SpaceX第11次星舰发射与埃隆的太空愿景

就在昨天，SpaceX发射了完全堆叠的星舰，高度接近500英尺。这是有史以来进入太空的最大物体。两个部分升空，两个部分都返回，然后都爆炸了。灾难性的爆炸。而且爆炸规模巨大。

So just yesterday, SpaceX launched their fully stacked Starship, which measures almost 500 feet tall. It's the largest object that's ever gone to space. And two parts went up, both parts came down, and they both exploded. Catastrophic explosion. And the explosion was gigantic.

所有升空的东西都返回了，所有东西都爆炸了，但这次任务的关键在于，这实际上正是预期的结果。这是一次巨大的成功。这些测试飞行，当SpaceX发射它们时，并不期望它们能着陆。事实上，大多数时候它们都不会着陆，而这是第一次真正降落在正确的位置。所以EJIZ，你在这个视频中看到的是助推器，它在地面上方悬停了一会儿，然后坠入海洋并爆炸。

Everything that went up came down, everything blew up, but the point of this mission is that that's actually exactly how it was supposed to go. It was a wild success. These test flights, when SpaceX sends these up, they're not expected to land. In fact, most times they don't, and this is the first time where it actually landed in the right place. So EJIZ, what you're seeing in this video here is the booster that is kind of hovering above ground before falling into the ocean and exploding.

所以这太棒了。EJazz，我知道你昨晚也观看了发射。你的第一印象是什么？你看到这个时有什么想法？

So this was amazing. EJazz, I know you were also watching the launch last night. What were your first impressions? What what did you think watching this?

我的第一印象是，这东西为什么会爆炸，Josh？我必须诚实地告诉我们的听众。Josh，我看到你穿着SpaceX连帽衫，SpaceX连帽衫。太棒了，宝贝。你可以看到我穿着一件马图案的衣服，这几乎和火箭完全相反。

My my first impressions was why is this thing exploding, Josh? And I I have to be honest for our listeners here. Josh, I see you're rocking the SpaceX hoodie SpaceX hoodie. Let's go, baby. You can see that I'm rocking a horse, which is pretty much the opposite of a rocket.

和你很模拟。我是老派的，我是老式的，我就想，好吧。这火箭很酷。埃隆已经发射了很多飞船了。

Very analog with you. I'm old school. I'm old fashioned, and I'm like, okay. This rocket is cool. Elon's launched a bunch of spaceships already.

这次有什么特别的？在深入了解之后，Josh，这实际上超级令人印象深刻。我认为SpaceX愿景中让我有点困惑的一点是，他们正在为太空建设基础设施。我想直到最近，很多人还认为太空是一种很酷的东西。就像，是的，这是一生一次的任务。

What's so special about this? And after digging under the hood, Josh, this is actually super impressive. I think the the one line which kind of like bamboozles me about SpaceX's vision is they're building the infrastructure for space. I think up until, you know, very recently, many people thought of space as like this kind of like cool thing. It's like, yeah, it's a once in a lifetime mission.

它将花费数亿美元。但SpaceX试图做的是将成本降低到相当于公交车票的水平，这样人类在地球外殖民就变得相当正常。但你能解释一下为什么这次发射如此重要吗，Josh？

It's gonna cost hundreds of millions of dollars. But what SpaceX is trying to do is reduce the cost of that to the equivalent of like a bus ride so that it becomes pretty normal to colonize, humans outside of Earth. But can you explain why this launch is is so important, Josh?

是的。所以星舰任务，我的意思是，就像你刚才说的，其意图是前往火星，他们非常坚定地要到达火星。而前往火星的问题在于，你需要将每公斤进入轨道的成本降到很低。这大致是这样的：如果你无法将质量送入轨道，那么你就无法在火星上创建一个地球的复制品来居住。而殖民火星的关键在于，实际上你需要地球所需的一切，以便在飞机或火箭停止到来的情况下实现自给自足。

Yeah. So Starship mission, I mean, like you were saying to back it up, is, the the intention is to get to Mars, and they are very dead set on getting to Mars. And the problem with getting to Mars is that you need to have a low cost per kilogram to orbit. That's kind of how this thing works is is if you can't get mass to orbit, then you can't create a copy of Earth to live on Mars. And the thing with colonizing Mars is that you actually need every single thing that Earth needs in order to be self sustainable in the case that the planes or the the rockets stop coming.

所以，如果你发送，比如说，1亿吨物资到火星，但忘了带维生素C，那么一切都会在一段时间后死亡。因此，你真的需要能够运送每一个对生命至关重要的元素，而这需要将大量（字面意义上的公吨级）质量送入轨道，问题在于将这一成本降到人类可能的最低水平。在过去，航天飞机计划中，每公斤进入轨道的成本是6万美元。而新的星舰预计有望将每公斤进入轨道的成本降至50美元。所以这是一个巨大的成本下降，他们能够做到这一点是因为快速可重复使用性，而这正是我们昨天看到的。

So he does, if you send, let's say, a 100,000,000 tons to Mars, but you forget vitamin c, everything dies over a certain period of time. So you really need to be able to deliver every single critical element for life, and that requires a ton, literally metric tons of mass to orbit, and the problem is getting that cost down to as low as humanly possible. So back in the day, in this with the space shuttle program, it cost $60,000 per kilogram to orbit. With the new Starship, the projection is hopefully going to be as low as $50 per kilogram to orbit. So this is like a huge decrease in how they're able to do this, and the reason they're able to do this is because of rapid reusability, and that's what we saw yesterday.

