Let's Learn English! Topic: Before and After! 🌼🏃‍♀️🏋🏼

大家好，欢迎来到这节英语课，我把它命名为‘之前和之后’。

Well hello and welcome to this English lesson which I've titled before and after.

我之所以讲这节课，是因为几天前我路过一株蒲公英，当时它还是黄色的，可过了几天再看，它就变得毛茸茸、白茫茫的了。

I did this lesson for a very unique reason and that's that I walked by a dandelion couple of days ago and it looked yellow and then a couple days later it was all poofy and white like that.

所以我决定专门讲一讲‘之前和之后’这个主题。

So I thought I should do a lesson about before and after.

关于‘之前和之后’，我稍后会详细解释，但从这两张图里你就能看出来，当我们说‘之前和之后’，通常是指某物从状态不好变成了更好。

Now I'll explain more about before and after later but you can see from these two pictures that definitely when you talk about before and after it's usually when something goes from not so good a shape to much better shape.

它可以是一件东西。

It can be a thing.

也可以是一个人，后面我会再细说。

It can be a person and I will explain more later.

总之，欢迎来到这节关于‘之前和之后’的英语课。

But welcome to this English lesson about before and after.

我相信你会喜欢的。

I think you'll enjoy it.

所以请继续看下去，把整个内容看完。

So please stick around and watch the entire thing.

前与后。

Before and after.

展示某物过去和现在的样子或运作方式之间的区别。

Showing the difference between how something was earlier and how it looks or works now.

所以你们可以看到，这里我们称之为露台。

So you can see here we would call this a deck.

露台是一种户外生活空间。

A deck is kind of an outdoor living area.

如果看图片最远的那一边，就能看到改造前的样子。

And if you look at the far side of the picture you'll see the before.

而靠近我这边的，就是改造后的样子。

And if you look closer to me you'll see the after.

我把它放大一点。

Let me make this a little bit bigger.

所以这个人原来的甲板看起来不太行，他就决定重新打磨或者刷一层漆。

So basically this person's deck did not look great and they decided they were going to refinish it or put a coat of paint on it.

现在你看到的就是翻新前后的对比照片。

And so now you have a before and after photo.

‘翻新前 vs 翻新后’是个常用说法。

So before and after is a common phrase.

比如有人说‘我要给我的车喷漆’，

Like if someone says oh I'm going to paint my car.

别人可能会说：‘那你拍张前后对比照吧，好看看变化。’

Someone might say oh take a before and after photo so I can see the change.

翻新前和翻新后，就是展示某物以前的状态和现在样子或功能上的差别。

So before and after showing the difference between how something was earlier and how it looks or works now.

蒲公英。

A dandelion.

这就是我们今天要讲这个内容的原因。

So this is why we are doing this lesson.

因为我的草坪上全是黄色的蒲公英，而蒲公英是一种常见的黄色野花。

Because my lawn was filled with yellow dandelions and a dandelion is a common yellow wildflower.

我们其实管它叫杂草，等它长大后会变成一团白色的绒球，风一吹就散开了。

We actually call it a weed that later turns into a white puffball of seeds that blow away in the wind.

这虽然不是传统意义上的前后对比图，但正是它启发了这堂课，所以我打算给你看看。

So this isn't a traditional before and after photo but this is what inspired the lesson so I thought I would show you.

如果你住的地方也有蒲公英，你就知道，有一段时间它们全都是黄色的。

If you have dandelions where you live you'll know that for a little while they're all yellow.

全都是一朵朵小黄花。

They're all little yellow flowers.

然后突然之间，好像就一天之内，它们全变成了白白的绒球。

And then all of a sudden within a day it seems they all turn into these nice white poofballs.

小时候我们就会去吹它们。

And then as a kid we would we would blow them.

然后那些小种子就四处飘散。

And then all the little seeds would fly off.

不过这并不是真正的前后对比，只是这个课程的灵感来源。

Anyways not a true before and after subject but the inspiration for this lesson.

