鬼魅水文（幽灵湖泊）与乔·拉瑟福德

但在五六十年代，萨尔顿海距离好莱坞只有几个小时车程，曾是热闹非凡的度假胜地，沿岸的‘孟买海滩’一带遍布度假屋、度假村、商店和夜总会，法兰克·辛纳屈就曾在那里放声歌唱。

But in its heydays, like in the nineteen fifties and sixties, the Salton Sea, just a few hours from Hollywood, was this bustling getaway with vacation homes and resorts and shops and nightclubs along this strip called Bombay Beach, which is where Frank Sinatra would croon.

几十年后，水干了，游客和金钱也跟着消失了，湖床上只剩下大量鱼骨，曾经的度假村如今只剩下一堆锈迹斑斑的拖车。

And decades later, the water evaporated along with the tourism and the money, leaving behind skeletons of a lot of fish on the lake bed and a bunch of rusted out trailers where there once were resorts.

这里就像是一个休闲胜地的兴衰史，专门为洛杉矶人提供逃离日常的去处，但说实话，这是我去过最糟糕的地方之一。

And just it's like Rise And Fall as a recreation area for, like, Angelino's needing an escape, and it is truly one of the worst places I have ever been.

我记得有一次我们去那里，我妈正好胃不舒服。

I remember my mom my mom had the stomach flu when we went there once.

可怜的南希，穿着讲究，在后座上已经忍不住干呕了。

Poor woman, fancy Nancy, in the back of the van, already retching.

结果我们偏偏选在那时候开车到萨尔顿海开家庭聚会。

And then we roll up to the Salton Sea for a family reunion.

哦。

Oh.

她真不该遭这份罪。

She did not deserve that.

她根本不该遭这份罪。

She didn't deserve Not at all.

索尔顿海真是个怪现象。

Salton Sea is such an anomaly.

你有没有想过，为什么他们管它叫‘海’？

You know, first of all, why they call it a sea?

那是在二十世纪初的事了。

It was like early nineteen hundreds.

你应该知道这一点。

You ought to know that.

一开始它根本不是咸水湖。

And it wouldn't have even been salty right away.

它其实很多年都是淡水湖，后来因为蒸发太厉害，盐分才慢慢积累起来的。

Like, it would have been a freshwater lake for years before the salts kinda built up because of the evaporation because it evaporates so much.

我觉得很难想象这个盐湖到底有多大。

I think that it's hard to appreciate how huge the salt and sea is.

我回家路上飞越了那里，特别有满足感，因为它真的大得惊人。

I flew over it on my way home, which was so satisfying because it's just enormous.

但当你身在其中，就在帝国谷里，地势太平坦了，根本看不清它到底有多广。

And when you're there, because it's so flat, it's in this Imperial Valley, you can't see.

你完全看不出它延伸了多远。

You can't see how far it goes.

它确实是美国最大的水体之一。

It like truly, it's one of the biggest bodies of water in The United States.

我们当初通过改道科罗拉多河，让河水流入帝国谷，持续了大概四年左右。

So we created it by diverting the Colorado River, where then it flowed into the Imperial Valley for, I think it was like four years.

那几年，水一直源源不断地灌进帝国谷。

It was like years of water flowing into the Imperial Valley.

但后来水流被截断了。

But then that eventually got cut off.

现在它就变成一个慢慢蒸发、逐渐消失的水体。

And now it's just this body of water that's like slowly evaporating and disappearing.

沿岸到处都是干涸废弃的海滨小镇。

So there's all these like dried out and completely abandoned kind of beach towns along the edge.

但问题在于，像大盐湖这样的地方之所以令人毛骨悚然，是因为当它们干涸成盐滩时，并不会像曼利湖那样留下一层完好的盐壳。

But the bad thing about that and the reason that the salt in the sea, Great Salt Lake are spooky in their death is because when they die and become these dry salt pans, it's not gonna be like Lake Manley, which is this perfectly preserved, like, salty crust.

相反，这层盐壳里混着毒素、砷、重金属，还有大量我们施在农田里的硝酸盐，最终都汇集到萨尔顿海，再沉积在干涸的湖床上。

Instead, it's a salty crust with toxins and arsenic and heavy metals and a lot of nitrate and things that we pump into our farmlands ends up in the Salton Sea and then ends up in that dry basin.

这些物质被风卷起，飘进每个人的肺里。

And that ends up picking up in the wind and then getting into everybody's lungs.

人们正在吸入这些农业污染物。

And so people are breathing in these like agricultural toxins.

这就是为什么萨尔顿海、大盐湖，还有哈萨克斯坦的咸海，癌症发病率会突然飙升。

And that's how you get these huge cancer rates that spike in the Salton Sea, the Great Salt Lake, the Aral Sea, which is out in Kazakhstan.

咸海的情况比萨尔顿海早了好几年，因为它几乎被完全抽干，用来灌溉农田。

They're like years ahead of what we're seeing happen at the Salton Sea because the Aral Sea was almost completely drained for agricultural purposes.

现在那里只剩一片有毒的尘土荒原。

And now it's just this like toxic wasteland of dust.

我们在索尔顿海的时候，看到很多尘卷风，因为那地方就像个干涸的盆地。

And while we were there at the Salton Sea, we saw so many dust devils because it's like this dry basin.

到处都是巨大的尘卷风在四处乱转。

And so there's all these giant dust devils that are like flying around.

我坐在那儿想，天啊，我和那些住在这里的人一样，正吸着这种细沙般的灰尘，而它们正是索尔顿海干涸后留下的。

And I was sitting there thinking, man, I am here, like, just like all these people who live here, just kind of breathing in this, like, fine silty dust that's a result of the drying of the Salton Sea.

这就是为什么我觉得这个地方特别吓人。

So that's kind of what makes it spooky to me.

这还不只是索尔顿海的问题。

And it's not just the Salton Sea.

2024年的一篇论文《来自干涸湖泊的有害尘埃》指出，维持大盐湖的水位能减少空气中的尘埃，也能降低不同族群暴露在尘埃中的不平等。

In the 2024 paper, Harmful Dust from Drying Lakes, Preserving Great Salt Lake water levels decreases ambient dust and racial disparities in population exposure.

论文明确指出，那些没有出口的湖泊——也就是内陆海——干涸，是二十一世纪最严重的生态灾难之一。

It lays it all out for Utah stating that the drying of lakes with no outlets called terminal lakes or inland seas is a major ecological catastrophe of the twenty first century.

这些湖床之所以干涸，一方面是因为气候变化导致入水量减少，另一方面也因为人类对水资源的需求不断增加。

And these lake beds are drying in part due to decreased inflows of water because of climate change and also due to increasing human demands for water.

研究发现，稳定大盐湖的水位主要有两大好处：减少空气中的尘埃，降低不同种族群体接触尘埃的不平等。

And the study found that two major benefits of stabilizing those water levels for the Great Salt Lake would be to decrease that airborne dust and reduce racial disparities in population exposures to dust.

因此，阻止湖泊干涸不仅能保护人类和生态健康，还能推动环境公平。

So halting the lake from drying up would protect human and ecological health while promoting environmental justice.

关于环境公平的更多内容，我们有一期关于生态危机的节目，链接会放在节目笔记里。

And for more on environmental justice, we have a critical ecology episode, which we're gonna link in the show notes.

但在其他大洲，2025年的一项研究《干旱暴露湖床的有毒尘埃排放：干涸湖泊带来的新型空气污染威胁》指出……

But on other continents, the twenty twenty five paper toxic dust emission from drought exposed lake beds, a new air pollution threat from dried lakes.

中国研究人员发现，全球大量湖泊正因气候变化和人类活动而迅速萎缩，这些湖床沉积物中积累的污染物正以尘埃气溶胶的形式释放到大气中。

Researchers in China found that a large number of lakes worldwide are shrinking rapidly due to climate change and human activities, and pollutants accumulated in these lake bed sediments are released into the atmosphere as dust aerosols.

