阿尔忒弥斯二号：NASA的登月任务如何返回地球

阿耳忒弥斯二号的宇航员已经返回地球。

The astronauts of Artemis II are back home.

美国宇航局宇航员里德·怀斯曼、维克托·格洛弗和克里斯蒂娜·库克，以及加拿大航天局宇航员杰里米·汉森创造了历史。

NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Cook, and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen made history.

宇航员们绕月飞行，共同生活和工作，测试了为载人深空探索设计的航天器。

The astronauts flew around the moon, living and working together, as they tested the spacecraft designed to send humans to deep space.

您可以在 nasa.gov/artemis 重温阿耳忒弥斯二号任务，并了解美国宇航局探月计划的下一步进展。

You can relive Artemis II and learn what comes next for NASA's exploration of the moon at nasa.gov/artemis.

请继续收听这个官方的美国宇航局播客，聆听宇航员本人以及幕后推动阿耳忒弥斯任务的人员分享故事。

Keep listening to this official NASA podcast to hear from the astronauts themselves and people behind the scenes who make Artemis missions possible.

您正在收听美国宇航局的《好奇宇宙》。

You're listening to NASA's Curious Universe.

我是帕蒂·博伊德。

I'm Patty Boyd.

我是雅各布·平特。

And I'm Jacob Pinter.

三。

Three.

美国宇航局即将重返月球。

NASA is headed to the moon.

点火，升空。

Ignition and lift off.

阿耳忒弥斯二号的宇航员现已启程前往月球。

The crew of Artemis II now bound for the moon.

人类的下一次伟大航行开始了。

Humanity's next great voyage begins.

本集播出时，有四名宇航员正在太空中进行试飞。

As this episode comes out, four astronauts are in space on a test flight.

完整性，GPS处理。

Integrity, GPS processing.

状态良好，我们观测到相同情况，月出景象非常美丽。

Outstanding stand, we see the same, and we have a beautiful moonrise.

我们正直接朝它前进。

We're headed right at it.

他们的任务被称为阿尔忒弥斯二号。

Their mission is called Artemis II.

他们将绕月飞行，为未来的阿尔忒弥斯任务铺平道路，届时宇航员将重返月球表面。

They will fly around the moon and set the stage for future Artemis missions when astronauts return to the moon's surface.

我们是为了家人而前往。

We are going for our families.

我们是为了我们的队友而前往。

We are going for our teammates.

我们是为了全人类而前往。

We are going for all humanity.

好的，查理。

Alright, Charlie.

你们的阿尔忒弥斯二号机组人员已获准发射。

Your Artemis II crew is go for launch.

全力推进。

Full send.

阿尔忒弥斯计划还将基于我们奠定的基础，为人类首次登陆火星做好准备。

Artemis will also build upon the foundation we've laid and prepare us for the first human journey to Mars.

在《好奇宇宙》的往期节目中，我们已经向您介绍了宇航员以及众多让这项任务成为可能的工作人员。

On previous episodes of Curious Universe, we have introduced you to the astronauts and to some of the many people who make this mission possible.

我们还有更多内容即将呈现。

We have a lot more to come.

在整个任务期间以及任务结束后，我们将为您带来美国宇航局的官方报道。

Throughout the mission and after it ends, we will bring you NASA's official coverage.

您将听到发射时的精彩片段、宇航员检查飞船的关键里程碑，以及宇航员绕月飞行的详细情况。

You'll hear highlights from launch, milestones as the astronauts check out their spacecraft, and details of the astronauts' flight around the moon.

在本期节目中，让我们认识一下当宇航员返回地球时迎接他们的团队。

In this episode, get to know the team that will meet the astronauts when they return to Earth.

在大约十天的航行后，阿尔忒弥斯二号将在太平洋溅落，届时一艘船将接回宇航员及其飞船。

After an approximately ten day voyage, Artemis II will end when it splashes down in the Pacific Ocean, and a ship picks up the astronauts and their spacecraft.

那么，NASA是如何精准着陆的呢？

So how does NASA stick the landing?

我们将深入揭秘任务最后一步的操作手册，了解NASA如何将宇航员及其飞船安全带回地球。

We'll go inside the playbook for the final step of the mission and hear how NASA brings the astronauts and their spacecraft back home.

阿耳忒弥斯二号的最后一步非常紧张。

The final step of Artemis II is intense.

在飞越月球后，宇航员里德·韦斯曼、维克托·格洛弗、克里斯蒂娜·库克和杰里米·汉森将花费数天时间返回地球。

After they fly past the moon, astronauts Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Cooke, and Jeremy Hansen spend several days heading back to Earth.

然后，事情就会迅速发生。

And then things happen fast.

他们的飞船名为猎户座，在开始感受到地球大气层影响时，正以每小时约25,000英里的速度飞行。

Their spacecraft, which is called Orion, is traveling about 25,000 miles an hour when it begins to feel the effects of Earth's atmosphere.

