Why does my mouth like sugar but my body doesn't?

这是ABC的播客节目。

This is an ABC podcast.

你好。

Hello.

我叫Nij。

My name is Nij.

今天要聊的是抱歉。

And today on sorry.

让我再试一次。

Let me try that again.

今天在《想象一下》节目中，不好意思。

Today on Imagine excuse me.

让我再试最后一次。

Let me try that one more time.

今天在《想象一下》节目中

Today on Imagine this

肚子在咕咕叫了。

Rumble rum.

这说明你饿了。

Means that you're hungry.

特别饿。

Really hungry.

是的。

Yeah.

你说得对。

You're right.

我真的好饿。

I am really hungry.

我想吃点甜的。

I feel like something sweet.

冰淇淋。

Ice cream.

甜甜圈？

Doughnuts?

巧克力饼干。

Chocolate biscuits.

还是士力架？

Or Smarties?

哦，听起来真好吃。

Oh, yum.

我朋友简要来家里，我想做点特别好吃的。

My friend Jane is coming over, and I wanna make something really yummy.

也许我午餐就吃这些吧。

Maybe I can have all that for lunch.

为什么

Why

不行呢？

not?

因为你吃多了会不舒服。

Because you'll get sick.

对牙齿不好。

Because it's bad for your teeth.

糖分太多了。

It's too much sweet.

说得有道理。

Good point.

味道确实很棒，但我总觉得吃多了对身体不太好。

It tastes so good, but I don't think it's very good for me.

这个问题一直萦绕在我们朋友艾萨克的心头。

That's the question that's been on the mind of our friend Isaac.

你好。

Hi.

我叫艾萨克，今年七岁。

My name's Isaac, and I'm seven years old.

我想知道，为什么我的嘴特别爱吃糖，可身体却不喜欢。

I'd like to know why my mouth loves sugar, but my body doesn't.

今天在《想象一下》节目中，我们来探讨一下，为什么糖吃起来这么香。

Today on Imagine This, we're wondering why sugar tastes so good.

真好吃。

Delicious.

但可能对身体不太好。

But might not be good for us.

糖啊，太甜了。

Sugar, it's too sweet.

对身体有害。

Bad for you.

哦？为什么呢？

Oh, why?

我不太清楚。

I don't know.

我也不知道，不过简可能知道。

I don't know either, but Jane might.

简·弗里曼来自澳大利亚营养师协会。

Jane Freeman is from the Dietitians Association of Australia.

营养师是研究食物和人体的专家。

Dietitians are experts on food and our bodies.

现在请她来谈谈。

Here she is now.

你好，简。

Hi, Jane.

大家好。

Hi, everyone.

嗨。

Hi.

你好。

Hello.

他又饿了。

He's hungry again.

我知道多吃蔬菜好，可我就是特别想吃点甜的。

I know it's good to eat lots of veggies, but I really feel like something sweet.

比如蛋糕、纸杯蛋糕和奶油？

Like cake and cupcakes and cream?

对。

Yeah.

所以我们想知道，为什么嘴巴这么爱糖，身体却不喜欢呢？

So we're wondering, why do our mouths love sugar, but our bodies don't?

这是个非常好的问题。

It's a really great question.

简短的回答是，糖本身不是全然有害的，但吃太多确实会有问题。

The short answer is sugar isn't all bad for you, but too much sugar can be a problem.

要解释清楚有点复杂。

It's a bit tricky to explain.

我给你演示一下就清楚了，不过咱们得发挥点想象力。

It's easier if I show you, but we're going to have to use our imaginations.

想象不出来？

Unimagine this?

别担心。

No worries.

好的，尼奇。

Alrighty, Nidge.

拿着这个对讲机。

Take this walkie talkie.

待会儿用得上。

We'll be needing it later.

能张大嘴巴吗？

And can you open your mouth nice and wide?

可以。

Sure.

完美。

Perfect.

我们靠近点看看，你没意见吧？

Is it alright with you if we go in for a closer look?

好。

Yeah.

尽管看吧。

Go for it.

张开嘴，啊——

Say ah.

啊——

Ah.

哦，它变小了。

Oh, it shrunk down.