研究发现，中国东部最大的两个湖泊——鄱阳湖和洞庭湖，遭遇了破纪录的干旱，湖面高达99%的区域完全暴露在空气中。

The study found that Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, the largest lakes in East China, experienced these record breaking droughts with up to 99% of the areas exposed to air.

研究团队发现，这些湖床产生的尘埃已超过该地区致癌风险的临界值，而且随着气候变化加剧，情况可能会更糟。

And the team found that the dust generated from the lake beds exceeded the regional thresholds of carcinogenic risk and may get worse as climate change progresses.

所以，有毒的水蒸发之后，留下的就是毒尘。

So toxic water evaporates.

毒素就这么被风吹成毒尘，让我们自己也一步步走向化为尘土的命运。

It leaves the toxins to become toxic dust in the wind, hastening our own return to being dust in the wind.

我的意思是，尘卷风看着真像幽灵，更别说那些微粒了，迟早会慢慢、痛苦地要了你的命。

I mean, dust devils do seem like ghosts, and then you also have particulate matter that could one day slowly, painfully kill you.

是啊。

Yeah.

还有鱼的残骸混在里面。

Also, fish particles in there.

死了这么多鱼。

So many dead fish.

死了这么多鱼。

So many dead fish.

对。

Yeah.

水越来越咸，又缺氧，因为根本没有新鲜水进来。

Salty and then a lack of oxygen because it doesn't have any kind of introduction of, like, fresh water or anything.

那根本就是个臭水坑。

Just the stink puddle is what that is.

是的。

Yeah.

我可以问问那些期待你来的人提的一些问题吗？

Can I ask you some questions from people who are excited that you're coming on?

当然可以。

Oh, yeah.

太好了。

Wonderful.

好的。

Okay.

不错。

Cool.

你觉得我会真的这么随意地让盐和海水变得这么脏吗？

Do you think I would just do the salt and sea dirty like that?

就这么扔着不管？

Just leave that?

当然不行。

Of course not.

苏丹海以前叫科奇亚湖，得名于当地原住民，他们靠湖里的软体动物、鱼类和水生植物为生。

So the Sultan Sea was once called Lake Cochia after the indigenous folks from the area who lived off the aquatic mollusks and the fish and the plants on the lake.

如今，苏丹海里养了一些人工放养的鱼，比如罗非鱼和一种叫墨西哥湾鼓鱼的鱼。

And as it stands, the Sultan Sea is home to some stocked fish like tilapia and something called a gulf croaker.

但科学家报告说，由于化肥径流引发的藻类爆发，加上各种有毒化学物质和盐度上升，97%的鱼类已经消失了。

But scientists report that 97% of the fish are gone due to algal blooms from fertilizer runoff and just general toxic chemicals and rising salinity.

不过有一种本地物种能适应萨尔顿海的高盐和污染，那就是沙漠小鱼，堪称鱼类学里的朋克硬汉。

One native species though can deal with the salinity and pollution of the Salton Sea, and that is the desert pupfish, which is the crustpunk of Ichthyology.

此外，还有四百多种鸟类会在这里栖息，或者把这儿当作迁徙途中的中转站。

Also, over 400 bird species hang out or use the area as kind of a migration truck stop.

但因为我们一直把这场人为造成的生态灾难当笑话讲，所以我们决定向盐海行动委员会捐款，致力于恢复盐海的生态，造福南加州的环境、经济和人民。

But because we have shit talked this disaster made human induced ecological nightmare, we'll be donating to the Salt and Sea Action Committee, which is committed to the rehabilitation of the Salt And Sea for the benefit and health of the environment, economy, and people of Southern California.

为了纪念Geo，我们还向大湖区联盟捐款，这是一家无党派的非营利组织，致力于在整个地区保护大湖区珍贵的淡水资源。

And in Geo's honor, we're also donating to the Alliance for the Great Lakes, which is a nonpartisan nonprofit working across the region to protect their most precious resource, the fresh, clean, and natural waters of the Great Lakes.

更多关于他们的信息，你可以访问 greatlakes.org。

So you can find out more about them at greatlakes.org.

感谢Ologies的赞助商，正是他们的支持让这些捐赠成为可能。

And thank you to sponsors of Ologies for making those donations possible.

好的。

Okay.

现在我们潜入水下，来看看你们在Patreon上提的问题——我数了数，一共有106个感叹号。

Let's slip below the surface into the fertile water of your Patreon questions, which collectively, I checked, contained a 106 exclamation points.

你们真的很喜欢Geo。

You love Geo.

我们也喜欢Geo。

We love Geo.

好的。

Okay.

我们收到了听众的问题。

We have questions from listeners.

埃莉诺·沃尓想问：

Eleanor Wall wants to know

你好，艾莉和杰奥。

Hello, Ally and Geo.

我只有两个词：卤水池。

I have exactly two words, brine pools.

你能跟我们说说卤水池，也就是水下湖泊吗？

What can you tell us about brine pools aka underwater lakes?

什么是

What is a

卤水池？

brine pool?

艾莉，你以前看过它们的视频吗？

Oh, do you have you seen a video of them before, Ally?

我也不太清楚。

I have I'm unaware.

好的。

Okay.

趁我跟你讲的时候去搜一下，因为卤水池特别吓人。

Google it while we're while I tell you about it because brine pools are extra spooky.

它们看起来有点像海底的陨石坑，但边缘有一圈白色的隆起，就像一杯阴森森的玛格丽特鸡尾酒。

They look kind of like craters on the seafloor, but rimmed with this ridge of white, kind of like a margarita glass of ghastliness.

我们在墨西哥湾发现了许多这样的地方，因为那里海底下面有古老的盐层。

We find a lot of them in the Gulf Of Mexico because the Gulf Of Mexico has this ancient salt deposit beneath the surface.

这些盐会通过一种叫盐构造的现象慢慢往上渗透，这其实挺有意思的。

And what happens is that salt kind of percolates up through what's called salt tectonics, which is kind of cool.

盐从地壳里往上冒，和海水混合后变成卤水，比周围已经很咸的海水还要重。

You have this salt kind of come up from the crust and it mixes with the water and it becomes brine, which is heavier than the surrounding ocean, which is already salty.

所以海底就形成了一个极度咸的水池，因为它密度大，就沉在那儿不动了。

So you have this extremely salty pool at the bottom of the ocean, which exists there because it's heavier.

而且那里完全没有氧气。

It's also anoxic, which means it has no oxygen in it.

所以任何依赖水中溶解氧生存的生物，一旦漂进这些卤水池，就会窒息而死。

And so if any creatures, which are dependent on the dissolved oxygen in the ocean water, drift into one of these brine pools, they end up suffocating.

看起来就像它们被电击了一样。

It kind of ends up looking like they're getting shocked.

有一段很出名的视频，显示一条鳗鱼在卤水池里抽搐，就是因为池里没氧，它正在慢慢窒息。

Like, there's this famous video of an eel that's, like, convulsing in a brine pool, and it's because it doesn't have any oxygen in that pool, And it's starting to, like, suffocate essentially.

于是就有各种生物，比如螃蟹、龙虾之类的，一进去就再也出不来了。

And so you have all these creatures that go like crabs and lobsters and all these things that go into these brine pools and then never come out again.

它们被保存了下来。

And they're kind of preserved.

就像被腌在卤水池里一样，特别神奇。

They're pickled in these brine pools, and it's kind of fascinating.

所以我很喜欢卤水池。

So, yeah, I love brine pools.

这些卤水池的盐度最高可达周围海水的五倍，它们可能在极地冰盖下由板块运动形成，或者根据2017年康拉德和西奥班对红海深卤水的研究，通过测深旁扫声呐和地震勘探发现。

So these brine pools, which can be up to five times as salty as the water around them, can happen under polar ice via tectonic forces, or according to the 2017 paper, study of Conrad and Siobhan deep brine's Red Sea using bathymetric parasound, and seismic surveys.

卤水池也可能由地下的岩浆活动形成。

The brine pools can be formed from subsurface magmatic activity.

但更重要的是，你得知道，卤水池还有一个名字叫‘ goo lagoon ’。

But more importantly, I need you to know that a brine pool is also called a goo lagoon.