这相当于每小时超过40,000公里，快到足以在不到二十分钟内从纽约飞抵东京。

That's more than 40,000 kilometers an hour or fast enough to fly from New York to Tokyo in less than twenty minutes.

大气摩擦产生的温度接近华氏数千度。

Friction from the atmosphere creates temperatures of almost degrees Fahrenheit.

几秒钟内，超高温等离子体就在飞船周围积聚。

Superheated plasma builds up around the spacecraft within seconds.

猎户座飞船配备有隔热罩，在再入过程中保护舱体。

Orion has a heat shield that protects the capsule during reentry.

它被设计用来散发这些巨大的热量。

It's designed to shed that intense heat.

但当它穿越大气层时，猎户座会短暂失去通信，宇航员会看到窗外等离子体闪烁舞动。

But as it sails through the atmosphere, Orion briefly loses communication, and the astronauts see flashes of plasma dance outside the windows.

现在，你们听到的是阿耳忒弥斯一号任务中实际的声音。

Right now, you're hearing what that actually sounded like on Artemis I.

这是猎户座飞船在无人状态下进行试飞时，舱内录制的录音。

This is a recording from inside the spacecraft during a test flight of Orion with nobody on board.

当猎户座下降时，一系列降落伞会使其减速。

As Orion descends, a series of parachutes slows it down.

总共有11个降落伞。

There are 11 parachutes in all.

它们在猎户座下降过程中的特定阶段依次展开。

They deploy in stages at specific points during Orion's descent.

当猎户座到达地球表面时，其速度已降至每小时不到20英里。

By the time it reaches Earth's surface, Orion is traveling less than 20 miles an hour.

然后，宇航员会在太平洋上溅落。

And then the astronauts splash down in the Pacific Ocean.

这时，救援团队便接管任务。

That's when the recovery team takes over.

NASA专家与美国海军人员协同合作，将宇航员从水中救出并送上附近待命的军舰。

NASA experts working together with personnel from the US Navy get the astronauts out of the water and onto a navy ship waiting nearby.

当然，团队只有一次机会必须成功完成，宇航员的安全可能悬于一线。

Of course, the team only gets one shot to do this correctly, and the safety of the astronauts could be on the line.

因此，救援团队已经进行了大量训练。

So the recovery team has trained extensively.

他们之前已经演练过其中的部分环节。

They've done parts of this before.

在2022年的阿尔忒弥斯一号任务中，美国宇航局发射了一艘无人飞船绕月飞行，随后从海洋中回收了它。

In the Artemis I mission in 2022, NASA flew an uncrewed spacecraft around the moon and then recovered it from the ocean.

在阿尔忒弥斯二号任务之前，进行了更多的演练。

There have been even more rehearsals leading up to Artemis II.

下面是一点点训练时的场景。

Here's a little bit of what that training sounds like.

我在没有乘员的阿尔忒弥斯一号回收任务中 onboard，那种感觉非常激动人心。

I was on board for Artemis I recovery in which there was no crew, and the feeling was electric.

就在那里，高高悬挂在太平洋上空。

And there it is, high over the Pacific.

猎户座飞船在降落伞下正朝溅落点下降。

Orion under its chutes descending towards Splashdown.

你在这艘船上，准备回收返回舱。

You're on this the ship getting ready to recover a capsule.

它只是

It just

绕月飞行。

went around the moon.

猎户座飞船以完美的姿态下降，距离溅落仅数秒之遥。

Orion in the perfect orientation for splashdown, just seconds away.

现在这更加重要了，因为这些人是我们的朋友、同事，是我们曾经帮助培训和一起工作的人。

And now it's even more important because these are our friends, our colleagues, and people that we've helped train and work with.

一千英尺。

1,000 feet.

下降速率良好。

Good descent rate.

我认识这次任务中的几位宇航员，所以这对我来说更加个人化。

I know several of the astronauts that are on this mission, so it's much more personal.

这简直是我们着陆与回收任务的‘超级碗’，我们必须全力以赴。

It's really bringing our a game to basically our Super Bowl of of landing and recovery.

五百英尺。

500 feet.

这支乘组和团队已经为完善这些流程和技术工作了十多年，他们应该知道，当他们从阿尔忒弥斯二号任务月球返回时，将会被安全回收。

This crew and this team has been working for over a decade to perfect those processes and those techniques, and they should know that when they come back from the moon on Artemis II, that they're gonna be safely recovered.

溅落。

Splashdown.

相信我们，你们一定会平安无事。

Trust in us and know that you're good against.

从陶拉斯-利特罗的静海，到太平洋平静的水域。

From tranquility based at Taurus Littrow to the tranquil waters of the Pacific.

