117. 灵媒 / 冷读术 / 巴纳姆陈述

感谢您选择卢克的英语播客。

Thank you for choosing Luke's English podcast.

如需更多包含特定词汇和发音教学的剧集，享受无广告收听体验，加入高级社区并支持本播客，请前往 teacherluke.co.uk/premium 注册 LEP 高级会员。

For more episodes with specific vocabulary and pronunciation teaching, plus ad free listening, access to the premium community, and to show your support for the podcast, sign up to LEP Premium at teacherluke.co.uk/premium.

您正在收听卢克的英语播客。

You're listening to Luke's English podcast.

如需更多信息，请访问 teacherluke.podomatic.com。

For more information, visit teacherluke.podomatic.com.

大家好，女士们、先生们。

Hello, ladies and gentlemen.

欢迎来到卢克的英语播客的又一期节目。

Welcome to another episode of Luke's English podcast.

我认为这是第117期，所以我们卢克的英语播客依然势头强劲。

I believe this is episode number 117, so we we're we're still going strong here at Luke's English podcast.

要真正理解这一期播客，您最好先听上一期，那期叫《会是你吗？》

Now, to really understand this episode of the podcast, you should probably, listen to the previous one, which was called, Could It Be You?

第116期，会是你吗？

Episode number 116, could it be you?

因为在这期第117期节目中，我将会继续谈论上一期提到的内容。

Because in this episode, a 117, I'm going to be kind of talking about what I was saying in the previous episode.

所以如果你还没听过那一期，最好去听一听。

So you'll probably need to just listen to that one if you haven't done that already.

你还会找到本节目以及上一期节目的完整文字稿，这可是我很大方的地方。

You will also find a tape script for pretty much all of this episode of the podcast, and all of the previous episode as well, which is very generous of me.

当然，你可以通过访问 teacherluke.podomatic.com 或 teacherluke.wordpress.com 来获取这些文字稿，具体取决于我上传这期节目已经过了多久。

Of course, you can find that either by going to teacherluke.podomatic.com or by going to teacherluke.wordpress.com, depending on how long it's been since I uploaded this.

在上一期节目中，我讲了一个故事，说我似乎与一位听众建立了某种神秘的联系。

So in the last episode, I told you a story that I felt I had made some kind of mystical connection with a listener to the podcast.

我感觉自己与某一位听众特别有共鸣，而且在一场生动的梦中，我和那个人进行了一次对话，这促使我写了一份详细的性格分析。

That somehow I had developed a connection with one person in particular, and that in a vivid dream, I had a conversation with that person, which led me to write a detailed personality profile.

然后我朗读了这份性格分析，并邀请你们回应，看看是否觉得这描述的就是你们。

I then read out the personality profile and asked you to respond if you felt it applied to you.

顺便说一下，我现在录制这一集的时间，和录制第116集是同一天。

So by the way, I'm recording this episode now in the same day that I recorded episode 116.

所以我不知道你们的回复是什么。

So I don't know what your responses were.

我完全不知道发生了什么。

I've got no idea what happened.

我不知道是不是很多人回复了，或者大家说了什么。

Don't know if, you know, lots of people responded or what people said.

我一点都不知道。

I've got no idea.

所以在这里我要说，我在第116集中讲的那个故事并不是真的。

So anyway, I must say at this point that the story I told in episode 116 was not true.

所以我根本没有做过梦。

So I didn't have a dream.

我并没有特别与某一位听众产生联系，当然，除了我收到的邮件和评论之外。

I haven't felt a connection with one listener in particular, obviously, beyond the emails and comments which I've received.

整个事情只是一个实验。

And the whole thing was just an experiment.

所以这一切都不是真的。

So none of it was true.

抱歉。

Sorry.

首先，如果你觉得我欺骗了你，我很抱歉，但事实就是这样。

I'm sorry, first of all, if you felt like I've deceived you, but that's just the way it is.

那不是真的。

It wasn't true.

现在让我解释一下。

Now let me explain.

正如我所说，我现在是在录制上一集的同一天录制这段内容，所以我根本不知道我的实验效果如何，是否成功，以及是否有任何人觉得我写的性格分析与他们特别相符。

As I said, I'm recording this now on the same day that I recorded the previous episode, so I have no idea how my experiment went, if it was a success, and if anyone out there felt that the personality profile I wrote related to them in particular.

就我所知，我的实验可能失败了，没有人觉得我在描述他们。

For all I know, my experiment failed, and no one felt I was describing them.

或者你们中有些人听了上一集，真的觉得我描述的就是你们，甚至细致到你们的关系，或者你们膝盖上有一道疤痕这样的细节。

Or maybe some of you listened to that last episode and really felt that I was describing you, even down to quite specific details like your relationships, or if you have a scar on your knee.

我不知道发生了什么，但在这集中，我想解释一下我这个实验的目的。

I have no idea what happened, but in this episode I would like to explain the purpose of my experiment.

如果你们中有人觉得被这个实验欺骗、愚弄或误导了，我也在此真诚地道歉。

I would also like to apologise sincerely if you felt like you've been conned or duped or misled at all by this experiment.

我把这个实验看作一场魔术表演，而魔术表演本质上涉及某种程度的欺骗和谎言。

I see the experiment as being like a magic trick really, and magic tricks involve deception and lying to a point.

