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你正在收听卢克的英语播客。
You're listening to Luke's English podcast.
如需更多信息，请访问 teacherluke.podomatic.com。
For more information, visit teacherluke.podomatic.com.
大家好。
Hello, folks.
欢迎来到卢克英语播客的又一期节目。
Welcome to another episode of Luke's English podcast.
这个播客专为世界上所有希望以最佳方式提高英语水平的人打造，他们在网上寻找有趣且有助于学习英语作为第二语言的播客和资源，我想是这样的。
This is the podcast for all those people in the world who are trying to improve their English in the best way possible, and they're searching online for interesting podcasts and resources to help them learn English as a second language, I'd imagine.
我不知道有没有只把英语作为母语的人听这个播客，比如那些单纯为了娱乐，或者因为对观察自己的语言感到有趣而收听的人。
I don't know if there are any people who listen to this who only speak English as a first language, you know, people who just sort of listen just for entertainment or just because they find it interesting to look at their own language.
我偶尔会收到一些像教师这样的听众的邮件，他们显然已经会说英语了，但仍然因为太喜欢这个节目而坚持收听，享受其中，并推荐给学生，有时还会在课堂上使用。
I do get the odd bit of email contact from people like teachers, for example, who obviously know how to speak English already, but they still listen to the show just because they like it so much, they enjoy it, and they recommend it to their students, and they use it in their classes sometimes.
如今，卢克英语播客真是非常受欢迎。
It's just, you know, it's just incredibly popular, Luke's English podcast these days.
这真的太不可思议了。
It's it's it really is incredible.
我现在在Podomatic.com的我的类别中排名第一。
I'm actually number one in my category on podomatic.com now.
排名第一，就在Podomatic.com的教育语言板块中。
Number one, that's it, in the, education languages section of podomatic.com.
Luke的英语播客现在位居榜首。
Luke's English podcast is up there at number one.
没错。
That's right.
我这个播客每三十天的下载量超过两万次。
And I get over 20,000 downloads of this podcast every thirty days.
但我仍然认为，相对于世界上学习英语的庞大人群——他们希望以真实、准确、自然的方式学习英语——我的听众比例还是很小的。我相信，当他们最终发现Luke的英语播客时，也会订阅它，并发现它对他们的帮助极大。
And I still think that's a tiny proportion of the potential audience that I have out there in the world, considering the number of people who are learning English and they want to do it in an authentic, correct, natural way, I think that eventually when they discover Luke's English podcast, they'll also be subscribing to this, and they'll find it helps them incredibly.
当然，我要提醒一下，如果你觉得这个播客有用，并希望我继续制作更多内容，请慷慨地给我一点小额捐赠。
I must remind you, of course, that if you do find the podcast useful and you'd like me to do more, then please be generous enough to offer me a small donation.
你可以通过访问我的网站来做到这一点，网址是 http://teacherluke.podomatic.com。
You can do that by visiting my website, which is httpcolon//teacherluke.podomatic.com.
如果你访问这个网站，会在右上角看到一个写着“通过PayPal捐赠”的小按钮。
And if you go on to that site, you'll see a little button on the right near the top that says donate using PayPal.
要捐赠的话，你需要有一个PayPal账户。
Now you need to have a PayPal account in order to donate.
但请记住，如果你经常收听这个播客并觉得它有用，请一定捐一些钱给我，因为我需要这笔钱来支付Podomatic服务的费用，我每个月都要为此付费。
But please, if you listen to this regularly and you find it useful, please do donate some money to me because I need that money to help me pay for the Podomatic service, which I actually pay for every month.
所以，我以前也说过，如果你不捐赠，我就无法继续制作播客了。
So, basically, I've said this before, if you don't donate, then I won't be able to do any more podcast.
所以，没有捐赠就意味着没有播客，很遗憾。
So no donations means no podcasts, I'm afraid.
因此，你们捐赠得越多，我就越能持续制作这些内容？
So the more that you donate, the more I can I can actually do these?
你可能会觉得，既然我每个月有两万名听众，那我应该收到很多捐赠。
Now you might think that because I've got 20,000 listeners every month that I'm getting loads of donations.
嗯，我确实没有。
Well, I I don't.
我没有。
I don't.
我上一次收到捐款是在四个多星期前。
The last time I got a donation was over four weeks ago.
我觉得，如果我不提醒我的听众这些事，他们就不会去做，因为他们觉得这是免费的服务，我不需要付钱。
I think if I don't remind my listeners of these things, then they don't really do it, you know, because they think it's a free service, I don't have to pay.
好吧。
Fine.
但请记住，我确实为上传这些内容付了钱，这公平吧？
But do bear in mind that I pay to actually put these on, so it's fair, isn't it?
如果你能回赠我一点点钱，那是公平的。
It's fair if you were to just give me a little bit of money back.
我的意思是，只要几美元就足够了，真的。
I mean, just a few dollars is enough, really.
在这一集中，你们将听到学习者在说英语时经常犯的一些常见错误。
So in this episode, you're gonna hear about some common errors which learners of English make regularly when they speak English.
我已经教英语大约十年了，每天都在全职教学。
Now I've been teaching English for about ten years now, and I teach permanently full time every day.
在过去十年里，几乎我工作的每一天，我都在听学习者说英语。
And for the last ten years, almost every day of my working life, I've been listening to learners of English speaking.
当然，因为他们正在学习这门语言，所以会犯各种各样的错误。
And, of course, because, they're learning the language, they make various mistakes.
现在，英语学习者或以英语为第二语言的人所犯的大多数错误，通常都是受到母语影响的结果。
Now, most mistakes that, learners of English or speakers of English as a second language will make will be as a result of influence from their first language.
这可能是错误发生的最主要原因。
It's probably the main reason why mistakes happen.
比如，他们会在自己的语言中以某种方式构造句子，或者某种语法形式或词汇结构在他们的语言中行得通，但无法准确翻译成英语。
Just because they, for example, will structure a sentence in a certain way in their language, or there's a certain kind of grammatical form or lexical kind of construction which works in their language but doesn't quite translate into English.
结果就是，你会看到这些典型的错误或常见失误。
And the result is you get these kind of typical mistakes or typical errors.
我每天都会听到这些错误。
Now I hear these errors every day.
最近，我开始整理一份清单，记录下我每天从英语学习者那里听到的一些最常见错误。
And what I've what I did recently is I started to write a little list of some of the most common mistakes which I hear on a daily basis from learners of English.
我还咨询了我在学校工作的其他老师，收集了他们经常听到的一些错误。
I've also spoken to my colleagues, the other teachers who I work with at my school, and I've collected a few mistakes that they often hear as well.
所以，接下来我会逐一讲解这份错误清单，并说明正确的表达方式。
So what I'm going to do is go through that list of errors and just explain the corrections for them.
明白吗？
Okay?
无论你是来自欧洲的听众，比如西班牙、法国、意大利或德国，我确实有成百上千的欧洲听众。
So whether you're a listener from Europe, you know, Spain or or France or Italy or Germany, I mean, I get I get hundreds and hundreds of listeners from Europe.
或者如果你来自南美洲，说葡萄牙语或西班牙语，或者来自中东阿拉伯语地区，又或者你来自亚洲国家，比如日本、韩国、中国，或者其他许多国家，当然还有俄罗斯。
Or if you're from South America and you speak Portuguese or Spanish or you're from somewhere kind of, in The Middle East somewhere, you know, in the Arabic speaking world, or maybe you're you're from an Asian country, maybe even Japan or Korea or China, or all of the other many countries, Russia, of course.
我的听众遍布世界各地，因为我会遇到从全球各地来的英语学习者。
I mean, there are so many places that peep where people are listening to this, and it applies to every single place because I have I meet learners of English from all over the world.
因此，我要读给你的这些错误示例，来自我遇到过的各国英语学习者。
And so this sample of mistakes that I'm going to read to you are taken from learners of English in every country that I've met.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以我会逐条列出，解释每个错误以及正确的表达方式。
So I'm just gonna go through the list, explain the mistake, explain the correction.
就这样。
That's it.
希望你能从这期节目中学会不少东西。
Hopefully, you will learn quite a few things from this episode.
我认为你一定会觉得它对你非常非常有用。
I think you'll find it's gonna be very, very useful for you indeed.
那么第一个是什么？
So what's the first one?
在我的课程中，我经常开会。
Well, in my lessons, I often, have meetings.
在我的课程中，我经常模拟会议，这涉及学生表示同意或不同意以及表达观点等等。
I often simulate meetings in my lessons, which involves the students agreeing and disagreeing and giving opinions and so on.
