本集简介
双语字幕
仅展示文本字幕，不包含中文音频；想边听边看，请使用 Bayt 播客 App。
啪。
Pop.
啪。
Pop.
啪。
Pop.
这是爆米花爆开的声音，预示着一个重磅消息：《Radiolab》将登上翠贝卡电影节的播客舞台，在纽约举办一场特别的现场演出。
That is the sound of popcorn popping to announce the big news that Radiolab is headed to the Tribeca Festival podcast stage for a special live show in New York City.
在这届电影节二十五周年之际，我们将以这场仅此一晚的现场演出作为播客单元的压轴节目。
We will be headlining the podcast program with this one night only live show at the festival's twenty fifth anniversary.
6月9日晚上6点，别错过这场让人浑身起鸡皮疙瘩的精彩演出。
Come on out on June 9 at 6PM for a show that will literally give you chills.
现在就可以去 tribekkafilm.com/audio 购票。
Tickets are available now at tribekkafilm.com/audio.
网址是 tribekkafilm.com/audio。
That's tribekkafilm.com/audio.
哦，等一下。
Oh, wait.
你在听呢。
You're listening.
好。
K.
行了。
Alright.
好。
K.
行了。
Alright.
你正在听的是。
You are listening Listening.
Radiolab。
To Radiolab.
《Radiolab》
Radiolab.
来自WNYC
From WNY's
第六期。
The six.
对。
Yep.
好的。
Okay.
好的。
Okay.
好的。
Okay.
这是《Radiolab》。
This is Radio Lab.
我是莱勒·米勒。
I'm Leileh Miller.
我今天和瓦兰特制作团队的马特·基尔蒂和安妮·麦克尤恩在一起。
I am here with Valiant producers, Matt Kielty and Annie McEwen.
你好。
Hello.
你好。
Hello.
嗨。
Hi.
好的。
Alright.
明白。
Okay.
我们为什么在这儿？
Why are we here?
我们这是在做什么？
What are we doing?
对。
Okay.
所以今天我们要做的是
So today, what we're doing is
就是这个。
this.
就是眼前这个东西。
This thing right here.
没错。
That's right.
这个。
This.
在这儿。
Here.
什么？
What?
就在我们鼻子底下、嘴巴这儿的东西，能发出一种像千层饼一样层层叠加的信号，传递着关于他人财富、收入和教育水平的信息，同时也在传达各种情绪——敌意、爱意、欲望、愤怒、嫉妒，这些全都是通过呼吸和发音完成的、精密协调的复杂动作，让空气以奇妙的方式振动。
Well, this thing right under our noses where our mouths are, that emits this signal that is layered like lasagna that is carrying information that is making us judge people's wealth and income and education level, but it's also conveying all this emotional information, hostility, love, lust, anger, jealousy, all these physical operations, this respiratory, articulatory feat of symphonic timed movements that we use to make the air vibrate in interesting ways.
是声音。
It's the voice.
我们正在做的就是这个。
That's what we're doing.
声音。
The voice.
没错。
That's right.
在音频艺术里，我们经常用到这个。
That is a thing we use a fair amount here in the audio art.
当然。
Sure.
那我就继续用千层面这个比喻了。
And so I'm just gonna stick with the layer of lasagna analogy.
但今天，我们要为你揭开这个重要事物——声音的三个层面。
But today, we are bringing you three different layers of this thing, this important thing, the voice.
第一个。
One
声音的来源。
Where it comes from.
第二个。
Two.
它对你的影响力。
The power it holds over you.
第三个。
And three.
它能赋予你的力量。
The power it can give you.
所以，它从哪儿来呢？
So where it comes from.
哦，我得把这戴上。
Oh, I should put these on.
其实，这个故事是从天上来的。
It's actually a story that came to us from the sky.
哦，音量调低了。
Oh, that's turned down.
我们来看看。
Let's see.
我把耳机音量调大一点。
Let me turn the headphones up.
约翰。
John.
等等。
Wait.
等等。
Wait.
等等。
Wait.
你得先做个自我介绍。
You need to introduce yourself.
哦，对。
Oh, yeah.
我叫约翰·科拉平托。
My name is John Collapinto.
我曾经长期担任《滚石》杂志的特约编辑，也长期在《纽约客》担任专职撰稿人。
I was a longtime contributing editor at Rolling Stone, longtime staff writer at The New Yorker.
几年前，约翰写过一本关于《声入人心》的书。
And a few years back, John wrote this book about The Voice.
没错。
I did.
这本书叫《这就是声音》。
It's called This Is The Voice.
写得真不错。
Great book.
这书名也太抓人了。
What a title too.
是不是特别吸引人？
Isn't that grabby?
这正好引出了我们这一集的主题，因为书里有一章讲的是
Which kind of set us off in this whole episode because in it is this really gripping chapter about
最最
The very, very
开头。
beginning.
声音的最最开始。
The very, very beginning of voice.
最早出现在某种鱼类身上。
Which emerges first with a particular species of fish.
你说鱼类？你开玩笑吧。
And you say fish, you gotta be kidding.
不，我没开玩笑。
But no, I'm not.
你肯定在逗我。
You gotta be kidding.
你肯定在开玩笑。
You gotta be gotta be kidding.
别说了，停下。
Get out of Stop
停。
it.
就只是
Just
逗你玩呢，约翰。
pulling your leg, John.
大约四亿年前。
About four hundred million years ago
在人类出现之前，在哺乳动物出现之前，在恐龙出现之前。
Before there were humans, before there were mammals, before there were dinosaurs.
那是鱼类的时代。
It was the age of Fishes.
鱼类的时代。
The age of fishes.
谁起的名字？
Who named that?
是达尔文四岁的孩子吗？
Darwin's four year old?
那时候鱼特别多。
There were a lot of fish.
有很多不同的种类，而这种鱼主要生活在沼泽地带。
A lot of different species, and the particular one was living in sort of swampy areas.
那些地方水并不多。
These areas where there wasn't a lot of water.
水很浅。
It's pretty shallow.
这些可怜的鱼突然遭遇了干旱。
And they found themselves, these poor fish, in periods of drought.
一下子就来了。
Suddenly.
完全被陆地包围了。
Completely landlocked.
没救了。
Doomed.
它们只能在水里呼吸。
They only can breathe underwater.
它们没有从空气中获取氧气的能力。
They don't have a means for extracting oxygen from the air.
所以这些鱼……
And so these fish
它们会拼命跳动。
They would flop.
它们会张嘴喘气。
They would gasp.
它们会死去。
They would die.
我简直能想象出一条鱼，就像……
I'm just picturing to see a fish, like
是啊。
Yes.
看着它们窒息而死，实在太惨了，这正是它们正在经历的。
It's horrible to witness them suffocate to death, which is literally what's happening to them.
但正如达尔文指出的，所有物种都是通过随机的基因突变演化而来的。
But, and, and as Darwin pointed out, you know, all species evolve from random genetic mutations.