但这是合理的，因为它们总是有趣且引人入胜的。

But it is justified because they're always interesting and engaging.

而这正是我制作这些播客时始终追求的目标：有趣、吸引人，并教会你们一些东西。

And that is what I always try to achieve with these podcasts, to be interesting and engaging and to teach you some things.

所以如果我通过这个实验欺骗了你们，我向你们道歉，也希望你们能原谅我。

So if I deceived you with this experiment, I apologize, and I hope that you will forgive me.

现在我想解释一下我自己，这个实验究竟是什么，以及你们是否被它蒙骗了。

Now I would like to explain myself, what the experiment was about, and if you were fooled by it.

我的意思是，如果你觉得我提供的性格分析真的描述了你，那么我想详细解释一下这是如何发生的。

I mean, you felt that the personality profile I really you, really then I would like to explain exactly how that happened.

这一切都可以用语言技巧来解释。

It can all be explained by linguistic tricks.

这里绝对没有真正的魔法、超能力或其他任何神秘力量。

There is certainly no real magic, psychic power, or any other kind of mysticism.

这完全是基础心理学和语言操控的结果。

It's all basic psychology and manipulation of language.

好吧，那么这个实验到底是什么？

Okay, so what was the experiment?

我非常着迷于魔术以及相关领域，比如幻术、读心术、催眠和通灵者。

Well, I'm very interested in magic and related areas such as illusion, mind reading, hypnotism, and psychics.

我所说的魔术，指的是那种让扑克牌消失的手法，或者如何让人无意中选中某张牌。

By magic, I mean the sort of sleight of hand techniques used to make playing cards disappear, or how to fool people into picking a certain card.

我所说的幻术，指的是我们的感官如何被误导，从而看到或看不到某些事物。

By illusion, I mean the way in which our senses can be tricked into seeing or not seeing things.

所谓催眠，是指我们仅仅通过将某些想法暗示到潜意识中，就被说服去做出某些行为或相信某些事情。

By hypnotism, I mean the way we can be convinced to do or believe things simply by suggesting those ideas into our subconscious.

所谓读心术，是指能够窥探某人的内心，并读取其中的想法。

By mind reading, I mean the ability to see into someone's mind and then read what is in there.

至于通灵者，是指那些声称能与亡者沟通、似乎对你了如指掌，却从未与你谋面的人。

And by psychics, I mean those people who claim they can communicate with the dead and who seem to know deep personal information about you, although they have never met you before.

目前我特别感兴趣的是通灵者和读心术士。

It is psychics and mind readers that I'm particularly interested in at the moment.

我想知道，是否真的有人能与亡者沟通，或者是否真的有人能在不与你交谈的情况下读取你的思想。

I want to know if someone really can communicate with the dead, or if someone really can read your mind without even talking to you.

这些东西是真实的，还是虚假的？

Is that stuff real, or is it fake?

老实说，我怀疑这是假的，但我不能确定。

To be honest, I suspect that it's fake, but I can't be sure.

也许有些人真的能读心或与亡者沟通，也许他们只是用了其他技巧来制造出这种假象。

Perhaps some people really can read minds and communicate with the dead, or perhaps they just use other techniques to make it look like they can.

那么，这和我的实验以及播客的最新一期有什么关系呢？

So how does this relate to my experiment, and the latest episode of the podcast?

我想用精心挑选的词语和句子写一份性格分析，看看能否让别人相信我与他们建立了通灵连接。

Well, I wanted to write a personality profile using very carefully selected words and sentences, and I wanted to see if I could convince people that I had made a psychic connection with them.

我还想测试一些我认为通灵者使用的技巧，以证明他们的方法其实是心理作用，而非真正的通灵能力。

I also wanted to test some techniques which I believe are used by psychics, and which could prove that their methods are psychological rather than genuinely psychic.

我想知道，即使不具备真正的通灵能力，是否也能取得同样的效果。

I wanted to know if it was possible to achieve the same results without being genuinely psychic.

显然，我目前还不知道实验的结果，但让我们继续下去。

Obviously, I still don't know the results of my experiment, but still let's proceed.

所以，我的性格分析中充满了所谓的巴纳姆效应陈述。

So my personality profile was full of what is known as Barnum statements.

明白吗？

Okay?

巴纳姆效应陈述。

Barnum statements.

我也必须说，这份性格分析的大部分内容取自一位名叫达伦·布朗的魔术师所写的类似分析，他在英国电视上是一位相当著名的魔术师。

I must also say that much of that personality profile was taken from a similar profile written by a magician called Darren Brown, who's kind of a famous magician on television here in The UK.

他写过一本书，我还在伦敦亲眼看过他的现场表演。

He's written a book, I saw him perform live in London.

他太棒了。

He's amazing.

在他的书里，他写了一份包含大量巴纳姆语句的性格分析。

In his book, he writes a profile, which includes lots of Barnum statements.

老实说，我的分析大部分都是从他的那里抄来的，我改了一些细节，但基本上和他的一样。

I, to be honest, I took most of my profile from his, I changed a few things, but basically it's the same as his.

那么，什么是巴纳姆语句呢？

So what are Barnum statements?

这些语句经过精心措辞，听起来像是对某个人非常具体的描述，但实际上却适用于每个人。

Well, these are sentences which are very carefully worded to sound like very specific descriptions of a person, but which could apply to everyone.