我们现在在你嘴里了。

We're in your mouth.

感觉像置身于一个特别湿的地方。

It feels like I'm in the So wet.

那些是泡菜吗？

Are those pickles?

如果我们想了解糖在体内的作用，口腔是个很好的起点。

If we want to understand how sugar works in our bodies, the mouth is a good place to

开始。

start.

你的舌头全是小疙瘩。

Your tongue's all bumpy.

每个人的舌头上都布满了一种叫味蕾的小突起。

Everyone's tongue is covered in tiny little bumps called taste buds.

它们负责感知味道，并向大脑传递信号。

They're in charge of detecting flavor and sending messages to your brain.

是甜的。

It's sweet.

这是咸的。

It's salty.

你的大脑会迅速接收这些信号，把它们转化成味觉体验。

Your brain gets all these messages and turns that information in to taste really quickly.

所以舌头上的这些小凸起能告诉你食物是什么味道？

So the bumps on your tongue tell you what to taste?

我们也会用鼻子来感知。

We use our noses too.

它的原理和味蕾是一样的。

It works in the same way as your taste buds.

鼻子会把信息传送到大脑。

Your nose sends messages to your brain.

闻起来像鸡肉。

Smells like chicken.

不对。

No.

这是鱼。

It's fish.

我们的大脑会综合鼻子和味蕾传来的信息，来感知各种味道。

Our brain uses the messages from our noses and taste buds to taste flavors.

李子，巧克力。

Plum, chocolate.

我最喜欢的味道是草莓。

My favorite flavor is strawberry.

食物一进嘴里，我们就会咀嚼，这样才能尝到它所有的美味。

Once food is in our mouths, we chew it up so we can taste all of its delicious flavors.

然后它就会一直往下到肚子里吗？

And then it goes all the way down to our belly?

接下来我们要说的，正是这个地方。

And that's exactly where we're headed next.

你准备好了吗？

Are you ready?

我们正在往下走。

We're going down.

哇哦。

Woah.

嘿。

Hey.

你们下面是怎么下去的？

How are you guys going down there?

我们就在你的胃里。

We're in your tummy.

没错。

Yes.

食物从你的嘴巴出发，顺着喉咙里的一条大管道往下走，最后到达胃里。

Food travels from your mouth down a big tube in your throat and lands right here in the stomach.

到了这儿之后，它会被搅拌和翻动。

When it gets here, it gets mixed and churned around.

胃里的胃酸会杀死可能进入的细菌，还会和口水、水分混合，把食物变成液体，方便消化。

Stomach juices made of acid kill any germs that might have gotten in, and it's mixed with water and saliva from your mouth to make your food into a liquid so it's easier to digest.

我觉得食物消化完就会变成便便，然后从屁股里排出来。

I think your food gets digested and then turns into poo poo and then comes out in our bum.

哎呀，咱们别跳得太快。

Oh, let's not get ahead of ourselves.

现在食物已经搅匀了。

Now the food is all mixed up.

接下来它去哪儿？

Where does it go next?

进入小肠。

Down the small intestine.

跟我来。

Follow me.

小肠。

The small intestine.

它就像一条隧道，弯弯曲曲的，跟蚯蚓一样。

It's like a tunnel, and it's all squiggly like a worm.

成年人的这条肠子大约有七米长。

In grown ups, it's about seven meters long.

七米？

Seven meters?

比长颈鹿还高呢。

That's taller than a giraffe.

长颈鹿？

A giraffe?

天哪，真的假的。

Holy moly bolly.

天哪，真的假的。

Holy moly bolly.

真的特别长。

It's really long.

它被紧紧地卷在一起，这样才放得下。

It's bundled up all together nice and tight so it can fit.

你的小肠是做什么用的？

What does your small intestine do?

食物会经过小肠，被分拣处理。

Food comes through the small intestines to get sorted.

其中一些有益的部分会被身体吸收利用。

Some of the good parts can be taken out for our body to use.

我觉得你需要吃蔬菜和蛋白质。

I think you need vegetables and protein.

还有维生素。

Vitamins.

这样你才会变得强壮又高大。

It makes you strong and big and strong.

