父母在安装汽车座椅时常犯的错误

你正在收听NPR的《生活工具箱》。

You're listening to Life Kit from NPR.

嗨。

Hey.

我是玛丽尔。

It's Mariel.

我还没有当父母，但我是个TT。

I'm not a parent yet, but I am a TT.

即使从我的角度看，当那个小宝宝来到世上，那么娇小无助，连头骨都还没愈合，真是令人害怕。

And even from where I sit, when that little baby comes on the scene and they're so tiny and helpless and their little skull hasn't even fused yet, it's terrifying.

然后你

And then you

告诉我我应该

tell me I'm supposed to

把这婴儿放进车里？

put this baby in a car?

你有没有注意到人们是怎么开车的？

Have you seen how people drive?

我知道，当然了，得用儿童安全座椅。

And I know, of course, by a car seat.

对吧？

Right?

但你怎么选一个呢？

But how do you pick one?

当父母有很多决定要做，尤其是新手父母，这非常令人不知所措。

There's a lot of decision making as a parent and especially as a new parent, and it's very overwhelming.

这很重要，因为你无法选择何时会发生车祸。

And, it's important because you don't get to choose your crash.

你不知道车祸什么时候会发生。

You don't know when a crash is gonna happen.

你也不知道，车祸会从哪个方向发生。

You don't know, you know, what direction it's gonna happen.

所以你必须确保孩子在每一次乘车时都得到保护，对吧？

So you have to make sure that your child is protected for every single car ride and right?

就像我们都在尽自己最大的努力。

Like, we're all doing the best we can.

这是消费者报告的汽车安全副主管艾米丽·托马斯。

That's Emily Thomas, the associate director for auto safety at Consumer Reports.

她也是一位母亲，并且拥有儿童损伤生物力学博士学位。

She's also a mom and she has a PhD in pediatric injury biomechanics.

她说，如今孩子的乘车安全性比几十年前高多了，但交通事故仍然是美国儿童死亡的主要原因之一。

She says kids are a lot safer in cars than they used to be in decades past, but traffic crashes are still a leading cause of death for children in The U.

以及全球范围。

S.

研究显示，儿童安全座椅和增高座椅能显著降低这一风险，但要从哪里开始却很难判断，而且可供选择的产品多得数不清。

And around the world.

研究显示，儿童安全座椅和增高座椅能显著降低这一风险，但要从哪里开始却很难判断，而且可供选择的产品多得数不清。

The research shows that car seats and booster seats significantly lower that risk, but it can be hard to know where to start and there are endless options to choose from.

你需要考虑很多因素，但作为父母，你可以放心的是，第一，所有在美国销售的儿童汽车座椅都必须符合联邦最低安全标准。

There are a lot of things you have to take into consideration but ultimately, as a parent, you can rest assured that one, every car seat that's sold in The United States has to meet a federal minimum safety standard.

这意味着你购买的任何新儿童汽车座椅都经过了严格的碰撞测试。

Meaning that any new car seat you buy has been rigorously crash tested.

它们都有明确的高度和重量限制，以及帮助你安全安装的标识。

It's got clear height and weight limits, plus labeling to help you install it safely.

所以它们都被认为是安全的。

So they're all considered safe.

第二，最安全的汽车座椅是那个能每次都完美适配你的车和孩子的座椅。

And two, the safest car seat is gonna be the one that fits your car and fits your child every single time.

在本期《生活指南》节目中，我们将教你如何选择汽车座椅并安全使用。

On this episode of Life Kit, how to pick a car seat and use it safely.

记者安迪·泰格尔将与艾米丽讨论哪些功能最重要，哪些只是表面功夫，以及父母在安装座椅时最常见的错误。

Reporter Andy Tegel will talk to Emily about what features matter most, what's just window dressing, and the most common mistakes parents make when they're installing those seats.

你能为我们详细介绍一下目前市面上不同阶段、不同类型儿童汽车座椅的区别吗？

Would you mind just breaking down for us the different stages, the different types of car seats available that people are gonna be looking at?

当然。

Sure.

大多数人一开始会使用婴儿汽车座椅。

So most people start off with an infant car seat.

大多数孩子大约在六到九个月大时，就会因为身高或体重而超出婴儿座椅的限制。

Most children are gonna outgrow their infant car seat probably around six to nine months old, either by height or weight.

通常首先是身高超标。

Oftentimes, it's by height first.

所以当孩子超出婴儿座椅的使用范围时，您应该将他们转移到可转换式或一体式座椅，并保持后向安装。

So when your child outgrows their infant seat, you're gonna wanna move them into a convertible or an all in one and use it in the rear facing orientation.

可转换式指的是可以从后向改为前向的汽车座椅。

Convertible refers to a car seat that converts from rear to forward facing.

一体式是指一个座椅能完成所有功能。

All in one, one seat that can do it all.

从婴儿座椅到后向，再到前向，最后到增高座椅。

Infant to rear facing to forward facing to booster.

无论你选择哪一种，都要计划让您的孩子保持反向安装直到至少两岁。

No matter which you go for, plan to keep your child rear facing until they're at least two years old.

