要汇合从身体其他部位回来的血液。

And meeting up with blood that has been everywhere else in the body.

我们现在往下走了。

We're heading down now.

朝着一个像豆子一样的东西去吗？

Towards something shaped like a bean?

身体里有个巨大的豆子？

Is there a giant bean in the body?

不是豆子。

It's not a bean.

是肾脏。

It's a kidney.

你的肾脏大概和拳头一样大，大多数人有两个。

Your kidneys are about the size of your fist, and most people have two of them.

它们位于下背部，脊柱两侧。

They sit in your lower back on either side of your spine.

而且，是的，它们的形状确实像豆子。

And, yeah, they are shaped like a bean.

水经过胃、肠道进入血液后，肾脏就是我们从水变成尿液的下一个阶段。

After water has been taken through your stomach, intestines, and into the blood, the kidney is the next step on our journey from water to weed.

我觉得它们是通过过滤血液来产生尿液的。

They make your urine, I think, by cleaning blood.

没错。

That's right.

就像洗衣机一样。

Like a washing machine.

特别是，混合

Especially, mix

往上走。

up.

差不多吧。

Kinda.

然后，尿出来。

And then, wee.

光线会一直不断地被输送到肾脏里。

Light gets pumped into the kidneys all the time.

这些肾脏可真是勤快。

They're hard workers, these kidneys.

它们几乎每小时就把你全身的血液过滤一遍。

They clean every drop of blood in your body almost every hour.

我们进去了。

We're going in.

然后你看我。

And then look at me.

我的脚踩在木板边上。

My feet in the wood side.

是的。

Yeah.

越来越多的分支通道延伸出来。

With more and more tunnels branching off.

血液就在这些细小的分支通道里流动。

The blood moves through these tiny branching tunnels.

越来越小了。

Getting smaller.

现在变得越来越软了。

It's getting squishier now.

过不去了。

We can't fit.

前面好像有东西。

There's something up ahead.

挡住了去路。

It's blocking away.

这是肾单位，肾脏的工作主力。

This is a nephron, the workhorse of the kidney.

它就像一个小筛子，把废物过滤掉，把身体需要的物质重新送回血液里。

It's like a little sieve that filters out the waste and lets stuff you need back into the bloodstream.

你的肾脏里有超过一百万个这样的微小肾单位，负责清洁你的血液。

There are over 1,000,000 of these tiny nephrons inside your kidneys that clean your blood.

血液进来，尿液出去。

Blood goes in, and wee comes out.

真的吗？

Really?

可是尿液看起来跟血液一点都不像。

But wee doesn't look anything like blood.

我觉得它们都被清理干净了。

I think they're cleaned.

对。

Yep.

所有让血液变红的东西都会留在血管里。

All the stuff that makes our blood red stays in the bloodstream.

包括红血球、维持免疫系统所需的细胞，还有我们从食物中吸收的维生素和蛋白质。

So that's all the red blood cells, plus the cells that we need to keep our immune system strong, and all the vitamins and proteins that our bodies get from the food we eat.

那哪些东西会被过滤掉呢？

What gets filtered out?

身体不需要的那些剩余物质。

The leftover stuff our bodies don't need.

多余的盐分、你摄取过量的维生素，还有肝脏分解蛋白质时产生的尿素这种废物。

The extra salt, the vitamins you have enough of, and a waste molecule called urea that your liver makes through breaking down proteins.

尿素听起来像尿液？

Urea sounds like urine?

对。

Yes.

不过尿素的量其实很少。

It's just a little bit of urea, though.

我们尿液的大部分，其实都是水。

Most of our urine, are we, is just water.

你得是肾脏才行。

You've gotta be kidney.

懂了吗？

Get it?

你逗我呢？

Like, you kidding me?

全看怎么说了。

It's all in the delivery.

好吧。

Alright.

该挤过去了。

Time to squeeze through.

现在又变成‘我们’了？

Is it we now?

快了。

Almost.

血液流经所有肾单位后，会进入一些细小的管子。

After the blood goes through all the nephrons, it travels along tiny tubules.

喂。

Hey.

你看。

Look.

物质正被吸进管壁里。

Things are being sucked through the walls of the tubes.

这时候，身体会重新吸收那些它还想保留的维生素和细胞——那些虽然通过了肾单位的初始阶段，但身体依然需要的东西。

This is when the body starts to take back any more of those vitamins or cells it wants to keep, stuff that got through the start of the nephron but your body could still use.

哎哟。

Whoop.