蒲公英。

A dandelion.

减重。

Losing weight.

通过更健康的饮食、锻炼或生活方式调整来减轻体重。

Reducing body weight through healthier eating exercise or lifestyle changes.

所以我不会多说你的体重，也不打算评论这个。

So I'm not sure and I do not want to comment on your weight.

但我可以聊聊我的体重。

I will comment on my weight.

我目前正在努力减掉一点体重。

I am in the process of trying to lose a little bit of weight.

冬天的时候，我太放松了。

Over the winter I relaxed too much.

其实我之前花了很多时间恢复各种健康问题。

Well I was actually spending a lot of time recovering from various health things.

所以我现在比自己希望的体重重了一点。

And so I'm a little heavier than I like to be.

到了夏天，我自然会瘦下来，因为我会做更多体力活。

And naturally I will lose weight over the summer because I do a lot more physical labor.

但我从来没拍过什么前后对比照。

But I've never actually taken a before and after picture.

有些超重的人会先拍一张照片，然后通过一段时间的努力减重。

But some people who are overweight will take a before picture and then they will go through a time where they are trying to lose weight where they are losing weight.

他们通过更健康的饮食、锻炼或生活方式调整来减轻体重。

So they are reducing body weight through healthier eating exercise or lifestyle changes.

然后再拍一张对比的照片。

And then they will take an after picture.

这样就能明显看出体型的变化了。

And then you will see the difference in their body size.

所以很多人在减重期间都会拍前后对比照。

So losing weight is a common time for people to take a before and after photo.

就是让自己变得更健壮。

Getting in shape.

你现在可能觉得这跟减重差不多，确实有时候是这样。

Now you might think this is similar to losing weight and it can be.

所谓变健康，是指通过锻炼和良好习惯提升体能、力量和整体健康状况。

Getting in shape means improving your fitness strength and overall health through exercise and healthy habits.

大概的区别就在于此。

Probably the difference is this.

如果你在减重，可能会锻炼，但不锻炼也能减重。

If you're losing weight you might be exercising but you don't have to exercise to lose weight.

如果你在变健康，饮食可能会更健康，但你一定会锻炼。

When you are getting in shape you might be eating healthier but you're definitely exercising.

而且通常在这两种情况下——减重和变健康。

And usually in both situations losing weight and getting in shape.

你两样都在做。

You're doing both.

你也在努力吃得更健康。

You're trying to eat healthier.

而且你还在坚持锻炼。

And you're also exercising.

你可以看到这位男士的前后对比照片。

So here you can see this gentleman's before and after photo.

对比之后，他瘦了很多，肌肉也明显增多了。

He is a lot slimmer and a lot more he has a lot more muscle in the after photo.

所以，塑形就是通过锻炼和健康习惯来提升体能、力量和整体健康。

So getting in shape improving your fitness strength and overall health through exercise and healthy habits.

修复汽车。

Restoring a car.

把一辆老旧或损坏的车修好，恢复到非常好的状态。我舅舅就做过这种事，我知道。

Repairing an old or damaged vehicle and bringing it back to excellent So this is something that I don't know I know my uncle has done this.

我叔叔曾经修复过一辆车。

My uncle has restored a car.

不过我现在不认识谁正在修车。

I don't know someone currently though who is restoring a vehicle.

所以当你修复一辆车时，一开始它会是这个样子。

So again when you restore a vehicle you find it in this condition.

照片上面部分可能又脏又生锈。

The top part of the photo where it might be dirty and rusty.

甚至可能根本发动不了。

It might not even run.

你要是试着打火，发动机完全不转。

Like if you try to start the car the engine won't start.

但修好之后，它最后就会变成这样。

And then when you restore it eventually it looks like this.

你会把它彻底清理干净。

You will clean it.

你很可能把所有锈迹都处理掉。

You will most likely fix all the rust.

你肯定会给它重新喷漆。

You will definitely paint it.