哦，对。

Oh, yeah.

还有钙和维生素C之类的。

And like calcium and like vitamin c.

其他那些没用的部分，身体会把它变成废物排出。

And the other stuff, some of it will be turned into waste if it's not needed.

就像所有的糖分？

Oh, like all the sugar.

其实，健康饮食中也需要一点点糖。

Actually, need a bit of sugar as part of a healthy diet.

我们只需要合适的那种糖。

We just need the right kind of sugar.

咱们来看看身体里的区别吧。

Let's look at the difference in our bodies.

好的，Nidge。

Alrighty, Nidge.

能帮我喝一大杯糖浆，再吃几颗红色的软糖吗？

Can you drink a big glass of cordial for me and also eat a couple of red frogs?

我可以吗？

Can I?

哇哦。

Whoo.

我感觉好多了。

I feel better already.

原来没那么饿。

Mustn't have been that hungry.

我感觉棒极了。

I feel great.

糖一进入胃和小肠，就会像巨浪一样迅速被身体吸收。

Once the sugar hits our stomach and small intestine, it gets taken through the body really fast like a big wave.

它飞快地穿过身体，让人充满能量。

It rushes through us, makes us feel full of energy.

然后我就会快得像这样。

Then I'll go so fast, I'll go like this.

这些糖虽然能给你能量，但撑不了多久。

That sugar, it may give you energy, but it doesn't give you energy for a long time.

我不确定你怎么样，但我现在感觉特别棒。

I don't know about you, but I feel amazing.

但你知道大浪之后会怎样吗？

But you know what happens to all big waves?

它会退去。

It crashes.

我

I

现在有点犯困了。

feel sleepy now.

哎呀，不好了。

Oh, no.

他又饿了。

He's hungry again.

是的。

Yep.

糖果和果味饮料里，除了糖就没啥别的了。

There's not much else to lollies and cordial except sugar.

现在，你再吃点零食吧。

Now, want you to have another snack.

这次，吃一根香蕉和一片吐司。

This time, eat a banana and a piece of toast.

虽然香蕉和吐司里也有糖，但尼贾这次的零食里还包含了很多身体能用得上的营养成分。

Even though the bananas and even toast have sugar in them, the rest of Nidja's snack was full of lots of things his body can use.

当食物到达小肠时，身体里的肝脏会告诉那些有益的成分该去哪儿。

When the food gets to us here in the small intestines, a body part called the liver tells all the good stuff where to go.

维生素C，麻烦这边来一份。

Vitamin c this way, please.

非常感谢。

Thank you very much.

脂肪往那边走。

And fats over there.

谢谢。

Thank you.

干得不错，各位。

Good work, guys.

这些有益的成分都会被送到身体需要它们的地方。

All these good things get sent around the body to where we need them.

钙。

Calcium.

钙在哪儿？

Where's calcium?

我等了他一整天了。

I've been waiting for him all day.

哦，原来在这儿。

Oh, there you are.

在这儿。

Over here.

谢谢。

Thank you.

很好。

Good.

铁。

Iron.

对。

Yeah.

听着，我知道你觉得你很厉害，但你也得过来一下。

Look, I know you think you're tough, but you've gotta come over here too.

我们需要食物来提供能量，让身体一整天都能正常运转，不只是为了跑跑跳跳。

We need food for energy to keep this going all day, not just so we can run and play.

我们还需要能量来做什么？

What else do we need energy for?

我们需要能量来走路、思考，甚至睡觉。

We need energy so we can walk, think, and even sleep.

我们做每件事都需要能量。

We need energy for everything we do.

哦，简。

Oh, Jane.

吃完这顿小点心，我感觉好多了。

I feel so much better after that snack.

既然身体已经吸收了所有有用的成分，剩下的部分会怎样呢？

So now that my body has taken out all the useful stuff, what happens to the rest of it?

身体用不上的部分就会变成废物。

Whatever our body can't use gets turned into waste.

你准备做树式动作的地方。

The place that you're getting ready to do Weedian pose.

在厕所里。

In the toilet.

也许该

Maybe it's

是时候出来了，各位。

time to come out, guys.

对。

Yeah.