例如：在聚会上，你看起来非常社交和外向，也许健谈、幽默又开朗。

For example: At a party, you appear to be very social and outgoing, perhaps talkative, funny, and outgoing.

但聚会结束后，你会变得相当内省，甚至会仔细思考你和别人说过的话，担心别人对你的看法。

But after the party, you become quite introspective, and you might even think carefully about what you and other people said, and worry about how other people see you.

事实上，有时你在聚会上会感到疏离，仿佛自己只是在演一部电影中的角色，与其他人相隔千里。

In fact, sometimes when you're at a party, you feel disconnected, as if you're just playing a part in a movie, and you are a million miles away from other people.

虽然这句话看起来很具体，但实际上非常笼统。

Now, although the sentence seems specific, it's actually very general.

当然，如果你在聚会上，你就会表现得外向且社交。

Of course, if you are at a party, you will act in a in an outgoing and social way.

这是聚会的规则，但这可能并不是你真实的自我。

Those are the rules of a party, But it might not be who you really are.

当然，我们都会在意别人对我们的看法。

Of course, we all worry about what other people think of us.

我们都会向世界展示某个版本的自己，并担心别人对我们的评价。

We all present a certain version of ourselves to the world, and worry about what other people think.

这是每个人都会经历的事情。

That is something which everyone experiences.

所以，巴纳姆陈述看似具体，但实际上只是描述了我们都能够产生共鸣的事情。

So the Barnum statement seems specific, but it's just describing something that we can all relate to.

其中还有其他一些陈述适用于每个人。

There are other statements in there that could apply to everyone.

例如：你膝盖或腿上有一道疤痕，那是你小时候发生意外留下的。

For example: You have a scar on your knee or leg, which is a result of an accident you had when you were younger.

我们大多数人膝盖或腿上都有疤痕。

Well, most of us have a scar on our knee or leg.

这是最常出现疤痕的地方。

It's the most common place to have a scar.

而且当然，这是由于一次意外造成的。

And of course, it happened because of an accident.

没人会故意在腿上弄出一道疤痕，对吧？

No one really intends to give themself a scar on the leg, do they?

而且当然，这件事发生在你年轻的时候。

And of course, it happened when you were younger.

所以虽然这个说法看起来很具体，但实际上非常笼统，可能适用于每个人。

So although this statement seems specific, it's actually very general and may apply to everyone.

这些说法在星座、读心术和通灵解读中经常被使用。

These statements are used in horoscopes, mind reading and psychic reading all the time.

星座当然就是那些声称通过观察星象来预测你命运的说法。

Horoscopes of course are those ones that claim that they can read your destiny by looking at the stars.

它们包括了各种星象，比如双子座、摩羯座、天秤座、巨蟹座、双鱼座等等。

And they include you know all the star signs like Gemini, Capricorn, Libra, Cancer, Pisces, so on.

这就是星座，明白吗？

That's horoscopes, okay?

所以它们也经常包含巴纳姆效应式的说法。

So they they often contain Barnum statements as well.

如果你说实话，如果你拿一堆星座运势，把星象名称去掉，然后发给一群人，他们会很可能把这些内容套用到自己身上，即使你知道，如果他们以为那是自己的星座运势，他们也会努力让它符合自己，即使那其实是别人的星座运势。

If you to be honest, if you take a bunch of horoscopes, and you just take the name of the the star sign away from it, and you hand them out to a group of people, you know, they will probably make them fit themselves, even if they you know, if they believe that that is their horoscope, then they will probably make it fit, even though it might be the horoscope for someone else.

所以这些说法在星座、读心术和通灵解读中经常被使用。

So these statements are used in horoscopes, mind reading, and psychic reading all the time.

它们只是人们制造读心幻觉的复杂方式中的一小部分。

They're just a small part of the complex way in which people give the illusion of reading your mind.

当被读心的人希望这些话有道理时，这种技巧会变得更加有效。

The technique becomes even more effective when the person being read wants it to make sense.

你知道，这个人就会开始寻找这些话与自己契合的方式。

You know, the person then starts to look for ways in which the sentences fit.

如果你真的相信读心术，你就希望它能奏效，因此你会找到方法让这些话与你的个性相符。

If you really believe in mind reading, then you will want it to work, and so you will find ways to make the statements relate to your personality.

例如，如果你读到这句话：'你小时候曾发生过与水有关的意外有关的水事件。'

For example, if you read the sentence You had an accident as a child that involved water.

你可能会在记忆中搜寻自己童年时与水有关的意外经历，并强行将其对号入座。

You might search your memory for an accident that you had as a child that involved water, and make it fit.

再加上儿童经常发生与水有关的意外这一事实。

Add that to the fact that it's very common for children to have accidents with water.

想一想，我敢肯定你小时候一定有过与水有关的意外。

Think about it, I'm sure you had an accident involving water as a child.

我有。

I did.

我曾经和爸爸去钓鱼时掉进过一条运河。

I fell into a canal once when I was fishing with my dad.

我哥哥把热水洒在了胳膊上。

My brother spilled hot water on his arm.

这很常见。

It's very common.

所以这里还有一些更具体的陈述例子，它们听起来很具体，但实际上适用于任何人。

So here are some more examples of statements, which sound specific, but which could apply to anyone.