如果可能的话，尽量延长这个时间。

And if it's possible, hold out for longer.

也就是说

As in

您应该尽可能长时间地让孩子保持反向安装，直到达到制造商规定的反向安装模式的最大身高或体重限制。

You're gonna wanna keep your child rear facing as long as you can up to the manufacturer height or weight limit for the rear facing mode.

这主要是因为孩子的身体仍在发育，尤其是骨骼。

And really that's because their bodies are still maturing, especially their skeletons.

所以你希望他们的骨骼更坚固。

And so you want their bones to be stronger.

你希望他们的颈部和脊柱能够支撑住头部。

You want their neck and spine to be able to support their head.

最常见的碰撞类型是正面撞击。

The most common type of crash is a frontal impact.

当孩子面向后方时，碰撞产生的力量会分散到汽车座椅外壳的背部，从而减少传递到孩子身上的冲击力。

And so when they're rear facing, those crash forces are going to get spread out across the back of that car seat shell, and it's going to distribute less forces to your child.

这能有效保护头部和脊柱。

It's going to really protect the head and spine.

但如果过早地让孩子面向前方，碰撞力量会通过安全带施加在孩子的身体上，而他们的头部仍在发育中。

Now if they're forward facing too early, those crash forces are going to be applied across the harness onto your child's body, and their heads, they're still getting stronger.

他们的身体还在成长，因此这会给头部和颈部结构带来更大的压力。

Their bodies are still growing, and so you're putting more strain on that head neck complex.

因此，头部和颈部受伤的风险会更高。

And so there's a greater, likelihood for for head and neck injury.

当孩子达到后向汽车座椅的最大身高或体重限制时，就该换用带有安全带和固定带的前向汽车座椅了。

When they've reached the max height or weight limit of their rear facing car seat, it's time for a front facing seat with a harness and tether.

然后再次等待，直到他们达到该座椅的最大容量，再升级到增高座椅。

Then wait again until they reach max capacity there before leveling up again to a booster.

一旦他们不再适合这种座椅，你仍然应该让他们坐在后排，直到至少13岁。

Once they grow out of that one, you're still gonna wanna keep them in the back seat until they're at least 13 years old.

所以第一点，听起来似乎很简单，但一定要为孩子选择合适的座椅。

So takeaway one, it sounds deceptively simple, but make sure you've got the right chair for your child.

对于婴儿来说，这很明确，但随着孩子长大，你可能会很快遇到一些模糊地带。

For infants, it's pretty straightforward, but as they get older, you can quickly hit some gray areas.

专家建议：请耐心等待。

The expert advice, take your time.

例如，也许你六岁的儿子正好处于向前式座椅和增高座椅之间，一直恳求像他哥哥那样坐‘大孩子’座椅。

For example, maybe your six year old son is right in between his forward facing chair and the booster and has been begging for a big boy seat like his older brother.

再坚持一下。

Hold out.

根据美国儿科学会的说法，每次孩子升级到下一个阶段，他们的安全性都会有所降低。

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, every time your child moves up a stage, they're a little less protected.

人们很容易想尽快完成座椅的各个阶段，但我们强烈建议不要这样做，因为你要确保孩子在每一次乘车时都得到充分保护。

It's tempting to want to rush through the car seat stages, but we strongly advise you to not because you wanna make sure that your child is properly protected for every single car ride.

艾米丽，汽车座椅的价格范围很广，这确实可能让人感到很不安，我觉得。

Emily, there's a huge range of price points for car seats, and it can be really unnerving, I think.

我记得我当时在想，我不花700美元买这个婴儿汽车座椅，是不是个糟糕的妈妈？

I remember being like, am I a bad mother for not paying $700 for this infant car seat?

为什么价格差异这么大？

Why do costs vary so much?

很多时候，价格差异取决于他们使用的面料或其他材料。

So a lot of times the costs can be dependent on, you know, perhaps the types of fabrics that they're using or other materials.

你不需要买昂贵的汽车座椅才能保证安全。

You don't need to have an expensive car seat to have a safe car seat.

更贵的汽车座椅可能会提供更优质的面料选择，或者更便捷的使用功能。

Now a more expensive car seat might get you perhaps some more premium fabric choices, maybe some nicer ease of use features.

但说到碰撞保护，贵的座椅并不一定意味着有更好的碰撞保护性能。

But when it comes down to crash protection, you know, just because you have a more expensive seat does not necessarily mean that you get better crash protection.

使用别人用过的汽车座椅，或者买二手的，只要没过期，可以吗？

Is it okay to use someone else's car seat or to buy one secondhand as long as it's not expired?

我们的建议是，除非你从一个你非常信任且了解其诚实可靠的人那里购买，否则不要买二手汽车座椅，因为你需要确保的不只是是否过期。

Our recommendation is that you don't purchase car seats secondhand unless you are getting it from somebody that you really trust that you also know as being truthful about the history of the seat because you wanna make sure it's not just about expiration.

你需要检查该座椅是否有未解决的召回通知，或确认召回问题是否已处理。

You need to check recalls on the seat to make sure there's no open recalls or they've been addressed.

