What Anthropic's copyright settlement means

现在的供应链。

Supply chains today.

我们已经有一阵子没聊这个了。

It's been a while since we've talked about them.

来个蜂蜜芥末鸡三明治怎么样？

How about a nice honey mustard chicken sandwich?

然后我们去山里，呼吸点新鲜空气，看看漆黑的夜空。

And then we'll go to the mountains for some fresh air and dark skies.

来自美国公共媒体，这里是《市场》节目。

From American public media, this is Marketplace.

我是凯尔·里斯达尔，来自洛杉矶。

In Los Angeles, I'm Kyle Risdahl.

今天是2021年7月，星期二。

It is Tuesday July '21.

感谢大家一路相伴，一如既往地好。

Good as always to have you along, everybody.

今天我们从一个仓库的装卸平台说起，这个仓库负责为你们当地的杂货店，或者附近五金店供货。

Our starting point today is the loading dock at the warehouse that supplies your local grocery store or maybe your neighborhood hardware store.

更具体一点，是那辆停在装卸平台后面的半挂卡车。

More specifically, the semi truck that's backed up to that loading dock.

再具体一点，是那辆卡车上两个巨大的油箱，容量大概三百加仑左右。

And even more specifically, the two huge fuel tanks that truck has, maybe 300 gallons capacity, give or take.

现在柴油每加仑5.14美元，AAA刚公布的，你自己算算看。

And with diesel at $5.14 a gallon today, so says AAA, I mean, you do the math.

每桶原油的价格总是最受关注。

The per barrel price of oil gets most of the headlines.

对。

Yes.

包括我在内的很多人都得承认，我们也有责任。

Present company included mea culpa.

但现实是，把货物运遍全国的直接运输成本，是推高整体物价的关键因素之一。

But the reality is that the straight up cost of driving goods around the country is a huge part of what is driving up costs overall.

上个月，卡车运输费用比去年同期上涨了近30%。

Last month, trucking rates were up almost 30% over the same time a year ago.

这是DAT货运与分析公司的数据。

That's according to the DAT Freight and Analytics.

消费者正承受着压力。

And consumers are getting squeezed.

是的。

Yes.

我们都明白。

We know that.

但正如市场观察员贾斯汀·霍今天报道的，小企业也同样被压得喘不过气。

But as marketplace's Justin Ho reports today to get us going, small businesses are getting squeezed too.

今年年初油价飙升以来，兰迪·乔治一直在为他在佛蒙特州米德尔塞克斯经营的红鹤烘焙公司支付更高的运输成本来采购原料。

Ever since oil prices spiked earlier this year, Randy George has been paying more to truck in ingredients for the bakery he runs in Middlesex, Vermont called Red Hen Baking Company.

我们通常看到油价这种暴涨时，都会出现燃油附加费。

What we normally see when we see these kinds of spikes is the fuel surcharge.

乔治说，这直接影响了黄油、坚果、橄榄和面粉的成本。

George says that's affecting the cost of butter, nuts, olives, and flour.

一整车面粉能装26吨。

A trailer truck can hold 26 tons of flour.

我知道这个，因为我们都是整车采购的。

I know that because we buy it by the truckload.

26吨啊，每跑一英里都要消耗大量燃油。

26 tons, that's a lot of fuel in every mile.

燃油并不是让运输成本上升的唯一原因。

Fuel isn't the only thing that's making transportation more expensive.

企业还得继续支付关税附加费。

Businesses are still having to pay tariff surcharges.

就连这些公司收取的基本运费，我们也一直在涨。

Even just the overall rate that these companies are charging, we see that going up all the time.

这是来自威斯康星州麦迪逊的Natural Contract Manufacturing公司创始人凯尔·拉丰德说的，这家公司生产除臭剂、护肤霜等男士护理产品。

That's Kyle Lafonde, the founder of Natural Contract Manufacturing, a company in Madison, Wisconsin that makes deodorants, skin creams, and other men's grooming products.

他说，公司一直在尽力从国内供应商采购更多原料，以降低关税成本。

He says the company's been doing what it can to buy more supplies from domestic companies to help bring down its tariff costs.

如果能找到国内厂家生产我们之前从海外进口的原料，那当然是好事。

If I can find a domestic manufacturer of an ingredient that we've been sourcing overseas, that's obviously a win.

但拉丰德表示，他们不可能完全依赖国内制造商。

But Lafonne says he can't rely on domestic manufacturers for everything.

而且不管怎样，产品还是得靠卡车运输。

And either way, he still has to truck those products in.

所以为了应对运输成本上涨，

So to help the company deal with the higher cost of trucking

我们正在制定一个方案，把这部分成本转嫁给客户，收取一定的燃油和物流附加费。

We're developing a plan to basically transfer those costs to our clients, to have our own fuel transportation and shipping, surcharge of some sort.

并不是所有企业都会把这些上涨的成本转嫁给消费者。

Not every business is passing on these higher costs.