车里面，你可能会把座椅和其他部件都修一遍。

And then inside the car you might fix all of the seats and everything else.

修复一辆车，就是把一辆老旧或损坏的车彻底翻新，恢复到近乎全新的状态。

But restoring a car before after repairing an old or damaged vehicle and bringing it back to excellent condition.

给车做精洗。

Detailing a car.

你可能以前听过这个词，但它和修复汽车是两回事。

So you may have heard this word before and it's different than restoring a car.

精洗就是彻底清洁并抛光车辆的内外，让它看起来像新的一样。

So detailing is deeply cleaning and polishing a vehicle inside and out to make it look like new.

顺便说一句，英语里我们确实常用‘内外’这个词来形容。

By the way we do use that phrase in English inside and out.

我把车里里外外都擦了一遍，因为‘里里外外’就是指外面和里面都清洁。

I cleaned my car inside and out because that means you are cleaning the outside and the inside.

但你看这张之前的照片，车子还挺脏的，也没什么光泽。

But you can see here in the before the car is kind of dirty and not very shiny.

不过看看这张之后的照片，我把画面放大一点，就能看到车子变得特别亮。

But in the after picture let's make it bigger yet you can see that the car is very very shiny.

所以给车做精洗，就是请人把车里里外外彻底清洁并抛光，让它看起来跟新车一样。

So detailing a car if you get your car detailed it means that someone is deeply cleaning and polishing a vehicle inside and out to make it look like new.

我从不给我自己的车做这种精洗。

I don't do this with my vehicles.

我的车下雨天洗一洗就完了，偶尔也会清理一下车内，但从不花钱请人做精洗。

My vehicles just get washed when it rains and I do clean out the inside of the vehicle every once in a while but I don't ever pay someone to detail my car.

照片修图。

Photo touch up.

如果照片有瑕疵，或者光线不好，有人就会把照片导入电脑，用Photoshop修一修。

So this is something where if if you have imperfections or if the photo isn't taken in good lighting someone might put it on a computer and use Photoshop to do some photo touch ups.

有时候我们管这叫修图。

Sometimes we call this photoshopping.

不过一般来说，如果摄影师在做这种处理，我们会说他们在修片。

But I think the general term if a photographer is doing this is that they will touch up the photos.

这其实就是修片。

They are photo touch ups.

通过调整颜色、光线或者修复瑕疵，对照片做些细微的优化。

So making small improvements to a photo by adjusting colour lighting or imperfections.

你看这边这张照片，光线显得很生硬，而离我近的这张，光线就柔和多了。

So if you look at this photo on the far side you can see the lighting isn't is kind of harsh In the picture closer to me the lighting is a little more soft.

我觉得他们还给他的皮肤加了某种滤镜，让皮肤看起来更平滑。

I think they've also used some sort of filter on his skin to make it look smoother.

还有他的头发，好像也稍微改了一下。

And I think his hair they change his hair a little bit.

这个还真不好说。

It's hard to say.

主要是让皮肤更平滑，调整色彩，去掉灰尘。

But basically skin smoothing color correction remove dust.

他们把照片修得更好看了。

They've made the picture look better.

他们花了不少时间对这张照片进行修饰。

They have taken some time to touch up the photo.

照片修复则是修复和改善老旧或受损的照片，让它们重新变得清晰完整。

Photo restoration though is repairing and improving old or damaged photographs so they look clear and complete again.

但我们没做这种处理。

So we we didn't have this done.

我有个朋友会弄这个。

I had a friend who knew how to do it.

我们整理了很多老照片，把它们都数字化了。

We took a lot of old photos and we digitized them.

我们其实是用手机拍的。

We actually took pictures with our phones.

我们拍了这些照片的照片。

We took pictures of the pictures.

然后他们处理了，但没给它们上色。

And then they were able to they didn't colorize them.

这张是上过色的。

This one is colorized.

这儿还有一个词要告诉你。

There's another word for you.

原图是黑白的，修复后的版本是彩色的。

So the original is black and white and the restored version is colorized.