而我在这种场合听到最常见的错误之一，就是学生说 'I am agree' 或 'I am not agree'。
And one of the most common errors I hear there is when students say, I am agree or I am not agree.
I am agree。
I am agree.
恐怕这是错的。
I'm afraid that's wrong.
不是 'I am agree'，而是 'I agree' 或 'I don't agree'。
It's not I am agree, but I agree or I don't agree.
我认为这是因为许多语言中的表达方式是 'I am agree'，比如意大利语、葡萄牙语或西班牙语。
I think this is because, in many languages, the construction is I am agree, like in Italian or maybe Portuguese or Spanish.
但在英语中，就是 'I agree'。
But in English, it's just I agree.
明白吗？
Okay?
我同意。
I agree.
我不同意。
I don't agree.
好吧。
Fine.
现在另一个错误是我说你一些事情。
Now another one is I said you something.
这就是我说你一些事情，或者她对我说一些事情。
Now this is I said you something or she said me something.
这其实是动词'say'的用法。
And that's really the use of say as a verb.
不应该说'我说你一些事情'或'他对我说一些事情'，而应该说'我告诉你一些事情'或'他告诉我一些事情'。
And it shouldn't be I said you something or he said me something, but I told you something or he told me something.
所以当我们有宾语，也就是动词后面跟着人时，就要用'tell'。
So we use tell when you you have the object, like the person after the verb.
所以是告诉某人某事，而不是说某事。
So tell someone something and say something.
明白吗？
Okay?
不要说‘告诉某事’，除非你在讲笑话，也不要讲‘说某人某事’。
Don't, tell something unless you're telling a joke, and don't say someone something.
应该是‘告诉某人某事’。
It's tell someone something.
他给我讲了一个故事。
He told me a story.
他跟我讲了他假期的事。
He told me about his holiday.
说点什么。
Say something.
他对我说了些什么。
He said something to me.
对吧？
Right?
所以，例如，说‘Luke told that he was going on holiday’是不对的，正确的说法是‘Luke said that he was going on holiday’或者‘Luke told us that he was going on holiday’。
So, for example, Luke told that he was going on holiday would be Luke said that he was going on holiday or Luke told us that he was going on holiday.
明白吗？
Okay?
我经常听到类似这样的说法：‘I understand what you told, but I don't agree.’
And I I hear things like, I understand what you told, but I don't agree.
但正确的说法应该是：‘I understand what you said, but I don't agree.’
And that would be I understand what you said, but I don't agree.
或者说：‘I understand what you told me, but I don't agree.’
Or I understand what you told me, but I don't agree.
所以这就是‘tell someone something’和‘say something’的区别。
So that's tell someone something and say something.
当然也有一些例外，比如你说‘hello’，说‘goodbye’，还有讲笑话时用‘tell a joke’。
There are some exceptions, like you say hello, say goodbye, and you tell a joke.
但总的来说，是告诉某人某事，说某事。
But generally speaking, it's tell someone something, say something.
对吧？
Right?
接下来是第一条件句。
Now, next one is in first conditional sentences.
我经常听到这样的说法，比如‘如果我将会去公园’，我会……
And I often hear, if I will, for example, if I will go to the park, I will let's see.
如果我将会去酒吧，我就会在那里见到你。
If I will go to the pub, I will see you there.
如果我将会……
If I will.
我还会听到类似‘如果我这个周末去博物馆，我会做些有趣的事’这样的表达。
I also have things like if I would go to the museum this weekend, I will do something interesting.
所以是‘如果我将会’和‘如果我将会’。
So if I will and if I would.
而且这两种用法都是错的。
And they're both wrong.
你不能在同一个从句中同时使用 if 和 will。
You don't have if and will in the same clause.
有一句押韵的话：if 和 will 会让老师发疯。
There's a rhyme which is if and will makes teacher kill.
对吧？
Right?
或者也可以说 if 和 will 会让你生病。
Or maybe if and will makes you ill.
对吧？
Right?
所以，if 句子的结构是：有一个 if 从句，然后另一个从句使用情态动词。
So the idea is that with if sentences, you have the if clause, and then you have another clause with a modal verb in it.
你不能在 if 从句中使用情态动词。
And you don't put the modal verb in the if clause.
所以举个例子来看。
So for example let's see.
如果我踢足球，不行。
If I play football no.
我得想个更好的例子。
I need to think of a better example.
如果我……哦，对了。
If I oh, there's a okay.
比如，如果我去电影院，就会看新的《哈利·波特》电影。
If I go to the cinema, I will see the new Harry Potter movie, for example.
如果我去电影院，就会看新的《哈利·波特》电影。
If I go to the cinema, I will see the new Harry Potter movie.
所以不能说‘如果我会去电影院，我会看新的《哈利·波特》电影’。
So not if I will go to the cinema, I will see the new Harry Potter movie.
所以不要在同一个从句里同时用‘if’和‘will’。
So not if and will in the same clause.
应该是如果我去，我就会看。
It's if I go, I will see.
不是说如果我会去，我就会看。
Not if I will go, I will see.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以如果和will连用会让老师发疯，或者让你生病。
So if and will makes teacher kill or if and will, it makes you ill.
另外，在第二类条件句中，当你使用would作为情态动词时，would也不能出现在if从句中。
Also, it works in second conditional sentences when you have the word would as a modal verb, and would doesn't go in the if clause either.
would应该出现在第二个分句中。
Would goes in the second clause.
比如，如果我中了彩票，我会买一辆法拉利。
So for example, if I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
对吧？
Right?
一个经典的例子。
A classic example.
我们都听过这个例子。
We've all heard that example before.
如果我中了彩票，我会买一辆法拉利。
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
不是说‘如果我会中彩票，我会买一辆法拉利’。
Not if I would win the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
不对。
No.
也不是那样。
Not that either.
好的。
Okay.
所以记住，情态动词不能放在if从句里。
So remember, the modal verb doesn't go in the in the if clause.
它出现在另一个分句中。
It goes in the the other clause.
所以，如果我中了彩票，我会买一辆法拉利，而不是说‘如果我会中奖’。
So if I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari, not if I would win.
明白了吗？
Okay?
这是因为‘if’和‘would’从来都不搭配。
And that's because if and would is never good.
对吧？
Right?
所以‘if’和‘will’会让老师发疯，或者让你生病，而‘if’和‘good’也从来都不搭配。
So if and will makes teacher kill or if and will makes you ill, and if and good is never good.
而且‘if’和‘would’也从来都不搭配。
And if and would is never good.
明白了吗？
Okay?
对。
Right.
好。
Good.
太棒了。
Excellent.
显然，还有第三条件句。
There obviously, there's third conditional as well.
我也经常听到学生在这上面犯错，但这只是因为它的结构非常复杂。
I do hear students making mistakes with that regularly as well, but that's just because it's a very complicated structure.
在第三条件句中，使用if时，你需要记住后面要用过去分词形式的had。
With if with with third conditional, you have to remember that it's if well, with if, it's you have had in a past participle.
所以，如果我上过大学，那么接下来的分句就要用would。
So if I had gone to university, and then we use would in the next clause.
对吧？
Right?
所以不是 'if I would have gone to university'。
So not if I would have gone to university.
不对。
No.
如果我当初上了大学，我就会学法律。
If I had gone to university, I would have studied law.
明白吗？
Okay?
如果我当初上了大学，我就会学法律，比如说。
If I had gone to university, I would have studied law, for example.
不是 'if I would have gone to university, I would have studied law'。
Not if I would have gone to university, I would have studied law.
不对。
No.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以 'if' 和 'would' 从来都不搭配。
So because if and would is never good.
对吧？
Right?
好的。
Okay.
当然也有例外，因为有时候你会遇到 'would like' 这样的表达。
There are exceptions to that, of course, because sometimes you will have would like would like.
有时候 'would like' 会出现在 if 从句里，这没问题，因为它是 'would like'。
Sometimes that goes in the if clause and that's okay because it's would like.
这不是 'would'，而是 'would like'。
It's not would, it's would like.
例如，如果你愿意打开课本，我们就可以开始了。
For example, if you would like to open your books, we can begin.
如果你愿意打开课本，或者想坐下来，我马上过来。
If you'd like to open your books or maybe if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you in a moment.
对吧？
Right?
如果您想坐下，我马上过来。
If you would like to take a seat, I'll be with you in a moment.
或者如果您想留言，请在哔声后操作。
Or if you would like to leave a message, please do so after the beep.
哔。
Beep.
你知道，类似这样的情况。
You know, that kind of thing.
所以这中间是有例外的。
So there are exceptions to it.
对。
Right.
我列表中的下一件事。
Next thing in my list.