NASA登月旅程的最新篇章画上句号——猎户座飞船重返地球。

The latest chapter of NASA's journey to the moon comes to a close Orion back on Earth.

你们刚才听到的声音来自NASA通信部门的罗·纳维亚斯，他为2022年无人阿尔忒弥斯一号任务的溅落进行了解说，以及来自NASA搜救任务办公室的科迪·凯利。

Those voices you heard were Rob Navias from NASA Communications narrating splashdown from the uncrewed Artemis I mission in 2022, and Cody Kelly, who works in NASA's Search and Rescue Mission Office.

科迪当时正在一次名为‘ underway recovery test ’（水上回收测试，简称URT）的演练中发言。

Cody was speaking during a rehearsal called an underway recovery test, or URT in NASA jargon.

这类测试已经进行了12次，每次都在逐步增加复杂性。

There have been 12 of these tests, each time getting a little more complicated.

为了模拟真实情况，NASA甚至建造了一个猎户座飞船的模型。

To make things realistic, NASA even built a stand in of the Orion capsule.

它漂浮在海洋中，NASA可以像对待真实飞船一样对其进行测试。

It floats in the ocean, and NASA can test it like the real thing.

这个模型的正式名称是乘员舱试验品。

That stand in is officially called the Crew Module Test Article.

回收过程需要庞大的团队协作，我想了解这支团队负责人对NASA计划的详细情况。

The recovery process takes a huge team effort, and I wanted to learn more about NASA's plan from the leader of that team.

我的名字是莉莉安娜·比利亚雷亚尔。

So my name is Lilianna Villarreal.

大家叫我莉莉。

I go by Lily.

如果你真的非常擅长用西班牙语发音，那就是比利亚雷亚尔。

Now if you're really, truly good at saying it in Spanish, Villarreal.

莉莉是阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的着陆与回收主管。

Lili is NASA's landing and recovery director for Artemis II.

她的目标很明确。

Her goal is clear.

安全地把宇航员和猎户座飞船接回来。

Get the astronauts and Orion back safely.

现在我们要详细了解一下NASA计划如何实现这一点。

Now we're gonna get into the details about how NASA plans to do that.

但当这些细节的管理是你的责任时，莉莉说这会让你压力很大。

But when managing those details is your responsibility, Lili says it weighs on you.

我觉得着陆前一天我睡不着。

I don't think I'm gonna sleep the day before landing.

我的意思是，这就是这份工作的性质。

I mean, it's just the nature of the job.

你总是担心所有事情，只想确认：我有没有做好这件事？

You're just so worried about everything, and you wanna make sure, did I do this?

设备准备好了吗？

Is is the equipment ready?

人员准备好了吗？

Are the people ready?

但你知道，这本来就是这份工作的一部分，只是让人觉得

But, you know, it just comes with a job, but it makes

这份工作充满激情。

the job exciting.

莉莉在NASA工作了将近二十年。

Lili has worked for NASA for almost two decades.

她担任过许多不同角色，但她其实并没有主动寻求担任回收主管这个职位。

She's worn many different hats, but she actually didn't seek out the job of recovery director.

在阿尔忒弥斯一号任务中，她是负责组装火箭并为其发射做准备的团队的副手。

For Artemis I, she was a deputy on the team that puts the rocket together and gets it ready for launch.

就在2022年阿尔忒弥斯一号发射前几周，她的老板正在寻找新的回收主管。

And then just a couple of weeks before Artemis I launched in 2022, her boss was looking for a new recovery director.

突然间，他问我：嘿。

Out of the blue, just asked me, hey.

你能胜任这份工作吗？

Can you do this job?

我当时就说，你什么意思？

And I'm like, what do you mean?

我对现在的工作非常满意。

I'm really happy with my job.

我花了一整周的时间认真考虑，才决定要不要接这个职位。

And, you know, I had to take a good week to decide whether I wanted the job or not.

这份工作的责任比之前大得多。

It is more responsibility than what I had.

其次，这份工作需要大量的出差，而且这次还要负责载人任务的回收工作。

And second of all, it is so much travel involved with this job and the responsibility of rescue this time with crew.

不过，阿耳忒弥斯一号的情况有点不同。

Now Artemis I was a little different.

你只需要把飞行器回收回来就行了。

You just have to recover the vehicle.

阿耳忒弥斯二号及之后的任务，我们不仅仅是回收飞行器。

Artemis II and beyond, we're not just recovering the vehicle.

我们还要在宇航员从太空返回时接回他们。

We are also getting the crew from when they come back from space.

所以这是一个令人望而生畏的决定，我不得不和家人商量，因为涉及大量的出差，这可能是我做过的最好的决定。

So it was a daunting, you know, decision, and I had to talk it over with my family because of all the the travel that would be involved, and was probably the best decision I had.

我真的很、很、真正地热爱这份工作。

I really, really, truly love this job.