Goo Lagoon。

Goo Lagoon.

说白了，就是个臭烘烘的泥水坑。

A stinky mud puddle for you and me.

就像《发现》杂志里说的，那是‘绝望的热水浴缸’。

Or in the words of one Discovery article, a jacuzzi of despair.

乔说，有些卤水池特别小，小得像个小水洼，而另一些则大得惊人，宽度超过一英里。

Geo says that some brine pools are really small, like itty bitty ponds, while others are enormous, like over a mile wide.

但她就是喜欢卤水池。

But she loves brine pools.

特别喜欢。

Loves them.

我根本不知道它们还存在。

I didn't even know they existed.

对。

Mhmm.

凯特琳·塞克斯特恩，我想让你知道，凯特琳说这是我的人生最棒的一天。

Caitlin Sexton, I just wanna let you know that Caitlin said this is the best day of my life.

嗨，凯特琳。

Hi, Caitlin.

还有没有

Are there

除了灵异湖泊之外，还有没有其他让Geo想推广的诡异水体？

any other spooky bodies of water Geo would like to spread the word about that do not fall under spooky lakes?

凯蒂·哈蒙德说，我记得Geo曾经报道过一条灵异的溪流。

And Katie Hammond said, I remember Geo covering a spooky river stream.

奥黛丽问到了那些诡异的河流。

Audrey asked about spooky rivers.

还有别人也问我了。

Someone else asked me.

你现在在弗雷德堡。

You're in Fredburg.

我明白了。

I got you.

我不知道该怎么念这个发音。

I do not got how to pronounce.

谢谢。

Thank you.

关于

About

沸水河。

the Boiling River.

不过呢。

But yeah.

所以不只是湖泊才让人觉得阴森。

So it's not just lakes that are spooky.

对。

Mhmm.

当一个喷泉已经夺走了一些生命时，你什么时候决定要提醒大家注意呢？首先，因为这确实很重要。

At what point do you decide this fountain that has claimed some lives, let's educate people about it, number one, because that is Yeah.

知道这些真的很有用。

Really good to know.

而且，像这种湖也够吓人的了。

And also, like, lake enough.

你懂的。

You know?

我觉得关键就在于，水不管以什么形式出现，都有可能致命。

I think it's just this idea that water can kill you in, like, any form.

不管是封闭的水体，还是那种突如其来的暴雨。

Whether it is something that is in a contained body of water, or if it's one of these freak rainstorms.

去年我做过一个话题，是我最喜欢的主题之一，就是地铁被淹的情况，因为突然有大量积水涌入。

Like, one topic I did last year, which was like one of my favorite topics ever, which was just about subways that flood because there's like these inundations of water.

那水最后去哪儿了？

And then where does the water go?

水就灌进了地铁系统里。

It goes into the subway systems.

降雨越来越猛烈，持续时间却越来越短，导致世界各地的地铁系统都成了洪水的收纳地。

Increasingly intense bursts of rain in increasingly brief periods of time has resulted in subway systems from around the world becoming the receptacles of floodwater.

随着极端天气越来越频繁，会有更多地铁系统遭遇同样的命运。

As extreme weather events become more frequent, we'll see more subway systems experience the same fate.

这些临时被洪水填满的隧道里，回荡着地面上城市喧嚣的声音。

These transitory tunnels now filled with rushing murky water echo the sound of the bustling city above.

地铁系统最后就像变成了真正的洞穴潜水现场，不过我还是很喜欢河流。

The subway systems end up like as literal cave diving scenarios, but I do love rivers.

其实我正在写书，之前已经写完了，现在正在画一些阴森的河流。

And actually, I'm writing and I already wrote and I'm illustrating spooky rivers.

我之前画过阴森的湖泊，现在正在画阴森的河流。

So I have like spooky lakes, and then I'm doing spooky rivers right now.

接下来我会去画阴森的海洋。

And then I eventually will do spooky seas.

再说一遍，Geo的那本《阴森湖泊》，插图美得不得了。

Again, Geo's book, Spooky Lakes, absolutely beautifully illustrated.

每一页都像一幅画。

Like, every page is a painting.

里面的内容也特别有意思。

The info is fascinating.

你可以去 spookylakes.com 看她的书，还有涂色本和周边商品。

You can go to spookylakes.com to see her book or the coloring book, merch.

我特别喜欢。

I love it.

我觉得特别有启发。

I find it so inspiring.

天哪，真是太棒了。

Boy, howdy, hot dog.

说到热啊。

Speaking of hot.

今年六月，我去过秘鲁的沸水河。

I visited, the Boiling River in Peru in June.

我跟安德烈斯·鲁索一起去的，他就是那位让沸水河闻名国际的科学家。

I, like, just went to the Boiling River with, Andres Russo, who is like the scientist who brought the Boiling River to international attention.

不过当地原住民早就知道这个地方了。

But the native people knew about it for a very long time.

这条河很特别，因为它真的在沸腾，水温超过华氏二百度。

But it's an unusual river because it's a river that truly boils, where it's like over 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

要是不小心掉进去，有人已经出过事，整个人会瞬间被严重烫伤，几乎没生还的可能。

And if you fall in, people have fallen in, you might not survive because you essentially get like a crazy third degree burn over your whole body.

这个地方挺有意思的。跟黄石公园不一样，黄石公园那个幽灵湖的水里全是重金属和毒素之类的东西，都是从火山源头涌上来的。但秘鲁这条沸腾河的水却很干净，这真的很奇怪。

And it's an interesting place because unlike in Yellowstone, which is also a Spooky Lake topic, where the water is full of heavy metals and toxins and stuff like that from coming up from a volcanic source, This boiling river in Peru is clean, which is really weird.

科学家们甚至也没完全搞明白为什么会这样。

And scientists don't even really like 100% understand why that's happening.

是因为岩石起到了过滤作用吗？

Is it because the rock is acting as like a filter?

到底是啥机制让水既沸腾又这么干净的？

Is it like what is happening there that's making the water boil and be really clean?

所以早上我们会带着茶杯和茶包去河边，舀一杯河水，然后就能泡早茶了。

And so we, in the morning, we would go down to the river with our teacups and our teabags, and you just go and you scoop a cup of water from the river, and then you have tea in the morning.

所以这地方真的挺神奇的，因为这种体验别处可没有。

So it's like kind of an incredible place to visit because because it's like, you can't do that anywhere else.

全世界其他地方可不行，只有沸河能做到这一点。

Like, do not do that anywhere else in the world, but you can do it at the Boiling River.

我本来想提贾第鞭毛虫的，不过算了。

I was gonna say giardia, be damned.

因为高温能把那些可能对你有害的微生物全杀掉。

It's because it just kills microbes that might be not great for you.

对。

Yeah.

所以我觉得河流真的特别诡异，特别值得我们关注和爱护。它们不只是安静地待着——就算写完这本书、现在还在为它画插图，我依然觉得河流的诡异在于急流、洪水，还有人类总是围绕河流建城，结果却被河流背叛。

So definitely think that rivers are spooky and deserve a lot of, like, love and attention because they but they just don't I think that, like, even after writing this book, and I'm currently illustrating it, rivers are more spooky because of, like, rapids and because of flooding and because of the way that civilizations build themselves around rivers and then rivers deceive them.

河流会突然掉头，把一切摧毁。

Like rivers turn around and like destroy things.

真正让人毛骨悚然的是，河流本质上就是杀手，你懂的。

And that's kind of what's more spooky about rivers is like they're just they're killers, you know?

跟湖泊不一样，湖泊就只是静静地待在那里，虽然底下也藏着秘密，但它们本身不主动害人。

And so unlike lakes where like lakes are just kind of chilling there and they're not really but doing they got they got secrets at the bottom.

所以这是一种完全不同的诡异。

So it's like a different type of spooky.

是的。

Yeah.

这看起来有种主动和被动的区别。

It seems active versus passive almost in a in a certain way.

就像是你不知不觉陷进去了。

It's like you you fell into it.