他们去除了照片因年代久远出现的瑕疵，还做了一些修复调整。

But they were able to remove imperfections that were on the photo because of age and do some correction on that.

这效果真的很不错。

So that was very nice.

照片修复就是修复和改善老旧或受损的照片，让它们重新变得清晰完整。

So photo respirate photo restoration repairing and improving old or damaged photographs so they look clear and complete again.

这张修得真不错。

They did a good job on this one.

挺厉害的。

That's pretty cool.

翻新。

A renovation.

所以这个词的简称是‘翻新’。

So the short form for this is reno.

今年夏天我打算给我家做些翻新，或者他现在正在翻新。

I'm going to do some renos on my house this summer or he's doing a reno right now.

翻新就是通过改进或更新房间、建筑或空间，让它变得更新或更实用的过程。

And a renovation is the process of improving or updating a room building or space to make it newer or work better.

顺便说一下，其实我对原来的厨房已经挺满意了。

So you can see here by the way I would have been really happy with the before kitchen.

我觉得我可能也没啥要改的。

I don't know if I would have changed much.

但翻新后的效果确实更现代了。

But the after definitely looks more modern.

很多人做装修时，都会拍一张翻新前的照片。

So often when people do a renovation they will take a before picture.

他们会先拍一张装修前的照片，再拍一张装修后的照片，这样就能看出明显的差别。

They will take a picture before they do the renovation and then they will take a picture after and then you will see the difference.

装修就是通过改进或更新房间、建筑或空间，让它变得更新、更实用的过程。

So a renovation the process of improving or updating a room building or space to make it newer or work better.

我和珍很少搞装修，但这个效果确实不错，对吧？

So Jen and I don't do a lot of renovations but that does look nice doesn't it?

连地板都换了新的。

New floor even.

不过我不太喜欢这些灰色的橱柜。

I'm not sure I like the grey cabinets though.

你可能在想，装修和翻新到底有什么区别？

Now you might be wondering what is the difference between a renovation and a remodel.

严格来说是有区别的，但咱们平时说话都混着用。

Technically there is a difference but we use the words interchangeably.

所以什么叫翻新呢？

So a remodel.

就是改变房间或建筑的设计或布局，让它看起来不一样，或者用途更合适。

Changing the design or layout of a room or building to create a different look or use.

有人可能会这么说：

So someone might say this.

今年夏天我们要搞个翻新。

We're doing a renovation this summer.

哦，你们打算做什么？

Oh what are you doing?

我们打算把厨房和卫生间都重新装修一下。

Well we're going to remodel our kitchen and remodel our bathroom.

从这个角度讲，其实俩词儿意思差不多。

So in that sense they are the same thing.

我觉得‘翻新’更具体地说，是指你把整个空间的外观都改了，可能连一些功能也一并调整了。

I think a remodel more specifically refers to when you change how everything looks and you change maybe how some of it works.

不过我平时说话时这两个词是混着用的。

But I use the words interchangeably.

明白吗？

Okay?

所谓‘整修’，就是你对家里做点改动，让它看起来更漂亮。

So a renovation you're changing something in your house so it looks better.

‘翻新’呢，也是让你家看起来更漂亮。

A remodel you're changing something in your house so it looks better.

不过我倒该再仔细看看这段话。

I should read this again though.

‘翻新’指的是改变房间或建筑的设计或布局，从而带来不同的外观或用途。

A remodel changing the design or layout of a room or building to create a different look or use.

打扫房子。

Cleaning your house.

有些人打扫房子的时候，会拍一张打扫前和打扫后的照片。

So sometimes people will take a before and after photo when they're cleaning their house.

打扫就是清除污垢、杂物和凌乱，让家里变得整洁有序。

Cleaning of course is removing dirt mess and clutter to make your home neat and organized.

我身后那个房间也得好好收拾一下。

I need to do that in the room behind me.

你看不到全部的乱糟糟，因为所有东西都堆在镜头这边。

You can't see all of the mess because all of the mess is on this side of the camera.