这份工作是我在NASA经历过的最有趣、最具挑战性的工作之一。

This job has has been one of the funnest, hardest jobs I've had at NASA.

莉莉将为我们介绍一些让这份工作既有趣又具挑战性的问题。

Lili is going to walk us through some of the questions that make this a fun, hard job.

她的团队有一份充满B计划和C计划的行动手册。

Her team has a playbook filled with plan b's and plan c's.

NASA称这些为应急方案。

NASA calls these contingencies.

如果宇航员在发射后立即中止任务会怎样？

What happens if the astronauts abort the mission right after launch?

如果他们着陆偏离了预定航线会怎样？

What happens if they land off course?

如果他们无法打开舱门，被困在飞船里会怎样？

What happens if they can't open the hatch and they're stuck in the spacecraft?

莉莉必须对所有这些问题都有答案。

Lili has to have an answer for all of these questions.

但让我们先从计划A开始。

But let's start with plan a.

救援团队位于圣地亚哥。

The recovery team is based in San Diego.

猎户座飞船将目标对准太平洋。

Orion will be aiming for the Pacific Ocean.

一旦阿耳忒弥斯二号任务管理人员确定确切的着陆点，救援团队就会乘坐军舰前往着陆区域。

Once the Artemis II mission managers determine exactly where it will land, the recovery team sails to the landing area on a navy ship.

整个过程非常复杂，包括多艘小艇、海军的开放水域潜水员，以及四架在空中盘旋的直升机。

There's a complex choreography, including teams of small boats, open water divers from the navy, and four helicopters circling the area.

但基本上，在溅落前两小时，我们所有的设备都已经就位在水中。

But basically, two hours before splashdown, all of our assets are now in the water.

直升机也会在大约一小时前升空。

The helicopters also will be in the air about one hour before.

我认为最酷的部分是最后八分钟——溅落前的这八分钟，是最紧张的时刻，发生了太多事情。

The coolest thing, I think, is those eight minutes, the last eight minutes before it splashes down, the most crazy time, and so much stuff is happening.

当猎户座飞船靠近时，救援团队会追踪它的位置。

As Orion gets closer, the recovery team tracks its location.

其中两架直升机配备了特殊的成像设备，帮助救援团队监控降落伞的状态。

Two of the helicopters have special imaging equipment that helps the recovery team keep an eye on the parachutes.

为了释放第一阶段的降落伞，猎户座飞船基本上是用类似火炮的装置将它们弹射出去。

To release the first stages of parachutes, Orion basically fires them out of a cannon.

当降落伞展开时，一些与之一起打包的材料也会随之释放。

As the parachutes come out, so does some of the material packed with them.

例如，装降落伞的袋子会从约两万英尺的高空落入海洋。

For example, the bags the parachutes were packed in fall about 20,000 feet into the ocean.

回收团队必须小心行事。

The recovery team has to be careful.

他们需要避开这些碎片。

They need to stay out of the way of that debris.

当猎户座飞船接近时，三个橙白相间的降落伞帮助它实现软着陆。

As Orion makes its final approach, three orange and white parachutes help it make a soft landing.

此外，猎户座飞船配备了GPS，尽管超高温等离子体会中断信号，需要重新捕获。

Also, Orion has GPS, although the signal will get knocked out by superheated plasma, and it will have to be reacquired.

因此，莉莉的团队应该能实时掌握猎户座飞船的位置。

So Lili's team should have real time information about Orion's location.

当猎户座飞船着陆时，潜水员和直升机将距离约两英里。

By the time Orion lands, the divers and helicopters will be about two miles away.

在它溅落的那一刻，我们实际上会稍等片刻，因为那里有很多

At the time it splashes down, we actually wait a little bit because, there's a lot

在打开所有降落伞并减速飞行器的过程中，会抛出大量碎片。

of debris that gets jettisoned as part of the sequence of opening up all the parachutes and slowing the vehicle down.

这些碎片对直升机和地面人员都非常危险，因此我们必须保持在远离溅落点的位置，以免被碎片击中。

That debris is very dangerous to helicopters and also personnel on the ground, so we have to be at a position far enough from the splashdown side so that debris doesn't fall on us.

我们根据天气情况计算这个安全距离，因为风会影响碎片的下落轨迹。

We calculate, where that how far that distance is based on weather because the winds affect how the debris falls down.

接下来，救援团队需要确保接近猎户座飞船是安全的。

Next, the recovery team needs to make sure it's safe to approach Orion.

他们称此为危险评估。

They call this a hazard assessment.

猎户座的冷却系统使用氨。

Orion's cooling system uses ammonia.

你不想吸入这种物质。

You don't want to breathe that in.

空气中也可能存在其他危险化学品。

And there could be other dangerous chemicals in the air too.