帕特·韦伦是布鲁克林一家名为Zahati Fine Foods的杂货店老板，这家店专门销售地中海和中东地区的食品。

Pat Whalen is president of Zahati Fine Foods, a grocery store in Brooklyn that specializes in selling products from The Mediterranean in The Middle East.

他说最近几个月，运输成本上涨了大约百分之十到十二。

He says his trucking costs have gone up around 10 to 12% in recent months.

但目前他只能自己承担这笔额外开销。

But for now, he's just gonna eat that cost.

如果你每次涨个百分之二、三、四，甚至八或十二，都立马调整，那整天都别干别的了。

If you're gonna react every two or three or four, eight or 12% move, you would spend your entire day adjusting.

韦伦说，他现在正多进口一些商品，比如香料和橄榄油，以防燃油费再涨或者关税再次上调。

Waylon says he is importing more products right now, including spices and olive oil, in case fuel costs rise even more or if tariffs go up again.

但他表示，也没多买太多。

But he says he's not overdoing it.

我大概多备了百分之二十，不是五十，不是八十，更不是两百，就差不多百分之二十，再多一点吧。

I'm probably at 20 more, not 50, not 80, not 200, maybe 20% more, maybe a little bit.

资金成本还是很高。

Capital is still expensive.

利率目前依然处于相对高位。

Interest rates are still relatively high.

仓储费用也还是挺高的。

Storage rates are still relatively high.

经历了疫情和总统频繁变动的关税政策之后，韦隆说，他不会再对任何一个供应链问题过度反应。

And after going through the pandemic and the president's rapidly changing tariff policies, Waylon says he knows not to overreact to any one supply chain challenge.

你得学会别被当天突然炸开的大事牵着鼻子走。

You learn not to get caught up in the big bomb that blew up in front of you that day.

明天可能又来一个，后天可能再来一个，我就一天一天地应对吧。

Then there may be another one tomorrow, and there may be another one after that, and I'm just gonna take it day by day.

与此同时，佛蒙特州一家面包店的老板兰迪·乔治正在扩建一个仓库，今年晚些时候就会投入使用。

Meanwhile, Randy George, who runs the bakery in Vermont, has been building out a warehouse that the business will start using later this year.

这样他就能在店里多存点面粉，乔治说，这让他能直接从本地磨坊采购更多面粉。

That will let him store more flour on-site, and George says that'll let him buy more flour from local mills.

只要我们的采购量足够大，就能直接和磨坊合作。

As long as the, volume that we purchase is high enough, it allows us to work directly with the mill.

能更多依赖本地磨坊，就能减少对远处分销商的依赖。

And being able to rely more on local mills will let them rely less on flour distributors farther away.

从150英里外运来，所用的燃油比从2000英里外运少多了。

When it comes from a 150 miles away, that's far less fuel than it would be if it came from 2,000 miles away.

换句话说，更短的供应链成本也可能更低。

In other words, shorter supply chains can be cheaper too.

我是贾斯汀·豪，来自《市场》节目。

I'm Justin Howe for Marketplace.

今天原油价格，为了把话题收个尾，又涨了几个百分点。

Crude oil today just to close the loop here, up another couple percent.

布伦特原油价格几乎涨到了每桶92美元，因为总统在中东的军事行动还在扩大。

Brent North sees it almost 92 a barrel as the president's war in The Middle East spreads.

在华尔街，人工智能又重新赢得了交易员们的青睐，我想是这样。

On Wall Street, AI is back in traders' good graces, I suppose.

等我们做完数据统计，再给大家详细说。

We will have the details when we do the numbers.

在Jersey Mike's三明治店，一个三明治要卖十到十二美元。

A sub at Jersey Mike's, the sandwich chain, will run you 10 or $12.

你买个三明治，再加点薯条和饮料，总共还不到二十块。

You're out the door for less than 20 probably with chips and a drink.

或者你可以省下这笔钱，试试参与迈克的首次公开募股，他们现在想筹集超过十亿美元。

Or you could save your money and try to get in on Mike's initial public offering in which it is trying to raise more than a billion dollars.

迈克公司在2025年得到了黑石的支持，现在选择在这样一个特殊时机登陆资本市场。

Mike's got backing from Blackstone in 2025 and is going to the capital markets at kind of an interesting time.

首先，现在是个特别适合科技公司上市的时机。

First of all, this is a very technology friendly IPO moment.

看看SpaceX、Anthropic和OpenAI这些公司，但另一方面，消费者现在的可支配支出也挺犹豫的。

Looking at you, SpaceX and Anthropic and OpenAI, But also consumers are a bit touch and go right now with their discretionary spending.

《市场》的克里斯滕·施瓦布关注这个三明治经济。

Marketplaces' Kristen Schwab looks at the sandwich economy.

约翰·戈登偶尔会去 Jersey Mike's，一方面是因为他作为餐饮分析师和顾问的工作需要，另一方面也是因为他真的喜欢那里。

John Gordon visits Jersey Mike's now and then, partly because it's his job as a restaurant analyst and consultant, partly because he likes it.

我总是点蜂蜜芥末鸡肉三明治。

I always ordered the honey mustard chicken item.