你还得确保这个儿童安全座椅没有经历过碰撞。

You also wanna make sure that the car seat hasn't been in a crash.

所以，如果你只是在跳蚤市场随手买一个，或者从路边捡一个，或者在折扣店买一个，你知道的……

And so, know, just picking up a seat in a tag sale or, you that someone's just put out to the curb or, you know, a discount store or something like that.

你是无法得知这些信息的。

You're not gonna know those things.

因此，除非你能真正核实座椅的完整使用历史，否则我们不建议这样做。

And so really, we don't recommend doing that unless, of course, you can really verify the the history of the seat.

第二个要点是，你不必花大价钱就能为孩子找到一个安全的儿童安全座椅。

Takeaway two, you don't have to break the bank to find a safe car seat for your child.

高端选项往往只是表面功夫。

Luxury options are often just that.

它们提供了一些能让带孩子出行变得更轻松的功能，这并非无足轻重。

They offer features that can make travel for a kid or a parent that much easier, And that's not insubstantial.

比如可旋转底座，这样你就不用在狭小的后座里扭曲身体上下车了。

Things like a swivel bottom, for example, so you don't have to contort yourself in and out of that tiny back seat.

或者更柔软的衬垫、磁性安全带扣固定器。

Or more plush padding, magnetic buckle holders.

只有你自己才能决定这些功能是否物有所值。

Only you can decide if those things are worth the cost.

一个很好的比较工具是《消费者报告》的儿童安全座椅评级。

One great tool for comparing and contrasting is Consumer Reports car seat ratings.

它们免费在线提供，基于其独立实验室的测试，包括碰撞测试。

They're free online and based on their own independent lab testing, including crash testing.

你可以按易用性或与车辆的适配性进行筛选，并阅读由艾米莉等专家详细分析的各类安全座椅的优缺点。

You can filter by things like ease of use or fit to vehicle and read the pros and cons for lots of different car seats broken down by experts like Emily.

不过总的来说，艾米莉说，许多座椅都配备了额外的安全功能，比如阻燃面料或增强的侧面碰撞保护技术，不只是那些高端型号。

Just generally speaking, though, Emily says a lot of seats come with additional safety features like flame retardant fabrics or enhanced side impact technology, not just the fancy ones.

在我们的测试中，我认为对碰撞保护最有帮助的是所谓的‘承重腿’。

The one that I will say probably has the most, benefit for crash protection that we've seen in our testing is what's called a load leg.

所以，这本质上是一条从婴儿汽车座椅底座前缘延伸至车辆地板的支撑腿。

So essentially this is a support leg that extends off of the front edge of the infant car seat base to the vehicle floor.

这项功能的作用是，在发生碰撞时，减少汽车座椅的前倾和移动。

And what this feature does is that in the event of a crash, it reduces the forward rotation and motion of the car seat.

因此，汽车座椅实际上会向下压在这条腿上。

And so really the car seat is gonna bear down on that leg.

当它这样做时，这条腿会吸收大量的碰撞能量，这意味着传递给座椅中儿童的碰撞能量更少。

And as it does that, the leg is really like absorbing a lot of the crash energy, which means that there's less crash energy being transferred to the child in the car seat.

关于这一点的数据非常显著。

The data on this is pretty striking.

根据汽车座椅的类型，研究发现，负载腿可将头部受伤的风险降低25%至65%。

Depending on the type of car seat, studies have found load legs can reduce the risk of head injury from anywhere from twenty five to sixty five percent.

这是另一个功能。

Here's another one.

现在许多汽车座椅还配备了某种安全带张紧装置或安全带锁定装置。

A lot of car seats now also come with some sort of, you know, belt tensioning or a belt lock off.

这是一个功能。

This is a feature.

有时候它看起来像一个大夹子或鞋扣，能确保你的儿童安全座椅每次都能牢牢固定在安全带中。

Sometimes it'll look like a big clamp or a shoe buckle that ensures your car seat is locked into that seat belt real nice and tight every time.

当你拉紧安全带路径时，座椅在左右或前后方向的移动幅度不应超过一英寸。

Where it doesn't move more than one inch side to side or front to back when you pull out that belt path.

一英寸规则有时可能让人很头疼，但确保这一点至关重要。

The one inch rule can be really frustrating sometimes, but it's super important to get right.

想象一下，如果你的驾驶座每次转弯或驶过颠簸路面时都会移动或滑动。

Imagine if your driver's seat shifted or slid every time you took a big turn or cut a bump on the road.

你就是要避免儿童安全座椅发生类似的情况。

That's what you're trying to avoid happening to your child's car seat.

安装得越稳固，安全座椅与车辆的结合就越紧密，这样安全座椅和车辆的碰撞管理系统才能协同工作，让安全座椅和儿童共同受益于车辆的碰撞保护系统。

The more secure that installation is, the more tied the car seat is to the vehicle, which means that it's gonna work together as a system, and the car seat and the child are going to experience the benefit of the vehicle's crash management systems.

我目前使用的儿童安全座椅，这两个都没有这个功能。

The car seats that I have right now, neither one of those have that feature.

是的

Yeah.

在我购买汽车座椅之前我并不知道这一点，我真没法告诉你。

And I didn't know that before I bought the car seats, and I cannot tell you.