回收团队测量飞船周围的空气质量。

The recovery team measures the air quality around the spacecraft.

他们实际上称这为嗅觉检测。

They actually call this a sniff test.

在完成清单上的其他几项检查后，是时候让宇航员在大约十天后首次呼吸到新鲜空气了。

After crossing off a few other items on the checklist, it's time to give the astronauts their first fresh air in about ten days.

现在我们知道可以打开舱门，进入舱内并对宇航员进行医学评估了。

So now we know that we can go ahead and open the the hatch to go inside and and start doing, medical assessments on the crew.

如果一切正常，所有人都会竖起大拇指。

And if everything's good, everybody gets a thumbs up.

好的。

Alright.

让我们开始让宇航员出舱。

Let's go ahead and egress the crew.

当医疗人员在舱内评估宇航员状况时，海军潜水员正在舱外为宇航员出舱做准备。

While the medical doctors are inside the capsule assessing the crew, the navy divers are outside preparing for the crew egress.

出舱是NASA用来描述把宇航员从舱内接出来的说法。

Egress is just the word NASA uses for getting the astronauts out of there.

太空会对人体产生奇怪的影响。

Space does weird things to human bodies.

你可以在本系列的另一集中了解更多关于阿尔忒弥斯二号如何研究深空对宇航员影响的信息，你可以在你的播客订阅中找到那一集。

You can learn more about that and how Artemis II will study the effects of deep space on astronauts in another episode of this series, and you can find that in your podcast feed.

当宇航员重新适应地球重力时，他们可能很难独立行走，更不用说从漂浮在海洋中的飞船中爬出来了。

As they readjust to Earth's gravity, it may be difficult for the astronauts to walk on their own, let alone climb out of a spacecraft bobbing in the ocean.

但莉莉的团队就在那里提供帮助。

But Lili's team is there to help.

在猎户座飞船舱门前方，他们打开了一种名为‘前甲板’的充气浮筏。

In front of Orion's hatch, they pop open an inflatable raft called the front porch.

宇航员将在那里等待附近船只前来接他们回去。

That's where the astronauts wait for their ride back to the ship floating nearby.

现在我们已经把宇航员接出来了。

So now we've removed the crew.

现在他们坐在前甲板上。

Now they're sitting in the front porch.

你知道，他们穿着宇航服，我们确认后就会用直升机把他们吊起来。

You know, they're in their suits, and, we we give the go to go ahead and hoist them on the helicopters.

到达舰船后，医疗团队会迎接宇航员，进行评估，然后带他们去医疗舱做最终检查。

And once at the ship, the medical team will meet the crew, do their assessment, and then take them to the Med Bay for a final checkout.

基本上，整个宇航员回收工作就完成了。

And, basically, the whole entire crew recovery part is done.

现在我们开始回收飞行器。

And now we're working on recovering the vehicle.

莉莉的最后任务是把猎户座飞船也接回来。

Lili's final task is to bring back Orion too.

这时，海军就真正展示实力了。

And this is where the Navy really flexes some muscle.

这次行动的核心舰船有一个叫干船坞的舱室。

The ship at the center of this operation has a compartment called a well deck.

干船坞就像是船内一个可以搭载其他船只的车库。

The well deck is sort of like a garage inside the ship that can carry other vessels.

操作人员将绞盘连接到猎户座上，慢慢把它拉回来。

Operators attach a winch to Orion and slowly reel it in.

一旦猎户座安全进入船内，任务就完成了。

Once Orion is safely inside the ship, the job is done.

该启程回家了。

It's time to head home.

所以返航圣地亚哥应该会很快。

So it should be a quick trip back to San Diego.

我们大概在所有人都登船后几个小时就能到达。

We probably could get there a few hours after we get everybody on board.

所以，我们拭目以待吧。

So, we'll see.

你知道的。

You know?

我们永远不知道会降落在哪里。

We never know where we're gonna land.

这完全取决于着陆当天基地的天气情况。

It's all up to the base on the day of of landing in their weather.

在这个过程中，最具挑战性的部分是什么？

So of that process, what is the most challenging part?

比如，有没有哪个步骤会让你觉得‘这个挺棘手的’？

Like, is there a step in there where you're like, oh, this one's tricky.

我认为对我来说，最需要担心的步骤是确保我们清点了三套服装。

I think the biggest step for me that I'm gonna be more worried about, making sure that we saw three pair of suits.

如果我们没看到三双鞋，就会触发很多应急程序。

If we don't see three pair of shoes, there's a lot of contingency events that we're gonna be doing.

第二点是风险评估。

The second one is that hazard assessment.

我们没问题吧？

Are we good?

车辆对我们来说安全到可以靠近吗？

Is the vehicle safe for us to approach it?

如果不行，我们就还有很多其他工作要做。

If it's not, then we have really a lot more other work to go do.