顺便说一下，这只是一份随机的列表。
It's just a random list, by the way.
它并没有任何特定的顺序。
It's not in any particular order.
这只是一份对你有用的随机列表。
It's just a random useful list for you.
对。
Right.
接下来是一些介词。
The next thing is a few prepositions.
说实话，我应该专门做一期关于介词的播客。
Now, to be honest, I should do a whole podcast just devoted to prepositions.
事实上，有一位听众早在一年半前就请求我做一期介词播客，但我一直还没做。
In fact, I've got a listener who's who requested a prepositions podcast ages ago, like a year and a half ago, and I still haven't done it.
所以我确实应该做一期关于介词的完整播客。
So I should be I should do a whole podcast about prepositions.
但目前来说，这里有一些我经常听到的错误。
But for the moment, here are a few errors that I hear regularly.
所以举几个例子，送礼物给某人。
So just a few examples to a present to someone.
所以如果你的生日或者别人的生日，你可以送礼物给某人。
So if it's your birthday or someone's birthday, then you could get a present to someone.
不是‘a present to’，而是‘a present for’。
It's not a present to, it's present for.
所以我给我弟弟买了一份礼物，而不是我给我弟弟买了一份礼物到。
So I bought a present for my brother, not I bought a present to my brother.
明白吗？
Okay?
另一个错误使用‘to’的例子是，你知道的，给某人买某物，实际上应该是‘为某人买某物’。
Another example of using to in the wrong way would be, you know, to buy something to someone, and it's actually to buy something for someone.
我还听过类似的说法，比如，我们去那家咖啡馆喝杯咖啡吧。
And I've also heard things like, let's have a coffee to that cafe.
我们去那家咖啡馆喝杯咖啡吧。
Let's have a coffee to that cafe.
而且，应该说在那家咖啡馆。
And, it should be at that cafe.
我们去那家咖啡馆喝杯咖啡吧。
Let's have a coffee at that cafe.
关于介词，说实话，其实并没有明确的规则能解释介词是如何使用的。
Now the thing about prepositions is that, to be honest, there isn't really a rule which explains the way prepositions are used.
你可以尝试应用一些基本的用法规则，或者尝试找出使用‘at’和‘to’等介词的模式规律。
You can try to apply basic rules of usage or try to apply a kind of a pattern rule about when we use at and when we use to and so on.
但说实话，要为介词的使用套用某种逻辑规则是非常困难的。
But to be honest, it's pretty difficult to apply some logical sort of rule to it.
我只能说，介词大致分为地点介词和时间介词，地点介词描述位置，比如，而时间介词则描述与时间的各种关系。
All I'd say is basically with prepositions, you have prepositions of place, which describe location, for example, and prepositions of time, which just describe various sort of relationships with time.
对于地点和时间的介词，你可以应用一些规则。
And there you can apply some rules to prepositions of place and time.
但其他所有介词的用法都更像是固定搭配，而介词常常与其它词语一起使用。
But then all the other uses of prepositions will be just like collocations, and that's where prepositions are used very commonly with other words.
基本上，你会遇到介词与名词搭配，比如名词+介词搭配；介词与形容词搭配，即形容词+介词组合；以及介词与动词搭配，即动词+介词组合。
And basically, you get prepositions with nouns, so like noun preposition collocations, prepositions with adjectives, so that's adjective preposition combinations, and prepositions and verbs, verb preposition combinations.
有时这些被称为短语动词。
Sometimes those are called phrasal verbs.
而这就只是需要记住名词、形容词或动词加上某个介词的组合。
And then that's just a case of remembering the combinations of either noun, adjective, or verb plus a preposition.
实际上，我需要专门做一期全新的播客来讲解这个话题，因为这是一个非常庞大的主题。
Now, really, I'd need to do a completely new podcast about that because it's such a big subject.
现在，我们来看一下。
Now, let's see.
单词 'rise' 和单词 'raise'。
The the word rise and the word, raise.
'Rise' 和 'raise'。
Rise and raise.
所以 rise 拼写为 r-i-s-e。
So rise is spelled r I s e.
在英式英语中，你会说 r。
R r in in British English, you'd say r.
R 代表 red 或 rainbow。
R for red or rainbow.
对吧？
Right?
它是 r。
It r.
在美国，它听起来像 r，但我们读作 ah。
In America, it'd be like r, but we'd say ah.
所以是 r-i-s-e，rise，而 r-a-i-s-e，raise。
So it's r I s e, rise, and r a I s e, raise.
明白吗？
Okay?
现在，基本上，rise 是一个不及物动词，意思是上升。
Now, basically, rise is an intransitive verb, and it just means to go up.
例如，去年销售额增长了50%。
So for example, sales rose by 50% last year.
这意味着销售额上涨了50%。
That means that sales went up by 50%.
对吧？
Right?
或者说，税收上涨了，这就是 r-i-s-e，rose，risen，而 raise 是 raised，raised。
Or let's say taxes rose, so that's ray rise rose risen, and raise raised raised.
对吧？
Right?
所以去年税收上涨了3%，或者说，税收被提高了3%，或者政府将税收提高了3%。
So taxes rose by 3% last year, and then taxes were raised by taxes were raised by 3% last year, or the government raised taxes by 3%.
所以，基本上，rise 意思是上升，而 raise 意思是使某物上升。
So, basically, rise means to go up, and raise means to make something go up.
所以政府提高了税收，而税收也上涨了。
So the government raised taxes, and taxes rose.
明白吗？
Okay?
或者，税收是被政府提高的，这是被动语态。
Or or taxes were raised by the government in the passive form.
这就是 raise 和 rise 的区别。
So that's raise and rise.
我们来看一下。
Let's see.
我还经常听到有人说：我在这里住了一年了。
I also hear things like, I have lived here since one year.
我在这里住了一年了。
I have lived here since one year.
这其实是在使用 since 和 for 时常见的问题。
And really, that's a problem with either using since or for.
当然，我们用'since'来表示一个具体的时间点，比如某个日期或过去的具体时刻。
And of course, we use since with a point in time, like a date or a particular moment in time in the past.
所以，例如可以说：我自2010年以来一直住在这里。
So it would be, for example, I have lived here since 2010.
或者说：我自2010年1月以来一直住在这里。
Or I have lived here since January 2010.
如果你在谈论一段时间的长度，那就该用'for'。
And if you're talking about a duration of time, it's four.
所以，我在这里住了一年。
So I've lived here for one year.
两者都常与现在完成时一起使用，比如'I have lived'，但'for'表示时间段，'since'表示时间点。
They're both commonly used with present perfect, like I have lived, but for is a duration and since is a point in time.
明白吗？
Okay?
另外，我也常听到有人误用'during'。
So also, I hear during being used in the wrong way.
我经常会听到有人说：我在这里住了一年。
And I would hear something like, I have lived here during one year.
这完全是错的。
And that's just wrong.
再次强调，应该是‘for one year’。
Again, it should be for one year.
我们用‘during’来表示某事发生在另一件事的中间。
And we use during to say that something happens, like, in the middle of something else.
比如，我在看电影的时候睡着了。
For example, I fell asleep during the movie.
对吧？
Right?
或者说，夏天的时候我去度假。
Or let's say, during the summer, I go on holiday.
或者我们来看一下。
Or let's see.
是的
Yeah.
比如，我在看电影时睡着了，或者我朋友在我吃午饭时给我打了电话。
Like, I fell asleep during the movie or my friend called me during my lunch.
那意味着在我吃午饭的过程中，我朋友给我打了电话。
That was that means in the middle of my lunch, my friend called me.
所以，'during' 用来描述一件事发生在另一件事的中间，而不是用来描述持续时间。
So it's used to describe when one thing happens in the middle of something else, it's not used to describe a duration.
明白吗？
Okay?
那应该是四。
It that would be four.
明白吗？
Okay?
我们来看一下。
So let's see.
我有时也听到类似的错误，但其中还包含更多错误。
I also hear sometimes a similar mistake, but kind of with a few more mistakes in it.
他们会说：我在这里住了一年。
It would be, I am living here during one year.
首先，这不是‘我在这里住’。
And first of all, it's it's not I am living here.
应该是‘我在这里住了一年’或‘我一直在那里住’。
It should be I have lived here or I have been living here.
这是现在完成时，用来说明与现在有关的事情。
That's present perfect to kind of explain something that's connected to now.
要么是因为时间段尚未结束，要么是因为动作仍在继续。
So either because the time period isn't finished or because the action is still continuing.
现在完成时是一个比较复杂的领域。
That's present perfect, which is a complicated area.