不过等学年结束了，我总归要来整理这个房间的。

But I will at some point get to cleaning up this room maybe once the school year has ended.

整理杂物。

Decluttering.

这跟打扫有点像，但主要是扔掉那些没用的东西，让空间更清爽、更有条理。

This is similar to cleaning but mostly it has to do with getting rid of unnecessary items to create a cleaner and more organized space.

打扫就是把东西都放回该放的地方。

So cleaning is simply putting everything back where it's supposed to be.

也许用抹布和清洁剂擦一擦东西。

Maybe wiping things with a cloth and some cleaner.

也许拖一下地板。

Maybe mopping the floor.

而整理杂物则包含两个步骤。

Whereas decluttering has two things that are happening.

你在清理掉一些东西。

You are getting rid of things.

比如你想想，这东西我反正用不着了。

Like you're thinking okay I don't need this anymore.

然后就把它们处理掉。

And you get rid of it.

以后再也不留着了。

You no longer have it.

同时你还要把剩下的东西整理好。

And then you're also organizing.

整理就是把不需要的东西清理掉，让空间变得更干净、更有条理。

So decluttering getting rid of unnecessary items to create a cleaner and more organized space.

这个衣橱整理得真不错。

They did a nice job on this closet.

我们的衣橱现在更像之前的乱样，真希望也能像人家那样整齐。

Our closets look a lot more like the before and I wish they looked a lot more like the after.

我觉得他们还买了些衣橱收纳用品。

I think they bought some closet organizers too.

底下放着漂亮的篮子，门上好像还加了挂钩和搁板。

Like there's nice baskets at the bottom and then it looks like on the door they put some shelves right on the door.

这主意挺不错的。

That's kinda cool.

我们家的衣橱也该这么改一改。

I should do that in one of our closets.

翻新处理。

Refinishing.

通过修复家具、地板或物品的表面，让它们焕然一新。

Restoring the surface of furniture floors or objects to make them look new again.

如果你家有硬木地板，就可以重新打磨上漆。

So if you have a hardwood floor you might refinish your hardwood floor.

先用砂纸打磨，再涂上木漆或者别的地板专用涂层。

You might sand it with sandpaper and then put stain and lacquer or whatever people put on floors.

要是你碰到这种老式五斗柜，木头其实特别好，就是外观旧了。

If you find an old dresser like this one maybe you find an old dresser and it's made of really really good wood but it doesn't look great.

这时候，重新翻新一下就挺值得的。

You might decide that refinishing it is a good idea.

先打磨，说不定再刷层漆。

So you're going to sand it and maybe paint it.

这里看起来，是同一个五斗柜吗？

In this case it looks like they is that the same dresser?

对，就是同一个。

It is the same dresser.

是的

Yeah.

他们加了底座，换了所有把手，还刷成了白色。

It looks like they put feet on the bottom and they replaced all the handles and they painted it white.

挺漂亮的。

That's pretty nice.

这柜子真不错。

That's a nice dresser.

我更喜欢翻新后的样子，比原来好多了。

I like the the I like the after a lot more than the before.

但这是翻新。

But refinishing.

修复家具、地板或物品的表面，让它们看起来像新的一样。

Restoring the surface of furniture floors or objects to make them look new again.

焕然一新。

A makeover.

所以这是一种在外表、风格或状态上的巨大提升。

So a dramatic improvement in appearance style or condition.

当你做了一次整体改造，你身上就会有一些变化。

So when you get a makeover you will have things about you that are changed.

你的发型可能会变得不一样。

You might have your hair done differently.

那我们来看看这里到底发生了什么变化。

In this case let's look at what has all happened here.

她这次可是彻底焕然一新了。

So she has gotten a makeover.

很明显，她的发型不一样了。

Obviously her hair looks different.

她大概是剪了头发，现在看起来更有精神了。

So she probably had her hair trimmed and her hair looks a little more alive now.