第三个问题是，舱门是否如我们预期的那样打开了？

The third one is, did that hatch open like we expected it to open?

还是舱门无法正常打开？

Or is the hatch not working?

我们是否有其他方式进入太空舱？

Do we have an alternate means to get into the capsule?

所以我认为这三点是我最重要的三个里程碑。

So think those are by my three biggest milestones.

一旦看到宇航员登上直升机，我就会松一大口气。

Once I see that crew in the helicopter, it's gonna be like, that's quite a sigh of relief.

你知道的。

You know?

我想问问你关于你们计划的一些应急预案，可以吗？

Well, I'd like to ask you about some contingencies you're planning for, if that's okay.

你刚才提到的，如果三个降落伞都没打开的情况

So one that you just mentioned, if all three parachutes don't open

嗯

Mhmm.

就是

Like

我们用两个降落伞也能安全着陆。

We can land safely with two.

好的。

Okay.

是的。

Yeah.

但如果是两个降落伞，可能会对乘员造成更大的冲击。

But if but, you know, it might be a, a little more of an impact to the crew on two parachutes.

但我们是在水上着陆，这应该能缓解一些问题。

But, we're landing in water, which should help some of the thing.

但毫无疑问，这正是我们配备三个降落伞的原因。

But, but, definitely, that's why we have three.

对吧？

Right?

我们继续观察。

We we continue to see.

我们担心的是，确保飞船在进入大气层后能获取GPS信号，因为它会根据我们指定的着陆点进行定位。

We worried about, you know, making sure the vehicle, once it comes through entry, has acquired GPS because it really orients itself to the landing location that we told it to land.

所以我们才保持这么远的距离，以防它未能获取GPS信号，从而避免误入不该去的区域。

So that's why we are so far back, just in case it didn't acquire GPS so that we don't accidentally go to where we shouldn't be.

我们制定了所谓的回收决策标准。

We develop what's called recovery decision criterias.

一旦发生异常或我们预估可能发生的状况，回收决策标准就会启动。

So recovery decision criterias go in effect in case of an anomaly or an issue that we anticipate could possibly happen.

RDCs的妙处在于我们提前就做好了这些准备。

And the beauty about RDCs is we work those ahead of time.

在NASA，我们为最坏的情况做准备，但你知道，我们会尽量降低风险，让一切顺利进行，但你总是希望准备得更充分，再充分一些。

We at NASA prepare for the worst, but, you know, we minimize the risk so that everything goes nominally, but you always wanna prepare, over, over prepare.

我们的RDCs就是这样的东西。

And that's what our RDCs are.

它们都是提前获得批准的。

They're they're approved ahead of time.

在着陆之前，我们就已经制定了所有这些RDCs。

Before we land, we have all of these RDCs.

我们可能会有大约50个这样的方案，如果发生这种情况，我们就采取相应的措施。

We're probably gonna have about 50 of them where if this happened, this is what we'll do.

我们对所有这些情景进行训练，以确保我们能应对可能出现的各种情况。

And so and we train for all those scenarios and just to make sure that we're ready for what comes out of.

所以，是的，应急准备是我们着陆前工作的重要组成部分。

So, yeah, contingency preparation is a big part of our job before landing.

如果一切正常，整个操作会非常枯燥，而我们正希望它如此枯燥，因为我们反复练习、反复练习。

If everything goes nominally, it's pretty a boring operation, and we want it to be boring because we practice and practice and practice.

如果一切顺利，人们就会说：‘哇，真厉害。’

And if anything goes well, it's like, oh, wow.

它本就应该枯燥。

It should be boring.

一切都应该顺利进行。

It should everything should go well.

我们喜欢枯燥。

We love boring.

你们如何为真实情况做测试？

How are you testing for the real thing?

你们是如何模拟的？

How are you simulating it?

这是个好问题。

That's a good question.

我认为，我们在着陆与回收团队非常幸运，因为我们得到了支持，确保我们以实际飞行的方式进行测试。

I think, we're very lucky in the Land and Recovery team that, you know, we had the backing to make sure that we test it like you fly.

我们拥有一艘自己建造的返回舱。

And, we have a capsule that we built.

它被称为CMTA，即乘员舱试验样机。

It's called the CMTA, crew module test article.

CMTA的外形是这样的，我们实际上称她为‘达达’。

So the CMTA looks like and and we effectively call her a Vader.

是的。

Yes.

我们真的举行了一个仪式，敲碎了一瓶香槟，因为我们需要好运——尽管她被称为‘达达’，但技术上她是一艘船，我们用‘她’来称呼她，因为所有飞船都必须是女性命名。

We actually did an actual ceremony where we, you know, broke a champagne glass because, you know, we wanted the good luck because she is technically a vessel, and we call her she even though it's called Vader because they all have to be females.

