自由市场提供最佳反馈

马克·安德森精辟地将其总结为‘坚定但可变的观点’。

Mark Andreessen summarizes this nicely as strong opinions loosely held.

因此作为一个追求真理的社会，我们需要持有坚定但随时可变的态度。

So as a society, if you're truth seeking, you wanna have strong opinions but very loosely held.

你需要尝试这些观点，验证其有效性，并在无效时及时修正。

You wanna try them, see if they work, and then error correct if they don't.

但现实中我们得到的要么是‘坚定且固执的观点’——这是偏执的少数派；要么是‘软弱且易变的观点’——这种妥协模式下没人真正担责，没人获得认可，没人能按自己意愿尝试，最终大家都可以推脱说‘真正的共产主义从未被实践过’。

But instead what we get is either strong opinions strongly held, which is the intolerant minority, or we get weak opinions loosely held, which is the compromise model where no one really takes blame, no one gets credit, no one gets to try it the way that they want to, and everybody can then fall back on real communism hasn't been tried.

虽然事实上共产主义确实被实践过。

Although in that case, communism has been tried.

只是效果不太理想。

It just hasn't worked out well.

顺便说一句，我常听到的一种批评是‘我们需要进入后资本主义时代’。

As a digression, one of the common critiques that I hear people say, we need to move to a post capitalist world.

‘资本主义行不通了’。

Capitalism isn't working.

好吧。

Okay.

那么你的替代方案是什么？

Well, what is your alternative?

通常这时人们就开始支吾其词，因为确实没有太多选择。

And usually, is where people start fumbling because there aren't a lot of choices.

当你要分配荣誉、分配资源并给予劳动回报时，本质上只有两种选择。

When you're trying to figure out how to divvy up credit, divvy up resources, and reward people for their work, you essentially have two choices.

现实中的自由市场反馈机制，金钱就是其最佳模型。

Feedback from free markets in reality, and the best model for that is money.

或者你采用人民反馈机制，这就是共产主义的归宿——由一群人判定谁的工作最出色。

Or you have feedback from people, which is where communism ends up, which is a group of people decide that you did the best work.

那么由谁来决定谁的工作最出色呢？

Now who decides you did the best work?

总得有人负责做这个决定。

Someone has to be in charge of doing that.

最终这个角色总会落到最强横的人手里。

Invariably, that ends up being the biggest thug.

所以我认为每个共产主义国家都沦为独裁政权并非偶然。

So I don't think it's an accident that every communist country degenerates into a dictatorship.

共产主义似乎从未真正由人民大众分散管理。

Communism never seems to actually be run by a distributed majority of the people.

最终总是由一群掌权者操控，因为人性使然——若由我来分配财富，自然会倾向亲友和自己喜欢的人。

It always ends up being run by a bunch of people who are taking charge because it's just human nature that if I get to decide who gets the gold, it's gonna go to my friends, family, and the people that I like.

这种情况总是不可避免地发生。

And that's invariably what ends up happening.

要么你需要客观分配机制（金钱就是已知的客观标准），要么就会完全陷入主观分配。

Either you need an objective function to carve it up, and money is the known objective function, or it becomes all subjective.

若是主观分配，凭什么由你而不是我来决定分配？

And if it's subjective, then who's to say you carving it up instead of me?

最终我们只能靠谁的武力更强、谁的枪更多来做决定。

We're just going to decide based on who has more physical force, who has more guns.

我们支持自由市场的一方认为，从决策过程中剔除的就是强制行为。

What we say on the side of free markets is that what we've extracted out of that decision making process is the coercion.

没有人会被迫购买服务或签订协议。

No one is forced into purchasing a service, undertaking an agreement.

唯一施加强制力的时候就是政府介入之时。

The only time that force is applied is when the government gets involved.

然后高层人士会说这是最佳决策，你们所有人都必须同意。

The people at the top then say this is the best decision and you will all have to agree with it.

否则就会有个佩戴徽章、手持枪支的人出现在你家门口。

Otherwise, there's going to be a man with a badge and a gun turn up at your door.

我们关于自由市场的全部主张就是：个人可以在不受胁迫的情况下自主决定什么适合自己。

All that we're saying when it comes to free market is that the individual gets to decide without being coerced what might work for them.

当然可能会犯错，但为什么不该让他们尝试并犯错呢？

Now, could be wrong, but why shouldn't they try and make mistakes?

这才是进步的唯一途径。

That's the only way to make progress.

纠错的唯一方法就是真正尝试其他方案，或许会失败。

The only way to error correct is to actually try something else, perhaps fail.