我觉得她还化了比以前多一点的妆。

She's also I think wearing a bit more makeup.

但你有没有注意到一件事？

But have you noticed something?

每次看到别人做造型、减肥或健身前后的对比图时。

Whenever you see pictures before and after pictures when someone gets a makeover or when they've lost weight or when they're in shape.

照片里的他们，之前通常都不笑，之后却都在笑。

They're usually not smiling in the before and then they are smiling in the after.

人只要一微笑，看起来就明显精神多了。

And people always just look better if they're smiling.

所以我觉得有时候这有点小套路，但我觉得她确实化了比以前多一点的妆。

So I think it's a little bit of a trick sometimes but I think what she's done is she's she has a little bit more makeup on.

她还笑了。

She's smiling.

她的头发也重新打理过了。

She has had her hair done.

她其实做了一点小小的造型改变。

She had a little bit of a makeover.

所以现在她看起来好多了。

So now she looks better.

这就是一次形象改造。

So a makeover.

外貌、风格或状态上的显著提升。

A dramatic improvement in appearance style or condition.

你的视力。

Your vision.

你能看清楚东西的能力。

Your ability to see clearly.

有些人看东西模糊，这种前后对比照就不太好拍。

So sometimes people can't see clearly and it's hard to take a before and after photo of this.

但如果你不戴眼镜，看远处的东西就会像这样。

But if you don't have glasses and when you look at things it looks like the far picture.

有点模糊，颜色也不够鲜艳。

It's kind of blurry and not very colourful.

戴上眼镜后，画面会变得鲜艳又清晰。

Then after you start wearing glasses it might look vibrant and it might be in focus.

你可能会说，以前没戴眼镜的时候，一切都模糊不清。

So you might describe it as before I had glasses everything was blurry.

没戴眼镜的时候，看东西特别吃力。

Before I had glasses it was hard to read things.

戴上眼镜后，我终于能看得清了。

After I got glasses I can now see clearly.

所有东西都清晰了，感觉特别特别好。

Everything is in focus and it's really really nice.

我戴老花镜的经历就是这样，慢慢发现，原来我能看清麦克风上写的‘ma ono’了。

This is what happened to me with reading glasses like I slowly but surely realized that oh see I can read my microphone says ma ono.

所以现在，我确实看不清那个了。

So yeah I can't read that now.

所以为了能读书，我确实需要老花镜。

So in order to read I do need reading glasses.

在我意识到一切都很模糊之前，后来一切都变得容易多了。

So before I realized that everything was blurry and then after everything was much easier to read.

你的流利程度。

Your fluency.

你可能也有一个从不流利到流利的故事，就是你说话或使用语言时变得顺畅、自然、自信的过程。

So you might have a before and after fluency story which is your ability to speak or use a language smoothly naturally and confidently.

我这里有一些图片，也许在你开始看YouTube视频学英语之前，你的语速非常慢。

So I got some images here maybe before you started watching YouTube videos to learn English your speed was really low.

那时候你可能根本听不懂说话人说的完整内容。

Maybe you couldn't actually understand speakers at full speed.

你说话的准确率很低，自信心也不足，但经过几年看YouTube上的英语老师视频，你现在流利多了。

Your accuracy when speaking was low and your confidence was really low but after a couple years of watching English teachers on YouTube your your fluency is now really good.

现在你的语速简直棒极了。

So your speed is awesome.

你的准确率提高了，自信心也更强了。

Your accuracy is better and your confidence is higher.

不好意思，我刚才搞混了，这个旋钮下面应该写的是‘速度’，而不是‘之后’。

Sorry I got confused there because under this dial it should say speed not after.

可能是做图的时候有点出错了。

So I think it got a little confused making the image.

不过没错，你的流利度——就是你说话或使用语言时是否顺畅、自然、自信。

But yes your fluency that is your ability to speak or use a language smoothly naturally and confidently.

你对你自己的母语已经是流利的了。

You are fluent in your native language.