昨天测试的目的就是测试这些火箭的可重复使用性。所以我们或许应该谈谈为什么这次测试与以往的所有测试不同，原因在于隔热罩。隔热罩是这枚火箭非常关键的部分，因为隔热罩是让火箭能够重新发射的最具挑战性的部分。所以我们在这里看到的是隔热罩的核心，以及他们如何使其工作。因为很多时候，火箭无法存活的原因在于它以每小时25,000公里的速度返回轨道时。

That was the idea of the test yesterday, is to test how reusable these rockets are. So we probably should talk about the reason why this test in particular was different than all the others, and it's because of the heat shield. Now the heat shield is a very critical part of this rocket because the heat shield is the single most challenging part to get right in order for the rocket to relaunch itself. So what we're seeing here is the the crux of the heat shield, the way that they've been able to make it work. Because a lot of times, the reason why a rocket can't survive is when it comes back to orbit at 25,000 kilometers per hour.

那时非常热，会产生大量等离子体和热量，足以熔化一切。但我们在屏幕上看到的是这个叫做“烘焙坊”的东西，星舰就像你奶奶做饼干一样，烘焙18,000块这样的瓷砖。他们取一些陶瓷材料，扔进烤箱，烘烤，然后出来这些小小的六边形。他们将18,000块这样的瓷砖堆叠在一起，防止隔热罩过热。问题再次在于可重复使用性，你需要能够让这枚火箭返回地球，然后迅速再次起飞。

It's really freaking hot, and that's a lot of plasma, it's a lot of heat, and it just melts everything. But what we're seeing here on screen is this thing called the bakery, where Starship literally bakes 18,000 of these tiles the same way your grandma would. They take some ceramic, they throw it in an oven, they cook it, and on the way out comes out these little hexagons. They stack 18,000 of them together, and it blocks the shields from overheating. The problem is, again, just the reusability, where you need to be able to get this rocket back to Earth and then take off rapidly right afterwards.

问题是它们一直在脱落。就像，它们有点掉下来了。有些固定不住。有些无法正确抵抗热量。所以他们发明了这个叫做“Crunchwrap”的东西，这个名字真是太离谱了。

And the problem is that they've been falling apart. Like, they've kind of fallen off. Some of them don't don't hold. Some of them can resist the heat properly. So what they did is they invented this thing called the Crunchwrap, which is such an outrageous name.

向塔可贝尔致敬。就像Crunchwrap Supreme（至尊卷饼）。

Shout outs to Taco Bell. Like the Crunchwrap Supreme.

字面意思就是Crunchwrap Supreme。他们的灵感就来自那里。我太喜欢这个了。我们在屏幕上看到的是，他们实际上能够将这些瓷砖，这些小陶瓷板，用这种毡材料包裹起来。而当你在太空中高速飞行时，金属会热胀冷缩得很厉害，所以你需要在瓷砖之间留出空间，但那个空间会让大量热量进入。

Literally, the Crunchwrap Supreme. That's where they get the inspiration from. And I love this. And what we're seeing on screen is they were actually able to take these tiles, these little ceramic plates, and they wrapped them in this felt material. And the problem when you're going through space really hot is the metal expands and contracts quite a bit, so you need to have space in between the tiles, but that space let a lot of heat in.

所以他们所做的是创造了一种可塑性材料，也就是这种毛毡，它能让金属在加热时膨胀、冷却时收缩，同时保持所有这些隔热瓦完好无损，这真是太神奇了。这次发射中，他们损失的隔热瓦不到1%，而过去会损失5%到10%。所以，他们能将这个数字降到如此之低，可能是昨天整个测试飞行中最大的胜利——他们拥有了可重复使用的隔热罩。这种规模的重用以前从未实现过。

So what they did is they created this kind of malleable material, which is the felt, and it allows the metal to heat up and expand and condense and shrink while keeping these heat shields all intact, and it was amazing. And what happened on this launch was they lost less than 1% of the heat shield tiles, where in the past, they lost five to 10%. So the fact that they got this number down so low is the single, probably biggest win of this entire test flight yesterday that we saw was the fact that they have a reusable heat shield. It's never been done before at this scale.

好的。那么，如果我总结一下你刚才说的，乔什，你的意思是，埃隆测试这么多火箭并炸掉它们的原因，是为了找到能够将人类殖民到地球之外的理想火箭架构。我第一部分理解得对吗？

Okay. So so if I were to summarize what you just said, Josh, you're saying that the reason why Elon is testing out so many of these rockets and blowing all of these up is to come to the ideal rocket architecture that can colonize humanity outside of Earth. Is have I got that first part right?

完全正确。是的。你必须建造一种可扩展且能够大规模生产的东西。

Absolutely. Yeah. You gotta build something that scales and that can be mass manufactured.

好的，酷。那么为了实现这个目标，他需要降低将重物送上天的成本，对吧？就像一开始NASA的第一枚火箭超级昂贵，要花费数亿美元，将成本降到比那低得多非常重要，但可重复使用性也很重要。对吧，乔什？

Okay. Cool. And so to get there, he needs to reduce the cost of taking heavy stuff up, right? Like right now, when it started off with the first rocket from NASA, super expensive, hundreds of millions of dollars, reducing that cost to something much, much cheaper than that is important, but also reusability is important. Right, Josh?

这是一种降低成本的方式。就像，如果我能反复使用同一艘火箭，而不必每次火箭坠毁后都重新建造一艘新的，那就没问题了，对吧？所以这两件事是并行推进的。而你说，帮助我们实现这一目标的一个主要因素是这些耐热防护罩或耐热瓦，它们是在SpaceX的“面包店”里制造的——我们称之为“面包店”。

That's one way to kind of like drive it down. It's like, if I can use the same rocket ship over and over again and not have to reconstruct a new rocket ship every time one comes down and crashes, we should be fine. Right? So both of those things kind of are running in parallel. And you're saying one major factor to help us get there are these heat proof shields or these heat proof tiles, which are getting built in this, like this SpaceX bakery is what we're Bakery.

顺便问一下，这些东西真的是用陶瓷做的吗？

Calling these things literally made of ceramic, by the way?