这才是你的问题。

That's your problem.

但河流会主动牵着你的手，然后试图要你的命。

But a river will take you by the hand and and try to kill you.

那不同颜色的湖呢？

What about different colored lakes?

云朵、虫子和蘑菇都想知道澳大利亚的粉红湖是怎么回事。

Clouds, bugs, and shrooms wanted to know about Pink Lake in Australia.

这到底怎么回事？

What's up with that?

马特·赫舍尔还问了西澳大利亚一个叫希尔亚德湖的咸水湖，我查了一下。

Matt Herschel also asked about the Western Australia salty lake called Lake Hilliard, and I googled it.

这景象就像芭比有个临水度假屋，或者说是最好的那种粉红药水海洋。

It looks like if Barbie had a waterfront vacation home or, like, maybe a sea of Pepto Bismol in the best way.

感觉怪怪的。

It's eerie.

不如叫它‘粉红末日’。

More like Pepto Abysmal.

真棒。

Nice.

费利佩·希门尼斯问好，阿里。

And Felipe Jimenez asked, hi, Ali.

在智利北部的阿塔卡马沙漠，有一些高海拔湖泊，比如红湖和绿湖，颜色非常鲜艳，有深红、碧绿，甚至乳白色。

In Northern Chile's Atacama Desert, there are high altitude lakes like Laguna Roja and Laguna Verde that are strikingly colored, deep red, turquoise, even milky white.

这些湖泊很多在当地社区眼中都是神圣的，或者说是危险的。

Many of these lakes are also considered sacred or dangerous by local communities.

费利佩，问得真好。

Felipe, great question.

很多人问到了彩虹湖的事。

A lot of you asked rainbow lakes.

这是怎么回事？

How?

萨拉·曼兹还问，澳大利亚有没有阴森的湖泊，提到了芒特加比尔的一个蓝色湖泊和温泉。

Sarah Manz also asked if there are spooky lakes in Australia and mentioned a blue lake in Mount Gambier, hot lagoon.

所以，就是那些颜色不一样的湖。

So, yeah, things that are different colors.

这到底是怎么回事？

What's up with that?

其实我觉得，几乎彩虹上的每种颜色都能在湖里找到。

There's actually I feel like there's lakes that have come in, like, almost every color of the rainbow.

印度尼西亚有一片湖泊，颜色变化就像情绪戒指一样。

There's actually a set of lakes in Indonesia that look like a mood ring.

它们会变成各种不同的颜色。

They've, like, changed into all these different colors.

有一篇文章提到，那个湖水会变色的火山，附近有三个颜色各异的湖泊，彼此紧挨着。

And according to one article, the volcano whose lake waters change color, these three different lakes of varying hues are right next door to each other.

它们之间只隔着一道薄薄的岩石屏障，就像你鼻子里的鼻中隔一样。

They're divided by, like, a thin fence of rock, kind of like a septum in the volcano of your nose.

只要是和火山相连的湖泊，都有可能呈现出各种奇怪的颜色。

So any lake that is connected to a volcano has the potential of being like weird, wacky colors.

比如考艾詹湖就是亮蓝色的，只要湖底冒出不同种类的矿物质，湖水就可能变成黑色、红色、橙色，或者任何其他稀奇古怪的颜色。

So like Kauaijen is like neon blue, and you get these lakes any lake that has these different types of minerals coming up, it could be black, it could be red, it could be orange, it could be like any of those weird colors as a result.

不过，希尔勒湖的情况有点不一样。

Lake Hillier, though, is a little different.

我之前讲过希尔勒湖。

I have talked about Lake Hillier.

我也聊过粉红色的湖泊，因为地球上这种湖其实挺多的。

I've talked about pink lakes in general because there's a lot of pink lakes on earth.

地球上有很多惊艳的粉红湖，比如塞内加尔的雷特巴湖。

There's a lot of amazing pink lakes on earth, including like Lake Retba in Senegal.

你知道吗？我们美国的大盐湖也常常呈现粉红色，这跟湖水的含盐量有关。

You know, even our great salt lake here in The United States is often a pink lake, and that's because of the salt content.

所以这些粉红色的湖通常都很咸。

So these pink lakes are usually salty.

正因如此，才会生长出这种粉红色的藻类。

And as a result of the salt, you end up with this pink algae that grows.

而这种粉红色藻类又养活了一种卤水虾，它们也是粉红色的。

And the pink algae also sustains a population of brine shrimp, which are also pink.

卤水虾加上粉红藻，就形成了一个共同生活的粉红色小生态。

And the brine shrimp plus the pink algae, you end up with this little community of pink things that live together.

这也是火烈鸟变粉的原因——它们会去粉红色的湖，比如坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖，吃那些卤水虾。

This is also how flamingos turn pink because flamingos go to pink lakes, also like Lake Natron in Tanzania, and they eat the brine shrimp.

久而久之，它们的羽毛就变成了粉红色。

And as a result, they turn pink.

所以这一切都跟粉红藻有关，正是它维系着这些水域里这一整套粉红色的生命系统。

And so like all of these things are connected to the pink algae, which kind of sustains this this little pink population on these bodies of water.

明白了。

Okay.

但希尔勒湖——那个粉红色的湖——正在褪色。2022年有一项研究，标题是《澳大利亚希尔勒湖的微生物组与宏基因组分析》，发现其中含有大量产色素的极端微生物，并展现出广泛的代谢适应能力。

But Lake Hillier, the Peptobismosi, is fading, and there was a 2022 study titled Microbiome and Metagenomic Analysis of Lake Hillier, Australia reveals pigment rich polyextremophiles and wide ranging metabolic adaptations.

这项研究发表在《环境生物组》期刊上，指出我们的数据显示，希尔勒湖的微生物组由多种产色素微生物组成，其中许多被归类为多极端微生物。

This is in the journal Environmental Biome, and it says that our data indicate that the microbiome in Lake Hillier is composed of multiple pigment producer microbes, many of which are cataloged as polyextremophiles.

不过，有好消息，也有坏消息。

But a little good news, bad news.

根据2025年的一篇报道，西澳大利亚的希尔勒湖虽然失去了标志性的粉红色，但人们对其恢复仍抱有强烈希望。

According to a 2025 article, Western Australia's Lake Hillier loses iconic pink color, but there is strong hope for its recovery.

2022年发生了一次大规模的海上强降雨，稀释了湖水的盐度，但科学家表示，随着水分蒸发、水位下降，粉红色最终会重新出现。

There was a massive offshore rainfall event in 2022, which diluted the salt levels, but scientists say that the pink color will eventually be restored when the water evaporates and the water level drops.

另外，我顺便查了点相关资料。

Also, was researching this aside.

我当时在听音乐，突然播到了Florist乐队的那首《Moon Begins》。

I was listening to music, and the song Moon Begins by the band Florist came on.

歌词里写着：死亡将如爱的云朵般降临。

And the lyrics, as I'm researching this aside were Death will come than a cloud of love.

没有哪片土地能比水边更特别。

There's no land like the water's edge.

真有点诡异。

Spooky.

不过，那些生活在粉红湖里的微生物和矿物质，终会像爱的云朵一样回归，充满各种极端微生物——很多都是你们观众提到过的，包括特蕾莎·格里森、凯瑟琳·布格努鲁格、查克·梅里亚姆、克拉拉·斯塔维诺夫·瓦格纳、里斯·普里尼、杰西·克劳福德、格雷梅尔金勋爵，还有一种极其稀有、几乎灭绝的物种，只生活在一些奇特的地方。

But, yes, the critters and minerals in the pink Lake will return like a cloud of love, full of poly extremophiles, many of which you patrons asked about, including Teresa Gleason, Kathleen Bugenarug, Chuck Merriam, Clara Stavinov Wagner, Reese Purini, Jesse Crawford, Earl of Greymelkin, and one very rare, nearly extinct species living in weird places.

它看起来像一条钴蓝色的金鱼，我们之前在这期节目里，还有关于洞穴的洞穴学那一期里都提到过它们。

It looks like a cobalt blue goldfish, and we mentioned them earlier in this episode and in the Speleology episode about caves.