我特别喜欢鸡肉，也喜欢带点辣味的酱料。

I I really like chicken, and I like kind of the spicy sauces.

他还喜欢这家店有现烤的烤架。

He also likes that the shop has a grill.

赛百味用的是烤箱。

Subway has ovens.

那杰瑞米克有什么不一样呢？

What's also different about Jersey Mike's?

他们很少搞促销活动。

It doesn't run many discounts.

尤其是赛百味，促销多得让人受不了。

In particular, Subway does just a gross amount of discounting.

‘多’的意思是多到让人反感。

Gross as in horrible.

明白吧？

Okay?

戈登说，打折会拉低品牌的档次。

Gordon says discounts cheapen the brand.

和赛百味不同，杰里米克的门店不全是加盟店。

And unlike Subway, Jersey Mike's doesn't only have franchises.

它还有公司直营的店铺。

It also has company owned stores.

你得亲自经营餐馆，才能明白其中的门道。

You have to run restaurants to know what's going on.

我们知道现在聊的主要是赛百味，但说实话，杰里米克的不少增长，其实得益于对手的衰退——这是Technomic餐饮行业研究总监凯文·施姆普的说法。

I know we're focusing a lot on Subway in a story about Jersey Mike's, but honestly, a lot of Jersey Mike's growth has to do with its rival's downfall, says Kevin Schimpf, director of restaurant industry research at Technomic.

赛百味在美国仍然是最大的三明治连锁品牌。

Subway is still the biggest sandwich chain in The US.

但他们关掉了成千上万家门店，正是这些门店的关闭，为杰里米克腾出了扩张的空间。

But they've closed thousands of locations, and them closing so many locations has really opened up this space for Jersey Mike's to grow into.

而它的增长确实很明显。

And grow it has.

施密夫说，他们一直稳扎稳打，过去十五年左右每年门店数量都实现两位数增长。

Slow and steady, says Schimpf, averaging double digit location expansion each year for the past fifteen or so years.

这才是正确的做法。

That's the way to do it.

我的意思是，这确实是唯一正确的做法。

I mean, that is really the way to do it.

这家三明治公司可能会用这笔钱继续扩张，包括进军国际市场。

The sandwich company will probably use the money to continue expanding, including internationally.

施密夫说，最近很少有连锁品牌选择上市。

Shimpf says not many chains have been going public lately.

上一次有餐饮企业上市，还是去年秋天的黑石咖啡吧。

The last food and drink operator to join the market was BlackRock Coffee Bar last fall.

我觉得，这有点冒险。

It is a little bit risky, I would say.

你知道，单靠餐饮连锁品牌本身，在消费市场上就很容易波动、不稳定。

You know, restaurant chains just by themselves can be kind of volatile and fickle in the consumer space.

今年到目前为止，标普的汽车业指数下跌了大约百分之三。

The S and P's restaurant index is down about 3% this year.

我是克里斯滕·施瓦布，来自《市场》节目。

I'm Kristen Schwab for Marketplace.

今天的重磅企业新闻来自密歇根州底特律，具体来说就是通用汽车。今天早上，他们公布了季度利润。

The corporate story of the day comes out of Detroit, Michigan General Motors to be specific, which reported quarterly profits this morning.

用‘强劲’来形容很合适，公司还上调了全年盈利预期。

Strong is a fair characterization, and the company raised its full year earnings outlook as well.

通用汽车表示，消费者——这也不是第一家这么说的公司了——

Consumers, GM says, and GM is far from the first company to say this.

尽管面临各种压力，消费者依然坚挺，仍然热衷于购买平均售价五万两千美元的皮卡和SUV。

Consumers are, despite all the pressure on them, resilient and still interested in buying trucks and SUVs averaging $52,000 a pop.

正如《市场》的萨曼莎·菲尔兹报道的，这其中蕴含着一些经济信号。

And as Marketplaces, Samantha Fields reports, therein lies some economic indicators.

大型皮卡和SUV是目前利润最高的车型，而通用汽车卖得非常多。

Big trucks and SUVs are the most profitable cars out there, and GM sells a lot of them.

他们卖的卡车和SUV占了95%以上，而整个行业平均只有78%。

Trucks and SUVs actually make up over 95% of what they sell versus the 78% industry wide.

科克斯汽车的埃琳·基廷说，因为通用几乎不再生产小型普通轿车，他们卖的车平均价格自然就上去了。

Erin Keating at Cox Automotive says because GM has basically stopped making smaller regular cars, the average price of what they're selling is naturally gonna be higher.

当你的产品线这么集中地偏向六万到九万美元的卡车和SUV时，平均价格怎么可能不涨？

When your lineup skews that hard towards 60 to $90,000 trucks and SUVs, the average price just goes up.

根据汽车预测解决方案公司的萨姆·菲奥拉尼的说法，通用还受益于福特最近供应链出问题，没法生产太多受欢迎的F系列皮卡。

GM has also benefited from the fact that Ford has been dealing with supply chain issues and hasn't been able to make as many of its popular f series pickups lately, according to Sam Fiorani at Auto Forecast Solutions.