说实话，要理解这一切的随机性真的很难，但事实就是如此。
And I mean, it's so hard to wrap your mind around the randomness of it all, but that's the way it was.
所以，有一条鱼。
So you've got a fish.
有一天
Who one day
它发生了一次随机突变。
Has a random mutation.
在喉咙里长出了一个小囊。
That creates this little pouch in its throat.
于是，当下次干旱来临时，这条鱼就能张开嘴
So what happens is the next time there's a drought, this fish can open its mouth
吸入空气。
Suck in the air.
那股空气会顺着喉咙进入那个洞、那个囊里。
And that air goes down its throat into this hole, into this pouch.
这能让氧气真正穿过囊壁进入鱼的血液，让它活下来。
That would literally permit oxygen to pass through it into the bloodstream of the fish and keep it alive.
太神奇了。
Wow.
是的。
Yeah.
这其实就是我们所说的第一个肺。
It's what we've come to think of as the first lung.
你能不能稍微
Why don't you give a little
称它为宇宙中的第一个肺。
the universe's first lung.
不过，既然这条鱼大部分时间还是更喜欢待在水里。
Well, because it seems like you have a fish that mostly prefers to be in the water.
对吧？
Right?
百分之百。
A 100%.
但现在它的喉咙里有个洞，通向一个囊状结构。
But now it has this hole in his throat that leads to this sac.
没错。
Yep.
就像是洞洞好坏坏洞洞。
It's like hole hole good bad bad hole.
你明白了。
You got it.
你确实明白了。
You have got it.
因为
Because
谢谢。
Thank you.
当这个可怜的生物回到水里时，它现在有溺水的危险。
When this poor creature goes back into the water, it's now in danger of drowning.
对。
Right.
因为，如果那个袋子
Because, like, if the pouch
灌满了水，你就没命了。
fills with water, you're dead.
没错。
Exactly.
所以那个洞其实像一条裂缝，一个能开合的嘴巴。
So that hole, it's really like a slit, a mouth, that it can open and close.
哦，就像一个小
Oh, like a little
小小的嘴巴。
tiny mouth.
对，是的。
It op yeah.
就像个小嘴巴，张开的时候把氧气吸进去。
Like a little mouth, and it opens to pull the oxygen in.
然后闭上，把水挡在外面。
And then closes to keep the water
外面。
out.
没错。
Exactly.
好的。
Okay.
这点非常关键。
Now that's critically important.
再说一次，真正让我决定要写这本书的，就是那个裂缝、那个瓣膜——它后来演变成了我们的声带，而我们的声带本质上仍然是一个阀门。
And again, the thing that just made me go, oh, I gotta write this book was that slit, that valve, that became our vocal cords and our vocal cords remain a valve.
我是说，我以前根本不知道这一点，因为我们管它叫声带。
I mean, I I never knew this because we call them vocal cords.
我们总以为它像小提琴或钢琴的琴弦，一拨就振动发声。
We think of them as being like strings, like on a violin or piano strings that are struck and vibrate to create sound.
但其实这根本不是我们发声的方式。
That's not how we make our voices.
我们说话时的声音，根本不是这么产生的。
That's not how we produce sound with our voices.
约翰解释过，所谓的嗓音，本质上就是
John explained that literally all that a voice is
当我音调上升的时候。
When I go up.
你闭合那个阀门，然后把肺里的空气往外推。
Is you are closing that valve, and you're pushing the air from your lungs
气流从这个关闭的阀门中通过。
Up through this closed valve.
阀门开始振动，声音就出来了。
The valve starts to vibrate and you get A voice.
等等。
So wait.
好吧。
Okay.
如果我们是靠气流通过阀门来说话，而几亿年前的鱼也有类似的阀门。
If we're pushing air through a valve to talk and this fish hundreds of millions of years ago had a maybe similar valve.
对。
Mhmm.
那是不是意味着它也能发出声音？
Does that mean it had a voice?
关键就在这儿，露露。
Well, that's the thing, Lulu.
确实有。
It did.
对。
Yeah.
尽管那种具体的鱼早已灭绝，我们还是能给你还原出它声音的大致样子，
Even though that exact fish has long since been extinct, we can give you an approximation of what it sounded like,
就是下面这个声音。
which is the following.
哎呀。
Uh-oh.
是的。
Mhmm.
出乎意料地平淡。
Shockingly underwhelming.
是的。
Yeah.
嗯，这事儿真不好办。
Well, I it's hard to do.
这东西是
It's a
哦，像马吗？
Oh, like a horse?
我可不干这事儿。
I'm not doing it.
嗯，是啊。
Well, yes.
就跟马一样。
Like a horse.
你看安妮做得多到位。
There you Annie's doing it so well there.
谢谢。
Thank you.
那我呢？
What about me?
我可没弄乱。
No mess.
我敢肯定你做得很好。
That I'm sure you did
也做得不错。
it well too.
我一直在听Annie的演示。
Was listening to Annie.
所以会发出各种声音，像是空气从狭窄的缝隙中挤出来一样，人体的另一个部位也会产生类似的声音。
So, it would make various sounds that sound like air being driven through a tight aperture, which also happens in another part of the human body.
我正想说呢，约翰，咱们这不就是在说放屁嘛。
I was gonna say it sounds like we're talking farts here, John.
我说的就是放屁的声音。
I'm talking about a fart sound.
这正是我想说的，因为我们的肛门就是这样的。
That's exactly what I'm talking about because that's exactly what our, our anus is.
它也是一种括约肌，就是我之前提到的那个能开合的阀门，其实是个括约肌。
It's also a sphincter because that valve that I mentioned that open pull, it's actually a sphincter muscle.
所以地球上最早听到的声音，听起来特别像放屁。
So the first sounds heard on earth were very fart like.
我的意思是，没错。
I mean Yes.
说白了，就是这样。
You know, bottom line.
这挺有意思的。
It's great.
我没想开玩笑。
No pun intended.
跟你在一起，这事也躲不掉。
Can't escape it with you too.
没错。
That's right.
随时随地都在放屁。
All farts all the time.
是的。
Yeah.
不过可惜的是，露露不会永远都放屁，因为那条鱼后来爬出了水
Anyway, Lulu is not gonna be farts forever, unfortunately, because that fish, it crawled out of the
里。
water.
进化继续向前发展。
Evolution kept going.
过程拖得挺久。
Kept taking long.
随着时间推移，这条鱼的鳍开始啪啪啪啪地变化。
And over time, this fish, its fins Pop pop pop pop.
脚趾头慢慢长出来了，四肢也形成了。
Pop, evolved in little feet, little limbs.
突然间，就出现了一个有四条腿、能活动的生物。
And suddenly, you've got a mobile creature with four legs
生活在陆地上。
Living on land.
到处跑来跑去。
Scurrying around.
因为它现在在陆地上呼吸空气，肺就开始发生变化。
And because it's now on land, breathing air, its lung starts to evolve.
原本一个肺，变成了两个。
And that one lung becomes two.
一对肺，能吸入更多空气。
Two paired lungs, so more air.