它们确实是用陶瓷做的。这太有趣了。就像你在小学或中学美术课上做的东西一样。好吧，没什么不同。

They're literally made of ceramic. It's it's so funny. It's just like what you did in, like, elementary school, middle school art class. Okay. It's no different than that.

他们在顶部加了一个小外壳。虽然比那要复杂一点，但基本上，他们就是在烧制陶瓷砖。

They put a little coat on the top. It's, like, a little more sophisticated than that, but, basically, they're just baking ceramic tile.

好的。乔什，我接下来立刻想到的是，他们要带去太空的东西，他们会带哪些种类的东西去太空？比如，我理解火星那部分。对吧？但我还是有点想不明白，因为我会想，好吧。

Okay. So where my mind goes to immediately next, Josh, is with the things that they're taking to space, what what kinds of things are they gonna be taking to space? Like, I get the the Mars thing. Right? And and that I still can't quite wrap my head around because I'm like, okay.

比如，你们带什么材料出去？是带砖头去盖房子吗？比如，我们怎么知道我们能不能在那里生活？但是，我记得我们几集前讨论过的最直接的事情是卫星，对吧？这些卫星是星链V3的一部分，它正在获得新的卫星结构，基本上是以波束下行。

You like, what materials are you taking out? Are taking bricks to build a house? Like, how how do we know if we can even live there? But, the most immediate thing that I remember us speaking about a few episodes ago was satellites, right? And these satellites are part of Starlink V3, which is getting, you know, their new satellite, structure, which is basically in a beam down.

我想它大概能向地球传输60太比特的数据，相当于我在家拥有超高速的有线互联网，但无论我在哪里，比如我在一个宁静的小山坡上，嗯。通常那里没有信号。我说得对吗？在卫星和火星建房之间，我还有什么遗漏的吗？

I think it was like 60 terabits worth of data to earth, which is the equivalent of me having like super fast internet, cabled internet at home, but anywhere I am, like wherever I am, if I am on a quaint little mountainside Mhmm. Where I usually won't have reception. Am I getting that right? Is there any other thing that I'm missing in between satellites and building homes on Mars?

是的。嗯，差不多就是这样。先是卫星，然后卫星为火星任务提供资金。所以星链是SpaceX最大的摇钱树之一，还有他们为政府或私营行业执行的私人任务，他们会把大型卫星送入太空。正如你所说，星舰使得能够将更大的物体送入轨道。

Yeah. Well, that's pretty much it. It's it's satellites, and then the satellites fund the mission to get to Mars. So Starlink is one of the largest cash cows of SpaceX, along with the private missions that they send up on behalf of governments or private industry, where they will take large satellites and they will send them into space. What Starship enables, like you said, each has is is just much bigger objects into orbit.

就像你提到的，星链V3每次发射具有60太比特的下行速度，而猎鹰九号发射的星链V2或现在的2.5版本，每秒只有3太比特的下行速度。所以每一次星舰发射相当于20次旧发射，这规模大得惊人，他们将以多快的速度改进这个网络。不仅如此，延迟降低了，总带宽大幅提升，覆盖范围也更远。是的，我们在屏幕上看到它们之间的差异。所以版本1.5，相当小。

So like you mentioned, the Starlink v three has 60 terabits of downlink speed per launch, whereas the Falcon nine launches with the Starlink v two or 2.5 that they're at now, they only had three terabits per second of downlink. So every single one of these Starship launches is equivalent to 20 old launches, which is just an outrageously large scale at how quickly they're going to improve this network. And not only that, but the latency comes down, the total bandwidth goes way up, it has a much further range. Yeah, we're seeing on screen kind of the difference between them. So the version 1.5, fairly small.

版本二，相当大。版本三，简直是巨大的。伙计，这个大多了。

Version two, pretty big. Version three is, like, gigantic. It is Dude, this is like much bigger.

比v1.5大了10倍。

10 times larger than v 1.5.

大了这么多。而且这真的非常令人兴奋，因为第三代卫星将促使像你我这样的人真正愿意使用这个网络。现在很多星链用户都在偏远地区，他们不在人口密集区域，因为那里是星链效果最好的地方。网络带宽并不是很充裕。

So much larger. And it's it's it's really exciting because version three satellites will enable people like me and you to actually be inclined to use the network. A lot of people now for Starlink, the users, they're in the middle of nowhere. They're not in very highly populated areas because that's where it kind of works the best. There's not a ton of bandwidth on the network.

如果你住在偏远的森林深处，或者像丛林里的某些超级偏远的地方，你会使用星链。它的效果非常棒。但当你应用这些高带宽卫星时，不仅可以在人口更密集的地区使用，就像我们几周前在节目中讨论的那样，你甚至可以直接连接手机。比如，如果我们在某个偏远地方徒步，现在你的手机也能接收到信号了，这要归功于这些新卫星。所以这不仅在卫星方面实现了巨大的突破，也对SpaceX的星链卫星乃至整个私营航天行业带来了巨大推动。

If you live in the middle of the woods somewhere remote, or if you live in like some super foreign place in a jungle, you use Starlink. It works amazing. But when you apply these high bandwidth satellites, not only can you use them in more densely populated areas, but like we had in our episode a few weeks ago, you could actually go direct to cell. Aegis, if we're going on a hike somewhere in the middle of nowhere, well, now your cell phone could actually get service too, thanks to these new satellites. So it enables this huge unlock in terms of satellites, but then also in terms of SpaceX Starlink satellites, but then also in terms of private industry.