用雷的话说，咱们能聊聊鳉鱼吗？为什么它们是最酷的鱼？

In Ray's words, can we please talk about pupfish and why they're the coolest fish?

当然可以。

Yes.

这就像魔鬼洞那样。

That's like the devil's hole.

在美洲西南部的这片沙漠里，有几个不同种类的鳉鱼，只生活在各自独立的水洼中。

There's a couple different pupfish which are unique to these different pools of water in that desert area in the American Southwest.

比如鳉鱼和魔鬼洞鳉鱼，它们可能是最出名的，因为人们为研究这些生活在沙漠中央洞穴里的鳉鱼投入了数百万美元，这让一些人很不满。

So there's there's the pupfish and devil's hole, which I think are the most famous pupfish because we've put millions of dollars into, like, researching and studying these pupfish in this hole in the middle of the desert, and that makes some people mad.

有些人就会问，为什么要花几百万美元去保护这些小鱼？

Some people are like, why are we putting millions of dollars into these pupfish?

可它们是这个物种里仅存的成员。

They're the only ones of their species.

我记得曾经一度，活着的个体还不到二十条。

I think that at one point, there was, like, less than 20 of them alive.

有趣的是，魔鬼洞里的鳉鱼确实特别，但魔鬼洞本身下面其实藏着一个巨大的地下湖，而这些鳉鱼只生活在湖面最顶层的一小片水域——就是阳光能照到的那一点点地方。

And the funny thing about Devil's Hole is that the pupfish are interesting, but Devil's Hole actually has this enormous lake of water beneath it that the pupfish the pupfish are living at, like, the top little speck of water, like, near the surface where the sun is hitting.

但事实上，这个洞穴曾经夺走过人的性命。

But actually that place, that hole has like killed people.

确实有人在那里丧生，是直接因为掉进去而死的。

Like people have died down there and died as a result.

这些鳉鱼和过去葬身于此的亡者共享着这个洞穴，而那些遗体我们从未打捞上来。

So these pupfish are sharing that hole with the dead of the past, which we have never retrieved.

我真的很喜欢鳉鱼。

So I do love pupfish.

我觉得嗜极生物特别有意思。

I think extremophiles are really interesting.

很多嗜极生物都生活在火山地区那些盐分高、酸性强的水体里。

A lot of extremophiles in these salty, acidic bodies of water from volcanic locations.

我最喜欢的嗜极生物之一，是科学家在西班牙里奥廷托河研究的那种，那条河是红橙色的。

And then one of my favorite extremophiles are the extremophiles that they study at Rio Tinto, which is the river in Spain, which is red and orange.

你要是搜一下图片，会发现它是世界上看起来最诡异的河流之一。

Like if you Google it, it's like one of the craziest looking rivers in the world.

因为那里的人已经采铜矿采了将近两千年。

And it's because they have mined copper there for like two thousand years.

所有采矿排出的有毒废水，把整条河染成了亮橙色和鲜红色。

And all of that mining runoff, all of that like toxic runoff has turned this river, like, neon orange and neon red.

NASA 确实去过那里采样，研究这些极端微生物，因为那是一个非常奇特、独特的环境，而且还是人类活动的副产品。

And NASA has actually gone there to take samples to study extremophiles because it's like one of the strangest, unique environments on earth that's kind of a human byproduct.

所以我对很多这类生物都

So there's tons of those that I

觉得特别着迷。

think are just so fascinating.

你的一些问题，包括凯莉·李、奥布里·尼尔森、阿曼达·拉斯、罗文·蒂尔、雷切尔·詹蒂尔、凯蒂·哈蒙德、奥布里·尼尔森、JMO 和鲍比·巴尔杜奇提出的，都是从‘是的’开始的。

Now some of your questions, including Kelly Lee's, Aubrey Nelsons, Amanda Lask, Rowan Tree, Rachel Gentile, Katie Hammond, Aubrey Nelson, JMO, and Bobby Balducci started with, yes.

还有像 Jen A、Sally Warren、RJ Taylor 和 GeoSassy 这些忠实粉丝也想知道。

Hello, and other big fans such as Jen a, Sally Warren, RJ Taylor, and GeoSassy wanted to know.

你有没有亲眼见过哪些特别让你震撼的？

Have you seen any in person that really dazzled you?

有。

Yeah.

我的意思是，我提到的那些微生物大多都很难到达。

I mean, I think that a lot of the ones that I'm talked about are really hard to get to.

比如，去坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖真的很难。

Like, it is hard to get to Lake Natron in Tanzania.

我觉得一个容易到达的好例子是黄石公园，不过我自己还没去过。

I think a good example that would be easy to get to, but I have not been myself, is Yellowstone.

黄石公园是各种奇特湿地的集中地，这些湿地都是火山活动造成的。

Yellowstone is like a hotbed for strange wet environments, which are a result of this volcanic activity.

我看过你拍的关于那个喷泉的视频，它这些年颜色变了，因为里面堆满了垃圾。

I saw your video about the geyser that has changed colors over the years because there's garbage in it.

是啊。

Oh, yeah.

太多硬币被人扔进去，想许愿了。

Too many pennies that they tried to blow out there.

那可太搞笑了，因为那根本不是我正式的‘诡异湖泊’系列视频，但我觉得这个话题特别有意思。

That was so funny because, like, that wasn't even one of my official Spooky Lake videos, but I, like, thought the topic was really interesting.

所以我就当晚赶着做出来了。

So I just made it that night.

我刚做完关于黄石的那期《灵异湖泊》视频，就顺手拍了这个，本来只是随便拍拍，结果居然比那个月其他所有视频都火。

Like, right after making my Spooky Lake video on the Yellowstone, I made that video, like, as a throwaway video, and it was more popular than, like, the rest of the videos from that month.

但你看，这个颜色搭配根本对不上。

But as you can see, the color palette really does not sync up.

以前它可是像 morning glory 花一样湛蓝的。

And that's because it used to be blue like the morning glory flower.

人们往水池里扔了太多垃圾和杂物，把水的化学成分都改变了。

People threw so much debris and garbage into the pool that it actually changed the chemistry of the water.

不过确实，我们往这个温泉里扔了太多垃圾，结果连水温都变了，颜色也就跟着变了。

But, yeah, that was a geyser which we threw so much trash into that we actually, like, changed the temperature of the water and that changed the color of it.

那些喜欢高温的极端微生物，也就是嗜热菌，全都迁移、变了样。

The thermophiles, which are, like, hot loving extremophiles, like shifted and changed.

这个现象也很有意思。

And so that's a fascinating one as well.

我完全不知道还有这回事。

I had no idea.

我看着这个，心里就想：不可能吧。

I was watching that and just thinking like, no.

这么多八十六块和硬币啊。

So many like $86 and pennies.

拜托，你们认真点行不行。

Like, come on, guys.

对啊。

Yeah.

安德鲁·麦克维、柯蒂斯·多格和梅格·扎罗尼想了解位于俄勒冈州南部的火山口湖。

Andrew McVeigh, Curtis Dog, and Meg Zaroni want to know about Crater Lake in Southern Oregon.

安德鲁说，湖水完全靠雨水和雪水补给，夏天水位会下降，但科学家还没找到明显的出水口。

Andrew says, only filled with rain and snow, and the level drops over the summer, but there's no clear outlet that scientists have found.

柯蒂斯·多格想知道火山口湖里那个漂浮的幽灵木头的事。

Curtis Dog wants to know about the ghost log floating around Crater Lake.

你听说过这个吗？

Have you heard of that?

是的。

Yeah.

克拉特尔湖的老者。

Old Man of the Crater Lake.

湖中老人其实是一段古老的铁杉树桩，这棵树已经有四百多年历史了，自有人记录以来就一直泡在湖里。

So Old Man of the Lake is an old hemlock stump, which is like a 400 year old tree that has been in the lake for as long as we have record.

我们甚至有19世纪拍下的这张树桩的照片。

Like we have a picture of this stump from like the 1800s.