而你现在想让你正在学的这门语言也达到同样的水平。

And you are looking to be fluent in the language you are learning.

这可是每个人的目标。

That is everyone's goal.

整容手术。

Plastic surgery.

这是一种通过医疗手段来改变或改善人的外貌或修复身体损伤的程序。

So this is medical procedures that change or improve a person's appearance or physical damage.

所以做整容手术的时候，医生确实是动手术的。

So when you have plastic surgery a doctor actually like it is a surgery.

他们会做一些调整，让你看起来更年轻。

They will do things to make you look younger.

通常来说，这都是为了变年轻。

Usually that's the goal.

就是想看起来更年轻。

To look younger.

不过，如果你出了事故，也可能去做整容手术。

Although you might have plastic surgery after having an accident.

比如出了车祸，脸上留了疤或者有损伤，你想淡化或者去掉它。

Maybe you have an accident and you have a scar or some damage to your face that you would like to reduce or remove.

这种情况下，你可能会选择整容手术。

You might then have plastic surgery.

所以这是一种改变或改善外貌，或者修复身体损伤的医疗手段。

So medical procedures that change or improve a person's appearance or repair physical damage.

所以你看，这里她其实做了整容，英语里我们有时也说‘做了项目’。

So you can see here she has had basically in English too we sometimes say they had work done.

我猜她大概是做了颈部的整容手术。

So she probably had plastic surgery on her neck area.

这只是我的推测。

That's my guess.

如果第二张照片里她笑的话，我们会更惊叹于她的整容效果。

If she was smiling in the second photo we would be more impressed with the plastic surgery.

不过再说一遍，整容或者‘做了项目’。

But again plastic surgery or getting work done.

你可能会在美加的电视节目里听到这种说法。

So you you might hear this on a on an American or Canadian TV show.

我觉得他做了项目，或者她做了项目。

I think he had work done or she had work done.

意思就是他们做了某种形式的整容手术。

So that means that they've had plastic surgery of some type.

所以再次说明，这类医疗程序是用来改变或改善人的外貌，或是修复身体损伤的。

So once again medical procedures that change or improve a person's appearance or repair physical damage.

牙科治疗。

Dental work.

为了修复、改善或维护牙齿所做的治疗或手术。

Treatments or procedures done to repair improve or maintain your teeth.

这里我们再来看一个修复前后的对比。

So here we have another before and after.

可以看到，修复前这个人门牙有缺损，而且牙齿参差不齐。

So before you can see that this person's front teeth are chipped and they're not even.

而修复后的照片里，所有牙齿都又白又整齐。

And then in the after photo you can see that all of their teeth are very white and straight.

前面的两颗门牙也已经补好了。

And the front two have been repaired.

所以这张图展示的就是牙科治疗前后的对比。

So this is a before and after photo of dental work.

用来修复、改善或维护牙齿的治疗或手术。

Treatments or procedures done to repair improve or maintain your teeth.

重新包面料。

Reupholstery.

这个词真不好念。

So that's a very hard word to say.

我得停一下。

I had to pause.

重新包面料。

Reupholstery.

包面料就是给家具裹上布料，而重新包面料就是给旧家具换新布料。

So upholstery is putting fabric on furniture, and then reupholstery is putting fabric on old furniture.

把旧家具的布面拆了重换，或者修补一下，让它焕然一新。

Replacing or replace replacing or repairing the fabric and patting on furniture to make it look new again.

如果你找到一把旧椅子，可能会想把它改得更现代一点。

So if you found an old chair you might decide that you want to make it look a little more modern.

所以你可能会决定自己动手重新布艺一下。

And so you might decide you're gonna do some reupholstery.

重新布艺。

Reupholstery.

你听明白了吗？

Did you get that?

然后你会把所有的布料都拆下来。

And so you would take all the fabric off.

可能连海绵垫也一起取出来，再重新装一遍。

Maybe take the padding out and then you would redo it.