后来，肺周围长出了一个新的结构，叫肋骨，能帮助肺扩张和收缩。
And then the lungs are surrounded by this new thing called a rib cage, which can expand and contract the lungs.
它们突然可以通过那个阀门把肺里的空气挤出来。
They can suddenly squeeze the air out of their lungs through that valve.
所以到了像爬行动物这样的阶段，
And so by the time you get to reptiles like
暴风雪。
Blizzards.
或者
Or
鳄鱼。
Crocodiles.
短吻鳄。
Alligators.
它们不仅能放屁，还能发出吱吱声
They are able to make not just farts, but also squeaks
还有尖叫声。
And squawks.
还有嘶嘶声。
And hisses.
还有低吼声。
And rumbles.
声音变得越来越有控制力了。
The voice is becoming more controlled.
更加精细了。
Refined.
但是
But
约翰指出，这些动物大多数其实都很安静。
John points out most of these animals are actually quite quiet.
非常安静。
Incredibly quiet.
爬行动物根本没多少声音。
Like, reptiles just don't make that much noise.
哦，而且人们普遍认为，恐龙作为巨大的爬行动物，其实也相当安静。
Oh, and and they it's believed that, dinosaurs, which are huge overgrown reptiles, were also pretty silent.
所以那些斯皮尔伯格电影里，霸王龙发出震撼咆哮的场景。
So those those Spielberg movies where you've got Tyrannosaurus rex doing those amazing roars.
太惊人了。
Incredible.
现在大家觉得，它们其实挺温顺的。
It's believed now that though they were actually kind of wusses.
我的意思是，它们真的
I mean, they were really
别想象电影里那种霸王龙吼叫着扑过来把人吞掉的样子。
not imagine the movie is just like a T Rex being like, and then devouring people.
但约翰说，问题就在这儿。
But John says that's the thing.
如果你只靠胸腔来发声
Like, if you're only using your rib cage to make sounds
你所能推动的空气就那么多，确实如此。
There's only so much air that you're like, pushing Exactly.
没错。
Exactly.
所以那时候，世界相对安静得多。
So what you have back then is just this relative silence.
这是一个安静的世界。
It's a quiet world.
但这一切都变了。
But that all changes.
当休·盖瑟里特降临的时候——
When Hugh Gesserit hits the
地球几乎一切生命都灭绝了。
earth Almost everything dies.
但是
But
从地下爬出来的，是最早的哺乳动物。
crawling up from underground were the earliest mammals.
它们体型非常小。
They were tiny.
就像小老鼠一样。
They were like little mice.
其中一些一生大部分时间都在树上攀爬。
Some of which had spent most of their lives Climbing up trees.
躲避着恐龙的追捕。
Running from dinosaurs.
拼命消耗着氧气。
Burning up
以惊人的速度消耗着氧气。
oxygen at an incredible rate.
因此，它们进化出了一块非常强大的肌肉——膈肌，位于肺部下方，帮助它们快速吸气和呼气。
And so they had evolved this really powerful muscle called the diaphragm that sits below the lungs that allowed them to take in air and push it out
又快又有力。
Rapidly and powerfully.
这简直彻底改变了局面。
This would kind of change everything.
尽管当时这些小哺乳动物只会发出微弱的吱吱声，但随着时间推移，它们逐渐演化成体型更大、肺部更发达、横膈膜更强壮的动物，发出的声音也就越来越响亮，气息也越来越充沛。
Because even though you had these tiny little itty bitty mammals that had their tiny squeaks, over time, as they evolved into bigger mammals with bigger lungs and bigger, more powerful diaphragms, you'd get bigger sounds, more air.
约翰说，与此同时，喉咙里那个缝隙状的阀门也在发生变化。
And John says at the same time, that valve, that slit in the throat All
突然间，它开始变得更加精细。
of a sudden, it's being refined.
上面慢慢长出了软骨，还出现了褶皱。
Little bits of cartilage appear on it, and so do these folds.
这些软骨通过复杂的扭曲和来回运动，能拉伸声带，发出更高的音调。
Which now enable, through a complex like twisting and moving back and forth of those cartilages, you can stretch the vocal folds to create a higher pitched sound.
也可以放松、松弛声带，发出更低的声音。
You can loosen and slacken it for lower sounds.
你还可以收紧声带，发出低沉的咆哮声。
You can actually tense it for growling sounds.
你可以让声带变得僵硬，让气流突然冲过声带，发出爆裂的声响。
You can sort of make the vocal cords stiff for this popping air through the vocal folds.
约翰说，所有这些都意味着声音正逐渐变成一种工具。
John says all of this means that the voice is becoming more and more of a tool.
用于推动演化的各种需求。
For those things that drive evolution.
比如宣示主导地位。
Like asserting dominance.
驱赶竞争对手。
Fighting off rivals.
表达亲昵。
Showing affection.
吸引伴侣。
Wooing mates.
声音开始传达基本的情绪。
The voice starts communicating basic emotions.
另一点是，哺乳动物
And the other thing is that mammals
它们的幼崽通过乳腺获取营养。
The way that their young feed is on Mammary glands.
也就是乳房。
A breast.
这是哺乳动物才有的特征。
That's new with mammals.
用嘴唇贴住乳头，再通过特定的节奏性唇部动作吸出乳汁，同时还要协调舌头巧妙避开，让乳汁顺利流入，再用复杂的舌部波浪动作推动乳汁进入胃部——这套由面部、喉咙和舌头肌肉组成的系统非常精妙。
So the action of affixing lips to a nipple and then coaxing milk from that nipple with very specific rhythmic lip movements, but then also coordinating the tongue to sort of get out of the way to let the milk come in, but then rippling the tongue in complex ways in order to make the milk pass down into our stomach is an amazing system of muscles in the mammalian face and throat and tongue.
所以
And so
如果你是一种大脑发达的动物，约翰说，你就能开始做一些比如
if you're an animal with a big complex brain, John says you can start doing things like
用舌头轻击后牙发出‘t’和‘duh’的音，弹动嘴唇发出‘puh’，或者闭紧嘴唇来
Hitting the tongue against the back of the teeth for t and duh, popping the lips for puh, or holding them closed for
或者你可以开始发出元音。
Or you can start making vowel sounds.
这完全取决于舌头的姿态和形状。
It's literally the posture and shape of the tongue.
这个过程已经延续了四亿多年。
It's over four hundred million years.
从横膈膜到肺部，再到那个瓣膜。
From diaphragm to lungs To that valve.
那个可以开合的缝隙，配合着
That opening, closable slit With
它所有的细微褶皱。
all its little folds.
再到面部肌肉等等。
To facial muscles and so on.
从你的肠胃到舌尖，整个这套系统。
This whole system from your gut to the tip of your tongue.
最终都被我们用来完成我现在正在做的这件事。
That we would eventually recruit for the act that I'm now performing.
这些如同交响乐般的
These symphonic
发声动作。
time movements to speak.
这正是我所热爱的。
And that's what I love.