明白吗？

Okay?

这些都来自这个播客上一集中的那个人的描述。

And these are all taken from the profile in the previous episode of this podcast.

好的，我感觉到你目前正和某个朋友或家人经历一些紧张关系。

Okay, so I sense that you are experiencing some tension at the moment with a friend or relative.

嗯，你很可能正和朋友或家人之间有些紧张关系。

Well, it's highly likely that you're experiencing tension with a friend or family member.

在任何一天，总会有那么一个人让我觉得难相处。

On any given day, there's always someone who I'm having trouble with.

可能是我父母，可能是我兄弟，也可能是个朋友。

It could be my parents, could be my brother, could be a friend.

如果你希望这句话贴合你，那我肯定你能找到与之匹配的地方。

Now, if you want it to fit, then I'm sure you will find something which matches that statement.

好好想想。

Think about it.

我打赌你生活中一定有个人——朋友或家人——让你感到有些紧张。

I bet that there's someone in your life, a friend, family member that you're experiencing some tension with.

如果你愿意，你完全可以把这句话套用在自己身上。

You could probably make that fit if you wanted to.

下一句话是：我觉得你是个很有主见的人，你喜欢自己做决定。

The next statement is, I feel you're quite an independently minded person, and you'd like to make up your own mind about things.

谁不会觉得自己是独立思考的人呢？

Well, who doesn't feel that they are independently minded?

每个人都希望自己是独立的。

Everyone wants to feel they are independent.

如果你不独立，那你是啥？

If you're not independent, then what are you?

你就是一群羊中的一个，没人想当羊。

You're a sheep or something, and no one wants to be a sheep.

所以你很可能会相信这句话适用于你，因为你希望它是真的。

So it's likely that you're going to believe that that applies to you, because you want it to be true.

另一句话是：一般来说，你是个开朗友好的人，但过去也曾有过一段非常沮丧的时期。

Another statement is Generally, you are a cheerful and friendly person, but there has been a time in the past when you were very upset.

你偶尔还会想起那个时刻，还没有完全走出阴影或处理好它，但迟早会的。

You still think about that moment sometimes, and you haven't fully got over it, or dealt with it yet, but you will in time.

每个人都有过过去感到沮丧的时刻，偶尔还会回想起来。

Well, everyone has a time in the past that they were when they were upset, and which they think about sometimes.

这可能是分手，也可能是考试失败，或者是家人去世。

It could be a breakup, could be an exam failure, it could be a death in the family.

这些事情总是需要时间来处理，对吧？

These things always take time to deal with, don't they?

接下来的陈述是，我相信这很可能让你考虑过写一部小说之类的，但害怕无法实现自己想要的效果，所以你迟迟没有开始。

Okay, the next statement is, I believe, very much this will likely lead you to having considered writing a novel or some such, but a fear that you won't be able to achieve quite what you want stops you from getting on with it.

不过，每个人都会考虑写一部小说或创作某种艺术作品，但几乎没人能真正完成，因为写完一部小说非常困难。

Well, but everyone considers writing a novel or creating some work of art, but hardly anyone actually achieves it, because it's very hard to finish a novel.

但写小说是一件极其个人化的事情。

But writing a novel is an intensely personal thing.

同样，这一点可能适用于任何人，却让人感觉非常个人化和具体。

Again, this could apply to anyone and feels very personal and specific.

另一个陈述是，你与父母的关系——我感觉这里有一方已经不在了，或者至少在情感上缺席了——正面临一些压力。

Another statement, your relationship with your parents, and I get the feeling here that one is no longer around, or at least emotionally absent, is under some strain.

同样，每个人与父母之间都有一些问题。

Again, everyone has some issue with their parents.

这就是亲子关系的本质。

That is the nature of the parent child relationship.

我想不出有谁和父母的关系是完全完美的。

I can't think of anyone who is completely fine with their parents.

然后，关于我感觉其中一方已不在或情感上缺席的部分，也可能适用于每个人。

Then the bit about I get the feeling that one is not around or is emotionally absent could apply to everyone too.

要么你的父母中有一位已经去世，如果这不适用于你，那么可能是关于其中一方情感上疏远的那句话。

Either one of your parents has died, and if that doesn't apply to you, then maybe the line about one being emotionally absent.

我认为，我们中有些人失去过父母是很常见的，而感到父母中有一方在情感上不如你希望的那样亲近，甚至更常见。

And I think again it's common for some of us to have lost a parent, and even more common to feel that one of your parents is not as emotionally close to you as you would like.

另一句话：你还会有一种奇怪的感觉，觉得自己本该出生在另一个世纪，仿佛你更适合过去的某个时代。

Another statement: There's also an odd feeling that you should have been born in a different century, like you feel that you would be more suited to another time in the past.

感到自己不属于这个时代是非常常见的，既然我们对过去了解得相当清楚，就可以随意挑选一个适合自己的过去时代。

Again, it's very common to feel that you don't really belong in this time, and that since we understand the past pretty well, we can just pick a time which suits us in the past.

例如，我经常想象自己如果生活在六十年代会多么完美，主要是因为那个时代的音乐深深吸引着我。

For example, I often imagine that I would be perfect for life in the sixties, mainly because the music which was made then really appeals to me.

但实际上，我在1960年代会格格不入。

In reality, I'd be terribly out of place in the 1960s.