每次我们要把它们装上拆下时，我所经历的痛苦真的没法形容。

I cannot tell you the pain that I experience every time we have to take those things in and out.

是的

Yeah.

好的

Okay.

那设计特点呢？

What about design features?

比如，无重新穿插安全带的设计就非常有帮助。

So something like a no rethread harness is really helpful.

当孩子成长时，你需要调整汽车座椅的安全带高度，无重新穿插安全带的设计允许你在不拆卸汽车座椅的情况下轻松调整安全带，使其更好地贴合孩子身体。

As your child grows and you have to change the harness height in the car seat, so a no rethread harness basically just allows for you to make those harness adjustments so that the harness is fitting your child properly without having to uninstall your car seat.

好的。

Okay.

那汽车座椅配件呢？

What about car seat accessories?

他们卖一些垫子，用来让汽车座椅保持水平，或者那些衬垫。

They sell, like, cushions to make the car seat level, or they have those pads.

有时它们是用布料或橡胶制成的，用来保护后排座椅。

Sometimes they're made out of cloth or rubber to protect the back seat.

你绝对不应该在汽车座椅上使用第三方或后市场配件。

You don't want to ever be using third party or aftermarket accessories with your car seat.

所以，你知道，当你去商店，站在婴儿用品区或汽车座椅区时，会看到很多你可以购买的配件，比如可爱的安全带罩、挂在提手上的玩具等等。

So, you know, it's a shame that like when you go to a store and you're in the baby aisle or you're in the car seat aisle, there's like lots of different accessories that you can buy, you know, cute little harness covers or toys for the carry handle and all that kind of stuff.

然而，你添加到汽车座椅上的任何东西，都会改变汽车座椅的动态性能。

However, you know, anything that you're adding to your car seat, you're now changing the dynamic performance of the car seat.

所以你不应该这么做。

And so you don't wanna be doing that.

你不要在提手上添加任何可能在碰撞中变成抛射物的物品。

You don't wanna add anything to the carry handles that could turn into projectiles during a crash.

因此，整个行业普遍建议只使用随车座椅附带的配件，或经车座椅制造商批准的配件。

So really, the recommendation across the industry is to only use the accessories that come with your car seat or that are approved by the car seat manufacturer.

我有一个车座椅，用户手册上说，如果不够稳固，可以在底座下面垫点东西。

I have one of those car seats where the user manual says, if it's not quite secure, you can stick something underneath the base of it.

这让我非常担心。

And it really worried me.

我到现在还是担心，因为我觉得自己已经尽可能把它固定好了，但他们基本上把决定权留给家长，让家长自己判断该在孩子和车座椅下面垫什么。

It still it still worries me because I'm like, I'm making it as secure as I possibly can, but they basically leave it up to a parent's discretion to figure out the best thing to stick under your your kid and your car seat.

关于如何最好地处理这个问题，你有什么建议吗？

Any advice on how best to go about that?

是的。

Yeah.

通常，当你需要调整合适的倾斜角度时，会使用游泳圈或卷起来的毛巾。

So typically, that's you're gonna add a pool noodle or a rolled towel when you're trying to achieve the proper recline.

车辆座椅设计和儿童安全座椅设计差异很大，对吧？

There's so much variance in vehicle seat design and in car seat design, right?

因此，我们的行业和法规所要求的完美兼容性并不总是能保证的。

So having perfect compatibility with the way that our industry and regulations are is not always guaranteed.

如果制造商明确说明了这一点，并且在安全座椅的使用手册中有注明，那么这样做是可以的。

So if that's what's prescribed by your manufacturer and it will say in the car seat manual, then yes, that's fine.

如果你真的遇到困难，很多制造商都提供客户服务，他们有经过认证的儿童安全座椅技术员，可以帮你检查安装过程，提供各种技巧和建议。

If you're really struggling, many of the manufacturers, you can call their customer service, they have certified car seat technicians available that will, like, go through your installation with you, help you with any tips and tricks.

所以最好的建议就是遵循你使用手册中的说明。

So that's really the best advice is follow whatever your manual says.

如果手册中不允许使用游泳圈或卷起的毛巾，那我就不会自行添加，而且一定会联系制造商的客户服务。

You know, if the manual does not allow for a pool noodle or a roll towel, then I would not introduce it, and I would definitely contact the manufacturer's customer service.

好的。

Alright.

所以我们已经聊完了儿童安全座椅的部分。

So we've gone down the car seat aisle.

我们知道哪些功能值得考虑，哪些配件应该放弃。

We know what features might be worth considering and what accessories to leave behind.

现在是时候实际安装了。

Now it's time to actually install the thing.

我们回来后，会详细讲解安装应该是什么样子，以及不应该是什么样子。

When we come back, we'll go over what that should and should not look like.

好的。

Alright.

我们回到LifeKit，现在来谈谈儿童安全座椅的安装。

We're back with LifeKit, and it's time to talk about car seat installation.

如果你即将成为父母，此时你可能想关掉这段内容。

If you're a parent to be, maybe at this point, you're tempted to tune out.