这些利润很高的车型现在更赚钱了，因为经销商不再压价了。

These very profitable vehicles are now even more profitable because dealers aren't negotiating for lower prices.

当消费者选择变少，有货可卖的公司就掌握了主动权。

When consumers have fewer options, companies with something to offer have the upper hand.

菲奥拉尼说，现在买任何新车都是一笔不小的开支，不管你看的是哪一种。

Fiorani says buying any new car is also just a lot of money these days, almost no matter what kind you're looking at.

全国的平均价格也在朝着通用的方向走。

The national average is heading in the same direction that GM is.

所以五万两千美元离现在的全国均价其实没差多少。

So $52,000 is not that far from where the national average is today.

市场整体在上涨，车子也越来越贵。

The market is moving up and vehicles are just getting more expensive.

主要是因为大多数车企已经不再生产小型便宜的车型了。

Largely because most carmakers have stopped making smaller cheaper models.

如今的新车几乎都比过去多了更多科技配置和安全功能。

And nearly all new cars today have more technology and safety features than they used to.

Mobility Global的斯蒂芬妮·布林利说，现在大约五万美元的新车，已经成了新常态。

Stephanie Brinley at Mobility Global says at this point, the roughly $50,000 new car has just kind of become the new normal.

二手车价格也一直维持在较高水平，所以买二手车并不总是明智之选。

Used car prices have remained relatively high as well, so going used isn't always the right answer.

而且很多人也只是觉得，得想办法把车买下来。

And there's a bit of just I have to make it work.

她说，对车企有利的另一点是，这并不仅仅是半数人的问题。

She says the other thing working to car companies advantage is that it's not just about half do.

很多人想要一辆不错的全新SUV，也愿意为此花钱。

A lot of people want a nice new SUV, and they're willing to pay for it.

我是萨曼莎·菲尔兹，来自《市场》。

I'm Samantha Fields for Marketplace.

嗨。

Hey.

还有人记得以前那种实体媒介吗？比如报纸，或者家里放的DVD电影？

Anybody remember actual physical media like a newspaper or a movie at home maybe on a DVD?

几乎一切都被数字化了，我们的媒体内容——不管是不是自己买的——现在都存在网上。

The digitization of almost everything means more of our media, whether we've bought it or not, lives online.

很多公司干脆彻底取消了实体版本。

And a lot of companies are just doing away with hard copies for good.

比如索尼就说，他们将停止为PlayStation生产实体光盘。

Sony, for instance, says it's gonna stop producing physical disks for its PlayStations.

莎伦·哈丁前几天在《Ars Technica》上写了这件事。

Sharon Harding wrote about that the other day in Ars Technica.

谢谢您参加这个节目。

Thanks for coming on the program.

谢谢邀请我。

Thanks for having me.

索尼对于不再生产光盘这个决定，具体是怎么说的？

What is Sony saying about this decision to, to ditch its discs, if you will?

是的。

Yeah.

索尼最近宣布，从2028年1月起，将不再为新款PlayStation游戏生产实体光盘。

So Sony recently announced that as of January 2028, it will not be producing physical discs for new PlayStation games.

这意味着，从那时起，如果你想在PlayStation上玩任何新游戏，都必须从索尼的PlayStation商店这样的数字平台下载。

So that means that, in order to play any new game after that point on a PlayStation, you're gonna have to digitally download it from a digital storefront like Sony's PlayStation Store.

深入看看细则，索尼明确表示，你实际上不再拥有这些内容了。

And digging into the fine print, Sony literally says, in part, you don't own this thing anymore, basically.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Right.

对。

Yes.

如果你看看索尼PlayStation的服务条款，里面确实写着，原文是：你可以按照许可中描述的方式使用产品，但你并不拥有该产品。

If you look at, PlayStation's terms of service, they do, say, and I quote, you can use a product in the ways described in the license, but you do not own the product.

所以本质上，当你购买一款数字版游戏，甚至是一部流媒体电影或剧集时，你并不是在购买这些内容作为你的财产。

So essentially, what you're buying when you buy, a digital copy of a game or even a movie or show that you stream, you're not actually buying that media as your property.

你实际购买的，只是使用、观看或游玩这些内容的授权许可。

Instead, what you're buying is a license to use that product and and view it and play it, what have you.

而这个授权可能会失效，比如如果你购买的公司失去了分发这些内容的权限——这种情况以前就发生过。

And that license can go away if the company that you bought it from loses the right to distribute that content, which we've seen happen before.

是的。

Yeah.

内容被下架的这种情况，正是我想请你上节目聊一聊的原因，毕竟我们已经见过不少了。

That going away thing is the reason I wanted to get you on the phone because, I mean, we've seen this.

那是好几年前的事了，我觉得。

It was a number of years ago, I think.

亚马逊那时候从用户的库里面删内容，各种情况都有。

Amazon was taking things out of people's libraries and all this.

我们其实并不拥有自己以为拥有的东西了。

I mean, we we don't own what we think we own anymore.