四亿年的进化，塑造了你身体里这些部位，让你最终能超越自己的肉体。
Four hundred million years of evolution to all these parts of your body that eventually allow you to escape your own body.
你能在世界上保护自己。
You can protect yourself out in the world.
你能表达思想、想法、感受和情绪，而这一切都独一无二地属于你，属于你的身体。
You can convey thoughts, ideas, feelings, emotions, and all of it is distinct to you, to your physical body.
你的声音就是你本人。
Like, your voice is you.
对。
Yeah.
你声音的独特印记。
Your sonic fingerprint.
没错。
Yeah.
就像一张脸一样。
Like a sort of face.
一张脸从你嘴里冒出来。
A face shooting out of your mouth.
红扑扑的脸颊在风中飞舞。
Little rosy cheeks flying in the wind.
哎。
Wee.
哎呀。
Wee.
早上好。
Good morning.
我状态不对劲。
I'm not right.
但我一直在出汗。
But I'm sweating.
那可不会来跟你说。
That won't try and tell you.
从一条鱼，我们居然能飞到月球。
From a fish We choose to go to the moon.
一路走来，真的谢谢。
All the way Thank
非常感谢你，兄弟。
you so much, man.
继续。
And on.
到
To
这个。
this.
爸爸。
Baba.
我就在里面。
I'm in there.
声音只是
The voice is just
我也想让这个出名，因为
I wanna make that famous too because
到处都是。
It's everywhere.
展开剩余字幕（还有 480 条）
就像，只要和别人住在一起，从一睁眼就能听到。
Like, we hear it from the second we wake up, if you live with anyone.
就算一个人住，你也知道，周围的一切都在跟你说话。
And even if you don't, you know, they're everything's talking to us.
我们早就习惯了生活中无时无刻不被各种声音包围着。
And we just get so acclimated and adjusted to kind of a a constant onslaught of voices in our life
以至于你都忘了这些声音其实是有意义的。
That you can sort of forget that they're meaningful.
也忘了它们为什么重要。
And why they're important.
明白了。
Okay.
回来之后，你刚才听到的这个声音，会带我们去认识一个非常重要、你很可能对它有强烈感受的声音，马上就来。
When we come back, this voice that you just heard is going to take us on a little journey to a very important voice that you probably have some feelings about in just a minute.
在本周的《媒体纵横》节目中，我采访了一位原本支持MAGA、最后却为联邦紧急事务管理署辩护的人。
On this week's On the Media, I spoke to the MAGA warrior who ended up defending the Federal Emergency Management Agency against the administration's assault.
他狠狠责备我，说媒体曝光了这个故事，还炒作一个他们觉得太敏感、不适合公开讨论的话题。
He proceeded to berate me over the fact that the media got ahold of a story and was running a topic that they felt was too sensitive and not fit for public domain.
那个话题是废除联邦紧急事务管理署。
The topic was abolishing FEMA.
没错。
Correct.
这个内容你绝对不能错过。
You don't want to miss this one.
记得收听WNYC的《On the Media》。
Tune in to On the Media from WNYC.
你可以在任何播客平台找到《On the Media》。
Find On the Media wherever you get your podcasts.
Radio Lab，Lulu，Matt。
Radio Lab, Lulu, Matt.
Annie。
Annie.
好的。
Okay.
休息完了，回来啦。
Back from break.
刚歇了会儿。
Took a little break.
休息了一下。
Took a break.
现在我们回来了。
Now we're back.
接下来继续聊《向前看》这个话题。
And we're continuing on with Moving on.
聊聊声音。
With voice.
还有第二点，它对你的掌控力。
And number two, the power it holds over you.
是的。
Yes.
我们先从这位开始。
Which we'll start with this guy.
丹尼尔·阿布拉姆斯，斯坦福大学的临床副教授。
Daniel Abrams, clinical associate professor here at Stanford University.
他研究大脑。
Where he studies the brain.
对。
Yep.
好的。
K.
但他的职业路径还挺特别的。
But he kind of has, like, a weird career trajectory.
是的。
Yes.
大学毕业时，我是一名声学工程师。
Out of college, I was what's called an acoustical engineer.
就是那种一盖楼就参与的人。
One of those people that, like, when you build a building
整天围着建筑图纸转，研究楼里的暖通空调系统。
Sit around and stare at drawings of buildings and, you know, the HVAC components of the building.
你得算点数学，确保空调在楼里某些地方不会太吵。
You basically do some math to make sure that the air conditioning is not not, like, just too loud in parts of the building.
是的。
Yep.
这还满足不了你？
And that wasn't enough for you?
不够。
No.
还不够。
No.
听起来这工作特别酷。
It sounds super sexy work.
但他总觉得哪里不对劲。
Something about it didn't click for him.
我意识到自己根本不适合当工程师。
I realized I wasn't cut out to be an engineer.
但他确实花了很多时间琢磨声音。
But he did, like, spend a lot of time thinking about sound.
不只是随便什么声音，而是那些对我们人类特别重要的声音。
And not just kind of any old sound, but the sounds that are that are really important to us as human beings.
尤其是，大脑是怎么理解耳朵听到的声音的？
And in particular, how does the brain make sense of the sounds that our ears detect?
比如哪些声音？
Sounds such as?
人声。
A voice.
尤其是那种特别的声音。
And in particular A very special voice.
妈妈的声音。
Mom's voice.
母亲的声音。
Mother's voice.
明白了。
Okay.
听起来有点让人不舒服。
That sounds icky.
这确实是个很有分量的词。
Well, it's certainly a loaded term.
对吧？
Right?
但丹尼尔的意思是，母亲的声音往往是人生中最早听到的声音之一。
But Daniel is basically like, a mother's voice is one of the first voices that you hear in your life.
研究显示，孩子还没出生就能认出妈妈的声音。
And studies have shown that children are actually able to recognize their mother's voice before they're even born.
大概在怀孕十八周左右，胎儿的耳朵就开始从头部两侧冒出来了。
So, like, in the womb, right around eighteen weeks, ears poke out of the side of the head of a fetus.
嗯，是这样。
And Okay.
研究人员做过实验，发现当胎儿听到肚子里那个人的声音时，心率会明显加快。
So we could Researchers have done studies showing that when the fetus hears the voice of the person who's carrying it, its heart rate starts going way faster.
由此可以推断，胎儿其实能分辨出所谓的妈妈的声音和其他声音。
And it's kind of inferred that the fetus can recognize what we're calling mother's voice other voices.
那心跳声又是怎么回事？
And and What is the beating heart?
不好意思。
Sorry.
你继续说。
Go ahead.
对不起。
I'm sorry.
我只是想不通，为什么心跳会加快呢？
I just why why would a heart beat faster?
我知道，我的意思是，大概是焦虑吧。
I you know, I mean, I guess Anxiety.
有道理。
Yeah.
确实如此。
Truly.
说实话，没人真正知道，毕竟那还是个胎儿。
The truth is that no one really knows because it's a fetus.