有很多望远镜、很多探测器，像许多这些较大的物体都想去太空，但没有运载工具将它们送上去。星舰使之成为可能。你提到的所有这些测试，比如昨晚的星舰第11次试飞，都是为了找到一个经过飞行验证的架构，基本上是创建一个可以复制粘贴并开始大规模实施的蓝图，就像我们之前看到的猎鹰九号火箭那样。

There's a lot of telescopes, there's a lot of rovers, like a lot of these larger objects that want to go to space, but have no vehicle to take them there. Starship enables that. And all of these tests like you were mentioning, Starship the test flight 11 last night, it's all in an effort to find a flight proven architecture, basically create the blueprint that you could then copy and paste and start doing this at scale, like we saw with the last rocket, the Falcon nine.

好的。乔什，我想谈谈这个航天器本身。这东西太大了。真是巨大。我们看到的是这个航天器与一些旧型号的对比图像。

Okay. Josh, I wanna talk about the spacecraft itself. This thing is huge. So big. We're seeing is an image of this spacecraft next to some old models.

你知道吗？我们有老式的NASA模型。光是高度就很疯狂，而且它超级薄。如果我没记错的话，这个航天器的外壳厚度只有两张信用卡叠在一起的厚度。抱歉。

You know? We've got the old school NASA models. And and just height wise, this thing is crazy, and it's super thin. Like, if I remember correctly, the outer shell of this spacecraft is the thickness of two credit cards put together. Sorry.

这怎么可能呢？

How is that possible?

这太离谱了。他们用的是HFS，代表硬质F和钢。而且，Ejes，如果你……那是它的学名。就是HFS。我向你发誓。

It's outrageous. They use HFS, which stands for hard f and steel. And, Ejes, if you if you that is the scientific name. It's HFS. I swear to you.

得了吧。不可能吧。我要查一下。

Let it up. No way that's right. I'm gonna look that up.

嗯，这是真的。而且实际上，Ejes，你现在就可以出去亲眼看看，因为如果你去看看路上跑的Cybertruck——城里有很多——它们包裹的正是和星舰上完全一样的HFS。这只是一种冷轧不锈钢，强度超高。

Well, it's real. And and actually, you can go outside and see this right now, Ejes, because if you go and check out the Cybertrucks that are rolling down the road, which there are plenty of in the city, they are wrapped with the same exact HFS that is on Starship. It is just a cold rolled stainless steel that is super strong.

你没在骗人。

You're not lying.

它叫HFS，而且它非常坚固。这就是为什么你的Cybertruck是防弹的。因为它是由制造星舰的相同材料制成的，而很多复杂性实际上来自于对舱室加压，这样它们既不会在压力下塌陷也不会在压力下过度膨胀，但规模是巨大的。我们在这里看到的是，星舰基本上由两部分组成。底部是第一级，那是助推器。

It's called HFS, and it's it's remarkably strong. That's why your Cybertruck is bulletproof. It's because it's made of the same stuff that Starships are made of, and a lot of the the complexity comes from actually pressurizing the cabin so that they don't either collapse under pressure or over expand under pressure, but the scale is gigantic. It is what we're seeing here is the Starship basically consists of two two parts. There's the first stage, is at the bottom, that's the booster.

他们称之为超重型。然后是第二级，就是顶部的实际飞船。这两部分堆叠在一起时，高达394英尺。所以这大约相当于40层楼高。所以，Ejaz，如果你曾经站在40层楼的楼顶向外看，那就是从星舰顶部看到的景色。

They call that super heavy. And then there's the second stage, is the actual ship on top. And both of those, when stacked together, are 394 feet tall. So that is equivalent to about 40 stories tall. So, Ejaz, if you ever stood on top of a 40 story building and you've looked out, that is the the view from the top of Starship.

它高得难以置信。比自由女神像高30%。我想它比吉萨大金字塔矮60英尺。这东西，就像，巨大无比。而且，是的，你可以在视频里看到比例尺。

It is unbelievably tall. It's 30% taller than the Statue Of Liberty. I think it's 60 feet shorter than the Great Pyramid Of Giza. This thing is, like, gigantic. And, yeah, you can see here for scale on the video.

人类是

Humans are

人们只是看起来

People just look

渺小。天哪。所以，乔什，那个超级重的第一部分，助推器，主要是用来把飞船，你知道，送上天的吗？那主要就是燃料和火箭助推器吗？

tiny. Goodness. So so so, Josh, the the super heavy part part one, the booster, is that primarily to get the ship, you know, up into the air? Is that primarily just like fuel and rocket boosters?

完全正确。所以助推器的作用正如其名，就是为了将飞船助推到地球轨道或至少是低地球轨道，因为地球的大气层非常稠密。突破它需要大量能量。但一旦突破大气层进入低地球轨道并前往外太空，大气就稀薄得多，飞船受到的摩擦力也小得多。你只需要上面那个较小的部分就能真正进入深空。

That's exactly right. So the the booster exists literally for its name to boost the ship into Earth orbit or low Earth orbit at least because Earth's atmosphere is super dense. It takes a lot of energy to break through it. But once you've broken through it and you're in the low Earth orbit and going into outer space, there's a lot less atmosphere, there's a lot less friction against your ship. You just need that smaller top part to actually go out into deep space.

而这里就是有效载荷所在的地方。对吧？

And this is where the payload is. Right?

没错。好的。

Exactly. Okay.

所以整个助推器，你看到的整个底部部分，全是燃料。底部100%都是燃料。哇。然后顶部大部分其实也是燃料。就像，整个堆栈的很大比例只是燃料，然后在舱的最顶部大约有150吨可重复使用有效载荷的空间。

So the entire booster, that whole bottom part that you're seeing, it's all fuel. A 100% of that bottom part is fuel. Wow. And then most of the top part is actually fuel too. Like, a large percentage of the stack is just fuel, and then towards the very top of the bay is about room for a 150 tons of reusable payload.