是的。

Yeah.

说实话，我本人也遇到过这种情况。

I mean, I think I mean, I've been there personally before.

就拿亚马逊来说，我几年前买过一部电影，后来想再看，却发现找不到了。

I I've even with Amazon specifically, I bought a movie maybe a couple years ago and tried to watch it again.

它真的消失了。

It's not there.

我明明记得自己买过的。

I could swear that I bought it.

然后你看看亚马逊的商店，说不定那部片子根本就找不到了。

And then, you know, I'd look on Amazon storefront and they may not even have it anymore.

所以我才失去了继续观看的权利。

And that's why I lost, the right to to watch it.

索尼在这方面其实早有先例，经常从用户的库中移除内容。

Sony specifically actually has a history or some history of, removing content from people's libraries.

就在最近，他们还下架了由Studio Canal公司制作和发行的电影。

Even recently, they have removed movies produced and distributed by a company called Studio Canal.

所以所有来自这家公司的电影，都在英国、德国和澳大利亚被从用户库中删掉了。

So any movie from that company was removed from people's libraries in The UK, Germany, Australia.

就连在美国，索尼也删除了人们原本随实体碟购买的Funimation影片的数字版本。

And even here in The US, Sony has erased people's digital copies of Funimation DVDs and Blu rays that originally came with the purchases of those physical copies.

顺便说一句，索尼是Funimation的母公司。

And Sony owns Funimation, by the way.

我不想说得太玄乎，但确实感觉，当我们连拥有权都失去的时候，我们失去的不只是东西。

So I don't wanna get all metaphysical on you here, but it feels like we kinda lose something when we lose the right to actually own it.

你懂的。

You know?

没错。

Yeah.

我的意思是，首先你连分享都做不到，像这种公司根本不让你把内容传给他人。

I mean, you lose for one thing, and this is, you know, companies like this, you can't share them the content.

你没法把最爱的游戏借给朋友。

You can't share your favorite game with a friend.

你没法分享一张DVD。

You can't share DVD.

还有另一个问题，就像我说的，某天早上你醒来，发现那款游戏或者那部电影突然就看不到了。

And the other issue is, like I said, you might wake up and you just don't have access to that game anymore or that that movie.

而你根本无能为力，因为这产品明明标着‘立即购买’或‘一次性购入’。

And there there really isn't anything you could do about that because the product might have been labeled as a buy now or purchase now.

说到底，你最多只是长期租用而已。

You're really just at best renting it long term.

索尼当然是这次讨论的重点，但你知道，这事儿迟早会波及所有人。

Sony is obviously the focus of this conversation, but, you know, it's going to everybody else.

微软也逃不掉。

It's going to Microsoft.

亚马逊也一样。

It's going to Amazon.

其实别家公司迟早都会这么做。

Mean, everybody else is gonna be doing this.

是的。

Yeah.

而且消费者也越来越能接受了。

Especially, it's getting a more accepted by the consumers as well.

对吧？

Right?

我们现在看剧看电影，不都在往流媒体转吗？

Like, we're moving to streaming services for entertainment.

很多

A lot

很多东西都转到线上了。

a lot of things are moving online.

但也有不少人反而比以前更愿意投资实体媒介了。

But, there's also movement from people, who are investing more in physical media than they did before.

他们大多是收藏爱好者，也有些人只是希望对自己的产品有更多掌控权——因为DVD和蓝光碟如果保存得当，能用上几十年，甚至一辈子。

And, you know, they're they're collectors, and they're also people that just want to have more control over their products because, you know, DVDs and Blu rays, those can really last decades or even a lifetime if if you take care of them properly.

但如果你依赖数字下载，就完全不是这么回事了。

But that's just not the case anymore when you rely on these digital downloads.

确实不再像以前那样了。

Not anymore indeed.

RS Techneco的莎朗·哈丁。

Sharon Harding at RS Techneco.

莎朗，非常感谢。

Sharon, thanks a lot.

感谢你抽出时间。

I appreciate your time.

谢谢你邀请我。

Thanks for having me.

接下来。

Coming up.

这事儿不是一拍脑袋就能办成的。

You can't do this at the snap of a finger.

那你踩一下脚跟试试？

What if you click your heels?

那样行得通吗？

Would that work?

不过在那之前，先看下数据。

First, though, let's do the numbers.

今天道琼斯工业指数上涨了385点，大约百分之零点七五，收于52,224点。

Dow Industrials gained 385 points today about three quarters of 1%, 52,224.

纳斯达克指数上涨了329点。

The Nasdaq gained 329 points.

涨幅1.3%，收在25837点。

That is 1.3%, twenty five thousand eight hundred and thirty seven on that particular index.

标普500指数增加了65点，涨了0.9%，报7509点。

The S and P 500 added 65 points, nine tenths percent, seventy five and nine.

通用汽车今天上涨了4.9%。

GM, General Motors revved up four and nine tenths percent today.

竞争对手福特，就是生产F-150系列的那家。

Competitor Ford, maker of the f one six f one fifty series.