另一个说法是，看看你的生活空间，会发现一盒没整理进相册的照片、过期的药品、没扔掉的破损物品，以及早已过时的便条。

Another statement here is a look around your living space would show a box of photos not organised into albums, out of date medicines, broken items not thrown out, and notes to yourself which are significantly out of date.

好吧，每个人家里都有一盒照片，这也是占卜师最常用的一句话。

Okay, well everyone has a box of photos in their home, and this is one of the most common lines which psychics use.

照片非常私密，而我们每个人家里都有照片，尤其是那些没放进相册的，毕竟谁有时间把所有照片都整理进相册呢？

Photos are very personal and private, and yet we all have them in our homes, especially ones which are not in an album, because who has time to put all their photos in an album?

还有关于过期药品和破损物品的说法——仔细想想，这些其实我们家里都有。

Also, the stuff about out of date medicines and broken items Again, these are things we all have in our homes when you think about it.

这样的说法还有很多。

The list goes on.

这些陈述中的许多都是为了恭维你。

Many of these statements are designed to flatter you.

我的意思是，说一些关于你的好话。

By that, mean to kind of, you know, to say very nice things about you.

这些说法中的很多都是为了奉承你，比如你说你有很棒的幽默感。

So many of the statements are designed to flatter you, such as the line about you having a fantastic sense of humor.

每个人都喜欢相信自己有很好的幽默感。

Well, everyone loves to believe they have a good sense of humor.

谁会说自己没有幽默感呢？

Who would say they didn't have a good sense of humor?

我们很可能觉得这些话就是在说我们自己。

It's very likely that we would believe that applies to us.

所以，这些说法的诀窍在于让它们听起来很具体，但实际上尽可能宽泛，以便让人们能自行对号入座。

So basically, the trick with these statements is to make them sound specific, but actually to make them as general as possible, to allow people to really make them fit.

自然地，我们都会寻找方法让这些描述符合自己。

Naturally, we all look for ways to make the description fit us.

所以，真正做功的是你。

So it is you who does all the work.

读心者抛出一些听起来很笼统的说法，而受试者则让它们变得贴切。

The mind reader throws out general sounding statements, and the subject makes them fit.

当然，事情没那么简单。

Now, it's not as simple as that, of course.

读心术是一种复杂的艺术，需要大量技巧，尤其是在真人或观众面前现场表演时。

Mind reading is a complex art form and involves a lot of skill, especially when doing it live in front of a person or in front of a crowd.

但如果通灵者足够自信且技艺高超，他或她能让现场读心显得更加令人惊叹。

But if the psychic is confident and skilled enough, he or she can make a live reading even more impressive.

以下是一些通灵者在观众面前进行现场读心的方式。

Here are some of here are some ways that a psychic might do live readings in front of a crowd.

第一。

Number one.

通灵者声称自己与亡者沟通，但传来的信息却很模糊。

The psychic claims to be in communication with the dead, but the messages that come in are vague.

一开始信息就模糊，这不是很有趣吗？

Isn't it funny that the messages are vague at first?

难道亡者不应该从一开始就清晰明确地表达他们的信息吗？

Surely the dead would just come out with their statement clearly from the beginning.

但灵媒从不为此给出合理的解释。

Psychics never give a good reason for this though.

第二点。

Number two.

读心术会从一个名字，甚至只是一个字母开始。

The reading will begin with a name or even just a letter.

灵媒会说：我感受到一个Anna，或者可能是Anne。

The psychic will say, I'm getting an Anna or maybe an Anne.

观众中有谁觉得这有道理吗？

Does that make sense to anyone in the audience?

然后观众中的每个人都会试着回想自己认识的叫Anna、Anne或Annie的人。

Then each person in the audience tries to think of someone they know with the name Anna, Anne, or Annie.

因为他们想联系已故的亲人，所以会寻找名叫Anne或Anna的已故亲人。

Because they want to contact a dead relative, they will search for a dead relative called Anne or Anna.

这是一个非常常见的名字。

It's a very common name.

观众中肯定有人会说‘是的’，因为他们有已故的亲人或认识的人叫安娜。

Surely someone in the audience will say yes because they have a dead relative or someone else called Anna.

所以，通灵者立刻就得到了一个‘命中’。

So immediately, the psychic has got a hit.

然后，通灵者会继续做出更笼统的陈述，并让对方自己解释这些话如何与他们的情况相符。

Then the psychic continues by making more general statements, and letting the person explain how they make sense.

第三点。

Number three.

通灵者会使用否定性陈述。

The psychic will use negative statements.

例如，这个人是不是没有遭遇过与水有关的事故？

For example, this person didn't have an accident involving water, did he?

现在用的是否定句，而不是肯定句——肯定句会是：这个人遭遇过与水有关的事故，但通灵者却用了否定形式。

Now negative statements rather than positive, which is the positive version would be This person had an accident involving water, but instead it's negative.

这个人是不是没有遭遇过与水有关的事故？

This person didn't have an accident involving water, did he?

像这样的负面陈述很有效，因为无论是肯定还是否定的回答，都会显得像是对上了。

Negative statements like this are effective because both a yes or a no answer will look like a success or a hit.

例如：她没有遭遇过与水有关的事故，对吧？

For example: She didn't have an accident with water, did she?

没有。

No.