你看这把椅子的木架还是原来的样子，虽然他们可能给木材重新上过漆，再重新包了布。

Here you can see the wood of this chair has remained the same although they may have refinished the wood and then reupholstered the chair.

所以这两件事很可能都发生了。

So possibly both of those things are happening there.

但重新布艺就是更换或修补家具上的布料和衬垫，让它焕然一新。

But reupholstery replacing or repairing the fabric and padding on furniture to make it look new again.

我试着慢慢说这个词，不过我觉得自己发音可能还是会出错。

I'll try to say the word slow but I think I'm going to mess up the pronunciation.

所以正常语速下是 reupholstery。

So it's here's the normal speed reupholstery.

慢速版就是 reupholstery。

So the slow version would be reupholstery.

我刚才说得有点连在一起了，但实际说话就是这样的。

I'm really mushing stuff together there but that is how you would say it.

庭院维护。

Yard work.

比如割草、园艺、修剪枝叶，还有打扫房子周围的区域。

Outdoor tasks like mowing gardening trimming and cleaning around a home.

你可以看到，这个人不只是简单打扫了一下。

And you can see here this person went a step further rather than just cleaning up.

他们还做了一些升级和改善。

They actually did some improvements.

他们建了几个抬高的种植床。

So they built looks like some raised beds.

今天我老是指错方向。

I keep pointing the wrong way today.

几个抬高的种植床。

Some raised beds.

围栏没变，但他们建了几个抬高的种植床。

The fence is the same but they built some raised beds.

他们铺了一层碎石。

They put some gravel down.

他们拍了一组前后对比的照片，展示这片庭院的改造。

So they have a nice before and after photo of that yard work.

还有另一种和前后对比类似的说法，叫作‘那时和现在’。

Okay there's also another thing similar to before and after and it's called then and now.

‘那时和现在’是用来比较某物或某人过去和现在的状态。

So then and now is comparing how something or someone was in the past with how it is today.

这通常是经过多年变化之后的结果。

And this is normally after years of change.

你可能会在网上看到这样的图片，展示一座城市很多年前的街道和现在的同一街道。

So you might see pictures like this on the internet where they show a street from a city from many many years ago and the same street today.

这是一条街道的过去和现在对比。

So here's a then and now of a street.

我不确定这是哪条街，但1971年的时候路上车很多，现在全是自行车。

I'm not sure where this street is but you can see in 1971 there were a lot of cars on the street and today it's all bikes.

他们一定是决定把这里设为无车区了。

So they must have decided that this is a car free zone.

现在只允许自行车和行人通行。

So only bikes and people walking are allowed.

但你看，这就是过去和现在的对比。

But here you have it then and now.

1971年和2020年。

Nineteen seventy one twenty twenty.

有时候是 neighborhoods，有时候是名人。

And then sometimes it is a neighborhood and sometimes it is a celebrity.

这是另一个街区的过去和现在的对比照片。

So here we have a then and now picture of another neighborhood.

你可以看到，很久以前那栋房子就在这儿了。

You can see in a long time ago it is the same house.

是的，我觉得是同一栋房子。

Yeah I think it's the same house.

看这种过去和现在的照片得小心，有时候根本不是同一个地方。

You have to be careful with these then and now photos because sometimes it isn't the same.

但你看，老照片里一辆车都没有，新照片里却全是车。

But you can see in the older picture there are no cars and in the newer picture there are cars.

还有一种情况是名人的过去和现在对比照。

And then you might have a then and now picture of a celebrity.

这是马特·达蒙。

So here we have Matt Damon.

你看，照片里他年轻多了。

You can see in the far picture he is much younger.

这得是三十年前了吧。

This must be thirty years ago.

这张是最近拍的。

And then this is a more recent photo.

所以这是名人前后对比的照片。

So this is a then and now of a celebrity.

前后对比就是看看过去和现在，某物或某人有什么变化。

So then and now comparing how something or someone was in the past with how it is today or how they are today.

不管是街区还是名人，都是这样。

So a neighborhood, a celebrity.