但本质上，不是‘我在这里住了一年’，而是‘我在这里住了一年’。
But essentially, it's not I am living here during one year, but I have been living here for one year.
我们通常使用现在进行时来谈论现在的情况、暂时的状态，甚至是未来的计划，我稍后会谈到这一点。
We tend to use present continuous tense to talk about now or temporary situations now or even plans for the future, and I'm gonna come on to that in a moment.
对。
Right.
另一个常见错误是关系从句，我有时会听到这种用法。
So another one is like relative clauses, and I hear this sometimes.
比如：a girl that she lives in Brazil。
Like a girl that she lives in Brazil.
a girl that she lives in Brazil。
A girl that she lives in Brazil.
这是一个以 'that' 作为关系代词的关系从句。
So that's that's a relative clause with that being the relative pronoun.
但在关系代词之后，就不需要再重复主语 'the girl' 了。
But after the relative pronoun, you don't need to have the subject, the girl.
对吧？
Right?
因为那已经被关系代词‘that’替代了。
Because that's been replaced by the relative pronoun that.
所以你应该说‘a girl that lives in Brazil’，而不是‘a girl that she lives in Brazil’。
So you'd say a girl that lives in Brazil, not a girl that she lives in Brazil.
明白吗？
Okay?
这就是关于关系从句的一个小提示。
So that's just a note on relative clauses.
我列表中的下一项是：‘What do you do tonight？’
Next thing in my list, I've got the line, what do you do tonight?
你今晚有什么安排？
What do you do tonight?
我经常在一天结束时听到这句话，尤其是在给学生上完课后。
And I often hear that at the end of the day, at the end of a day of teaching students, we've just finished the lesson.
课程结束了。
The lesson's finished.
我正准备离开房间。
I'm just getting ready to leave the room.
其中一个学生问另一个学生今晚有什么计划。
And one of the students asks another student about his or her plans for that evening.
就像是，你今晚做什么？
And it's like, what do you do tonight?
或者，你今晚会做什么？
Or what will you do tonight?
这是错的。
And it's wrong.
明白吗？
Okay?
这不正确。
It's not it's not correct.
应该说：你今晚有什么安排？
It should be, what are you doing tonight?
你今晚有什么安排？
What are you doing tonight?
所以我们用现在进行时来谈论未来的计划。
So we'd use present continuous to talk about a future plan.
明白吗？
Okay?
这看起来有点奇怪，但确实如此。
Now that seems a bit strange, but it's true.
所以用现在进行时来谈论未来。
So present continuous to talk about the future.
嘿，你今晚有什么安排？
So, hey, what are you doing tonight?
你这个周末有什么计划？
What are you doing this weekend?
比如，我要和女朋友一起吃晚饭。
Oh, I'm having dinner with my girlfriend, for example.
所以不是问你今晚会做什么，或者你通常做什么，而是问你今晚正在做什么？
So not what will you do tonight or what do you do, but what are you doing tonight?
我说的是我今晚要和女朋友吃晚饭，而不是我今晚有晚饭吃，也不是我今晚将会和女朋友吃晚饭，而是我今晚正要和女朋友吃晚饭。
I'm having dinner with my girlfriend, not I have dinner with my girlfriend tonight, and not I will have dinner with my girlfriend tonight, but I'm having dinner with my girlfriend tonight.
也可以说成 'going to'。
It could be going to.
你今晚打算做什么？
What are you going to do tonight?
我打算和女朋友吃晚饭。
I'm going to have dinner with my girlfriend.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以可以用现在进行时，也可以用 'going to'。
So either present continuous or going to.
我还有像今晚这样的情况：我将会去酒吧。
And I've got things like tonight, I will go to the pub.
所以，这又是不对的。
So again, that's not correct.
正确的说法应该是：今晚我要去酒吧，或者今晚我要去酒吧。
It should be tonight, I'm going to the pub, or maybe tonight, I'm going to go to the pub.
你可能会听到：今晚我要去酒吧，或者今晚我要去酒吧。
You might hear tonight, I'm gonna go to the pub, or tonight, I'm going to the pub.
明白吗？
Okay?
不要用‘will’。
Not will.
我们通常不用‘will’来谈论这样的计划，除非你是在说话的那一刻才做出决定。
We don't use will to to talk about a plan like that, unless you've made the decision at the same time that you speak.
那样的话，你可能会说：我想我可能会去。
And then you'd probably say something like, I think I will probably.
‘想’和‘可能’经常和‘will’一起使用。
It's very common to have think and probably together with will.
我想我大概就回家了。
I think I'll probably just go home.
我想我今晚大概就待在家里了。
I think I'll probably just stay in tonight.
当你还没决定，而是在说话的同时才做出决定时，就可以用 will。
That's when you haven't decided and you kind of make the decision at the same time that you speak, then you can use will.
我们用 will，例如，来接电话。
We use will, for example, to answer the telephone.
别担心，我来接。
Don't worry, I'll get it.
或者来开门时，我来开。
Or to answer the door, I'll I'll get it.
我来回答。
I'll answer it.
明白吗？
Okay?
但要谈论今晚的计划，应该说‘你今晚有什么安排？’
But to talk about a plan tonight, it's what are you doing tonight?
哦，我要去酒吧。
Oh, I'm going to the pub.
对吧？
Right?
还有一个例子，我经常听到，尤其是在日本。
Another one is just like I hear this a lot, especially in Japan.
当我住在日本时，我听到人们说‘go to shopping’。
When I lived in Japan, I heard people say go to shopping.
去购物。
To go to shopping.
这是不对的。
And it's not right.
正确的说法是‘go shopping’。
It's to go shopping.
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明白吗？
Okay?
去购物。
Go shopping.
有商店的地方可能是商店。
The place where the shops are would be maybe the shops.
所以可以说去商店或去购物中心，但要说去购物，而不是去到购物。
So go to the shops or go to the shopping center, but go shopping, not go to shopping.
例如，这个周末我要去购物，而不是这个周末我要去到购物。
So for example, this weekend, I'm going to go shopping, not this weekend I'm going to go to shopping.
去购物，而不是去到购物。
Go shopping, not go to shopping.
对吧？
Right?
另一件事是休息日和节假日的区别。
Another thing is the difference between a day off and a holiday.
对吧？
Okay?
休息日就是你不用上班的一天。
Now a day off is just one day when you don't work.
对吧？
Okay?
但假期通常是好几天。
But a holiday is probably more than one day.
可能是一周或两周。
It could be a week or two weeks.
它和休假是一样的。
It's the it's the same as a vacation.
你知道，假期，比如你的暑假，就是一两周的时间，你会去某个地方度假。
You know that a vacation, like your summer vacation, would be a week or two weeks where you go on holiday somewhere.
这是美式英语。
That's American English.
在英式英语中，我们会说‘holiday’。
In British English, we'd say a holiday.
而且它不仅仅是一天。
And it's not just one day.
通常是好几天，或者一周、两周。
It's usually a series of days or a week or two.
对吧？
Right?
所以我打算去西班牙度假。
So I'm going to go on holiday to Spain.
这意味着我会在西班牙待上一周左右或两周。
That means I'm gonna spend like a week or two in Spain.
这可不是只有一天。
It's not just one day.
不上班的一天叫做‘day off’。
One day when you don't go to work is called a day off.
但当然，你还有公共假日。
But of course, you also have public holidays.
这不一样。
That's different.
公共假日或银行假日只有一天。
A public holiday or a bank holiday is just one day.
比如圣诞节或其他一些重要的公共假日。
That's, for example, like Christmas Day or various other sort of important public holidays.
那就是一天。
That is one day.
那是公共假日或银行假日，而不是一般的假期。
That's a public holiday or a bank holiday, not just a holiday.
所以例如，在公共假日，你会放一天假。
So for example, on a public holiday, have a day off.
意思是那天我不去上班。
Means I don't go to work for that one day.
好的。
Okay.
接下来，我想到的是我们国家的几乎所有人。
Next, I've got something like, almost people in my country.
我们国家的几乎所有人。
Almost people in my country.
这不对。
Now that's wrong.
应该说我们国家的大多数人，或者说几乎我们国家的所有人。
It should be most people in my country or maybe almost all the people in my country.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以不是‘几乎所有人’，而是‘大多数人’或‘几乎所有人’。
So not almost people, but most people or almost all the people.
对吧？
Right?
我经常听到‘most of people in my country’，但正确的说法应该是‘most people in my country’或者‘most of the people in my country’。
I also hear most of people in my country, and it should be most people in my country or most of the people in my country.
所以如果你想说‘most of’，就必须加上‘the’。
So if you want to say most of, you need to say the.