不，我就觉得不是这样。

No, I didn't think so.

或者她没有遭遇过与水有关的事故，对吧？

Or she didn't have an accident involving water, did she?

是的，她确实有。

Yes, she did.

啊，对。

Ah, yes.

这正是她告诉我的。

That's what she's saying to me.

第四点。

Number four.

通灵者将重点放在被读的人身上。

The psychic puts the emphasis on the person being read.

所以如果通灵者说，我感受到一些关于狗或宠物的信息，而对方说‘没有’，那么通灵者可能会说：‘但我确实感受到一些关于狗的信息。’

So if the psychic says something like, I'm getting something about a dog or a pet, and the person says, No, then the psychic may may say, Well, I'm definitely getting something about a dog.

你能更努力一点吗？

Can you work harder?

或者，这明显是关于狗的，所以你要去好好想想这意味着什么。

Or, well, it's definitely a dog, so I want you to go away and really think about what that means.

然后，对方就要负责找到与狗相关的联系。

And then the person is responsible for finding a connection to a dog.

第五点。

Number five.

通灵者利用被测者的反馈来调整信息。

The psychic uses the information from the subject to change the message.

比如，我感觉到有关于一只狗的信息。

For example, I'm getting something about a dog.

不，我们没养过狗。

No, we didn't have a dog.

嗯，也许是宠物，比如狗或猫，家里某种动物。

Well, it's a pet maybe, a dog or a cat, an animal of some kind in the family.

是的，我祖父以前养过鸡。

Well, yes, my grandfather used to have chickens.

啊，对，就是这个。

Ah, yes, that's it.

是鸡。

It was chickens.

他现在依然为他的鸡感到开心，他想让你知道，即使到现在他依然享受着养鸡的乐趣。

Well, he's still happy with his chickens, and he wants you to know that even now he enjoys his chickens.

明白吗？

Alright?

好的。

Okay.

所以这些技巧还有很多。

So the list of techniques goes on.

当观众非常希望相信这些是真实的，并努力让所有信息都吻合时，所有这些方法都非常有效。

All of it works very effectively when the audience really wants to believe it's true, and so tries to make all the information fit.

好吧，你可能不同意我的观点。

Okay, now, you might not agree with me.

你可能相信通灵者是真实的，人们真的能读心，并且这是由于超自然活动或能力。

You might believe that psychics are real, that people really can read minds, and that it's because of paranormal activity or powers.

这没关系。

That's fine.

正如我所说，我保持开放的心态，如果能被证明是真的，我愿意相信。

Like I said, I have an open mind, and I'm willing to believe it if it's proved to be true.

问题是，当这些超自然能力在科学条件下进行测试时，它们根本就无效。

The problem is, when these paranormal skills are tested under scientific conditions, then they just never work.

那么，可能会有人辩称，实验室或其他科学手段会抑制超能力。

Then the argument might be that a laboratory or other scientific skills will block the psychic skills.

于是我们就有了一个无法检验的主张。

So then we have a claim which cannot be tested.

这就像说我的后院里有一艘UFO，但你看不到它，因为它隐形了。

It's like saying I have a UFO in my back garden, but you can't see it because it's invisible.

如果你试图进行科学测试来发现它，它就会消失。

And if you try to do a scientific test to find it, then it will disappear.

所以我是个怀疑论者。

So I'm a sceptic.

明白吗？

Okay?

如果超自然主张能被科学证明，我非常愿意相信。

I'm quite willing to believe in paranormal claims if they can be proven scientifically.

而且我并不是唯一一个这样的人。

And I'm not the only one.

有些人毕生致力于探究超自然主张是否真的成立。

Some people have devoted their whole lives to trying to find out if paranormal claims are really true.

有一位名叫詹姆斯·兰迪的魔术师，他走遍全球测试各种超自然主张。

There's a magician called James Randy, who goes around the world testing paranormal claims.

你可以在YouTube上看到他的许多测试。

You can see many of his tests on YouTube.

它们似乎总是表明，所谓的超自然能力根本不是超自然的。

They all they always seem to show that the paranormal skill is not paranormal at all.

当然，在科学条件下，这些能力根本不起作用。

Certainly, under scientific conditions, the skills don't work.

最终，我认为这取决于你愿意相信什么。

In the end, I think it comes down to what you want to believe.

如果你相信世界上存在超自然力量，那么即使没有真正的科学证据，你也会相信。

If you want to believe there are paranormal powers in the world, then you will, even if there is no genuine scientific evidence.

关于通灵者，我认为有几种可能性。

Regarding psychics, I think there are a few possibilities.

第一种情况，通灵者确实拥有通灵能力。

Number one, the psychic genuinely does have psychic powers.

他们能与亡者沟通等，但不知为何，这些能力在测试条件下会消失。

They can communicate with the dead, etc, but for some reason, these skills disappear under testing conditions.

尽管我们不知道为什么会这样。

Although why this happens, we don't know.

第二种情况，通灵者根本没有超能力，而是使用秘密技巧，比如巴纳姆效应陈述等来伪装。

Number two, the psychic does not have any powers, but uses secret techniques like Barnum statements, etc, in order to fake it.

通灵者欺骗观众，利用失去亲人的家庭成员，通过撒谎来赚钱。

The psychics are deceiving their audience, audience, exploiting people who have lost members of their family, and making money by lying to people.