但丹尼尔很清楚，母亲的声音具有强大的影响力。
But it was clear to Daniel that this mother's voice was powerful.
所以丹尼尔想知道，这种强有力的声音，到底在孩子的大脑里起了什么作用？
And so what Daniel wanted to know is, okay, what is this powerful voice actually doing in, say, the brain of a kid?
这时候，丹尼尔在斯坦福大学。
So at this point, Daniel's at Stanford.
他和团队的做法是，找来这些孩子。
And basically, what he and his team do is they get these kids
孩子们的年龄在七到十二岁之间。
Kids at a range of ages between seven and 12.
然后让母亲带着孩子来到博物馆。
And then they had the mothers child comes up to them at a museum
孩子对母亲说：
And says
妈。
Mom.
那是什么？
What's that
那边那个奇怪的东西是什么？
weird thingy over there?
然后你会说
And you would say
我该把整句话都说出来吗？
Should I say the whole should I say that?
对。
Yeah.
我觉得就说‘对’就行。
I think just yeah.
把整句话说出来。
The whole phrase.
好的。
Okay.
吉米，不管孩子叫什么名字。
Jimmy, whatever your child's name is.
哦，那是个
Oh, that's a
基尔蒂。
Kielty.
因为他们不希望这个词像‘飞机’那样有特定含义。
Because they didn't want it to be something like airplane.
因为我们测量的就不只是声音本身了。
Because we would be measuring more than the voice.
我们可能会测量到和飞机相关的联想，而这种联想可能是负面的。
We would be measuring some association with an airplane, in this case, possibly a negative one.
但对其他孩子来说，他们可能特别喜欢飞机。
And maybe in other kids, they love airplanes.
所以他们
And so They
用了一些完全没有任何意义的词。
had these words that truly meant nothing.
然后又让其他妈妈们进来。
And then they had these other moms come in.
她们的孩子都不在那个小组里。
Who did not have kids in the group.
但她们都是妈妈。
But they were mothers.
不过她们确实是妈妈。
They were mothers, though.
哦。
Oh.
有种说不清道不明的妈妈气质。
Had this sort of je ne sais quoi mom.
是的。
Yeah.
对。
Yeah.
就是那种妈妈的气场。
Like mom vibe.
是的。
Yeah.
就是那种典型的妈妈气质。
Exactly mom vibes.
所以他们也让这些人录下了这些词语。
So they had them record the words as well.
然后丹尼尔和他的团队会带一个孩子进来，让他平躺在fMRI机器里，播放一段不是妈妈的声音——《屁股》。
And then Daniel and his team would bring in a kid, have them lie on their back inside of an fMRI machine, and they would play them The buttocks.
不是妈妈的声音，然后拍下大脑的图像，再播放另一个非妈妈的声音。
The voice of somebody who is not their mom, and then take a picture of their brain, play them another voice
继续拍摄。
Keep on shot.
不是妈妈的声音。
Of not mom.
再拍一张，然后哇。
Take a picture, then Woah.
还加了几声小猫喵喵叫，确保孩子们醒着并注意声音。
Threw a couple of kitty cat meows in there to make sure that they were awake and attending to sounds.
然后他们
And then they
就这样一直继续下去。
just keep going through this.
继续播放。
Keep show.
不是妈妈。
Not mom.
拍照。
Picture.
继续播放。
Keep on show.
不是妈妈。
Not mom.
图片。
Picture.
修改。
Amend.
继续播放。
Keep on show.
妈妈。
Mom.
等等。
Wait.
那是我妈妈吗？
Is that my mom?
真的是吗？
Is that actually?
在这儿。
Here.
我来放一下
I'll play it
再放一遍。
again.
继续放在我们的节目里。
Keep on our show.
那是我妈妈。
That's my mom.
确实是你的妈妈。
It is your mom.
这绝对是我的妈妈。
That's totally my mom.
你怎么会找到我妈妈的？
How did you get my mom?
听到你妈妈的事，怎么感觉这么奇怪。
Why did it feel to hear your mom whatever.
我们要不要去
Should we get
好吧。
to Yeah.
我们等等吧。
Let's wait.
我真不敢相信你居然找到了我妈妈。
I can't believe you got my mom.
好的。
Okay.
对不起。
Sorry.
我没事，我真的没事。
I'm still I'm still okay.
继续吧。
Keep going.
停下。
Stop.
停下。
Stop.
我们回头再谈这个。
We're gonna get back to that.
但先说说他们发现了什么。
But let's just get to what they found.
对。
Yeah.
告诉我们你们发现了什么。
Tell Tell us what you found.
我们发现，当孩子听到陌生人的声音时，
What we found was that When a kid
他们的大脑基本上是安静的。
heard the voice of a stranger, their brain was essentially quiet.
是的。
Yeah.
没错。
Exactly.
没什么活跃度。
Not a lot of activity.
但当他一哭，孩子的妈妈一开口，孩子大脑中这些区域
But then the moment he butchalced, the kid's mom spoke, all these regions in the kid's brain
都跟我们生活中各种奖励有关。
That are associated with all kinds of rewards in our life.
立刻就疯狂地活跃起来。
Would start firing like crazy.
如果你喜欢巧克力，我给你看一张巧克力的照片。
So if you love chocolate, I could show you a picture of chocolate.
你大脑里这些完全相同的区域就会立刻启动。
And these exact same regions in your brain would start going
当你听到你喜欢的音乐时
when you hear music that you love
神之锤在耳边轰鸣。
The hammer of the gods thundering in the ears.
没错。
Yes.
大脑的这个区域就会被激活。
This part of the brain becomes active.
或者
Or
当你吸毒的时候。
when you're doing drugs.
等等。
Wait.
说得对，露露。
That's right, Lulu.
烈性毒品。
Hardcore drugs.
或者当你在想性爱的时候。
Or when you're thinking about sex.
什么？
What?
你大脑中同样的区域会被激活。
Same parts of your brain are lighting up.
这就是你大脑里负责性、毒品和摇滚乐的区域。
It's the sex, drugs, and rock and roll part of your brain.
还有妈妈。
And mom.
妈妈。
Mom.
还有妈妈。
And mom.
而且而且
And And
然后她就说：嘿，各位。
then she's like, hey, guys.
她来了个劈叉。
She's got a split.
她就在音乐会上，直接趴在桌子上，当场表演起来。
She's just, like, at the concert, like, on the table, like, doing live.
是的。
Yeah.
她就跟你在一块儿。
She's right there with you.
等等。
Wait.
什么？
What?
我知道。
I know.
那
That
这太不可思议了。
is so wild.
但你知道，这其实说得通，因为人声本身就能带来满足感。
But, you know, it makes sense because voices are rewarding.
对吧？
You know?
那为什么呢？
Well, why?
其实我很好奇，为什么这会是理所当然的。
Actually, I'm I'm curious why that's a given.
我觉得原因在于，发育过程中，母亲的声音总是和
Well, the way I think about it is that during development, you know, mother's voice is paired with
一小块傻乎乎的面包。
Silly little bit of bread.