我不太清楚F-150是什么车。

I don't know what an f one sixty is.

不过它今天也涨了2%。

Anyway, it gained 2%.

斯泰兰蒂斯，生产拉姆卡车和吉普车的公司，小幅上涨了约0.5%。

Stellantis, which makes Ram trucks and Jeep vehicles, ticked up about a half percent.

玩具制造商孩之宝第二季度的盈利超过了预期。

Toy maker Hasbro's second quarter earnings beat expectations.

公司把收入增长部分归功于其数字游戏部门，其中包括《万智牌》和《龙与地下城》这类卡牌游戏。

The company credited higher revenues in part to its digital gaming division, which includes, apparently, magic the gathering and dungeons and dragons card games.

孩之宝当天股价上涨了8.8%。

Hasbro wascended at 8.8% on the day.

债券价格下跌了。

Bond prices went down.

十年期美国国债收益率升至4.63%。

The yield on the ten year t note rose to 4.63%.

您正在收听《市场》。

You are listening to marketplace.

这里是《市场》。

This is Marketplace.

我是凯·里斯达尔。

I'm Kai Risdall.

今天有关于人工智能的新闻，但不是关于哪个平台出了新版本，也不是关于又有多少百亿美金投进了数据中心和芯片。

There is news of artificial intelligence today, news that's not about the latest version of whichever platform is your favorite or however many tens of billions more dollars are being spent on data centers and chips.

这次是法律方面的消息。

It is news of the legal variety.

一位联邦法官批准了Anthropic公司与作者们之间的集体诉讼和解协议，这些作者的作品被用来训练该公司的大型语言模型。

A federal judge has approved the class action settlement between Anthropic and authors whose books the company used to train its large language models.

和解总金额是十亿零五千万美元。

Total price tag, a billion and $0.5.

扣除律师费和其他开支后，每位作者大约能拿到三千美元。

After attorney's fees and other costs, each author gets about $3,000.

这是同类案件中的首笔重大和解，但还有大量针对人工智能公司的诉讼正在等待审理。

This is the first big settlement of its kind, but a whole lot of other lawsuits against AI companies are pending.

正如Marketplace的Nova Safo报道，关于版权以及这些公司如何使用人类创作内容的关键法律问题，目前仍悬而未决。

As Marketplaces Nova Safo reports, key legal questions about copyright and how those companies are using human made content are still way up in the air.

人工智能公司表示，他们可以使用受版权保护的作品来训练模型，依据是法律上的‘合理使用’原则。

AI companies say they can use copyrighted works to train their models because of a legal doctrine called fair use.

一些典型的合理使用案例，比如评论、批评或者戏仿。

Some classic examples of fair use might be commentary, criticism, parody.

威斯康星大学法学院的助理教授本·索贝尔表示，到目前为止，AI公司在这类合理使用主张上都挺成功的。

Ben Sobel, assistant professor of law at the University of Wisconsin, says AI companies have so far been successful with their fair use arguments.

你能感觉到，风向正在往哪儿吹。

You get a sense, you know, of the way the wind is blowing.

就连在Anthropic这个案子中，主审法官也认定他们用受版权保护的书籍训练Claude属于合理使用。

Even in the Anthropic case, the presiding judge found its use of copyrighted books to train Claude was fair use.

从法律角度看，这些结论对AI公司来说总体上是有利的。

The underlying legal conclusions are ones that are relatively good for AI firms.

那既然这样，为什么还要和解呢？

So why settle?

因为法官同时也认定，Anthropic非法复制并存储了数百万本盗版书籍。

Because the judge also found Anthropic illegally copied and stored millions of pirated books.

这只是一个很小的问题。

It was a narrow issue.

詹姆斯·格里梅尔曼是康奈尔大学数字与信息法教授。

James Grimmelman is professor of digital and information law at Cornell.

这对Anthropic来说财务风险极大，所以他们非常有动力支付一大笔赔偿金。

It was financially very dangerous to Anthropic, so they were highly incentivized to cut a large check.

但格里梅尔曼表示，上诉法院仍需对AI公司能否以及如何使用受版权保护的作品这一更大问题作出裁决。

But Grimmelman says appeals courts still need to weigh in on the larger question of if and how AI companies can use copyrighted works.

他们未来会有 plenty 的机会。

They'll have plenty of opportunities ahead.

目前有数十起诉讼正在针对OpenAI、谷歌、微软、Meta等公司。

Dozens of cases are pending against OpenAI, Google, Microsoft, Meta, and others.

这些诉讼几乎来自人类创意的每一个领域。

The lawsuits are coming from essentially every sector of human creativity.

报纸、唱片公司、电影制片厂，等等。

Newspapers, recording labels, movie studios, and more.

AI公司正越来越多地通过达成协议来避免打官司。

AI companies have increasingly been entering into deals to avoid court fights.

我的出版商给我来信，希望我同意让他们把我的书授权给人工智能公司。

I get letters from my publishers asking me to agree to let them license my books to AI companies.