或者第三种情况。

Or number three.

通灵者没有魔法能力，但相信自己拥有。

The psychic does not have magic powers, but believes that he or she does.

他或她使用的是正常方法而非超自然方法，却深信自己的胡言乱语，以至于真的认为自己拥有通灵能力。

He or she uses normal methods not paranormal ones and yet believes his or her own bullshit, to the point that he or she really thinks that he or she has psychic powers.

嗯，第三种情况是有可能的。

Well, option three IS possible.

也许一些通灵者真的相信自己具有通灵能力。

Maybe some psychics believe their own claims to be psychic.

也许他们使用的是非通灵的方法，但却将这些方法误解为通灵能力的证据，而实际上还有其他解释。

Maybe they use non psychic methods, but interpret them as evidence of psychic power, when actually there are other explanations.

我个人认为，大多数通灵者都是在骗人，但如果不对他们进行测试，我无法确定。

Personally, I believe that most psychics are faking it, but I can't be sure without testing them.

有趣的是，詹姆斯·兰迪如此开明，他曾公开悬赏一百万英镑，奖励任何能在科学条件下证明其方法有效的通灵者。

It's interesting that James Randi is so open minded that he has famously offered a £1,000,000 prize to any psychic who can prove that their method works under scientific conditions.

迄今为止，还没有人赢得这一百万英镑，这究竟意味着什么？

To date, no one has won the £1,000,000 So what does this all mean?

我认为，这意味着我们必须警惕那些声称自己拥有通灵能力，并以此向我们敛财的人。

I think it means that we have to be careful of people who claim they have psychic powers, and then use that claim to get money from us.

相信别人拥有这些能力对我们来说是很危险的。

It's dangerous for us to believe that people have these powers.

把信任寄托在这些只想欺骗我们、骗取我们钱财的人身上是危险的。

It's dangerous to put our trust in these people who just want to deceive us and get our money.

我也认为这样撒谎在道德上是错误的。

I also think it's morally wrong for people to lie like this.

我尤其认为，利用人们的悲痛和与已故亲人重聚的愿望来牟利，在道德上是极其错误的。

I especially think it's morally wrong for people to use people's grief and desire to connect with dead family members to get money.

然而，也许重要的是，如果这些悲痛的人们真的从通灵解读中获得了真正的慰藉，离开时感到快乐和满足，那么即使这一切都是谎言，或许也可以接受，也无关紧要。

Still, maybe what's important is that if these grief stricken people do get genuine relief from psychic readings, if they do go away happy and satisfied, maybe it's okay, and it doesn't matter if it's all lies.

如果人们在通灵解读后感到快乐，或许这些谎言可以被结果所正当化。

Perhaps the lies are justified by the outcome if people feel happy after a psychic reading.

谁知道呢？

Who knows?

有一件事是确定的：这是一个复杂而引人入胜的问题，我们至今仍未完全理解。

One thing is certain it's a complex and fascinating issue which we still don't fully understand.

我想听听你的看法。

I want to know your opinions.

首先，你对我的实验有什么看法？

First of all, what did you think of my experiment?

它成功了吗？

Did it work?

我这么做错了吗？

Was I wrong to do it?

也许它没有成功，因为我不是专家。

Perhaps it didn't work because I'm not a specialist.

那是我第一次做这件事。

It was it was the first time I'd done it.

而且可能因为像这样通过互联网进行根本行不通。

And because doing it over the internet like that maybe just doesn't work.

你对通灵者怎么看？

What do you think of psychics?

他们真的有超能力，还是都是假的？

Do they really have powers, or is it fake?

说他们与逝者沟通，让人因已故亲人的回忆而哭泣，这有错吗？

Is it wrong to say that they contact dead people and make people cry over the memory of a dead relative?

还是说这没什么问题？

Or is it okay?

你曾经做过灵媒占卜吗？

Have you ever had a psychic reading?

发生了什么？

What happened?

请在本播客节目的评论区留下你的看法。

Please do leave your comments under this podcast episode.

非常期待了解你的观点。

Fascinated to know your side of the story.

现在，我想播放一些关于这个主题的录音。

Now, I'd like to play you some recordings on this subject.

首先，我会播放一段电视节目的音频片段，其中一位伟大的魔术师达伦·布朗——我已在本节目的开头提到过他——在三个国家的三组人群中进行了我和你一起做的实验。

First, I'll play you the audio track of a clip from a TV show in which a great magician called Darren Brown I've already mentioned him at the beginning of this episode a clip in which Darren Brown conducts the experiment, which I did with you, on three groups of people in three different countries.

从这段录音中，你会看到这个实验是成功的。

And you'll see from the recording that the experiment is a success.

第二个片段是关于达伦·布朗对通灵者、巴纳姆效应及其他技巧的访谈。

The second clip, is an interview with Darren Brown about psychics, Barnum statements, and other techniques.

第三个片段是一位通灵者进行冷读的实录，你可以亲自聆听整个过程，观察他们是如何操作的，并试着识别出我在本集中所解释的一些技巧。

And the third clip is of a psychic doing some cold reading, so you can actually listen to it happening, you can listen to the way in which they do it, and see if you can identify some of the techniques which I explained in this episode.

希望你们喜欢这些片段。

So I hope you enjoy these clips.