温柔的关爱。
Tender love and care.
傻瓜，他是我心爱的人。
Silly, it's my love friend.
傻瓜，心爱的人。
Silly, love friend.
营养、触碰、爱，所有这些父母般的关怀形式。
Nourishment, touch, love, all forms of kind of parental
照顾。
care.
母亲的声音就像巴甫洛夫的铃声。
Mother's voice is just Pavlov's bell.
我就是这么想的。
That's what I was thinking.
铃声响起。
Ringing bell.
这种说法听起来有点粗略。
It's kind of a coarse way of thinking about it.
但说实话，事情肯定远不止这么简单。
But, you know, there's probably far more to it than that, obviously.
不过，如果你想找一个科学解释，说明为什么声音会让人感到愉悦，这个关联已经算是相当稳妥了。
But if you're looking for a scientific explanation as to how a voice becomes rewarding, this seems like a fairly noncontroversial kind of connection there.
是的。
Yeah.
我能理解这一点。
I can I can see that?
就像这样，你想想那个小婴儿的大脑，完全迷失了，各种刺激乱飞。
It's like this you know, the picture of this little baby brain totally lost, all these things whizzing around.
它根本分不清蝴蝶和自己的脚。
It can't tell like a butterfly from its own foot.
然后就出现了一个没有身体的声音，孩子能抓住它来活下去。
And then there's this disembodied voice that it can, like, grab onto to survive.
是的。
Yeah.
这就像是你唯一能抓住的一根绳子。
It's almost like this little rope you can hang onto.
等等。
But wait.
我带你稍微绕个弯儿。
And I'll I'll take you down a little side route.
我们觉得这个研究太棒了。
We thought the study was so cool.
我的意思是，我们真的被震撼到了，
We were like I mean, again, we were totally floored by
研究结束后，丹尼尔和他的合作者开始
So after the study, Daniel and his collaborator Put
我们凑在一起商量，觉得不如也在青少年身上试试同样的方法。
our heads together and decided, oh, well, let's do the same thing in adolescence.
青少年，十三到十六岁。
Teenagers, 13 to 16.
是的。
Yeah.
你们当时为什么这么想？
Why did you think that?
就是觉得那里头可能会有啥有意思的发现。
Well, we just thought there was gonna be something interesting there.
于是他们又用这些青少年重复了整个实验。
So they do the whole study again with these teens.
每个孩子都完全按照之前的流程来。
The exact same thing for each kid.
我们把孩子的妈妈请来，录下她和孩子的声音，然后在孩子听小猫叫声和其他声音的时候，把这些录音放给他们听。
We brought their mom in, and we recorded their voice, the mom's voice, and we played them to them while they hear kitty cat meows and and other stuff.
他们观察了这些青少年的大脑，发现了什么？
They look at the brains of these teens, and what do they see?
我也不清楚。
I don't know.
在奖赏区域，陌生人的声音更受青睐。
In the reward center, strangers' voices.
没错。
Exactly.
一切都颠倒了。
Everything flipped.
不熟悉的声音比妈妈的声音更有吸引力。
Unfamiliar voices became more rewarding than mom's voices.
天哪。
Oh, no.
真让人难过。
So sad.
我明白。
I know.
作为母亲，我觉得这印证了我亲身经历过的事。
Well, as a mother, I think it validates something I experienced in my life.
你懂的。
You know?
我们确实和妈妈们聊过。
We did talk to our moms.
你是在做笔记吗？
Are you taking notes?
是的。
Yeah.
她在做。
She is
做啥
taking What
你平时是做什么的？
do you do?
我主要是搞企业工作的。
I'm pretty corporate.
我妈妈，南希·基尔蒂。
My mom, Nancy Kielty.
是的。
Yeah.
我知道。
I know.
这感觉真好。
This is nice.
我能看见马特。
I can see Matt.
对。
Yes.
你不用见我。
You don't need see me.
我妈妈，贝丝·麦克伊wen。
And my mom, Beth McEwen.
我就问他，你怎么看这个？
Just gonna ask him, what do you make of this?
是的。
Yeah.
我的意思是，这让你有什么感受？
Like, how does it make you feel?
说到童年那段，我真的很有共鸣，就是特别喜欢。
Oh, the childhood part, I I mean, I can relate just love.
简直像天堂一样。
It's heaven.
甜得像蜂蜜，暖得像黄油。
It's honey and butter.
如果一切顺利，那真的太棒了。
It's awesome if everything's going right.
然后呢，你会发现自己不管说什么，都会被立刻打断或否定。
And then, you know, to reach a point where anytime you say something, you get this negative cut over the
没错。
Right.
一切都变成心里翻白眼的事了。
Everything becomes this big internal eye roll.
外面的白眼当然也少不了。
Oh, there's external eye rolls for sure.
对啊。
Oh, yeah.
是啊。
Yeah.
我觉得当父母真的挺难的。
And it's it's hard, I think, as a parent.
我懂。
I know.
有点让人难受。
It's a little painful.
但说实话，我们认为青春期是个关键阶段，孩子开始更依赖朋友和同龄人，这对他们走向独立生活非常重要。
But, you know, we the way we think about it is that, you know, adolescence is this important time of life where you're starting to shift to your friends and peers, and this is an important part of development for kind of charting a path and independent life.
这一点，我们俩的妈妈也都意识到了。
And this was something both our moms acknowledged.
看到你渐渐疏远我，确实很难受，但这是好事。
It was hard when I saw you pulling away, but it was healthy.
对吧？
Right?
你明白的。
You know?
这正是当妈的希望看到的。
That's what a mother wants.
你可不希望有个黏人的孩子，一辈子都贴在你身边。
You don't want a clingy kid that's gonna be right beside you forever.
你希望孩子能从你身边转身离开，去追寻自己的路。
You want a kid who will turn away from you and go
真厉害。
Wow.
看看这些东西。
Look at that stuff.
这个世界广阔又精彩。
The world is big and huge and wonderful.
没错。
Yeah.
小时候，妈妈的声音就是你整个世界。
It's like your mom's voice is your whole world when you're a little kid.
然后你就得学会转身离开，开始构建属于自己的世界，去接纳那些来自四面八方的声音。
And then you it's like your job to turn away from that and start building the world that you will step into with all these other voices somehow.
就像你自己也说不清楚。
Like you're I don't know.
拒绝妈妈的声音，是找到自我的开始。
The rejection of the mom's voice is a beginning of finding your own.
没错。
Right.
我记得上八年级的时候，周围那些所谓的其他声音，都是滑板少年，我就想变成他们那样的人。
Like I remember being in eighth grade and the quote unquote other voices around me were like skater kids, and that's what I was trying to become.
是的。
Yeah.
你那时候努力想融入，这其实挺有意思的。
And you're trying to like, it's funny.
你当滑板少年的时候，我可能正假装自己是一匹马。
When you were trying to be a skater kid, I was probably pretending to be a horse.
所以，我不太确定这说明了什么。
So, like, I'm not sure what what that says.