它已经在那儿待了那么久。

It's been around for that long.

这是一段沉木树桩，这种东西其实并不少见。

It's a deadhead stump, which is not in and itself unique.

沉木树桩经常出现，树干泡水后变重，但上半部分没怎么吸水，保持干燥，就像个软木塞一样浮在水面上。

Deadhead stumps happen a lot where the tree itself becomes waterlogged, but then, like, the top half of it kind of doesn't get waterlogged and and remains dry, and it kinda becomes like a cork where it's bobbing in the water.

而在水下，你看到的是树桩的上半截。

But underneath the water, like, you see the top half of the stump.

它特别大。

It's huge.

顺便说一句，它真的特别大。

It's huge, by the way.

你甚至可以在上面站人。

It's like, you could stand on it.

而且，我觉得这根木头在水下还有三四十英尺深。

And then there's like, I think there's thirty, forty feet beneath the surface of this log.

什么？

What?

但如果克拉特湖风平浪静，你就能清楚地看到整根木头在水下的部分。

But if it's a calm day on the Crater Lake, then you can see that entire log underneath the surface.

这可把人吓坏了。

It freaks people out.

但大家又特别喜欢它。

People love it.

不过关于湖的老者，有个阴谋论，说科学家们想把他绑住，好把他弄走，方便研究。

But there is a conspiracy theory about the old man of the lake, which is that if you tie him up, like scientists apparently wanted to like study and get him out of the way.

就是得把他弄走，别让他在这儿晃悠。

Like, we got to keep the old man out of here.

干脆把他绑起来算了。

Like, let's tie him up.

结果他们真把他绑了，没想到克拉特湖上突然刮起一场怪异的风暴，一直不停，直到他们把他放了才平息。

So he tied him up, and there was this crazy storm on Crater Lake that, like, didn't stop until they released the old man.

很多人觉得，这个老者简直像湖里的某种灵体，一直存在着。

People, like, think the old man kind of is almost like a spirit that kind of is present at Crater Lake.

所以我查了点照片。

So I looked at pictures.

看起来就像一根巨大的雪茄，一端被咬过，漂在一杯蓝色的利口酒里。

It looks like if a giant cigar with a bitten end were bobbing in a glass of blue liqueur.

这棵巨大的铁杉木露出水面的部分，已经风化发白，边缘参差不齐。

And the exposed tip of this big hemlock behemoth is weathered and white and jagged.

它看起来就像一个树桩漂浮在平静的海面上，但有时候每天能移动三英里左右，而且总是垂直移动。

It looks like a stump surrounded in a placid sea, but it moves around sometimes up to three miles a day, but always vertically.

如果你有台时间机器，就能亲眼看看——通往那片美得惊人的湖泊的小路，那湖是火山喷发后形成的，四周都是陡峭的岩壁，从今年秋天开始直到2029年都会关闭。

And you can see it for yourself if you have a time machine because it looks like the trail to this gorgeous lake, which was formed by a volcano surrounded by steep rocky cliffs, will be closed from this fall until 2029.

所以，把你的时间机器调到去年或者2029年，亲自去见见这位老先生吧。

So set your time machines to last year or 2029 to see the old man yourself.

你可以坐船去，要是运气好，坐国家公园管理局的船经过时，就能看到老先生，还能跟他打个招呼。

You can take the boat, and the boat if you're lucky on that boat ride with National Park Service, it'll take you to pass the old man and you can go say hi to him.

我也想去跟他打个招呼。

I want to go say hi to him.

对啊。

Yeah.

特别有意思。

It's really fun.

那接下来呢？

So what's next?

贝加尔湖。

Lake Baikal.

对，没错。

Oh, yeah.

其实我正想说呢，艾莉，如果我们没提到贝加尔湖，我也会主动提起的。

Actually, was gonna say, Ali, if we didn't talk about Lake Baikal, I was gonna bring her up.

好的。

Okay.

很好。

Good.

很好。

Good.

很好。

Good.

很好。

Good.

好。

Good.

由此可见它有多重要。

That's how important it is.

我们总是得聊贝加尔湖。

We like We always have to talk about Lake Baikal.

每次都会提到它。

It always needs to come up.

每个人都该了解贝加尔湖。

Everybody needs to know about Lake Baikal.

全世界都该知道贝加尔湖。

Like the world needs to know about Lake Baikal.

要是不知道，那就得听这个播客。

And if they don't, then they got to listen to this podcast.

贝加尔湖是世界上最奇怪的湖。

Lake Baikal is the weirdest lake in the world.

最奇怪的。

The weirdest.

它是世界上历史最悠久的湖泊。

It's the oldest lake in the world.

我们怎么知道的？

How do we know?

我们可以检测岩石，因为它是裂谷型湖泊之一。

We can test rock and like we know because it's one of these tectonic lakes.

所以它和太浩湖类似，不是冰川形成的，而是地壳运动造成的。

So it's actually similar to Lake Tahoe in that it's like more it's not a lake created from glaciers.

它是地壳正在拉裂的地方形成的湖泊。

It's a lake where the earth is like pulling apart.

死海也是同样的情况。

Same with the Dead Sea.

死海非常古老，而且非常深。

The Dead Sea is really old and it's really deep.

死海的深度大约有九百英尺。

The Dead Sea is like 900 feet deep.

这太惊人了。

It's crazy.

这些地方都是地壳正在拉裂的地方，或者存在某种地质断层。

And these are places where the earth is like pulling apart or there's like a tectonic rift of some kind.

比如玻利维亚和秘鲁的的的喀喀湖，也是同样的情况，就在这个裂谷带上。

Like Lake Titicaca in Bolivia and Peru, same thing, where it's like on this rift valley.

所以我们知道，贝加尔湖是地球上最古老的湖泊。

So we know that Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world.

它已经有两亿五千万年的历史了。

It's 25,000,000 years old.

顺便说一下，这跟世界上最古老的河流比起来就差远了——那条河在澳大利亚，叫芬克河，已经有四亿年历史了。

Just so you know, that's got nothing on the oldest river in the world, which is in Australia, which is the Finke River, which is 400,000,000 years old.

很多人脑子里想到的都是贝加尔湖，比如Adze Erminologist、Eleanor Wall、Clay O'Morman、Tommy McElrath和Robin Kuehn，他们问：你能讲讲那个湖吗？那是他们第一个想到的诡异湖泊。

A lot of you had Baikal on the brains, like Adze Erminologist, Eleanor Wall, Clay O'Morman, Tommy McElrath, and Robin Kuehn, who asked, can you talk about Lake It's the first spooky lake that came to mind.

五千英尺深，水特别清澈，还有海豹，再加个安特罗邦？

What would be 5,000 foot depth and the super clear fresh water and the seals and then an Antero bang?

不过话说回来，贝加尔湖确实是世界上最古老的湖泊，同时也是最深的湖。

Anyway, Lake Baikal though is the oldest lake in the world, and it's also the deepest lake.

它深度超过一英里。

So it's over a mile deep.

具体来说，有五千三百八十七英尺深。

So it's 5,387 feet deep.

你们可以自己查证一下，我知道这数据没错。

And feel free to fact check me on that because I know it's right.

没错，确实如此。

That's correct.

它是世界上最深的湖泊。

It is the deepest lake.

为了做个对比，我们刚才还聊过火山口湖。

And just for comparison, so we were just talking about Crater Lake.

克拉特湖大约有1900英尺深。

Crater Lake is something like 1,900 feet deep.

所以也算挺深的，但还没超过一英里。

So it's like pretty deep, but it's not over a mile deep.

5387英尺深，那真是深得不得了。

So 5,387 feet deep is really deep.

我跟你说过，河流通常会害死湖泊，因为会带进泥沙。

And because of that, you know, I told you that rivers usually kill lakes because they bring sediment in.

有超过300条河流把泥沙带进贝加尔湖。

So there's over 300 rivers that are carrying sediment into Lake Baikal.