当然，你也可以在网站上以YouTube视频的形式观看这些内容。

You can also see them on the website in as YouTube videos, of course.

现在，我将播放第一个片段，这是达伦·布朗进行性格分析实验的录像，这个实验我和你们在上一集中做过。

So I will now let you listen to the first clip, which is Darren Brown conducting the personality profile experiment, which I did with you in the last episode.

我可能会做一些解释，因为有些内容你单靠听可能无法理解，你可能需要观看视频才能真正明白其中的一些细节。

I might just give some explanations, because there may be some things that you can't, you know, you have to see, you probably need to watch the video to really understand some of these things.

所以我会为你们做一些说明。

So I might explain some things for you.

这是达伦·布朗正在进行他的个性测评实验。

Here's Darren Brown doing his experiment with these personality profiles.

明白吗？

Okay?

你认为占星师、手相师之类的人真的能完全了解你吗？

Do you think astrologists, palm readers, and the like can really tell everything about you?

你的性格真的能通过出生日期、手掌或感知振动来读取吗？

That your personality can be read from your birth date, your hand, or from sensing vibrations?

很有可能。

Very possible.

和往常一样，这里的志愿者完全不知道我们要做什么。

As ever, the volunteers here have no idea of what we're about to do.

我要请你们每个人拿一张纸，把你们的手掌轮廓描在纸上。

I'm gonna ask each of you to take a sheet of paper and to draw around your hand on the paper.

笔就是用来做这个的。

That's what the pens are for.

做完之后，在纸上写下你的出生日期。

And when you've done that, to write on the paper your birth date.

如果你知道的话，出生时间也会非常有帮助。

And if you know it, time of birth as well will very useful.

第三，拿一件你随身携带的个人物品。

And thirdly, to take some personal object that you have on you.

请不要选择任何一眼就能认出是你的东西。

Please don't choose anything that is immediately recognizable as being yours.

你们要把这些东西放进编号的信封里。

You're gonna put them into one of the numbered envelopes.

放哪个信封都无所谓。

It does not matter which one.

这种做法

Does that kind

清楚吗

of make sense to

你们都明白了吗？

you all?

好的。

Alright.

我会转过身去。

I will look the other way.

如果你们现在能为我做到这一点，那就太好了。

If you can do that for me now, that would be great.

任何纸张、任何笔、任何信封都可以。

Any bit of paper, obviously, any pen, any envelope.

好的。

Okay.

所以达伦让他们写下自己的名字、出生日期和出生时间，在纸上描出自己的手形，并随身携带一件私人物品，比如戒指或口袋里的东西，把它们全部放进一个信封里。

So Darren has asked them to write their names, their dates of birth, and their the time of their birth, and to draw around their hand on a piece of paper, and also to take some personal item, could be a ring or something like that, something in your pocket, and put it put them all into an envelope.

现在，这一切都是这个魔术的一部分。

Now this is all part of the trick.

这旨在让人觉得，通过提供这些个人信息，他们正在帮助达伦读懂他们的个性。

This is meant to make the, people feel like somehow by giving up this personal information that this is contributing to Darren's ability to read their personalities.

所以这一切都是这个把戏的一部分。

So that's all part of it.

现在，在我进行的网络实验中，我没有这么做。

Now in my experiment over the Internet, I didn't do that.

我只是试图让你相信，我 somehow 拥有某种特殊能力，能够读取一个人的心思。

I just had to try and convince you that somehow I had sort of special powers, and I was able to read the mind of one person.

我希望你们所有人都会觉得，除了一个人之外，其他人都是如此。

I was hoping that all of you would feel like you without one person.

现在，在达伦进行的这个实验中，是的，他只是要求他们提供一些信息，比如手的轮廓、个人物品、姓名、出生日期，而他声称这些信息能帮助他识别出他们的深层性格特征。

Now in this experiment that Darren is doing, yeah, he's just asked them to, like, give up some things like an outline of the hand, personal item, name, date of birth, and that somehow using this, that's going to help him identify their deep personality traits.

实际上，当人们认为自己正在向读心者提供这些个人物品时，就会觉得这能帮助他施展魔法，这种想法似乎真的有效。

Actually, it seems to work that when people think that they're giving something to the mind reader, like these personal objects, that that is somehow going to help him with the magic.

看到这种机制如何起作用，确实很有趣。

It's quite interesting, really, to see, how that's working.

顺便说一下，在这一集的这个片段中，他有三组人，一组在英国，一组在西班牙，还有一组在英国。

By the way, in this episode, in this clip, he's got three he's got three groups, a person, a group in The UK, a group in Spain, and a group in The UK.

所以我来解释一下西班牙人说的是什么。

So I'll explain what the Spanish people are saying.

请把你的出生日期写在纸上，放进任何你选择的信封里，再附上一件个人物品。

You put your birth date on the paper into any envelope you like along with some personal item, please.

都完成了吗？

All done?

是的。

Yes.

能不能请一个人把所有信封混在一起，并保管好，让那个人也拿着全部五个信封？

Can I get somebody just to mix up all the envelopes and hang on to them so that person has all five envelopes as well?

请记住你们的编号。

Remember your numbers please.

这是你们日后识别正确信封的唯一方法，我现在会过来和你们交谈。

That's the only way you're going to be able to identify the correct envelope later on and I will come around now and talk to you.