当你使用‘the’时，后面加上一个定语从句是很常见的。
And it's quite common if you say the to then add a relative clause afterwards.
比如，我国家里大多数听卢克英语播客的人，现在英语都很好。
Most of the people in my country who listen to Luke's English podcast are really good at English now, for example.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以‘almost people’是不对的。
So that's almost people.
正确的说法应该是‘most people in my country’或者‘most of the people in my country’。
It should be most people in my country or most of the people in my country.
好的。
Okay.
下一个动词是'explain'。
Next one is the verb explain.
我经常听到人们说类似'你explain me the situation'或者'I want to explain you the situation'这样的话。
And I often hear people say things like, you explain me the situation, or I want to explain you the situation.
在英语中，你不能说'explain someone something'。
Now in English, you don't say explain someone something.
你应该说'explain something to someone'。
You just explain something to someone.
对吧？
Right?
所以我将会向你解释这个情况，或者我将会解释这个情况。
So I'm going to explain the situation to you, or I'm going to explain the situation.
明白吗？
Okay?
而不是说'I'm going to explain you the situation'。
Not I'm going to explain you the situation.
不。
No.
应该是 explain the situation 或者 explain the situation to someone。
It's explain the situation or explain the situation to someone.
明白吗？
Okay?
suggest 也是同样的情况。
The same goes with suggest.
我们不会说 I'm going to suggest you a good restaurant。
We don't say I'm going to suggest you a good restaurant.
我们会说 I'm gonna suggest a good restaurant。
We'd say I'm gonna suggest a good restaurant.
我们会说 suggest a good restaurant for you 吗？
Would we say suggest a good restaurant for you?
对吧？
Yeah?
我会说，我打算推荐一家不错的餐厅给你去。
I would I'm going to suggest a good restaurant for you to go to, maybe.
另一个是用'haven't'来表示拥有。
Another one is the use of the word haven't for possession.
例如，I haven't any money。
For example, I haven't any money.
我觉得这样说听起来不太自然。
Now, I don't think that sounds natural.
我觉得有些人可能会不同意我的看法，但我认为这听起来不自然。
I think that some people would disagree with me on that, but I don't think it sounds natural.
你可以说，I don't have any money，或者I haven't got any money，但在我看来，你不会说I haven't any money。
You either would say, I don't have any money or I haven't got any money, but you wouldn't say, I haven't any money, in my opinion.
我觉得这听起来有点不自然。
I think it sounds a bit unnatural.
所以我会说I haven't got any money，或者I don't have any money。
So I haven't got any money or I don't have any money.
接下来是单词advice。
Next is the word advice.
我经常听到学生说，I'm going to give you some advices。
And I often hear students saying, I'm going to give you some advices.
你能给我一些advices吗？
Can you give me some advices?
这是错误的。
And that's wrong.
不是advices，而是advice。
It's not advices, but advice.
因为advice从不使用复数形式。
Because advice is never plural.
明白吗？
Okay?
因为它是一个不可数名词。
Because it's an uncountable noun.
所以总是说 '给我一些建议'。
So it's always give me some advice.
如果你想用复数形式，需要说 '几条建议'。
If you want to make it plural, you need to use pieces of advice.
你能给我一些建议吗？
So can you give me some advice?
或者你能给我几条建议吗？
Or can you give me some pieces of advice?
比如，我有三条重要的建议要给你。
Or I've got three important pieces of advice to give you, for example.
明白吗？
Okay?
同样，单词 'information'（信息）。
Similarly, the word information.
信息是不可数名词，从不使用复数形式。
Information is never plural because it's an uncountable noun.
所以我会给你一些信息，而不是我会给你一些informations。
So I'm gonna give you some information, not I'm gonna give you some informations.
不。
No.
永远不会是复数。
Never plural.
永远不会加s。
Never has an s.
同样，你可以说几条信息来使其变为复数。
Again, you can make it plural by saying pieces of information.
所以他给了我几条信息。
So he gave me several pieces of information.
明白吗？
Okay?
单词news，你知道的，比如BBC上的新闻。
The word news, you know, like news on the BBC, for example.
新闻。
News.
它末尾有字母s，但总是被视为复数。
It's got an s on the end, but it's always plural.
你从不用单数形式。
You never have the singular version.
你不会说，我有个新闻给你。
You don't say, I've got a new for you.
不。
No.
你应该说，我有些新闻给你，或者我有个新闻故事，你知道的，一个有趣的新闻故事，或者一条新闻。
It's I've got some news for you, or I've got a news story, you know, an interesting news story, or maybe a piece of news.
明白吗？
Okay?
但从不说一个新。
But never just a new.
这是一些新闻。
It's some news.
即使只是一条信息，你也会说，我有个消息要告诉你，比如。
Even if it's just one piece of information, you'd say, I've got some news for you, for example.
另一个是单词‘question’的发音，即‘问一个问题’。
Another one is the pronunciation of the word question, to ask a question.
特别是在韩国，我从韩国来的学生不知为何觉得很难发出‘question’这个单词的音，反而说成‘kestion’。
Particularly in South Korea, The students I have from South Korea, they, for some reason, find it difficult to pronounce the word question, and instead they say kestion.
所以老师，我有个kest，我有kestion。
So teacher, I have a kest I have kestion.
对吧？
Right?
如果你来自韩国，你可能会认出这一点。
If you're from South Korea, you might recognize that.
Kestion，而不是question。
Kestion, not question.
所以应该是 question，里面有一个 w 的音。
So it should be question, and there's a w sound in there.
question。
Question.
想象一下，那里有一个 w 的音。
So imagine that there's a w sound.
就像是 k w e s。
It's like k w e s.
Que s。
Que s.
question。
Question.
不是 kestion，而是 question。
Not kestion, but question.
我有个问题。
I have a question.
好的。
Okay.
下一个是对过去完成时的使用，我们知道它是“had”加过去分词。
Next one is the use of past perfect, which we know is had plus a past participle.
我发现很多学生会用错，因为他们以为过去完成时只是用来谈论很久以前发生的事情。
And I find that lots of students get this wrong because they think we use it to just talk about sort of something that happened in the distant past, so like a long time ago.
但事实并非如此。
But that's not the case.
不是的。
No.
它不只是指遥远的过去，因为我们用一般过去时来描述甚至几十年前发生的事情。
It's not just the distant past, because we use past simple to describe events that happened even years and years and years ago.
就只是用一般过去时。
It's just past simple.
所以我经常听到这种说法。
So I hear this kind of thing.
我上学的时候就已经学过这个了。
I had learned that when I was at school.
我上学的时候就已经学过这个了。
I had learned that when I was at school.
而犯这个错误的人以为，我们使用过去分词或过去完成时，比如‘had learned’，是为了谈论很久以前发生的事，比如他们上学的时候。
And the person making that mistake thinks that we use past participle or past perfect or had learned to talk about something that happened a long time ago, for example, when they were at school.
事实并非如此。
That's not the case.
我们不会这么用。
We don't use that.
我们会用一般过去时。
We'd use past simple.
我上学的时候就学过这个。
I learned that when I was at school.
我们使用过去完成时来描述一个发生在过去另一个动作之前的动作。
We use past perfect to describe, an action that happened before another action in the past.
所以，如果你已经在谈论过去，而想表达发生在那之前的事情，就应该使用过去完成时。
So if you're already talking about the past and you want to talk about things that happened previous to that, then you'd use past perfect.
例如，去年我去滑雪时，感觉非常困难，因为我以前从未做过。
For example, when I went skiing last year, I it was really difficult because I had never done it before.
首先，时间的重点是去年，但通过使用过去完成时，我可以指代去年之前的时间。
So first of all, the main focus of time is last year, But by using past perfect, I can refer to time before last year.
所以这是‘过去的过去’，而不仅仅是很久以前。
So it's like past in the past, not just a long time ago.
下一个问题是，我常听到学生说：I don't know what means this word。
Next one is just I hear students say things like, I don't know what means this word.
当他们遇到一个不懂的单词时，就会这么说。
That's when they find a word they don't understand.
I don't know what means this word。
I don't know what means this word.
正确的说法应该是：I don't know what this word means。
And it should be, I don't know what this word means.
K？
K?
我说的是‘我不知道这个词的意思’，而不是‘我不知道什么意味着这个词’。
I don't know what this word means, not I don't know what means this word.
我不知道这个词的意思。
I don't know what this word means.
我们来看看。
Let's see.
我们有这些间接疑问句。
We've got these indirect questions.
这些是更礼貌的问法，学生经常在这里出错。
These are the more polite versions of questions, and students make mistakes with this all the time.