咱们别在这儿待到那部分了。

Let's not stick around for that part.

尼德，我们出来了。

Nidj, we're coming out.

我们刚才在你肚子里。

We were in your tummy.

欢迎回来，各位。

Welcome back, everyone.

你们的想象力真丰富。

You've got great imaginations.

折腾了这么半天，我得补充点能量了。

After all that brainwork, I need some energy.

咱们出去吃个午饭吧。

Let's go out and get some lunch.

好啊。

Yeah.

就这么办。

Let's do it.

我知道一家特别棒的法拉费店。

I know this great falafel place.

对了，街那头还有一家意大利餐厅。

Oh, there's this Italian place down

路上也有家意大利餐厅。

the road too.

我饿了。

I'm hungry.

待会儿见，阿尼卡。

See you later, Anika.

别忘了带纸巾。

Don't forget your toilet paper.

那为什么我们的嘴巴这么喜欢糖呢？

So why does our mouth like sugar?

味蕾。

Taste buds.

味蕾。

Taste buds.

对。

Yes.

当我们吃甜食的时候，味蕾会向大脑传递信号。

When we eat something sweet, our brain gets messages from our taste buds

因为甜。

It's sweet.

还有我们的鼻子在提醒我们，这味道太香了。

And our noses telling us it's delicious.

真好吃。

Yummy.

如果糖来自水果、面包或者其他天然食物，我们的身体不仅能吸收糖分，还能同时获取其他有益成分，并把它们输送到全身提供能量。

If the sugar comes from fruit or bread or other whole foods, our body takes in the sugar as well as all the other useful parts and spreads them around our bodies for energy.

但如果我们吃的是糖果或者甜点，身体就会在短时间内摄入过多糖分。

But if we get the sugar from eating lollies or treats, we get a lot of sugar in our bodies too quickly.

我们会先感到兴奋，接着又突然没劲儿。

We can have a sugar high and then a sugar crash.

所以艾萨克，我们的嘴巴喜欢糖，是因为它味道好。

So Isaac, our mouths love sugar because it tastes delicious.

但我们的身体并不只喜欢糖。

But our bodies don't love just sugar.

我们的身体更需要肉类、豆腐或豆类里的蛋白质，水果蔬菜里的维生素，牛油果和坚果里的脂肪——因为整天思考、玩耍、发挥想象力，都需要多样化的营养。

Our bodies love protein from meat, tofu, or beans, vitamins from fruit and veggies, fats from avocado or nuts, because we need to eat lots of different foods to think, play, and imagine all day.

想象一下，这是由我，纳拉吉·拉尔医生主持的ABC儿童收听播客。

Imagine this is an ABC Kids Listen podcast hosted by me, doctor Niraj Lal.

特别感谢澳大利亚营养师协会的简·弗里曼，以及今天参与节目的所有孩子们。

A big thank you to Jane Freeman from the Dietitians Association of Australia and all the kids from today's episode.

本集由萨米娅·贝拉撰写并制作。

This episode was written and produced by Samia Bella.

高级制作人是艾玛·吉布斯，音频工程师是布莱斯·哈利迪。

Senior producer is Emma Gibbs, and our audio engineer is Bryce Halliday.

想收听更多精彩的儿童播客？请下载ABC儿童收听应用。

To hear more great podcasts for kids, download the ABC Kids Listen app.

如果你吃了太多糖果，想找点有趣的事做，不妨听听《故事沙拉》——两位主持人会随机抽取三个词，三分钟内即兴编出一个故事。

If you've had one too many lollies and need something fun to do, get your ears around story salad, the show where two hosts are given three random words and they make up a story on the spot in just three minutes.

泰迪熊、橙色和城堡，它们之间有什么共同点？

What do a teddy, the color orange, and a castle have in common?

完全猜不到。

No idea.

那马、防晒霜和屁股有什么共同点呢？

How about a horse, sunscreen, and a bum?

想知道答案的话，就得继续听下去了。

We'll have to listen to find out.

锁定《故事沙拉》，只在ABC Kids Listen应用里收听。

Tune in to Story Salad only on the ABC Kids Listen app.

在应用商店免费下载。

Free from your app store.