你会想，这个过程怎么可能那么难呢。

You're thinking, surely the process can't be all that hard.

我们肯定会做得很好。

We're gonna be great at this.

不。

No.

我们不是。

We're not.

所以，儿童安全座椅的错误使用率相当高。

So, car seat misuse rates are pretty high.

目前，根据全国儿童安全座椅安装情况的数字仪表盘，产后错误使用率为72%。

Right now, the postnatal misuse rate is seventy two percent according to this digital dashboard of car seat installations across the country.

72%，是的。

Seventy two percent Yes.

有儿童安全座椅的人中，有72%的人安装错误。

Of people with car seats misinstall their car seats.

对。

Right.

而且错误可能出在安全座椅与车辆的安装方式上。

And it could be could be how it's installed to the vehicle.

也可能是他们如何在孩子身上使用安全座椅，比如如何系紧安全带。

It could be how they're using it with their child, right, how they're harnessing it.

甚至可能是他们为孩子选错了适合其年龄、身高和体重的安全座椅。

It could even be that they don't have the appropriate car seat for their child's age, height, weight.

第三个要点。

Takeaway three.

大多数人使用汽车安全座椅的方式都是错误的。

Most people are using their car seats incorrectly.

所以如果你感到困惑，别紧张，也不要以为第一次安装就一定是对的。

So don't stress if you're confused, and don't assume you got it right on the first go.

找当地的专业人士检查你的安全座椅，如果你不确定，或者已经过去一段时间了，也可以再去咨询其他人。

Get your car seat checked by a local expert, and feel free to consult another one when you feel unsure or if it's just been a while.

美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）可以根据你的邮政编码提供相关资源。

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration or NHTSA can offer you resources by ZIP code.

访问 nh.gov 查找他们。

Find them at nh.gov.

那是 nhtssa.gov。

That's nhtssa.gov.

你也可以访问 Safe Kids Worldwide，查找你所在地区是否有儿童安全座椅检查活动。

You can also look at safe kids worldwide to find where there's gonna be car seat check events in your area.

很多人认为，只要去消防站或警察局，就会有人帮你检查儿童安全座椅。

A lot of people think that if you just show up at the fire station or the police department that somebody's gonna be able to check your car seat.

这种情况可能确实存在，但你必须确认对方是经过认证的儿童安全座椅技术员，并且清楚自己在检查什么。

That could be the case, but you do wanna make sure that they're actually a certified car seat technician and they know what they're looking for.

现在我们来谈谈父母在安装儿童安全座椅时最常见的错误。

Now moving into the most common mistakes that parents make when installing a car seat.

这些错误有很多，艾米丽对此做过详细分析，你一定要去查阅她的资料获取完整说明。

There are a lot of them, and Emily has written about this extensively, so you should definitely look her up for a full breakdown.

但总的来说，我们可以把这些错误归为几类。

But, generally, we can fit them into a few buckets.

首先是说明书。

First up, the paperwork.

您的汽车安全座椅除了所有硬件外，还附带一些重要的纸质文件，所以不要不小心把它们和包装盒一起扔掉。

Your car seat comes with a few important paper items in addition to all the hardware, so don't accidentally toss them out with a box.

其中一张是您需要填写以注册汽车安全座椅的卡片。

One is the card you need to fill out to register your car seat.

请尽快填写，这样您就能直接收到关于您座椅的任何召回通知。

Take the time to do that first thing so you can be directly informed about any recalls on your chair.

另一份是

The other

保留好您的使用手册。

Hold on to your manual.

真正去阅读它。

Actually look at it.

把它和汽车安全座椅放在一起。

Keep it with your car seat.

座椅上有一个专门的储物袋可以存放它。

There is a storage pocket for it.

接下来是座椅的稳固性。

Next, seat tightness.

这指的是将儿童安全座椅安装到车上，确保其前后左右的移动幅度不超过一英寸，我们之前提到过的。

This refers to the installation of the car seat to the car so that no moving more than an inch roll that we were talking about earlier.

艾米丽经常说，安全带通常会太松。

Emily says often that seat belt will just be too loose.

使用安全带时另一个常见错误是选择了错误的带路路径。

Another common mistake with seat belts is using the wrong belt path.

这就是你将安全带穿过以将儿童座椅固定在车上的位置。

That's where you feed the seat belt through to connect the car seat to the car.

如果你使用的是可转换座椅或一体式座椅，通常有一个用于反向安装的带路路径，另一个用于正向安装。

If you're using a convertible or an all in one, there's usually one belt path for rear facing and another for forward facing.

所以要仔细查看。

So look closely.

因为带路路径的设计是为了根据你使用儿童座椅的方向，将座椅牢牢拉紧贴合车辆座椅。

Because the belt paths are designed so that depending on which orientation you're using the car seat, it's going to really pull the car seat close to the vehicle seat.

所以如果你用了错误的安全带路径，实际上就为安装增加了更多空隙。

So if you're using the wrong belt path, you're introducing more room into the installation essentially.

对于前向安装的座椅，一定要连接上顶部系绳。

For front facing seats, make sure to actually attach the tether.

很多人觉得这部分是可选的。

People often look at that part as optional.