维生素C和一些B族维生素，比如B1和B2，都被回收了。

There goes some vitamin c and some of the b's, b one and b two.

穿睡衣的香蕉。

The bananas in pajamas.

不行。

No.

别提香蕉了。

Not the bananas.

这些都是维生素。

They're vitamins.

那是硫胺素和核黄素的味道。

That's thiamine and ribo flavor.

身体最想留住的是水分。

The main thing your body wants to hang on to is water.

我们不是直接排掉吗？

Don't we just taps?

不是的。

No.

水非常宝贵，身体会努力保留足够的水分，确保你随时都处于水合状态。

Water is precious, and the body tries to keep enough flowing to keep you hydrated at all times.

哦，所以你不会把喝进去的水全都排掉。

Ah, so you don't weigh out all the water you drink.

不会。

Nope.

身体里保持适量的水分非常重要。

Having the right amount of water in your body is very important.

我觉得人体大约有70%都是液态水。

I think, like, 70% of the body is made of liquid water.

所以你的皮肤才会比较柔软。

That's why your skin is a bit soft.

你得时刻注意补水。

You need to keep hydrated.

水不会一直留在肚子里，一晒太阳，你就会出汗。

It's not like the water will stay in your belly forever because if you go out in the sun, you start sweating.

出汗其实就是你喝进去的水在往外排。

And sweating is the water you've actually drunk.

所以你得喝水来补充流失的汗液。

So you drink water to replace your sweat.

没错。

Absolutely.

但喝水也有助于让心脏更轻松。

But it also helps to keep your heart happy.

如果你体内水分不足，心脏泵血会变得困难得多。

Your heart has a much harder time pumping your blood around if you don't have enough water in your body.

我们继续沿着肾小管往前走。

Let's keep heading through the tubules.

往左。

To the left.

往右。

To the right.

保持地面清洁。

Keep up the floor.

现在血液已经被净化了，所有血细胞连同水分和维生素等有益成分都回到了血液循环中。

Now the blood has been cleaned and all the blood cells have been taken back to the blood stream along with all the other good stuff like water and vitamins.

现在看起来更像是这样了。

It's looking more like we now.

闻起来也像我们现在这样了。

Smelling more like we now too.

听到了。

Hear you.

经过所有肾小管的蜿蜒流动后，废物和多余的水分通过一根叫输尿管的管道流入膀胱。

After winding its way through all the tubules, the waste and excess water drains into the bladder through a tube called the ureter.

我们非得去膀胱吗？

Do we have to go to the bladder?

尿液都在那儿呢。

That's where all the wee is.

咱们坐船进去吧。

Let's get in a canoe.

好主意。

Great idea.

我就在脑子里想象一艘船吧。

I'll just imagine one up.

看不到船啊，尼尔。

Can't see canoe, Nij.

好吧。

Alright.

大家都上船吧。

Hop in everyone.

任何时候都要把手脚放在船内。

Keep your hands and feet inside the canoe at all times.

真的哦。

Literally.

哦，里面好暗。

Oh, it's dark in here.

墙壁又厚又结实。

The walls are really thick and tough.

我们已经在膀胱里了。

We're in the bladder.

尿液就是存在这里的。

And it's where the pee goes.

下面的空间可真不小。

There's a lot of way down here.

有点像一个有肌肉的气球。

It's sort of like a muscly balloon.

尿进来的时候它会膨胀，上完厕所后又会缩回去。

It inflates as wee comes in and then deflates after you've gone to the toilet.

它有肌肉？

It's muscly?

那当然。

You bet.

膀胱得足够有力，才能把尿稳稳地憋住。

The bladder needs to be strong enough to hold on to all the wee.

这尿看着挺清澈的。

This wee looks nice and clear.

尿液为什么会呈现不同颜色？

What makes wee different colors?

黄色或者透明的。

Yellow or clear.

颜色取决于你喝了多少水。

The color depends on how much water you've had.

记住，水很宝贵，身体在缺水时会尽量保留水分。

Remember, water is precious, so your body won't let too much go if you don't have enough to spare.

所以通过尿液的颜色，你就能知道有没有喝够水。

So you can tell if you've drunk enough water by the color of your week.

尿液颜色变深，说明你喝水不够。

When your wheeze level, that means you're not drinking enough water.

这是身体在提醒你该停了。

It tells you stop.

你得想办法补充水分。

You have to create more water.

是的。

Yep.

就是这样。

That's it.