但因为它是裂谷湖，裂谷带一直在拉伸，所有这些泥沙都直接沉到湖底的裂谷里去了。

But because it's a rift lake where the rift is like being pulled apart on the Baikal Rift Zone, all of that sediment is just disappearing into the rift underneath the surface.

所以虽然它已经超过一英里深，但要是算上裂谷底部堆积的泥沙，实际还要更深。

So even though it's over a mile deep, it's even deeper than that if you go to the bottom of the rift where all that sediment has been building up.

泥沙在湖底堆积的深度，加起来超过两万英尺。

So it's like over 20,000 feet underneath the surface where that sediment has been building up.

所以比科爾地區真幸運。

So Bicol is lucky.

我們真的很幸運，因為它在俄羅斯。

We're really lucky because it's in Russia.

它在西伯利亞。

It's in Siberia.

它位於無人區的中心。

It's in the middle of nowhere.

實際上很難到達。

It's actually hard to get to.

我們幸運的是，這裡有個獨特的生態系統，貝加爾湖80%的物種都是當地特有的，只在這兒能找到。

And we're lucky because because it has a very unique ecosystem where 80% of the species that live in Lake Baikal are endemic to Lake Baikal, so they can only be found at Lake Baikal.

比如貝加爾湖端足類，一種挺奇怪的甲殼動物。

We're talking about the Baikal amphipod, which is like this weird crustacean.

還有戈列米安卡魚，這是一種深海魚，但其實它並不生活在海裡。

We're talking about the Golemyanka fish, which is one of these deep sea fish, but it's not a sea fish.

这是一种淡水鱼。

It's an lake fish.

它生活在贝加尔湖最深处，承受着巨大的水压。

It's like lives at the very bottom of Lake Baikal underneath all that enormous pressure.

最有名的应该是贝加尔海豹，是一种海豹，它们的祖先还能追溯到北极地区的同类。

And we have the most famous, I think, is the Baikal nerpa, which is a seal, but like their ancestors, like we can still connect them to their Arctic ancestors.

不是在贝加尔湖生活的。

Not at Lake Baikal.

没人知道这些海豹是怎么到达那里的。

These seals, we have no idea how they got there.

它们已经在那儿生活了大约两百万年。

They've been there for some two million years.

已经适应了在贝加尔湖中生存。

They've evolved to live at Lake Baikal.

幸运的是，它们的数量现在很稳定。

And luckily, their population is doing well.

我觉得，这在当今世界上可不是每件事都能做到的。

I think that that's something that we can't really say about a lot of things in the world right now.

不过幸运的是，贝加尔海豹的种群状况还不错。

But luckily, the Baikal Nirpa is doing pretty well.

贝加尔海豹。

The Baikal Nirpa.

你说，这难道不可爱吗？

You know, isn't this so cute?

其实你瞧。

Actually, look.

今年我特意做了一个贝加尔海豹的珐琅徽章。

I just did a I did an an enamel pin this year for the Vaikal Nerpa.

你看这

Look how

多可爱啊。

cute it is.

宝宝。

Baby.

一只可爱的小卡通海豹，长着胡须，笑容像个小家伙，眼睛亮亮的。

A sweet little cartoon seal with whiskers and a smile like a little bright eyed infant.

这些海豹是怎么跑到内陆这么远的地方来的？

How did these get so far inland?

我想象它们是靠着肚皮一路蹦跶过来的，或者可能是几十年前搭上了一辆灰烟色的长途巴士。

I pictured them just hopping along on their guts to get there, or maybe they boarded a smoky greyhound bus decades ago.

不过，我们的海豹专家路易斯·赫克斯特博士告诉我，很久以前曾有一条水道连接着贝加尔湖和海洋，这些小涅普海豹就是顺着那条水道，像坐漂流船一样漂过来的。

But our pinna pedology expert on seals, doctor Louis Huxtat, told me that at some point, there was a channel that connected Lake Baikal to the sea, and it allowed these little Nerpa seals to kind of float there like a log flume ride.

这正是人们最感兴趣的地方。

That's like the thing that I think people are always really excited about.

他们总在问：为什么五大湖里不能有海豹？

They're like, why can't we have a seal in the Great Lakes?

其实啊，再给五大湖几百万年，说不定就真有了。

And it's like, well, give the Great Lakes another couple million years and then maybe Yeah.

但与五大湖不同，贝加尔湖不太可能被填满或干涸，因为它位于一个持续扩张的断层带上。

But unlike the Great Lakes are more likely to fill in or to drain because they're not on a rift where it's like continually opening.

所以没错，我们在‘灵异湖泊月’特别喜欢贝加尔湖，虽然它不像苏必利尔湖那样有沉船历史，而那些沉船正是赋予它厚重感和灵异氛围的关键。

So yeah, we love Lake Baikal on Spooky Lake Month, even though unlike Lake Superior, which has this history of ships, which makes it that's like what gives it a lot of oomph, a lot of like history and spooky power.

贝加尔湖没有太多这类历史，因为人们过去并不把它当作主要航道使用。

Lake Baikal doesn't have that type of history as much because people were not using it as transit.

不过在1904年冬天，他们确实修了一条横跨湖面的铁路。

They did build a train across it in the middle of the winter though in nineteen o four.

所以它还是有一点阴森的历史——比如那些巨大的火车车厢会突然裂开，掉进冰层下面。

So it still has a little bit of a morbid history on that front where like giant, you know, pieces of this train would crack and go through the ice.

另外，据说在贝加尔湖的冰面上滑行时，如果冰面裂开，就是这个声音。

Also, this is apparently what it sounds like just if you skate over the ice in Lake Bacal and it cracks.

吓人到极点。

Terrifying.

确实如此。

Absolutely.

在1904年日俄战争期间，一列载着士兵的俄国火车坠穿了湖面冰层，电报报道称，许多士兵跳窗逃生，试图游过刺骨的湖水，伤亡人数至今不明。

And during the war between Japan and Russia in nineteen o four, a Russian train carrying soldiers crashed through the ice of the lake, and reports via telegraph said that there were an unknown number of casualties as troops jumped out of windows trying to swim through the icy waters to safety.

这太吓人了。

Shiver me timbers.

不过，那又是另一个故事了。

But, yeah, that's a whole another story.

所以我们还是特别喜欢贝加尔湖。

So, yeah, we love Lake Baikal.

它真的很有灵异氛围。

It's very spooky.

你刚才提到了五大湖。

Well, you did mention Great Lakes.

凯瑟琳·克劳福德、莫莉、丹尼·柯比、Clouds、Bugs 和 Shrooms 都想知道，Clouds 问：为什么五大湖，尤其是苏必利尔湖和密歇根湖，会有这么多沉船？

Catherine Crawford, Molly, Danny Kirby, Clouds, Bugs, and Shrooms wanted to know Clouds asked, why are there so many shipwrecks in the Great Lakes, especially Superior and Michigan?

我是个徒步向导，每次带团都忍不住听说新的沉船故事，真不知道为什么。

I'm a backpacking guide out here, and I always wonder why almost every trip involves learning about a new shipwreck.

所以五大湖

So the Great Lakes

一个多世纪以来一直是航运重地。

have been a shipping behemoth for over a century.

我们建了韦兰运河，连接安大略湖和伊利湖，让来自世界各地的船只都能通行。

We built the Welland Canal, which connects Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, And that kind of like let all these ships in from around the world.

五大湖里大约有上万艘沉船。

So there's some 10,000 shipwrecks in the Great Lakes.

但苏必利尔湖的名声最吓人，这背后其实有个有趣的科学原因。

But Lake Superior, I think, has the deadliest reputation because this is kind of an interesting science reason.

苏必利尔湖在十一月常遭遇猛烈风暴，因为入冬前湖水还很暖，当美国境内的风暴系统经过时，会被湖面蒸发的水汽助长，变得异常凶猛。

So Superior gets this November gale because the water is warm leading into November, and you get a storm system that kind of comes across The United States, and it picks up speed with that hot water kind of releasing, like evaporating into and making the storm even more insane.

所以五大湖里，苏必利尔湖的风暴最疯狂。

So Lake Superior gets like the craziest storms of the bunch of them.