而对于后向安装的座椅，还有一个需要注意的地方。

And for rear facing seats, there's one more hurdle.

你要确保调整好汽车座椅的倾斜角度，使其处于正确的范围内。

You wanna make sure that you're adjusting the recline of the car seat so that you're in the proper range.

这对小婴儿尤其重要，因为他们的脖子还不够强壮，无法独自支撑头部。

This is especially important for small babies, right, where their necks are not strong enough to hold up their heads alone.

如果汽车座椅过于直立，他们的头就会向前垂落，从而阻碍呼吸。

And so if the car seat is overly upright, their heads are gonna flop forward, and then they're gonna obstruct their own breathing.

如果座椅过度后仰，则可能增加受伤的风险。

If they're overly reclined, then that can increase their injury risk.

接下来，是安全带的高度。

Next up, harness height.

这条规则会根据孩子面朝的方向而改变。

The rule on this changes depending on which way your child is facing.

所以，如果他们仍然是面朝后方的，

So if they're still facing the rear,

你需要确保安全带肩带在进入汽车座椅的位置，处于或略低于孩子的肩膀。

you wanna make sure that that harness strap is at or slightly below your child's shoulder where it goes into the car seat.

如果是朝前安装，安全带应该位于或略高于孩子的肩膀。

If they're forward facing, it should be at or slightly above your child's shoulder.

你还需要确保安全带足够紧，当你用拇指和食指在孩子肩膀处捏住安全带织带时，手指间无法夹起任何织带。

You also wanna make sure that the harness is snug enough that when you go to pinch the harness webbing at your child's shoulder with like your thumb and your forefinger, you can't actually get any webbing between your finger.

一旦安全带足够紧，检查一下胸夹。

Once that harness is tight enough, take a look at the chest clip.

那是中心扣上方每条肩带上的额外连接点。

That's the extra connection point on each arm strap above the center buckle.

你需要把那个胸夹移到腋窝的高度。

You're gonna move that chest clip up to arm armpit level.

这样做是为了确保在发生碰撞时，汽车座椅的安全带能保持在孩子肩膀上，帮助他们固定在座椅内，并让他们处于汽车座椅外壳的保护之中。

And what that does is it helps to ensure that the car seat straps stay over your child's shoulder in a crash and help restrain them and keep them within the protection of the car seat shell.

那么，关于五点式安全带的下面部分呢？

And then what about, the the bottom part of their of that five part harness?

因为我总觉得经常听到关于胸夹的讨论，但我不太清楚，你知道，关于腿部部分怎么做才是最好或最差的。

Because I feel like I always hear about the chest clip, but I don't know what his you know, is their best or worst thing to do with their with their legs.

对。

Yeah.

关于胯部搭扣的位置，你的用户手册里会有说明，大多数手册会说，它应该靠近但不要放在孩子的身体下方。

So crotch buckle placement, it's gonna be in your owner's manual, and most will say, you know, it should be close but not underneath the child.

对吧？

Right?

也就是说，你不希望胯部搭扣的位置正好卡在汽车安全座椅的壳体里。

So, like, you don't wanna be where the crotch buckle goes into the car seat shell.

不应该在孩子的下方。

That should not be underneath the child.

通常情况下，这个胯部扣带会有多个位置可选。

So there's typically multiple slots that that crotch buckle can be in.

所以你要根据情况做出相应的调整。

So you'll make the adjustment appropriately for that.

最后一步，安全带的松紧度和最终检查。

Last step, harness tightness and final checks.

这是艾米莉的做法。

Here's how Emily does it.

我通常的做法是，先按压胯部扣带区域，消除臀部周围的松垮，把胸夹滑到胯部扣带的位置，然后拉紧安全带。

What I often do is I kind of just press down on the crotch buckle area to remove the slack from around their hips, slide the chest clip all the way down to, like, where the crotch buckle is, and then tighten the harness strap.

因为当你这样做时，胸夹本来就会往上移，然后你就可以做最终调整。

Because as you do that, the heart the chest clip's gonna ride up anyways, and then you can make the final adjustment.

但这样做可以先消除臀部的所有松垮，再消除躯干部分的松垮，最后再把胸夹移到正确的位置。

But doing that kind of just allows for you to get all the slack out of the hips first and then get the rest of the slack out of like the torso area, and then you can finally move the chest clip into the right position.

而且这是在不穿外套的情况下。

And this is no with no jackets.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Correct.

所以你要确保，如果你的孩子穿着额外的衣物或外套，不会让安全带系统出现松动。

So you wanna make sure that if your child is, you know, wearing any extra layers or they're wearing a coat that it doesn't introduce any slack into their harness system.

因此，我们通常建议不要在汽车安全座椅安全带下穿外套。

So we typically recommend to not wear coats underneath the car seat harness.

因为在碰撞时，你知道，那些布料和蓬松的材质都会被压缩。

So in a crash, you know, that fabric and that puffiness, whatever, is going to compress.

这样一来，孩子和安全带之间就会产生额外的空间，导致孩子有更多移动余地，无法被汽车座椅充分保护。

And so now it's gonna create extra room between your child and their harness, which means there's extra room for them to be able to move and not be like fully protected by their car seat.