所以我听到有人这么说：你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？
So I hear things like, can you tell me where is the station?
你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？
Can you tell me where is the station?
而正确的说法应该是：你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？
And it should be, can you tell me where the station is?
你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？
Can you tell me where the station is, please?
这是因为‘你能告诉我’是问题的引导部分，而‘车站在哪里’并不是一个独立的问题。
That's because can you tell me is the question, and where the station is is not the question.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以它可能是：车站在哪里？
So it could be where is the station?
或者：你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？
Or can you tell me where the station is, please?
好的。
Okay.
所以‘is’要像这样放在句末。
So is goes at the end like that.
我们来看看。
Let's see.
谈到未来，我听到学生说类似‘在接下来的几年’或‘在接下来的几个月’这样的话。
Talking about the future, I hear students say things like, in the next years or in the next months.
我觉得这可能是德语或者瑞士德语的特点。
And I think that's a kind of a German thing or maybe Swiss German.
我发现德国人或瑞士人会说‘在接下来的几年’、‘在接下来的几个月’、‘在接下来的几周’。
I find German or Swiss people say that in the next years or in the next months, in the next weeks.
正确的说法应该是‘在接下来的几年里’、‘在接下来的几个月里’、‘在接下来的几周里’。
And it should be in the next few years, in the next few months, in the next few weeks.
明白吗？
Okay?
另外，在过去，我们会说‘在过去的几周’、‘在过去的几个月’、‘在过去的几年’。
Also, in the past, we'd say in the last few weeks, in the last few months, in the last few years.
不是说‘在过去的几年’，而是说‘在过去的几年里’。
Not in the last years, but in the last few years.
明白吗？
Okay?
一个让学生们经常出错的结构是像‘a four hour journey’这样的表达。
A structure which causes students a lot of problems is the the structure that that's that you find in things like a four hour journey, A four hour journey.
学生们常常会说错，说成‘a four hours journey’。
And students often get that wrong, and they say a four hours journey.
这不是‘four hours journey’，而应该是‘a four hour journey’。
And it's not four hours journey, but a four hour journey.
你可能会觉得应该是复数形式，因为是四个小时，所以应该是‘hours’。
Now you might think it should be plural, that it should be hours because it's four hours.
对吧？
Right?
但其实不是。
But no.
它实际上是一个形容词性短语的一部分。
It's actually part of an adjectival phrase.
所以，'hour'这个词虽然是一个名词，但在这里实际上用作形容词，来修饰'journey'。
So the word hour, although it's an a noun, it's actually being used as an adjective to describe us about the word journey.
所以是'a four hour journey'。
So a four hour journey.
因此，'hour'这个词和'four'一起作为形容词，用来描述是哪种旅程。
So the word hour, along with the word for, is working as an adjective to describe what kind of journey.
这是一段四小时的旅程。
It's a four hour journey.
所以当一个名词用作形容词时，它不会变成复数形式。
So when a noun is used as an adjective, it's not put into the plural form.
此外，你也可以认为这种结构是非常常见的，中间的词不会用复数形式。
Also, could you could consider that structure to be a very commonly occurring structure, and the word in the middle is not plural.
例如，a four hour journey（四小时的旅程）、a five pound note（五英镑的钞票）、a two hour movie（两小时的电影）、a ten minute walk（十分钟的步行）、a five hour flight（五小时的飞行）、a three year old baby（三岁的婴儿）或a 10 year old boy（十岁的男孩），还有像a six hour……我不知道。
For example, a four hour journey, a five pound note, a two hour movie, a ten minute walk, a five hour flight, a three year old baby or a 10 year old boy, a, you know, like a six hour I don't know.
比如a six hour meeting（六小时的会议），诸如此类的情况。
Like a six hour meeting, that kind of thing.
这是一种非常常见的结构。
It's quite a commonly occurring structure.
中间的词不是复数形式。
The word in the middle is not plural.
四小时的旅程。
A four hour journey.
另一个例子，比如一百万英镑的削减。
You know, another example would be like a £1,000,000 cut.
不是对预算削减一百万英镑，而是对预算削减一百万英镑。
Not a £1,000,000 cut to the budget, but a £1,000,000 cut to the budget.
我们来看看。
Let's see.
好的。
Okay.
每当学生不小心把东西落在家里时，比如我会让学生打开这本书，然后他会说：‘哦，卢克，真的很抱歉。’
Whenever students, like, accidentally leave something at home, for example, I ask the student to open this book and he goes, oh, Luke, I'm really sorry.
我把书忘在家里了。
I forgot my book at home.
我把书忘在家里了。
I forgot my book at home.
在英语里，我们不会这么说。
Now in English, we don't say it like that.
我们会说：我把书忘在家里了。
We'd say, I left my book at home.
或者：我忘了带书。
Or I forgot to bring my book.
所以不是‘我把书忘在家里了’，而是‘我忘了带书’或者‘我把书忘在家里了’。
So not I forgot my book at home, but I forgot to bring my book, or I left my book at home.
我知道你心里的逻辑，你觉得我是忘了带书。
I know the logic you think, I forgot, you know, to bring my book.
那我是什么时候忘的呢？
And when did I forget?
我忘了我离家的时候。
I forgot when I was at home, when I left.
但实际上，我们并不这么说。
But actually, we don't say it like that.
我们只说我把书落在家里了。
We just say I left my book at home.
我忘了把书带来。
I forgot to bring my book.
明白吗？
Okay?
我们来看一下。
Let's see.
单词‘back’，人们有时会把它当动词用，其实不该这样用。
The word back back, people use that as a verb sometimes when they shouldn't.
比如，我说‘I backed to my country’或者‘I will back to my country next month。'
For example, I backed to my country or I I will back to my country next month.
实际上应该是 go back。
And it's actually go back.
所以我说我上周回了国，或者我明年会回我的国家。
So I I I went back to my country last week or I'm going to go back to my country next year.
回去。
Back.
单词 'back' 可以用作动词，意思是支持。
The word back can be used as a verb, and it means to support.
例如，我支持工党，或者我支持英格兰赢得世界杯，虽然这显然永远不会发生。
For example, I'm backing the Labour Party or I'm backing England to win the World Cup, which is obviously never gonna happen.
但 'back' 意思就是支持。
But to back means to support.
另外，'back' 也可能指倒车，比如倒车进入车道。
Also, to back might be to reverse in a car, to back into the driveway, for example.
下一个是附加疑问句。
So next one is tag questions.
所以，你知道，这些是像‘不是吗’、‘不是你’、‘你不’、‘我没有’、‘我们不是’这样的问题。
So, you know, those are questions like isn't it, aren't you, don't you, haven't I, aren't we, things like that.
而且它们的使用方式相当特定。
And they are used in a fairly specific way.
所以你先说一个陈述句，然后再加上一个附加疑问句。
So you have a statement, and then you add a tag question.
从语法上讲，附加疑问句必须是倒装的。
And grammatically, the tag question has to be, like, inverted.
我的意思是，如果陈述句是肯定的，附加疑问句就得是否定的，或者如果陈述句是肯定的，附加疑问句就是否定的。
I mean, it has to be negative if the statement is positive, or if the statement is positive, it's negative.
对吧？
Right?
举个例子，你会说：‘你来自英国，不是吗？’
To give you an example, you would say, you are from England, aren't you?
所以‘are’是肯定形式，但‘aren't you’是否定形式。
So are is positive, but aren't you is negative.
对吧？
Right?
你来自英国，是吧？
You're from England, aren't you?
你来自英国，是吧？
You are from England, aren't you?
所以这就是用法，但你不能把它们加在疑问句后面。
So that's how you do it, but you don't put them on the end of a question.
我有时听到学生这么做。
And I hear students do this sometimes.
他们说类似‘你来自英国，是吧？’这样的话。
They say things like, are you from England, aren't you?
正确的说法应该是‘你来自英国，是吧？’
And it should be, you are from England, aren't you?
明白吗？
K?
所以你不会在疑问句中添加它们。
So you don't add them to questions.
你是在陈述句中添加它们。
You add them to statements.
明白吗？
Okay?
对。
Right.
接下来是，我有时听到学生说类似这样的话：I feel myself sick。
Next is, I hear students sometimes say things like, I feel myself sick.
I feel myself sick。
I feel myself sick.
在那里你不需要用 myself 这个词。
And you don't need to use the word myself there.
在 feel 后面不需要加这个词。
You don't need to have that word after the word feel.
你只需要用形容词。
You just have the adjective.
所以我说我感觉不舒服。
So I feel sick.
我感觉很好。
I feel good.
我感觉开心。
I feel happy.
我感觉自信。
I feel confident.