所以需要大量燃料，实际上他们将在下一个版本——火箭的三代版本中开始做的一件有趣的事情是，他们将在太空中为顶部部分补充燃料。具体做法是发射两艘飞船，一艘是加油船，另一艘是真正的飞船。它们在轨道上会合，有点像接吻一样对接，然后一艘为另一艘加注燃料，这样就能飞往火星了。这真是个非常了不起的事情。

So it's a lot of fuel, and actually one of the interesting things that they're going to start doing with the next version, version three of the rocket, is they're going to refuel that top part in space. So what they'll do is they'll send up two versions of the ship. One is a tanker, and then one is the actual ship. They meet in orbit, and they kinda like kiss each other, and then one refuels the other, and that's how it's able to get out to Mars. It's this really remarkable thing.

我们现在看到的是三代版本的渲染图，这正是我说的对接过程。他们有一艘加油船和一艘飞船，它们连接起来，这就是加注燃料的方式。

What we're seeing here is the rendering of the version three, and that's exactly the kissing that I'm talking about. They have a tanker, and then they have the ship, they connect, and that's how you refuel it.

所以我们刚才观看的这次故意引爆的发射，是我们在转向屏幕上看到的这个新版本之前的标志。对吧，乔什？你能告诉我们主要有哪些不同，以及我们可以期待什么吗？

So this launch that we just watched that was intentionally exploded is the sign before we move on to this next version that we're seeing on our screens. Right, Josh? Can you tell us, like, what the major differences are and what we can expect?

是的。其中一个最大的不同——这也是我完全着迷的一点——是猛禽三发动机。他们采用了全新的发动机架构，因此很多方面都需要改变。你刚才在之前的版本中看到的是新的燃料箱，外观大部分看起来都一样。

Yeah. So one of the biggest differences, this is the thing that I am absolutely obsessed with, is the Raptor three engine. So they have whole whole new engine architecture that you're using, and as a result, a lot of things need to change. So what you just saw in the past one, was a new fuel tank. Everything about the outside mostly looks the same.

内部的一切都在改变。燃料分配系统在变化，很多遥测设备在变化，控制飞船的栅格翼也在变化，但最引人注目的是这些猛禽三发动机。伊迪丝，如果你回看那张图片——我太喜欢这张图片了，因为它展示了猛禽发动机的三个迭代版本，正好显示了一家伟大的公司能够做到什么程度。

Everything about the inside is changing. So the fuel distribution is changing, a lot of the the telemetry things, the grid fins that control the ship are changing, but the most notable part is these Raptor three engines. And, Edith, if you go back actually to that image, I love this image so much because it shows the three iterations of Raptor, and it just shows, like, what what a great company is possible is is capable of doing.

看起来比

Seems much less complex than

之前的版本简单多了。而且动力也更强大了。猛禽一发动机非常复杂，看起来像个鸟巢，有太多东西在运转。

previous version. It's much more powerful too. So that Raptor one engine had was so complicated. It looks like a bird's nest. There's so much stuff going on.

这真的很难理解。它必须内置自己的隔热罩，重量达2000公斤。所以它的可重用性并不高。它重达一吨，而且只能——我是说只能——产生的推力是185吨。猛禽二代看起来优雅得多，重量减轻了400公斤，内置了更多隔热罩，因此每次飞行前后重复使用的维护工作稍微少一些，但仍然相当复杂，并将推力提升至230吨。

It's really difficult to understand. It has to have its own heat shield built in, and it weighed 2,000 kilograms. So it's not very reusable. It weighs a ton, and it is only able to, I mean only able to, the thrust that you can get out of it is 185 tons. Raptor two looks a lot more elegant, and Raptor two, that decreased the weight by 400 kilograms, it has some more heat shield built in, so there's a little less maintenance before and after each flight to reuse it, but still pretty complicated and lifts the thrust up to two thirty tons.

现在猛禽三代看起来简直可以放进博物馆了。它太漂亮了。所有的复杂性都嵌入在发动机内部。它更加复杂，却创纪录地达到了269吨的推力。它比猛禽二代还轻了100公斤，而且没有主要限制，意味着它可以直上轨道，返回地面，重新点火，然后再次出发。

Now Raptor three looks like you could put that in a museum. It's gorgeous. All of the complexities are embedded inside of the engine. It is much more complex and yet it has a record setting two sixty nine tons of thrust. It weighs 100 kilograms even less than Raptor two and there are no major limitations, meaning it can just go up into orbit, come back down, relight, and go right back again.

这是他们承担并成功应对的难以置信的复杂工程挑战，我认为这证明了SpaceX的运营方式。他们就是从第一性原理来思考这些问题。比如，如何不用现成零件制造出最好的发动机？所有这些都是定制工具，结果他们得到了一个快得多的发动机，而且，看看这个视频，力量太惊人了。

It is this unbelievably complex engineering challenge that they took on and that they were able to do, and I think it's a testament to how SpaceX operates. It's just really considering these things from first principles. Like, how can we make an engine the best possible thing using no off the shelf parts? All this is custom tooling, and as a result, they got an engine that is way faster, and, like, look at this video. It is so much force.

那是——那是一台发动机产生的269吨推力。这真是个奇迹。

That's that's 269 tons of thrust from one single engine. It's it's a marvel.

这听起来简直像电影里的情节，乔什。我觉得，如果你告诉任何人——你刚才说新的飞船里要装多少台这样的发动机来着？

This seems like something straight out of a a movie, Josh. Like, I I feel like if you tell anyone that how many of these did you say are gonna be in the new new ship?

哦，多少台？大概是31到33台左右。数量不少

Oh, many of these? There's 31 to 33, something like that. There's a good bit

对。没错。所以如果你告诉我，嘿，33台这种像两张信用卡厚的猛禽火箭要把150吨甚至可能更重的载荷（在v3版本中）送入太空轨道，我可能会笑你。我会觉得，这东西太脆弱了。

of a Right. So right. So if you told me that, hey. 33 of these two credit cards worth thick raptor rockets are going to blast a 150 tons and much, much more probably in in v three, up into space into orbit, I would probably laugh at you. I would be like, this thing is flimsy.