我们理解父母担心孩子在车里着凉之类的问题。

And we I understand parents are concerned about like, you know, keeping their child warm in the car and stuff.

所以，对于小宝宝，我们建议在正确系好安全带后，可以在安全带上盖一条毯子。

And so, you know, for small babies, we recommend after you have them harnessed properly that you can put you know, drape a blanket over their harness.

对于大一点的孩子，我自己的孩子就是这样做的——你可以把他们的外套反过来穿在安全带外面，就像盖毯子一样。

For older kids, and I do this with my own, right, you can put their coat on backwards over their harness so it's like a blanket kind of.

这样也能帮助他们在车里保持温暖。

And so that can just kind of help with keeping them warm in the car as well.

所以，第四个要点是。

So takeaway four here.

安装儿童安全座椅的方式有很多错误的做法。

There are a lot of ways to incorrectly install your car seat.

我们这里只需要关注前面几个要点。

We only need in the top few here.

所以，请阅读说明书，随身携带，并根据需要随时查阅。

So read your manual, keep it with your car seat, and refer back to it as often as you need.

每次乘车都要确保孩子安全固定，并定期检查安装的稳固性。

Check that your child is safely secured for every ride, and be sure to check the integrity of your installation every so often.

因为还要记住的一点是，即使是由专业人士完美安装的座椅，时间久了也可能松动，而孩子的快速生长也会带来影响。

Because another thing to remember is that even a perfect professional install can loosen over time, and growth spurts can hit quick.

此外，所有汽车安全座椅都有保质期。

Also, all car seats have an expiration date.

大多数是六到七年左右。

Most are around six to seven years.

有些甚至可达十年。

Some are up to ten.

艾米莉说，这个保质期确保了座椅的所有部件仍符合当前的安全标准，这也是她建议尽可能购买新的汽车座椅并使用自己的，而不是从租车公司租赁的原因之一。

Emily says that shelf life ensures that all the components of your seat are still up to current safety standards, which is another reason, by the way, she suggests buying a new car seat and using your own whenever possible, rather than, say, renting one from a rental car company.

因为你根本无法确定陌生人的汽车座椅是否经历过碰撞。

Because you just can't know for sure about the crash history of a stranger's car seat.

好的。

Okay.

说到车祸，发生碰撞后你是否必须更换汽车座椅？

Speaking of car crashes, do you always need to replace your car seat when you get into a crash?

每个汽车座椅制造商都有略微不同的指南。

Every car seat manufacturer has slightly different guidelines.

你应始终查看制造商的具体说明。

You should always check what your manufacturer specifies.

许多制造商建议，只要座椅经历过任何类型的碰撞，就应该更换，因为你无法总是看到座椅所受到的损伤。

There's many that say that if it's been in any type of crash that you should replace the car seats because you can't always see the damage that's been done to the seat.

其他制造商则遵循美国国家公路交通安全管理局对车辆发生中度至严重碰撞时的建议。

Other manufacturers follow the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's recommendation for if a vehicle has been in a moderate to severe crash.

但要明确的是，答案并不是绝对的：每次碰撞都必须更换所有汽车座椅——这对我来说是个新信息，而且能帮你省下一大笔钱。

But to be clear, the answer isn't a hard and fast, yes, you must replace every car seat for every crash, which was news to me and could save you a nice chunk of change.

再给你一个有用的提示。

One more helpful tip for you.

人们在选择汽车座椅前，应该考虑哪些关于自己车辆的因素？

What should people consider about their cars before choosing a car seat?

某些座椅是否与某些车型更兼容或更不兼容？

Are there certain seats that are more or less compatible with certain cars?

这很具有挑战性，因为选项太多，而且车辆座椅的几何结构差异很大。

So it's challenging because there's so many options and vehicle seat geometries can vary so widely.

对。

Right.

但总的来说，我建议有孩子的家长在购车时，把儿童安全座椅带到经销商那里。

But ultimately, what I tell people is if you have kids and you're shopping for a car, take your car seats to the dealership.

无论你考虑买哪款车，都带着你的儿童安全座椅一起去。

Whatever car you are considering buying, take your car seats with you.

在试驾时，试着安装好你的儿童安全座椅。

And when you go for your test drive, install your car seats.

确保你能用车辆的安全带或LATCH系统将座椅牢固安装，特别是如果孩子是反向安装的，要确认反向座椅能合适地放进后排空间，同时你作为驾驶员或前排乘客，还能舒适地坐在前面。

Make sure that you can actually get them securely installed with the vehicle belt, with the lower anchors, especially if your kids are rear facing, make sure you can get that rear facing CarZ to fit in that rear cabin space and you are still able to comfortably sit in front of them, whether as the driver or the front passenger.

对吧？

Right?

在做出购车决定之前，这些因素你都需要了解清楚。

Those are all important things that you need to know before making that vehicle decision.

这与我们上一个要点是一致的。

And that's in keeping with our last takeaway.

第五点，始终将安全置于便利或他人看法之上。

Number five, always choose safety over convenience or what other people think you should be doing.