没什么好事。
Nothing good.
真没什么好事，各位。
Nothing good, guys.
没什么好事。
Nothing good.
但说到底，还是那回事，跟跟妈妈说再见一样。
But, yeah, it's the same thing of, like, bye, mom.
但最终还是会绕回到父母，尤其是妈妈身上。
But it swings back around to the parent the mom eventually.
对吧？
Right?
等我孩子四十岁的时候。
Like, when when my kid's 40
不对，安妮。
No, Annie.
他们听到我这么说，肯定会特别开心。
Like, they're gonna just be so happy to hear it from me.
我听说他们确实会回头再联系的。
That's what I've been told, that they do circle back.
真的吗？
Really?
对。
Yeah.
别开玩笑了。
Come on.
我就是听人这么说的。
This is this is what I've been told.
测试一下。
Test.
好的。
Okay.
你
You
刚做了
just did
那件事。
that.
是的。
Yeah.
这还没被科学证实。
Hasn't been confirmed by science.
只是些个案说法。
It's just anecdotal.
是的。
Yeah.
但丹尼尔说，当年他们对青少年做那个研究时，确实是这样。
But Daniel says when they did do that study with the teens Oh, yeah.
不是。
No.
不是。
No.
不是。
No.
研究结果表明，妈妈的声音仍然活跃在大脑的愉悦中枢。
The results showed that mom's voice is still in that pleasure center.
对。
Yes.
妈妈并没有完全被赶出大脑的这个区域。
Mom doesn't get completely kicked out of that part of the brain.
只是现在她的声音变得稍微安静了一些。
It's just now that she's a little bit quieter.
这很有趣，因为当你们播放我妈妈的声音时，我自然而然地感到一种怀旧的安慰。
It's interesting because, like, when I heard my mom's voice when you guys played it, I felt, like, retro naturally comforted.
不过现在我其实很少跟她打电话聊这些事了，你知道的。
But it's like, I don't these days, I don't, you know, gab on the phone that much with her about stuff and you know?
但只要听到她的声音、语调，还有那些特有的说话方式——那种只属于她的感觉，就让人特别安心，就像重新听到一首原始的摇篮曲一样。
But just hearing the voice and the rhythms and, like, the little like, the articulations, like, this way that is so her, that's, like, comforting in a way that's kind of, like, re encountering like a primal lullaby.
明白了。
Okay.
广告回来之后，我们聊聊声音能带给你什么。
When we come back, what the voice gives back to you.
马上回来。
Back in a second.
你好。
Hi.
我是露露，本集由BetterHelp赞助播出。
Lulu here, and this episode is sponsored by BetterHelp.
五月是心理健康宣传月。
May is mental health awareness month.
作为一名报道心理健康话题的人，我经常和人们聊他们的心理状态，以及他们如何从科学、自然、信仰或友情中寻找力量，度过人生的低谷。我想借此机会说一句：真正能让人走出困境、获得缓解、摆脱泥潭，甚至重新成长的，是有人陪在身边。
And as someone who reports on mental health, who likes talking to people about their mental health and what they look to in science, in the natural world, in faith, in friendship, wherever it may be to help guide them through the rough patches of life, I just wanted to take a moment to say what seems to help people turn corners, find relief, get out of ruts, and even flourish is having someone with you.
尽管我们有时觉得心理上的挣扎是私密的，但你不必一个人硬扛。
As much as we can feel private about our mental health struggles, you do not have to go it alone.
所以这个五月，为什么不给自己的心理健康找个伙伴呢？
So this May, why not treat your mental health to a buddy?
还有什么比一位持证的心理治疗师更适合倾诉的对象呢？
And who better to talk to than a fully licensed mental health therapist?
BetterHelp 拥有三万多名专业治疗师，只要你需要，随时点一下按钮，就能找到一个方便你时间的人聊天。
With over 30,000 therapists available, BetterHelp has someone you can talk to available at pretty much any time that's convenient for you at the push of a button.
因为治疗效果往往取决于你和治疗师之间的默契，你完全不用担心——在 BetterHelp，随时可以更换治疗师。
And because finding the help you need often depends on the therapist client vibe, rest assured, with BetterHelp, you can switch providers at any time.
请记住，你的心理健康真的很重要，你从来都不是一个人在战斗。
Remember, truly, your mental health matters, and you don't have to go it alone.
需要支持？随时通过 BetterHelp 找到你所需要的帮助。
Find the support you need anytime with BetterHelp.
前往 betterhelp.com/radiolab 注册，立享九折优惠。
Sign up and get 10% off at betterhelp.com/radiolab.
网址是 betterhelp.com/radiolab。
That's better,help,.com/radiolab.
本周《纽约客广播小时》节目，邀请到UFC总裁、唐纳德·特朗普的密友达纳·怀特。
This week on the New Yorker Radio Hour, UFC president and a close friend of Donald Trump's, Dana White.
人们这辈子都可以问我关于唐纳德·特朗普的事，我都会跟你们说说我有多欣赏这个人。
People can ask me about Donald Trump for the rest of my life, and I'll tell you all the great things that I love about this guy.
我最想摆脱的，就是政治。
What I'll be happy to be out of is politics.
我不想谈政治，不管是他的、奥巴马的，还是其他任何人的，我都不想聊。
I don't wanna talk about politics, whether they're his, Obama's, this guy, that guy, none of them.
以上是达纳·怀特在《纽约客广播小时》节目中的发言，节目由WNYC制作。
That's the UFC's Dana White on the New Yorker radio hour from WNYC.
欢迎在您常用的播客平台收听。
Listen wherever you get your podcasts.
好的。
Alright.
我是露·露·米勒，又回来了。
So I'm Lou Lou Miller back with
我正在吃一根蛋白棒。
I'm in a protein bar.
制作人马特·基尔蒂，还有我正在吃一根香蕉。
Producers Matt Kielty and I'm in a banana.
安妮·麦克尤恩。
Annie McEwen.
两个人，两个完全不同的世界。
Two different people, two different worlds.
继续为大家带来关于声音的这期节目。
Back with our episode on Voice.
明白了。
Okay.
最后讲一个关于声音能带给你什么的故事。
So final story about what the Voice gives you.
也许顺便说说，声音也会带走些什么。
Maybe also kinda like what the Voice takes.
露露，我们先从你开始吧。
And, Lulu, we're gonna start with you.
对。
Yeah.
我想是这样的，这得从我最欣赏的一个声音说起。
I mean, I guess so this begins with
哦，从哪儿开始呢？
Oh, where we go?
我特别喜欢的一个声音。
One of my favorite voices out there.
教父级的人物。
The godfather.
一个有趣的女性朋克。
Funny woman punk.
获得麦克阿瑟奖的活动家和作家。
The MacArthur award winning activist and writer
欢迎你，爱丽丝。
Welcome, Alice.
爱丽丝·黄。
Alice Wong.
你最近怎么样，爱丽丝？
How are doing, Alice?
我还活着呢，塔玛拉。
I'm alive, Tamara.