我不知道我能不能相信这个。为什么它在扭动？乔什，没有其他公司是这样建造的。我试图想一想，你知道，其他任何接近SpaceX的竞争对手，但每次我都想不出来。我认为埃隆和SpaceX以及工程师们，他们迄今为止所建造和取得的成就，是独一无二的。

I don't know if I could trust this. Why is it wiggling around? There is no other company that is building like this, Josh. And I I I was trying to think about, you know, other kind of competitors that come even near SpaceX, and I I I just fall flat every single time. I think Elon and SpaceX and the engineers and what they've built and what they've achieved to date is in a league of their own.

确实如此。没有人接近。有很多公司在尝试建造有趣的东西，但地球上真的没有人在这个意义上接近SpaceX——如果SpaceX明天关闭，我们就失去了太空计划。我们没有简单且经济的方式将卫星送入低地球轨道。我们也没有成为多行星物种的愿望。

Truly. There there's nobody who's close. There's a lot of companies who are trying to build interesting things, but there is genuinely no one on Earth who who's close in the sense that if SpaceX shuts down tomorrow, we have no space program. We have no easy and affordable way of getting satellites into low Earth orbit. We have no aspirations for becoming a multi planetary species.

就像，很多东西都会消失，我们没有冗余的互联网。如果我们在地球上失去连接，我们在太空中就没有备用网络。所以这确实是一种垄断，当你看到这些东西有多复杂、规模有多大时，你就能开始理解为什么了。而且，是的，我喜欢你展示的这张图片，因为那里的文化也非常棒。我想这是来自他们的星舰基地的图片。

Like, a lot of things die we have no redundant Internet. If we lose connection down on Earth, we have no secondary network to exist in space. So it is very much a monopoly, and you could start to understand why when you see how complex these things are, how big they are at scale. And, yeah, I love the image you're showing here because there's also really great culture there too. This is an image from their I guess, from Starbase.

对吧？他们是从那里发射这些东西的吗？

Right? Where they take these things off from?

这是进入星舰的入口。实际上，这是顶层。在你走进去之前，你会看到这幅画，如果你是一名宇航员，即将乘坐其中一艘飞船升空，这可能是最鼓舞人心的事情了。

It's it's it's to get into Starship. Actually, it's the top level. And before you walk in, you see this this painting, which is just probably the most inspiring thing ever if you're an astronaut going up in one of these things.

这是一幅精美的手绘宇航员，伸出手，星舰倒映在手中，站在火星上。哇，这真是太棒了。其中一个有趣的事情是，很多人只是口头说我们要去火星，但实际上并不理解到达火星的下游影响。我认为我从多年来关注SpaceX学到的一件有趣的事是，他们实际上有整个团队专门负责构思火星上的生活。

And it's this beautifully, like, hand painted astronaut holding his hand out, Starship in the reflection, standing on Mars. Wow. It's it's really amazing. And one one of the the funny things is a lot of people just they there's this disconnect between saying we're going to Mars and then actually understanding the the the downstream effects of getting to Mars. And I think a funny thing that I I learned from following SpaceX over the years is that they actually have entire teams dedicated to coming up with life on Mars.

意思是，比如，这是我们需要运送的所有东西。这是政府结构将如何看起来。这是我们将如何分配物资。这是我们将如何建造第一个基地、第二个基地、第三个基地。而且有团队已经这样做了多年，因为他们非常确信他们的任务会成功，他们将能够在火星上建立生活。

Meaning, like, here is everything we need to ship. Here is how the government structure is going to look. Here is how we're going to, like, distribute supplies. Here is how we're gonna build the first base, the second base, the third base. And there are teams that have been doing this for years because they are so certain that their mission will succeed, that they will be able to get life on Mars.

他们确实有一个大致的时间规划。我想首次月球任务将在2028年进行，然后火星任务大约在2030年左右。所以在未来五年内，人类实际上——或者至少火箭将会启程前往火星，这真是太酷了。这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。昨天的发射是惊人的进步。

And they do have a rough timeline trajectory. I think first moon missions are going for 2028, and then the Mars mission around 2030, I believe. So within the next five years, people will actually or at least rockets will be on their way to Mars, which is it's just cool. It's a really exciting thing. Yesterday's launch was amazing progress.

所有可能顺利的事情都顺利进行了，这确实是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，因为前几次发射——这是第11次发射——他们遇到了一些严重问题。比如有一次火箭甚至在发射台上就完全爆炸了，彻底摧毁了发射台，他们不得不重建。还有一次火箭在尝试加压时完全爆炸了。所以一路走来问题不少。昨晚的飞行非常出色，一切进展得尽可能顺利。我们很快将看到他们尝试实际捕捉星舰火箭，这将是一个真正激动人心的发展。因为一旦他们成功捕捉，我们就真的上路了。

Everything that could have gone right went right, and it was really a step in the right direction because the last couple of launches, this is this was launch number 11. They had some serious problems. Like, there was one of the rockets, it fully exploded prior to even getting off the launch pad. Total detonation destroyed the launch pad they had to rebuild it There was another rocket that when it tried to get pressurized it totally exploded So there's been a lot of problems along the way Last night's flight was amazing Everything went about as good as it could have And what we're gonna see soon is they're gonna try to actually catch the Starship rocket, which is going to be a really exciting development. Because once they get that thing caught, we're we're on our way.

我真的希望这在我有生之年能实现。我希望太空旅行的成本能够负担得起，让我、我的孩子们，甚至我妈妈都能一起去，看看外面的世界，甚至可能在其他星球上建立殖民地。这很有趣。在我们进行这番对话的过程中，我觉得火星就像是这一切的第一步。我记得小时候觉得火星是件非常遥远的事情，绝对不可能在我这辈子实现。

I really hope this happens in my lifetime. I hope that the cost of travel to get to space is affordable enough that I can go with me, my kids, maybe even my mom, and and and kind of, like, see what's up and out there, maybe even a a colony on a different planet. It's interesting. As as we have gone through this conversation, I kind of think as Mars is, like, the first step to all of this. I remember when I was a kid growing up thinking, like, Mars was this, like, really, really far off thing to happen, definitely not in my lifetime.