无论你身处何地，或与谁同行，都要坚持同样的标准。

Set the same standard no matter where you are or who you're driving with.

对于孩子而言，保持安全信息的一致性也非常重要。

Just having that consistency in the safety messaging for your child is also really key.

对吧？

Right?

所以，比如即使只是短途开车去奶奶家之类的，规则也是一样的。

So, like, you know, even if they're just doing a short car ride down the road, right, to to grandma's house or whatever, like, it's still the same rules.

每个人都系好安全带。

Everybody buckles up.

每个人都必须正确系好安全装置。

Everybody is, you know, properly restrained.

最后的建议、忠告和安慰，送给所有在儿童安全座椅旅程中疲惫不堪的父母们。

Final thoughts, words of advice, words of comfort, for all the very tired parents out there on their car seat journeys.

归根结底，父母们要处理的事情太多了。

Ultimately, parents have a lot going on.

这是一件非常重要事情。

This is something that, like, is super important.

所以，请花点时间。

So take the time.

好好了解相关信息。

Educate yourself.

我知道这很不方便。

I know it's inconvenient.

我知道这很难。

I know it's hard.

你已经做得很好了。

You're doing great.

你之前不知道的，那没关系。

And what you didn't know before, that's okay.

艾米丽，谢谢你这么说。

Emily, thank you for that.

我今天正需要这些话。

I needed that today.

艾米丽·A。

Emily A.

托马斯，非常高兴认识你。

Thomas, such a pleasure.

非常感谢你抽出时间。

Thank you so much for your time.

谢谢你能来。

Thanks for having me.

好的。

Alright.

让我们倒着回顾一下我们学到的内容。

Let's throw it in reverse and go back through what we learned.

第一点，确保为孩子选择合适的座椅。

Takeaway one, make sure you have the appropriate chair for your child.

每个阶段的升级都意味着安全性略有降低。

Every stage up means a little less protection.

所以如果您的孩子处于两个阶段之间，请选择较低的那个阶段。

So if your kid is in between stages, opt for the lower one.

第二点，你不必花大价钱就能为孩子找到安全的汽车座椅。

Takeaway two, you don't have to break the bank to find a safe car seat for your child.

如果你在寻找能区分不同汽车座椅的特殊功能，以下是艾米莉的推荐。

If you're looking for special features to separate one car seat from another, here are Emily's picks.

负载腿、无需重新穿插的安全带，以及带有安全带锁定或张紧装置的座椅。

A load leg, a no rethread harness, and seats with a belt lock or belt tensioning.

顺便说一下，我同意最后这个推荐，比如英菲尼迪的。

I second that last recommendation by, like, Infiniti, by the way.

第三点，大多数人使用儿童安全座椅的方式都是错误的。

Takeaway three, most people are using their car seats incorrectly.

所以，请为自己和家人着想。

So please do yourself and your family a favor.

先系好安全带，然后去找专家检查一下座椅。

Put on your seat belt and then go and get that chair checked by an expert.

第四点，了解常见的座椅安装错误，尽可能确保孩子的安全。

Takeaway four, know the common seat installation mistakes and keep your kid as safe as possible.

阅读说明书，随身携带说明书，每次乘车前检查孩子的适配情况，并在出发前花时间进行调整。

Read your manual, keep it with your car seat, check your kid's fit every time, and take the time to make adjustments before you get moving.

最后，第五点：选择安全而非便利。

And finally, takeaway five, choose safety over convenience.

这意味着无论你身处何地、孩子由谁搭载，或行程多短，都要坚持安全标准。

That means maintaining a safety standard that applies no matter where you are, who your kid is driving with, or how short the ride.

从长远来看，这样做会让所有人都更安全。

We'll all be safer for that in the long run.

这是记者安迪·泰格尔的报道。

That was reporter Andy Tegel.

顺便说一下，我知道你在听关于儿童安全座椅的节目，但你知道《生活工具箱》还涵盖更多内容吗？

The way, I know you're listening to an episode about car seat safety, but did you know Life Kit covers so much more?

理财、心理健康、烹饪、职业发展，你想得到的都有。

Money, mental health, cooking, your career, you name it.

如何才能不错过任何一期节目呢？

The best way to never miss an episode?

现在就点击关注按钮吧。

Tap the follow button now.

本集《生活工具箱》由克莱尔·玛丽·施耐德制作。

This episode of Life Kit was produced by Claire Marie Schneider.

我们的数字编辑是马利卡·加里布，梅根·凯恩是我们的高级主管编辑。

Our digital editor is Malika Garib, and Megan Cain is our senior supervising editor.

贝丝·多诺万是我们的执行制片人。

Beth Donovan is our executive producer.

我们的制作团队还包括玛格丽特·索里诺、西尔维·道格拉斯和米卡·埃利森。

Our production team also includes Margaret Sorino, Sylvie Douglas, and Mika Ellison.

技术支持由达米安·赫林提供。

Engineering support comes from Damien Hering.

事实核查由泰勒·琼斯负责。

Fact checking by Tyler Jones.

我是玛丽埃尔·塞加拉。

I'm Mariel Segarra.

感谢收听。

Thanks for listening.