所以，CMTA是我们的宝贝，我们经常与军方进行大量的海上回收测试。

So anyways, CMTA is our baby, and we do a lot of underway recovery tests with the military.

我们真实地模拟了将来要执行的每一个步骤。

We literally simulate the exact thing that we will do.

我们出海七天，不断练习、练习、再练习。

We go out for seven days, and we practice, practice, practice.

我们做了大量工作，确保尽可能真实地模拟场景。

There is a lot we do to make sure that we're doing it as realistic as possible.

我们无法模拟的一件事是降落伞的下降过程。

Couple of things that we can't do is the parachute's coming down.

此外，我们无法预知海浪条件，但我们会尽最大努力进行模拟。

Plus, we don't know what the wave conditions are gonna be, but we try to simulate as much as we possibly can.

我采访了四位宇航员中的每一位，并请他们说出特别感谢的团队。

I interviewed each of the four crew members, and I asked each of them to shout out a team that they've worked with that they especially appreciate.

维克托·格洛弗特别提到了回收团队。

And Victor Glover said specifically the the recovery team.

哦。

Oh.

他原话是：能把他们安全接回家，这意义重大。

And his exact words were, that's a big dang deal to get them home safely.

是的，确实如此。

Oh, it is.

这就是为什么我不得不认真考虑接受这份工作的原因。

It is this is why I had to think about taking this job.

这份责任，是的。

The responsibility Yeah.

无论如何，这都是团队的努力，但最终所有责任都落在我身上。

No matter what, it is a team effort, but I am the one ultimately responsible for it all.

所以，最终必须由我站出来说明为什么我的团队失败了，为什么没有做到位，我真的告诉你，我从未见过如此优秀的团队。

So, I will you know, I'm the one that eventually has to stand up and say why my team failed, why didn't so it's really and I tell you, I've I've never seen an such a great team.

每个人都热爱这份工作。

Everybody loves the job.

每个人都渴望在这里。

Everybody wants to be there.

每个人都愿意付出牺牲。

Everybody sacrifices.

我们这些日子都非常漫长，工作时间很长，身体上也很辛苦。

We are these are very long days, long hours, physically demanding days for us.

这个团队中每个人那种积极进取的态度令人惊叹。

The can do attitude of everybody in this team is amazing.

我非常喜欢这个团队。

I love this team.

当你有一群热爱自己工作并拥有这种积极态度的人时，这种精神会自然而然地感染每一个人。

And when you have people who love what they're doing and have this can do attitude, it's just by osmosis that spreads to everybody.

但我真的很感谢你告诉我这些。

But I really appreciate you telling me that.

我们真的很爱这个团队，听到你这么说我很高兴。

We really love the the team, and I'm glad to hear that.

有这种责任会不会很有压力？

Is it stressful having that responsibility?

是的。

Yes.

是吗？

Yeah?

我觉得我明显老了很多。

I think I have aged significantly.

我多了很多白发。

I have more white hair.

是的。

Yes.

在URT 10之前，我会告诉你，我几乎每晚都睡不着，因为我不知道我们会不会成功。

This is I would tell you before URT 10, I barely slept every night because I didn't know if we were gonna be successful or not.

而等到第十次任务时真的很难，因为那是我们第一次执行这么多前所未有的操作。

And once I got through ten ten was really hard because this is the first time we were doing a lot of first time operations.

而第十一次是第一次有乘组人员到来。

And then eleven was the first time the crew was coming.

我就是这样的人，总是会想最坏的情况会发生什么，这其实是个好事，因为它让我能迅速做出决策。

And I'm just one of those people that always thinks about what's the worst that could possibly happen, which is a good thing because it prepares me for making decisions real quick.

在这个工作中，决策速度至关重要。

Decision velocity is so important in this job.

你还记得什么时候你清楚地意识到，NASA要重返月球，而我将成为其中一员吗？

Do you remember when whenever it became clear to you, NASA's going back to the moon, and I'm gonna be part of it.

有没有那么一个瞬间，深深印在你的脑海里？

Was there, a moment that it stuck in your brain?

你知道，我长期从事空间站的工作，所以我一直是个空间站人。

You know, I worked space station for the longest time, and so I was a space station person.

在我们开始处理阿尔忒弥斯一号任务的前两年左右，我才加入进来。

I kinda came in about a couple of years before we started processing Artemis I.

我彻头彻尾是个操作人员。

I'm an ops person through and through.

我喜欢与飞行硬件打交道，而且我这个人没耐心。

I like working with the flight hardware, and I'm not a patient person.

所以花了挺长时间才等到操作中最精彩的部分——天啊，我们终于把所有设备都到位了，开始把一切组装起来。

So it took a while to get to the good parts of operations where it's like, oh my god, we have the cap everything here, and we're starting to put everything together.

每一天都不一样。

And every day is a different day.