你不需要说‘我感觉我自己不舒服’。
You don't need to say I feel myself sick.
我感觉我自己自信。
I feel myself confident.
不对。
No.
我就觉得不舒服。
Just I feel sick.
我感觉自信。
I feel confident.
这就是我们使用‘feel’这个词的方式。
That's how we use the word feel.
明白了吗？
Okay?
我感觉很好。
I feel good.
下一个是我给我自己买了一台iPod。
Next one is I bought me an iPod.
我相信我有时听到德语使用者这么说。
I do believe I hear German speakers say that sometimes.
我给我自己买了一台iPod。
I bought me an iPod.
我给自己买了一部iPod。
I bought me an iPod.
这时候你就需要用到‘myself’这个词。
And there you do need to use the word myself.
我给自己买了一部iPod。
I bought myself an iPod.
明白吗？
Okay?
你可能会听到有人像我这样讲，比如‘I got me a bottle of whiskey’。
You might hear people say, like me, like that, you know, I got me I got me a bottle of whiskey.
但说实话，听起来就像你来自一部西部片，像牛仔电影一样。
But it to be honest, it sounds like you're from a cowboy movie, like a Western movie.
这有点像克林特·伊斯特伍德在他西部片里的说话方式。
It's a bit like how Clint Eastwood speaks in his western movies.
我得弄把枪，你知道的，就是这种说法。
I got to get me a gun, you know, that kind of thing.
我得去弄点威士忌，你知道的，我得去弄点威士忌。
I gotta get me, you know, I gotta get me some whiskey.
就是这种说法。
That sort of thing like that.
但实际上，我要给自己买点威士忌。
But, actually, it's I I'm going to get myself some whiskey.
让学生经常出错的两个词是 lend 和 borrow。
Two words that cause students problems a lot are lend and borrow.
向某人借钱，从某人那里借入钱。
To lend money to someone, to borrow money from someone.
这是第一点。
That's the first thing.
你向某人借出，从某人那里借入。
You lend to someone, borrow from someone.
lend 基本上意思是暂时给予。
And lend basically means give temporarily.
借的意思是暂时拿走。
Borrow means take temporarily.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以如果我给你一百英镑，我就是借给你一百英镑，或者说我借了一百英镑给你，之后你必须还给我。
So if I give you a £100, I lend you £100 or I lend £100 to you, then you have to give it back to me later.
对吧？
Right?
你从我这里借了一百英镑。
And you borrowed £100 from me.
明白吗？
Okay?
借了东西之后，你就欠了对方那件东西。
After you borrow something, you then owe someone that thing.
所以‘欠’是 o w e。
So owe, that's o w e.
所以我欠你100英镑，因为上周我从你那里借了100英镑。
So I owe you £100 because I borrowed £100 from you last week.
明白吗？
Okay?
你可能欠银行一些钱，因为你从银行借了钱。
You might owe the bank some money because you borrowed some money from the bank.
银行把钱借给了你，或者银行借给你钱。
The bank lent you the money or the bank lent the money to you.
下一个是我去了家。
Next one is I went to home.
去家。
To home.
但实际上应该说：我回家了。
And it's actually just I went home.
通常你会说去某个地方。
Normally, you'd say go to a place.
我去学校了。
I went to school.
我去医院了。
I went to hospital.
我去商店了。
I went to the shops.
我去电影院了。
I went to the cinema.
我去酒吧了。
I went to the pub.
但说到‘home’这个词，就不一样了。
But with the word home, it's not.
就是我说我回家了。
It's just I went home.
很奇怪，对吧？
Strange, isn't it?
但这就是事实的样子。
But that's just the way it is.
另一个是去某地的方式。
Another one is ways of going somewhere.
例如，我开车去的。
So for example, I went by car.
我打车去的。
I went by taxi.
我乘飞机去的。
I went by plane.
我骑摩托车、骑自行车、骑马、开拖拉机、乘直升机、乘潜艇去的。
I went by motorbike, by bicycle, by horse, by tractor, by helicopter, by submarine.
不管是什么方式，都用‘by’，除非你是走路。
Whatever it is, it's by, except if you walk.
如果是走路，那就是我步行去的。
In which case, I went on foot.
所以你不会说 'I went by walk'.
So you don't say I went by walk.
不会。
No.
你会说 'I went on foot'.
You'd say I went on foot.
明白吗？
Okay?
是的。
Yeah.
还有一些其他情况，比如 'in' 和 'on'.
There's other things as well, like in and on.
'in' 和 'on'.
In and on.
所以我在公交车上。
So I'm on a bus.
我坐火车。
I'm on a train.
我坐飞机。
I'm on a plane.
但我坐车里。
But I in a car.
在出租车里。
In a taxi.
是的。
Yeah.
不是坐车，是坐出租车。
Not on a car, on a taxi.
那为什么呢？
So why?
为什么我们说坐公交车？
Why do we say on the bus?
嗯，我有个朋友对这个问题有个理论，他说如果你能站起来，能在这种交通工具上直立站立，就可以用‘on’。
Well, there's a theory that a friend of mine has got about this and he says that if you can stand up, if you can stand up on your feet when you're in this thing, then you can say on.
所以想想看，在公交车上你能站起来，在火车上你能站起来，在马背上你能站起来，在自行车上你能站起来，在摩托车上你能站起来，但在车里你不能站起来，在出租车里你也站不起来。
So think about it, on a bus you can stand up, on a train you can stand up, on a horse you can stand up, on a bicycle you can stand up, on a motorbike you can stand up, but in a car you can't stand up, In taxi, you can't stand up.
我觉得这个说法挺有道理的。
Sounds pretty reasonable to me.
在船上，你能在船上站起来。
On a boat, you can stand up on a boat.
在潜艇里，你也能在潜艇里站起来。
On a submarine, you can stand up on a submarine.
其实你也可以用‘in’来形容船或潜艇。
You could also say in a boat or in a submarine, actually.
下一个是在午夜。
Next one is at midnight.
在午夜。
At midnight.
我的许多学生认为，'midnight' 指的是半夜天黑的时候。
And it seems that many of my students believe that at midnight means, like, in the middle of the night when it's dark outside.
比如，我半夜因为窗外有奇怪的声音而醒了过来。
For example, I woke up at midnight because there was a strange sound outside my window.
但实际上，'midnight' 指的就是晚上12点，确切地说是12:00。
But actually, at midnight means at 12:00 at night, specifically at 12:00.
这就是'midnight'的意思。
That's what midnight means.
明白吗？
Okay?
在12:00。
At 12:00.
所以，如果凌晨两点三十，天还黑着，你应该说'在半夜'。
So otherwise, if it's like 02:30 in the morning and it's dark outside, you say in the middle of the night.
我是在半夜醒来的，而不是在midnight醒来的，因为midnight仅仅指12:00。
I woke up in the middle of the night, not I woke up at midnight, because midnight is just 12:00.
只有一分钟。
It's one minute.
就在12:00这一分钟。
Just one minute at 12:00.
接下来，我听到学生说类似这样的话：我来伦敦学英语。
Next one is I hear students say things like, I came to London for study English.
我来伦敦学英语。
I came to London for study English.
这时候，我们应该用to study。
Now there, we would use to study.
这是不定式，用来说明做某事的目的。
That's an infinitive to describe the purpose of why you've done something.
所以我说：我来伦敦学英语，而不是我来伦敦for study，而是我来伦敦to study英语。
So I came to London to study English, not I came to London for study, but I came to London to study English.
我们来看一下。
Let's see.
另一个是同样的错误。
Another one is same like.
所以你和我一样。
So you are the same like me.
你和我一样，但应该用‘the same as’。
You are the same like me, and it should be the same as.
几乎总是用‘the same as’。
It's almost always the same as.
你和我一样。
You're the same as me.
明白吗？
Okay?
是的。
Yeah.
我们还使用‘such as’来举例。
We use also such as as a way of giving giving examples.
所以你会说像足球和网球这样的热门运动。
So you'd say popular sports such as football and tennis.
不会说像足球和网球这样的不热门运动。
Not popular sports as football and tennis.
不，不是。
No.
你会说像足球和网球这样的热门运动，或者说足球和网球这类热门运动。
You'd say popular sports such as football and tennis or popular sports like football and tennis.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以是像足球和网球这样的热门运动，或者说足球和网球这类热门运动。
So popular sports like football and tennis or popular sports such as football and tennis.
下一个词是单词'woman'的复数形式。
Next one is the word is the plural for the word woman.
所以有一个男人，一个女人，两个男人，两个女人。
So you have one man, one woman, two men, and two women.
女性
Women.
明白了吗？
Okay?