哥伦比亚大学法学院的简·金斯伯格教授，曾编辑或合著了十六本主要关于版权和知识产权的书籍，她已经授予了许可。

Columbia Law professor Jane Ginsberg, who's edited or coauthored 16 books mostly about copyright and intellectual property, has granted permission.

这样做既能为作者带来一些收益，也能对书籍的使用方式保持一定的控制。

It's a means of maybe getting the authors something, also having some control over how the books are used.

不过她说，这类授权协议最终可能会削弱人工智能公司对合理使用的主张。

Although she says such licensing deals could eventually work against AI companies undercutting their fair use claims.

毕竟，她说，如果你确信法律站在你这边，又何必去谈协议呢？

After all, she says, why would you need to cut a deal if you're certain the law is on your side?

我是诺沃萨福，来自《市场》节目。

I'm Novosafo for Marketplace.

如果你曾经有机会远离大城市，甚至远离小城市，到深山里待过，夜晚仰望星空，看到那些在城市里根本看不到的繁星，那真是一种特别的享受。

If you've ever had a chance to be up in the mountains way far away from the big city or even a small city, one of the real joys is just looking up at night and seeing all the stars that you just can't make out when you're surrounded by civilization.

科罗拉多州的布雷肯里奇，距离丹佛一个多小时车程，就希望能让这种景象一直保持下去。

Breckenridge, Colorado, about an hour and a half up in the mountains outside of Denver, wants to make sure things stay that way.

所以这座城市获得了暗夜认证，这意味着居民和商家都换掉了旧的照明设备。

So the city has gotten something called dark sky certification, and that has meant in part homes and businesses swapping out their old lighting fixtures.

但正如Emma Vandenaidi从KUNC发回的报道，保持星空清晰可见并非没有代价。

But as Emma Vandenaidi reports from KUNC, keeping the stars visible does not come without costs.

现在是六月中旬。

It's mid June.

房产主特克·蒙特佩尔站在布雷肯里奇主街一栋红白相间的商业建筑外。

Property owner Turk Montepair stands outside his red and cream commercial building on Main Street in Breckenridge.

这栋楼里有几家店铺，包括户外装备店、按摩中心和美发沙龙。

It has several shops, an outdoor gear store, massage company, and a hair salon.

虽然这里是个滑雪小镇，四周群山高耸，但蒙特佩尔这栋楼以及主路上其他建筑的复古装饰，让整个街区显得格外古朴。

It's in a ski town with tall mountain peaks, but the historic trim of Montepair's building and others on the two lane roadway makes it seem a little more quaint.

蒙特佩尔指着人行道上方的灯具。

Montepair points at the light fixtures above the covered walkway.

这些灯虽然装在遮棚底下，但光线还是太散了，不符合要求。

These, even though they're underneath, diffuse more than they'd want them.

这栋楼的很多灯都不符合小镇的暗空法规。

Many of the building's lights are noncompliant with the town's dark sky regulations.

灯光必须向下照射，灯泡还得用深色灯罩遮起来，比如这样。

The light has to point down, and the bulb must be covered with something like a dark shade, for example.

所以我们现在换成了只朝下照射的灯罩。

So we're getting canisters that go straight down.

上面走道的灯是打算这么改，但他外面墙上还有对着商铺招牌的灯。

That's the plan for the ones above the covered walkway, but he's also got lights pointing at business signs on the outside of the building.

那些就难改多了。

Those are much harder to fix.

每个招牌改掉得花两千美元左右。

It would cost like $2,000 per sign.

所以他干脆就把灯拆了。

So he's just gonna take them out.

照明规定是去年夏天开始生效的。

The lighting regulations went into effect last summer.

布雷肯里奇的官员多年来一直推动保护夜空，为野生动物和游客营造更暗的夜间环境。

Breckenridge leaders have pushed for a dark sky for years to protect the night scape for wildlife and tourists.

研究表明，黑暗的夜空能吸引更多人前来观光消费，同时也有助于保护野生动物的自然栖息地。

Research shows dark skies help draw people to visit and spend money while supporting a natural habitat for wild animals.

但要找到合适的灯具并承担费用，并不是件简单的事。

But finding the right lights and paying for them isn't that simple.

蒙特佩尔一直在联系他的电工，同时也在和镇上协商延长合规期限。

Montepair's been trying to get his electrician in while also working with the town on extending his compliance deadline.

他们给了我时间。

They gave me time.

你知道，这种事不可能一蹴而就。

You know, it isn't you can't do this at the snap of a finger.

过去十年里，全美已有超过一百五十个公园和社区申请了暗空认证。

Over the last decade, more than a 150 parks and communities across the country have pushed for dark sky certification.

这项认证由独立组织‘暗空国际’颁发。

It's given out by Dark Sky International, an independent organization.

布雷肯里奇早在2007年就通过调整照明规范朝着这个方向迈进，这是布雷肯里奇助理镇长朱莉娅·帕斯特的说法。

Breckenridge was already moving in this direction back in 2007 with a change to its lighting code, says Breckenridge assistant town manager Julia Puster.