如果尿液是淡黄色，说明你身体水分充足，尿液稀释得刚刚好。

If it's a light yellow color, that means your body has enough water to make nice watery whe.

但如果尿液是深黄色，就说明你喝水不够，体内的废物浓度太高了。

But if your whe is dark yellow, it means you haven't been drinking enough water, and the waste is more concentrated than it should be.

那要是蓝色呢？

What if it's blue?

那要是红色或者绿色呢？

What if it's red or green?

可能是你吃了红色的东西，比如甜菜，或者蓝色的东西，比如一大颗蓝色糖果。

It might mean you ate something red, like beetroot, or something blue, like a big blue lollipop.

也可能是身体出了什么问题。

Or it could mean there's something wrong.

所以如果你的尿液颜色异常，最好告诉值得信赖的大人。

So if your wee is an unusual color, it's good to tell your trusted grown up.

那是什么声音？

What's that sound?

膀胱满了以后，大脑会提醒身体该去上厕所了。

Once the bladder is full, your brain tells your body it's time to go to the bathroom.

是的，我知道那种感觉。

Oh, yep.

我知道那种感觉。

I know that feeling.

我们都应该在有需要时听从身体的信号。

We should all listen to our bodies when we feel the need.

憋着不排尿对肌肉不好。

It's not good to tire out the muscles.

对。

Yeah.

就是那种快憋不住的感觉。

That's when you feel like you're busting.

咱们赶紧走吧。

Let's get out of here.

我可不想最后憋在马桶里。

I don't wanna end up in a toilet bowl.

是的。

Yeah.

我也是。

Me neither.

走吧。

Let's go.

哇。

Wow.

真舒服。

That was nice.

是的。

Yeah.

对不起，Sradha。

Sorry, Sradha.

我的肾脏现在正在过滤我的血液、产生尿液吗？

Are my kidneys cleaning my blood and making whey right now?

对。

Yep.

我们的肾脏工作非常辛苦。

Our kidneys work super hard.

依我看，它们是身体里最拼命的器官，所以好好照顾它们很有必要。

If you ask me, they're the hardest workers in the body, so it's a good idea to take care of them.

我们该怎么照顾呢？

How can we do that?

每天运动，健康饮食，多喝水，多吃蔬菜。

Everyday exercise, eat healthy, drink water and eat vegetables.

说得对。

Spot on.

照顾肾脏最好的方法就是喝足够的水。

The best way to look after your kidneys is to drink enough water.

不是碳酸饮料，也不是果汁。

Not fizzy drink or juice.

别吃太多咸的食物。

Don't eat too much salty food.

还要多运动，让血液在全身顺畅循环。

And get enough exercise to keep your blood pumping well around your whole body.

谢谢你告诉我们尿液是怎么形成的，苏拉。

Thanks for teaching us all about how wee is made, Trudha.

事实上，我现在又得去一趟了。

In fact, I think I have to go again right now.

又？

Again?

不是。

No.

我其实一直在喝水。

Well, I was been drinking water.

你去趟洗手间吧。

You should go to your bathroom.

那边就有洗手间。

There's a bathroom there.

别憋着了。

You don't need to hold it.

呼，终于好了。

Phew.

马上回来。

Back in a tick.

所以，泰德、索菲、达娜和萨马拉，我们喝水的时候，水会顺着喉咙往下走

So, Ted, Soph, Dana, and Samara, when we drink water, it travels down our throats

那些女权运动者。

They suffragists.

最后到达胃里。

To land in the stomach.

在肚子里。

In the belly.

然后它通过小肠，被吸收到血液里。

It then moves through the small intestine where it gets absorbed into the bloodstream

它会流遍你全身。

It goes all around your body.

直到血液到达肾脏。

Until the blood gets to the kidneys.

它们像洗衣机一样清洁你的血液。

They clean your blood like a washing machine.

当血液流经肾脏时，身体需要的物质都会留在血液里。

When blood moves through the kidneys, all the stuff the body can use stays in the bloodstream.

水。

Water.

维生素。

Vitamin.

血细胞。

Blood cells.

而废物会被分离出来。

And the waste is separated out.

通过肾单位。

By nephrons.

这些过滤后的废物，连同多余的水分，会通过输尿管流入膀胱。

This filtered waste, along with the extra water, travels down tubes called ureters into the bladder.

膀胱会像气球一样胀起来。

That fills up like a balloon.

当膀胱满了，身体就会提醒你该去排尿了。

When your bladder is full, your body tells you it's time to go.