而现在感觉就像是，你知道，它会实现，然后我们就会进行下一次行星跳跃。嗯。卫星进入太空，运送不同类型的有效载荷，比如你之前提到的望远镜，我觉得这些都只是第一阶段。我甚至无法想象接下来会发生什么。但我知道只有一家公司在做这件事。

And now it just seems like, you know, it'll happen and then we're onto the next big kind of planetary jump. Mhmm. The satellites getting out there, moving different types payloads, whether it's like telescopes that you mentioned earlier, I feel like is all just phase one. I can't even imagine what what comes next. But I know that there's only one company that is doing this.

那就是SpaceX。他们最初将太空飞行的成本降低到了——猎鹰九号，成本削减了多少，乔什？你还记得吗？他们把它降到了大约十二分之一或二十六分之一这样的数字。

It is SpaceX. They cut the cost of spaceflight initially down to what was the Falcon nine, cost cutting, Josh? Do you do you do you remember this? They cut it down to, like, a twelfth or, like, one twenty six. It's it's one of those numbers.

是一个低得离谱的数字，没错，相对于其他公司来说低了很多。还有一个视频，EJES，我会发给你，我很想展示因为它太棒了，能看到它对其他人产生的影响。这不仅仅是一次任务。所以一个很酷的事情是，到达火星的下游效应意味着我们解锁了大量新技术。意味着我们能够在另一个星球上创造食物和生命，这意味着我们需要多种便携能源形式，更好的电池技术，更好的农业技术。

Was somehow outrageously low number, yeah, of how how low it went relative to others. There's also a video, EJES, I'm gonna send you that I would love to show because it's just, it's it's awesome to see the effect it has on other people. Like, it's more than just a mission. So one of the cool things is is the downstream effects of getting to Mars means that we have unlocked a ton of new technology. It means that we have, we're able to create food and life on another planet, which means we need to have a lot of forms of portable energy, a lot better battery technology, a lot better agricultural technology.

而且，我们屏幕上展示的这个视频就像是在激励下一代去做酷炫厉害的事情。能够坐下来观看这些发射，看到这些孩子们坐着观看并受到极大鼓舞，真是太有趣了。因为很长一段时间里，孩子们长大后想成为的都是宇航员。那是最酷的事情。嗯。

But also, this video that we're showing on screen is like, what's inspiring the next generation to wanna do cool badass stuff? Like, it's it's so fun being able to sit down and watch these launches and and see, like, these kids just sitting down and, like, getting super expired. Because for a long time when children were growing up, like, they the thing they wanted to be was an astronaut. That was the coolest thing. Mhmm.

而现在最流行的回答是，哦，想成为TikToker或者我想当网红。我个人真的很喜欢这样的想法，人们开始因看到这样的事情而受到启发，想要去做这些雄心勃勃的事情，比如建造火箭去外太空，建造卫星从星星上给我们提供互联网。这不仅仅是一个任务，更是一个鼓舞人心的使命，而且他们还成功地为其配备了经济引擎，以持续资助进展，并继续致力于将有效载荷送入轨道的使命。

And now the most popular answer is, oh, wanna be a TikToker or I wanna be an influencer. And I really I mean, personally, I love the idea of people starting to get inspired by seeing things like this to want to do these ambitious things, to build rockets to go to outer space, to build satellites to give us Internet from the stars. Like, it's just more than anything, it's an inspiring mission, and, they've managed to put an economic engine on it to continue to fund the progress that happens and to continue to work on this mission of getting payload to to orbit.

说实话，我在哪里能买这只股票？我知道它还是家私人公司，但我我得想办法搞到手。这让我非常看好，埃隆，就算我之前对他的其他公司已经够看好了，如果我在节目里还没说清楚的话。乔希，关于这个你还有什么要和我们分享的吗？

Where do I buy this stock, honestly? I I I know it's still a private company, but I I need to get my my hands on this. Makes me very bullish, Elon, if I wasn't already bullish enough on all his other companies, if I wasn't already clear about that on this show. Josh, is there anything else that you need to share with us about this?

嗯，还有一个前瞻性的事情，Ejaz，你之前跟我提过，就是你问，为什么我不能在20分钟内到达伦敦？这就是答案，如果你能真正完善可重复使用的火箭飞船，创造出一种飞机，但是垂直起降的，我是说，昨晚我们看发射时，那艘星舰在一小时内就飞越了全球。它一小时内就到了地球的另一端。所以，如果你能创造这项技术，并且真正精炼它，大规模生产，将进入轨道的成本降到每公斤50美元，那么我想，低地球轨道或亚轨道的成本——带你上去然后飞越进入欧洲——可能不会那么贵，你基本上可以在45分钟或更短时间内到达世界任何地方。

Well, there's one one more, like, forward looking thing that, Ejaz, you actually mentioned this to me a little while ago, is that you're like, well, why can I not get to London in, like, twenty minutes? And this is very much that answer, is like if you are able to really just perfect the reusable rocket ship, where you create this, an airplane, but for vertical takeoff and landing, I mean, when we were watching the launch last night, that Starship went across the world in an hour. Like, it was on the complete other side of the planet in an hour. So, if you can create this technology, and you can actually really refine it, produce it at scale, and you lower the cost to orbit down to $50 per kilogram, well, I would imagine the cost to low Earth orbit, or sub orbit, which takes you up and then over and then into Europe, would probably be not that expensive, and you could basically get anywhere in the world in forty five minutes or less.