市议会希望控制当时在全镇迅速蔓延的光污染问题。

The council wanted to get a handle on the light pollution that was really proliferating throughout town.

镇上的大部分要求都符合暗空标准。

Most of the town's requirements lined up with dark sky regulations.

城市照明不能太亮，不能直射上方，也不能造成眩光。

City lights can't be too bright, direct light upward, or cause glare.

虽然镇政府预计要花360万美元升级街灯，但商户和居民得自己负责改造自家的灯具。

While the town is spending an estimated $3,600,000 to upgrade the street lights, business and homeowners are responsible for their own.

帕斯特说，从长远来看，这笔投入是值得的。

Puster says that cost is worth it in the long run.

我们社区和市议会的初衷，就是打造一个让人愿意停留的地方，让人抬头就能看到星空。

It really was the goal for our community and our town council to create somewhere that people wanna be, that people can look up and see the stars.

你知道，我们可不是大城市。

You know, we're we're not a city.

自从去年获得暗空保护区认证后，镇上发了信件，参加了业主协会会议，还专门设立了热线电话和邮箱来解答照明相关的问题。

Since the dark sky designation last year, the town sent out letters, went to HOA meetings, and set up a dedicated hotline and email address to answer lighting questions.

不过，镇上表示仍有三百多处房产不符合规定。

Still, the town says there's more than 300 properties that are noncompliant.

官员们正在努力与居民沟通，但必须有证据才行。

Officials are trying to work with people, but they have to have proof.

如果他们已经买了灯，但货还没到——这种情况其实挺常见的——只要能提供购买凭证，我们就会给点宽限期。

If they've purchased lighting, but it hasn't come in, which is the case a lot of times, and they have shown us that they have purchased those lights, you know, we just grant some additional leeway.

图克·蒙特佩尔就是一位在找合规灯具时遇到困难的居民。

Turk Montepair is one of the residents who's had trouble finding lights.

你去家得宝看看，最多也就六款符合暗空标准的灯，而且根本没专门的区域。

If you go to Home Depot, they have, like, six at most dark sky lights, and then there isn't a section.

你就算去谷歌搜‘暗空灯’，也搜不到多少结果。

If you even Google dark sky lights, not a lot comes up.

这一切都得花钱。

And it all comes at a cost.

为了更换三十多盏灯，蒙特佩尔花了大约五千美元。

To upgrade more than 30 lights, Montepair ended up spending around $5,000.

他认为自家的灯确实对小镇有帮助，但真希望不用花这么多钱。

He thinks his lights have made a difference in town, but he wishes he didn't have to pay thousands for them.

我是艾玛·范德迪德，来自科罗拉多州布雷肯里奇，为您带来市场报道。

In Breckenridge, Colorado, I'm Emma Vandenide for Marketplace.

最后再提一句，说实话，谁都不想再添堵，毕竟大家 already 对物价上涨和它对经济的影响够担心了。

This final note on the way out today in which one hates to add to our mutual concerns about higher prices and what it's gonna mean for the economy.

不过很明显，德意志银行的研究人员压根儿没这方面的顾虑。

Clearly, though, researchers at Deutsche Bank have no such qualms.

他们这周发布了一份报告，指出今年预计会出现的强劲厄尔尼诺现象，将构成一场多维度的供给冲击。

They published a paper this week pointing out that the really strong El Nino we're expected to get this year is going to be, and this is a, quote, a multidimensional supply shock.

它会影响农业、航运，还有水电，因为有些地方降雨会减少。

It's gonna affect agriculture and shipping, hydroelectric power too because some areas are gonna get less rain.

德意志银行说，强劲的厄尔尼诺将给本就承受力有限的全球经济再添一记负面供给冲击——这可真是棒极了。

A strong El Nino, Deutsche Bank writes, would be another negative supply shock when the global economy has limited room to absorb one, which is great.

真是再好不过了。

Just great.

数字团队成员包括乔丹·曼吉、文尼尔·马哈拉吉、珍妮特·温、奥尔加·奥克斯曼和弗吉尼亚·K·史密斯。

Jordan Manji, Vinyl Maharaj, Janet Wynn, Olga Oxman, and Virginia K Smith are the digital team.

我是莱尔·里斯德尔。

I'm Kyle Risdell.

我们明天再见，各位。

We will see you tomorrow, everybody.

这是

This is

在变化。

shifting.

市场在变动，全球贸易受到干扰，政策也在调整。

Markets move, global trade gets disrupted, and policies shift.

所有这些因素都深刻影响着我们的生活和工作方式。

And all these factors have a tremendous influence on the ways we live and work.

我是金伯利·亚当斯，为您主持《市场晨报》——这是一档每天十分钟的播客，由一群获奖记者团队帮您理解不断变化的经济环境。

I'm Kimberly Adams, host of Marketplace morning report, a daily ten minute podcast where a team of award winning reporters helps you make sense of our evolving economy.

请在您常用的播客应用里收听《市场晨报》。

Listen to Marketplace morning report on your favorite podcast app.