每天我们都要弄清楚，发生了什么？

Every day, we have to figure out, okay, what happened?

我们该怎么解决它？

How are we gonna solve it?

这就是在这里当工程师的有趣之处。

And that's the fun part about being an engineer out here.

我认为阿尔忒弥斯一号极大地帮助人们看到了进展并支持了这项任务。

And I think Artemis I was huge in getting people to see the progress and getting behind.

当阿尔忒弥斯二号搭载宇航员发射，当你开始看到宇航员实时画面，透过窗户看到他们背后的月球时，人们会更加兴奋。

And when Artemis II launches with people and, you know, you start getting those live bees of the crew, you know, showing the moon behind them through the through the window, they're just gonna be even more excited.

所以我们都在为每一次测试加油助威。

So we're all rooting for every test that happens.

我甚至考虑过纹一个阿尔忒弥斯纹身。

I even thought about getting an Artemis tattoo.

你知道，我身上没有任何纹身，但那只是因为我想要一个，而我从未找到过一件能让我一辈子看到都感到开心的图案。

You know, I don't have any tattoos, but only because I want one, and I never have found something that I would be happy seeing on my body for the rest of my life.

然后我就想，天哪。

And then I'm like, oh my god.

我真的非常喜欢这个标志。

I really love the logo.

因为我热爱我所做的事情。

And because I love what I'm doing.

我热爱这个项目。

I love this program.

我认为我们正在为人类做一件了不起的事，因为它将改善人类的未来，并且是我们最终在其他星球上生活的垫脚石。

I think it's an amazing thing that we're doing for humanity because it's gonna better humanity, and it's a stepping stone to eventually us living in other worlds.

而我能成为其中一员。

And I get to be part of that.

你也能成为其中一员。

You get to be part of that.

这不是很酷吗？

How cool is that?

如果你能给机组人员最后说一句话，比如他们进入猎户座时，你可以悄悄在他们耳边说点什么，

If you could give the crew one last message, like they get in Orion, you get to whisper something in their ear

嗯。

Uh-huh.

你会对他们说什么？

What would you tell them?

这很简单。

That's an easy one.

我只是想告诉他们，你知道的，你们着陆时我们会在那里。

I just wanna tell them that, you know, we'll be there when you land.

你知道的？

You know?

我们会等着你们。

We'll be waiting for you.

感谢收听这个NASA播客。

Thanks for listening to this NASA podcast.

阿尔忒弥斯二号任务正在帮助NASA继续探索，包括建立人类历史上首个月球基地，并为在火星上留下足迹奠定基础。

The Artemis II mission prepares NASA to keep exploring, including setting up humanity's first ever moon base and building the foundation to leave footprints on Mars.

您可以通过访问 nasa.gov 深入了解阿尔忒弥斯二号任务以及NASA未来的计划。

You can dive deeper into Artemis II and learn more about NASA's future plans at nasa.gov.

我们一定会在NASA的播客中向您报道这些进展。

And you better believe we will tell you about it on NASA's podcasts.

NASA的所有播客都完全无广告。

All of NASA's podcasts are available with no ads ever.

请访问 nasa.gov/podcasts。

At nasa.gov/podcasts.

这是NASA官方播客《好奇宇宙》。

This is NASA's Curious Universe, an official NASA podcast.

我们的阿尔忒弥斯二号系列由克里斯蒂安·埃利奥特和雅各布·平特尔撰写和制作。

Our Artemis II series was written and produced by Christian Elliott and Jacob Pinter.

我们的执行制片人是凯蒂·康纳斯。

Our executive producer is Katie Conans.

韦斯·布坎南为本系列设计了封面艺术。

Wes Buchanan designed the show art for this series.

本系列的音乐来自通用制作音乐公司。

Music for the series comes from Universal Production Music.

在本系列制作过程中，我们得到了拉切尔·克拉夫特、丽莎·艾伦、劳拉·布莱彻、布兰迪·迪恩、考特尼·比斯利、安伯·雅各布森和塔莉娅·佩特里诺斯的支持。

We had support throughout this series from Rachel Kraft, Lisa Allen, Laura Bleacher, Brandi Dean, Courtney Beasley, Amber Jacobson, and Thalia Petrinos.

在本集中，我们还得到了麦迪逊·塔特尔和肯·阿佩尔的协助。

For this episode, we had additional help from Madison Tuttle and Ken Appel.

您可以在 nasa.gov/podcasts 上找到《好奇宇宙》每一集的文本稿，并探索 NASA 的其他播客。

You can find transcripts for every episode of Curious Universe and explore NASA's other podcasts at nasa.gov/podcasts.

如果您喜欢这期 NASA 的《好奇宇宙》节目，请告诉我们。

If you enjoyed this episode of NASA's Curious Universe, let us know.

请在您现在收听的平台为我们留下评价。

Leave us a review wherever you're listening right now.