看，有趣的是我觉得你能说服很多人。我想很多人会开始谈论性（注：此处'sell'可能为口误，结合上下文应指‘说服’），如果我告诉我妈，嘿，你可以去日本。去日本一直是她的梦想。20分钟就能到，她肯定会愿意。

See, funny part is I think you could sell a lot of people on that. I think a lot of people will start talking about sex would be super if I told my mom that, hey, you could go to Japan. It's been a dream of hers to to go to Japan. In twenty minutes, she would be down.

是的。所以我想留给人们的一个重要信息是，这不仅仅是关于去火星。而是理解去火星技术所带来的二阶效应，如果我们拥有所有这些新技术，我们就能大规模生产这些火箭飞船。它会应用到许多非常有趣的行业，比如垂直起降火箭，让你和你妈妈可以去日本吃午饭，然后在晚饭前回家。而且，这将成为一件轻松平常的事情。

Yeah. So I think that's that's an important thing that I wanna leave people with is it's not only about getting to Mars. It's the second order effects that come from understanding the technology to get to Mars, where we can mass produce these rocket ships if we have all this new technology. It gets applied to a lot of really interesting industries, like the vertical takeoff and landing rockets where you and your mom can go to Japan for lunch and then come home before dinner time. And, like, that's just an easy and normal thing.

所以这给我，我想也给很多观看这些发射的人，留下了很多乐观和兴奋。看到这些真是太棒了。还有更多即将到来。就像我们昨天聊的，我们得去德克萨斯。去看看其中一次发射。

So it leaves a lot of, I think, optimism and excitement around for for me and I think for a lot of people who watch all these launches. It's just it's awesome to see. There's more coming. You as we were talking yesterday, we gotta go to Texas. Go see one of those.

我们会去的。我们一定会去的。我们

We're gonna go. We are gonna We're

准备出发。我们一定要去，因为那将是一个梦想。这些事情是

gonna go. Let's do it because that'd be a dream. These things are

明年年初，我和乔什会直播更新进展时，它会作为背景出现。我迫不及待了。我也得给自己买一件SpaceX连帽衫。

Early next year, we're gonna have it in the background as Josh and I livestream our updates about it. I I cannot wait. I need to get myself a SpaceX hoodie as well.

太棒了。我们会买同款连帽衫。另外给靠近德克萨斯州的人一个彩蛋。德克萨斯州有条法律，规定所有海滩都是公共的，而星舰发射地Starbase，海滩就紧挨着发射台。所以你可以去海滩，距离这个巨型火箭飞船不到一英里，真正近距离观赏它，看看它到底有多震撼。

Hell yeah. We'll we'll get matching hoodies. And also Easter egg for anyone who's near Texas. All there's a law in Texas where all of the beaches are public, and Starbase, where they launch these Starships, the beach sits right next to the launch pad. So you can actually go to the beach and be, like, less than a mile away from this gigantic rocket ship and really get a great view of it and just see what it's like up close.

所以等我们去的时候，就会去那里。我真的很期待亲眼看到这些飞船，因为天哪，那会是多么激动人心的事情。

So when we go, that's exactly where we're going. And I am I am really looking forward to seeing one of these in person because my god, what what an exciting thing that would be.

我等不及了。好吧，《壮志凌云》的汤姆·克鲁斯，靠边站。有个新的牛仔来了，他是个太空牛仔， Elon 正在引领 SpaceX 的道路。

I can't wait. Well, Tom Cruise of Top Gun, step aside. There is a new cowboy. He's a space cowboy in town. Elon is leading the way on SpaceX.

我迫不及待想看接下来的几次发射。在我看来，每次新发射似乎都变得没那么复杂，但不知何故却更强大、更便宜。而且我知道我一直在说这个，不知怎的还更薄了。乔什，如果没什么别的要说了，我们就到此结束吧。

I cannot wait for the next couple of launches. It seems to me that, like, every new launch gets that much less complex, but somehow way more powerful and somehow way more cheaper. And I still I know I keep talking about it. Somehow way more thinner. Josh, unless there's anything else to say, let's let's round this up.

我们就到这里吧。就这样。所以下一次发射将是第三版。这是第二版架构的最后一次发射。全新的发射是完全崭新的。

Let's wrap it up. That's it. So the next launch is going to be version three. This was the last launch of version two architecture. The whole new the new launch is brand new.

所有内部结构都将焕然一新。所有这些新事物正在陆续推出。我们会一直在这里全程报道。但在此之前，这就是SpaceX星舰第九次发射的节目？还是第十一次发射？

Everything about the internals are gonna be new. All this new stuff is rolling out. We will be here covering it all the way. But until then, that's been an episode on SpaceX Starship launch nine? Launch 11?

第十一次发射。我都记不清了

Launch 11. I'm losing track

不过，没错，是第十一次。

of you, but, yeah, it's 11.

感谢大家观看。一如既往，非常感激。结束前还有什么要说的吗？

Thank you guys for watching. As always, very much appreciated. Any final prompts before we go?

没有。但告诉我们你们是否喜欢这期太空节目。乔希和我，我自认为在这些方面是个业余爱好者。乔希超级热情且消息灵通，我很喜欢向他学习。但你们喜欢了解这些东西吗？

No. But tell us if you enjoyed this space episode. Josh and I, I I consider myself an amateur when it comes to these things. Josh is is super enthusiastic and plugged in, and I love learning from him. But do you guys enjoy learning about this stuff?

如果不喜欢，我们能否从其他角度来报道？还有其他太空公司吗？我已经知道答案了。并没有。请告诉我们。

If not, is there a different angle that we can cover? Are there other space companies out there? I already know the answer. There is not. Let us know.

请告诉我们。好了，感谢观看。下期节目再见。祝平安。

Let us know. Well, thank thank you for watching. We'll see you guys in the next one. Peace.