不是womans，也不是woman。
So not womans or woman.
不对。
No.
是women。
It's women.
两个女性。
Two women.
一个女性，两个女性。
One woman, two women.
我经常听到这个错误。
I hear that mistake all the time.
我教的那些英语水平非常高的学习者，仍然会犯这个错误。
Even the very advanced learners of English that I teach still make that mistake.
所以是两个女人。
So it's two women.
明白吗？
Okay?
一个孩子，两个孩子。
And one child, two children.
所以不是两个childs。
So not two childs.
不对。
No.
两个孩子。
Two children.
明白吗？
Okay?
人这个词也是同样的情况。
And the same with the word person.
所以一个人，两个人。
So one person, two people.
明白吗？
Okay?
在一般英语中，你会说 people。
Now in general English, you would say people.
我经常听到学生说 persons。
I hear students saying persons a lot.
persons 这个词确实存在，但它并不常用在一般英语中。
Now the the word persons does exist, but it's not really in general English.
它多用于法律英语或非常正式的英语中，指代个体，也就是 persons。
It's used in things like legal English or very formal English to describe, you know, individuals, so persons.
但在日常会话英语中，你应该说 people，而不是 persons。
But in general, conversational English, you would say people, not persons.
persons 听起来太正式、太法律化了。
Persons sounds too formal, too legal.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以应该说 people。
So it's people instead.
接下来是短语 in spite of 或 despite。
Next is the expression in spite of or despite.
in spite of 和 despite 意思相同，用法也一样。
And in spite of and despite mean the same thing, and they're used in the same way.
但我经常听到学生在这上面犯错。
But I often hear students making mistakes with that.
我听到有人说：in spite of he was tired，he did the washing up。
I hear things like, in spite of he was tired, he he did the washing up.
in spite of he was tired，he did the washing up。
In spite of he was tired, he did the washing up.
洗碗是指你在家清洗餐具。
The washing up is when you clean the dishes in your house.
所以‘in spite of he was tired’是不对的。
So in spite of he was tired.
所以不应该是那样。
So it shouldn't be that.
应该是‘in spite of the fact that he was tired’。
It should be in spite of the fact that he was tired.
明白吗？
Okay?
或者说‘despite the fact that he was tired’。
Or despite the fact that he was tired.
或者说‘in spite of being tired，他还是洗了碗’。
Or maybe in spite of being tired, he did the washing up.
或者说‘despite being tired，他还是洗了碗’。
Or despite being tired, he did the washing up.
你可能会说，尽管。
You might say, although.
尽管他很累，他还是洗了碗。
Although he was tired, he did the washing up.
所以尽管他很累，他还是洗了碗。
So although he was tired, he did the washing up.
或者尽管他很累，他还是洗了碗。
Or in spite of the fact that he was tired, he did the washing up.
或者尽管他很累，他还是洗了碗。
Or despite the fact that he was tired, he did the washing up.
或者尽管累了，他还是洗了碗。
Or despite being tired, he did the washing up.
或者虽然累了，他还是洗了碗。
Or in spite of being tired, he did the washing up.
希望你都明白了。
I hope you got all that.
你知道，你可以访问网页，看到所有这些内容都被写下来了。
You know, you can you can visit the web page and see all these things written down.
我要把这些内容写下来，然后你可以核对一下。
I'm gonna write these things down, and then you can check them.
所以请访问网页：http://teacherluke.podomatic.com。
So do visit the web page, httpcolon//teacherluke.podomatic.com.
你可以在那里看到所有这些内容都被写下来。
You can see all of these things being written down there.
明白吗？
Okay?
很不错，对吧？
It's good, isn't it?
太棒了。
It's brilliant.
你能相信吗？
Can you believe it?
你能相信吗？这些内容居然都能在网上直接获取？
Can you believe that you just get this stuff just online?
比如，我想知道有没有人做过关于英语学习者常犯错误的播客。
Like, oh, I think I wonder if anyone has done a podcast about common errors that learners of English make.
你知道的，就是那些英语学习者总在犯、其实不该犯的错误？
You know, those things that learners of English always do that they shouldn't do?
如果他们能改正这些错误，英语水平会大幅提升，在雅思、剑桥第一英语证书（FCE）和剑桥高级英语证书（CAE）考试中也会取得更好的成绩。
And if they stop doing them, their English would be, like, a lot better, and they'd get much better results in their IELTS and their FCE and CAE exams.
那些典型的错误，考官一听就会失望，然后给你打低分。
All those typical errors that when an examiner hears them, he kind of gets disappointed and gives you a bad mark.
我到哪里才能找到一个播客，有人详细讲解所有这些错误呢？
Where where can I find a podcast where someone explains all of those things?
好了，各位，你们刚刚已经发现了，这就是卢克的英语播客。
Well, you've just discovered it, ladies and gentlemen, and it's called Luke's English podcast.
没错。
That's right.
你正在收听的正是正确的内容。
You're listening to the the the right thing here.
这将帮你纠正那些一直犯的小错误。
This is gonna fix those little mistakes that you keep making.
好的。
Okay.
在这期关于学生常见错误的大型播客里，还剩几个小错误。
Just a few mistakes left in this big podcast about student errors.
我们来看一下。
Let's see.
我们有这个表达：used to used to used to。
We've got the expression used to used to used to.
我这里有一句话。
And I've got the the sentence here.
我们习惯于生活在寒冷的气候中。
We are used to live in a cold climate.
我们习惯住在寒冷的气候中。
We are used to live in a cold climate.
错了。
Wrong.
应该是：我们习惯住在寒冷的气候中。
Should be we are used to living in a cold climate.
这是因为 'used to'，拼写是 u-s-e-d-t-o，'used to'。
That's because used to, u s e d t o, used to.
注意这里的发音。
Note the pronunciation there.
'Used to'。
Used to.
不是 'uzed to'，而是 'used to'。
Not u zed to, but used to.
我们来看一下。
Let's see.
Used to 有两个用法。
Used to has got two uses.
希望这不会让你感到困惑。
I hope that's not confusing.
Used to 可以用来表达两种不同的意思。
Used to can be used for two different things.
一方面，used to 表示过去经常做但现在不再做的事。
So on one hand, used to means something you did regularly in the past, you don't do it anymore.
我以前住在日本。
I used to live in Japan.
我以前抽烟，但现在不抽了。
I used to smoke, but I don't smoke anymore.
明白了吗？
Okay?
另一个是 be used to，后面接 -ing 形式。
The other one is be used to, and then an I n g form.
所以我适应了住在英格兰。
So I am used to living in England.
我一辈子都住在这里，所以我适应了这里的生活。
I've been living here all my life, so I'm used to living here.
这意味着对它已经习惯了。
And that means to be accustomed to it.
所以以前很难。
So it was difficult before.
现在不难了。
It's not difficult now.
因此，句子 'We are used to live in a cold climate' 应该是 'We are used to living in a cold climate'。
So that sentence, we are used to live in a cold climate, should be we are used to living in a cold climate.
意思是，我习惯生活在寒冷的气候中，因为我已经这样生活很久了。
Meaning, I'm I'm comfortable living in a cold climate because I've been doing it for a long time.
明白吗？
Okay?
所以一方面，我过去经常做某事。
So that's on one hand, I used to do something in the past regularly.
我现在不做了。
I don't do it now.
另一方面，我习惯做某事，意思是我现在对它感到适应。
On the other hand, I am used to doing something, which means that I'm okay with it now.
这感觉很正常。
It feels normal.
因为长期做这件事，所以感觉很自然。
It feels natural because I've been doing it for a long time.
明白吗？
Okay?
还有几件事。
Couple of other things.
一个是问题：他是什么样的人？或者它是什么样的？
One is the question, what is he like or what is it like?
所以，举个例子，他是个什么样的人？
So for example, what is he like?
错误的答案是：他喜欢足球。
The wrong answer is he likes Football.
正确的答案是：他是个非常好的人。
And the right answer is he's a really nice guy.
他是个什么样的人？
What is he like?
他人很好。
He's really nice.
他喜欢什么？
What does he like?
他喜欢足球。
He likes football.
明白吗？
Okay?
那么他是什么样的人？或者那是什么样的？
So what is he like or what is it like?
那是什么感觉？
What was it like?
这是非常常见的问题，用来大致了解某事物的品质，获取关于某事物的信息。
Very common questions, and they're just used to kind of ask about the quality of something, to to to get information about something.
这部电影怎么样？
What was the movie like?
好的。
Okay.
你喜欢它吗？
Did you enjoy it?
你的假期过得怎么样？
How was your holiday?
那是什么感觉？
What was it like?
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