湖面上的浪高能达到将近十米。

And there's like up to 30 foot waves on the lake.

和海洋不一样，海洋里的大浪虽然也大，但都是间隔很远的一波一波来的。

And unlike in the ocean where you have a giant wave, but it's like a giant wave that like comes in these like widespread apart sets.

但五大湖的浪完全不同，它们完全由风形成，跟潮汐没关系。

But the Great Lakes waves are different because they're only created from wind, not from any tide.

所以这些浪彼此靠得特别近。

And so as a result, the waves are super close together.

简直密不透风。

So they're really tight.

在暴风雪来袭时，湖面上的浪会狠狠拍打船只，船根本扛不住。

And so you just can be, like, absolutely buffeted by these waves in Lake Superior during a storm, and then your ship just can't handle it.

在海里，船还能撑得住。

Like, it can handle it in the ocean.

但在五大湖这儿，船就撑不住了。

It can't handle it here in the Great Lakes.

所以这是完全不一样的航行体验。

So it's just a different type of shipping experience.

海水也会结冰。

And the water can freeze in the ocean.

因为海水含盐，船体上不会结冰。

Like, you're not gonna get frozen ice on the boat because of the salt.

但在五大湖，船身会完全被冰挂覆盖。

Great Lakes, your boat is completely covered in icicles.

有时候甚至会形成巨大的冰柱。

Could be just a giant icicle as a result.

正因如此，苏必利尔湖才如此独特——它实在太冷了，可人们依然在冬季持续航行。

And so that's kind of what makes Lake Superior just so different and special because it's so cold and people are shipping there like all the way into the winter.

就像我之前跟你们说的，那句老话——它从不放过它的亡者。

And like I told you guys about, you know, you get she never gives up her dead.

所以，沉船都静静地躺在湖底。

So people are like down at the bottom.

如果你对湖底或海底的遗迹感兴趣，一定不要错过我们与谢娜·扎法罗普洛斯关于海洋考古的那期节目。

And again, if you like things at the bottom of lakes or the sea, you will love our Maritime Archaeology episode with Chanel Zafaropoulos.

我们聊到了埃德蒙·费茨杰拉德号的沉船事件，我想放一段来自尚娜那期海洋考古节目的片段，给大家补充点背景。

We chatted about the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, and I'd just like to include a clip from that Maritime Archaeology episode with Chanel to give us some backstory here.

很多人问起我爸爸最爱的那首歌，还有梅根·斯廷格尔、格温·齐默曼、凡妮莎·弗莱、火腿鞋，还有艾米莉·斯坦尼斯洛夫斯基，我猜你们说的应该就是我爸爸，拉里·沃德先生。

We got a lot of questions about my dad's favorite song, Megan Stingle, Gwen Zimmer, Vanessa Fry, bologna shoes, and Emily Stanislowski, and also, I'm gonna guess my dad, mister Larry Ward.

你研究沉船之后，是不是总有人一见面就问起埃德蒙·费茨杰拉德号？因为那首歌实在太出名了。

Wanna know, does everyone ask you about the Edmund Fitzgerald after finding that you study shipwrecks because the song has already stuck?

在我心里，格温特别想知道，这歌是不是你最喜欢的？

In in my head, Gwen wants to know, is it your favorite song?

开饭时间到了，老厨师走上甲板说：伙计们，浪太大了，没法给你们开饭。

When suppertime came, the old cook came on deck saying, fellas, it's too rough to feed you.

晚上七点，我的主货舱盖塌了。

At 7PM, my main hatchway gave in.

他说：伙计们，认识你们真好。

He said, fellas, it's been good to know you.

所以，你到底听过多少遍了？

So, yes, is how many times have you heard it?

好多次了。

Many times.

是的。

Yes.

我特别喜欢戈登·莱特福特。

I love Gordon Lightfoot.

我觉得这很好地展现了海洋文化的多样性，因为音乐在其中占了很大一部分。

I think it's a great example of how broad maritime culture is because, like, music is a huge part of it.

你看那些海员号子之类的，其实本质上就是一首海员号子。

When you look at sea shanties and whatnot, it's basically a sea shanty.

这简直就像一首献给船的恋歌。

It's like a love song to a ship.

戈登·莱特福特是加拿大民谣界的传奇人物，他是在1975年看到《新闻周刊》背面一篇关于埃德蒙德·费兹杰拉德号沉没的简短报道后写下了这首歌，那场沉船发生在十一月的风暴中。

So Gordon Lightfoot is a Canadian folk song hero, and he wrote this in 1975 after seeing just a little blurb in the back of a Newsweek magazine about the Edmund Fitzgerald, which sunk in a November storm.

莱特福特后来回忆说，那篇文章把‘Edmund’拼错了，他感到非常难过，因为29条船员的生命，竟然只被当作新闻里一个微不足道的注脚。

And Lightfoot recalled that they spelled Edmund wrong in the article, and he was just so sad that 29 lives, all crew members were lost, could amount to just a little afterthought in the news.

所以他第二周就写下了这首歌，从此全世界都记住了她。

So he wrote that ditty the next week, and the world has remembered her ever since.

船上的遇难者至今仍与残骸一同沉睡在苏必利尔湖冰冷的水域中，据说这片湖从不归还它的亡者。

And the ship's victims remain with the wreck in the cold, cold, cold waters of Lake Superior who they say never gives up her dead.

水温太低了，遗体得以较好地保存，不会因腐烂而浮上水面。

It's cold enough that they stay pretty well preserved and wouldn't float up by decomposition.

但爱德蒙德·菲茨杰拉德号的船钟已被家属要求打捞上来，并在纪念活动中敲响，其中一些活动戈登·莱特富特也亲自出席了。

But the bell of the Edmund Fitzgerald has been retrieved at the behest of family members and has been rung in memorials, some of which Gordon Lightfoot has attended.

他还为西北密歇根学院设立了奖学金，那里曾有两名船员是学员。

And he also set up a scholarship fund at Northwestern Michigan College where two crewmen were cadets.

是的，大波德沃德。

So, yes, Grand Pod Ward.

他对海事歌曲的品味真不错。

He has good Seasong taste.

而且这船根本不是什么古代的船只。

And it's like, it's not even a ship from, like, antiquity.

就是说，一艘大湖上的货轮，大概是哪一年的？

It's like, you know, a freighter from the Great Lakes from, like, what was it?

1875年左右吧，类似那个时候。

1875 or, like, something like that.

其实挺近的，我就喜欢这一点。

It's, like, it's recent, and I love that.

我特别喜欢，居然有人被它深深打动，写出了这么一首神曲。

I love that it inspired somebody so much to create this, like, absolute jam.

确实如此。

It is.

太棒了。

Super cool.

真是首神曲。

What a bop.

这可是来自航海史上的神曲。

It's a bop of of maritime antiquity.

是的

Yes.

太棒了

It's fantastic.

对

Yeah.

我特别喜欢任何类型的海员号子，或者只要是关于海洋的歌，都特别棒

I love any sort of sea shanties, though, or just, like, any song about the sea is fantastic.

这真让我想举起一杯朗姆酒什么的

It really makes me wanna raise a mug of rum or something.

刚才那段来自海洋考古学那一集，讲的是沉船，嘉宾是香奈儿·扎普，她在网络上的昵称是‘鲨鱼与沉船’

Again, that was from the Maritime Archaeology episode about shipwrecks with Chanel Zapp, who is known online by the handle sharks and wrecks.

简直太精彩了

Absolute delight.

好的

Okay.

我们回到Geo的话题。

Back to Geo.

你车上贴那种‘别按喇叭’的贴纸吗？

Do you have one of those bumper stickers that's like, don't honk at me.

我听到埃德蒙德·菲茨杰拉德号的沉没就忍不住想哭。

I'm crying to the wreck of the Edmund

菲茨杰拉德？

Fitzgerald?

对。

Yes.

没错。

Yes.

我多贴了一个，艾莉。

I have I have an extra one, Ally.

你想让我寄给谁？

You want me to send it to?