你呢？
How about you?
很多年前，我们渐渐成了
And years ago, we sort of became Do
你脾气挺大的？
you have a temper?
她真的特别可爱。
She's just darling.
是的。
Yeah.
朋友。
Friends.
开了个两人读书会。
Started a book club of two
我知道。
I know.
天哪。
Oh my god.
一起合作工作。
Collaborate on work together
我先通读一遍，再给你提点意见吧？
Why don't I go through it once and then give you any notes?
她为我们朗读了一篇关于自己患肌肉萎缩症、靠呼吸机维持呼吸的文章。
She performed this essay for us about how she has muscular dystrophy, how she uses a ventilator to breathe
是的。
Yeah.
我想直接说重点。
And I want to get to the point
这让她拥有了非常独特的嗓音。
Which has given her this very distinct voice
我们根本不需要为自己的支持辩解。
we don't even have to defend our assistance.
她用这种声音为残障权益发声，让更多人关注残障作家、艺术家和发明家。
Which she uses to fight for disability rights and to shine light on disabled writers and artists, inventors.
这个世界属于我们所有人，这一切都是为我们而存在的。
The world is ours, and this is for all of us.
总之，这就是爱丽丝。
Anyway, so that's Alice.
对。
Mhmm.
到了2022年夏天，我看到她在网上发了一张自己的照片。
And then in the summer of two thousand twenty two, I saw that she had posted this photo of herself online.
她躺在病床上，身上插满了各种管子和线缆，看起来状态很差。
She was in a hospital bed with all kinds of tubes and wires coming out of her, and she did not look well.
她配文说正在ICU，之后就彻底没了音讯。
She had a caption about how she was in the ICU, and then she just went dark.
直到几个月后，我才终于再次收到她的消息。
And it wasn't until a few months later that I finally heard from her.
哦，爱丽丝，看到你的脸真好。
Oh, Alice, it is so good to see your face.
你现在怎么样？
How are you doing?
你现在是不是很疼？
Like like, are you are you hurting right now?
我之前用过一些阿片类止痛药，但有个有趣的事，它们会让人便秘。
I had some opioids earlier, but fun fact, they cause constipation,
所以
so
我就停了那些药，只在必要时吃点对乙酰氨基酚。
I quit them and take Tylenol only when necessary.
我特别怀念在医院用的芬太尼，那感觉真是舒服，太舒服了。
I miss the fentanyl I had in the hospital, which was delightful, utterly delightful.
我把芬太尼叫作‘Fenty’，还说他是我男朋友。
I called fentanyl, Fenty, and I said he was my boyfriend.
我真的很想他，Fenty。
I miss Fenty very much.
后来才知道，她不得不做了气管切开术。
It turned out she had had to have a tracheostomy.
基本上，她得了严重的肺部感染，为了让她能呼吸，医生直接切开气管，插了一根管子。
Basically, she'd had a lung infection that was so serious, to allow her to breathe, they had to cut straight into her windpipe and and insert a tube.
对。
Right.
那时候你得靠呼吸机维持。
Where it's you're, like, on a ventilator.
是的。
Yeah.
她一直在用呼吸机。
And she's on a ventilator.
而且，这确实救了她的命。
And, you know, that saved her life.
但同时也让她失去了说话的能力。
But it took her speaking voice.
这段经历真的太不容易了。
It's been a lot.
但你当然还是能听到爱丽丝的声音。
And, obviously, you can totally still hear Alice's voice.
只是现在是通过电脑合成的声音传出来。
It's just now coming through this computer voice.
我这里有一堆语音选项可以选，说实话，我一个都不喜欢。
I also have a range of voices that I can select from, and honestly, I hate all of them.
她给我放了几段听。
She played me some of them.
你好。
Hi.
我叫达里乌斯，是Acapella推出的首个非裔美国男性英语语音合成声音。
My name is Darius, and I'm the first male African American English speech synthesis voice from acapella.
还有‘你好’这个版本。
There's also Hello.
我叫艾拉。
My name is Ella.
一个小孩子。
A tiny child.
你好。
Hi.
我叫凯伦。
I'm Karen.
还有凯伦，爱丽丝说：不可能吧。
There's Karen, which Alice was like, no way.
你好。
Hi.
然后是
And then
我是希瑟。
I'm Heather.
还有希瑟。
There's Heather.
高效、迅速，而且质量非常高。
Efficient, fast, and a very high quality.
为什么不拿你自己的话来试试看呢？
Why not try me out with your own words?
在她们里面，我最不讨厌的就是海瑟。
So Heather is just the one I hate least.
听起来很机械、冷冰冰的，还带着白人腔调。
It is robotic, clinical, and white.
爱丽丝是华裔美国人。
Alice is Chinese American.
我只是勉强忍着她，我猜她也差不多在忍我。
I just tolerate her, and I bet she tolerates me.
哎，你发现我刚才那个小把戏了吗？
Oh, see what I did there?
我打字的时候故意模仿了笑声。
I typed to simulate actual laughter.
虽然在某种程度上管用，但对我来说还是显得机械又空洞。
And while it works to some extent, it feels robotic and hollow to me.
我怀念那种发自内心的笑，还有那些能逗别人笑的各种声音。
I miss laughing and all the sounds I can make that make people laugh.
糟了。
Shit.
你根本笑不出那种大笑。
Can you you can't guffaw.
你笑不出来。
You can't laugh.
你刚才那一下，是又笑又疼，嘴上发出的那种声音。
Oh, you just made a mixed laugh and pained like oh, with your mouth.
就是，啊。
Like, oh.
不过，没有声音的话，感觉上有差别吗？
Does it feel different, though, without the sound?
这会不会影响你真正体会幽默的乐趣？
Like, does it detract from the experience of savoring the humor?
我真希望能笑出来，毕竟笑也是一种共同的体验啊。
I wish I could laugh because isn't that also a collective experience?
我觉得这才是关键所在。
I think that's the heart of it.
能和别人一起，用同样的方式分享一种情感。
Being able to join with others and sharing an emotion the same way.
是
Is
你的说话声音就再也回不来了吗？
is your speaking voice lost forever?
我有个设备可以接在呼吸机上，说不定能让我开口说话，叫帕西·穆尔阀。
There is a device I could attach to my ventilator where it will potentially allow me to speak called the Passy Muir valve.
从某种意义上说，这个故事真正讲的就是这个。
And in a way, that's what this story is really about.
这块小小的塑料片，看似普通，却意外地给爱丽丝的人生带来了深远的影响。
This tiny piece of plastic with odd existential potential that would come to have a profound and kind of unexpected effect on Alice's life.
它
It's
是时间跳转。
a flash forward.
2025年初，爱丽丝说：你好。
In early twenty twenty five, Alice is Hello.
在一家医院里
In a hospital
嗨，罗森医生。
Hi, doctor Rosen.
新年快乐。
Happy New Year.
你也新年快乐。
Happy New Year to you.
见到你真好。
Good to see you.
她住在旧金山，最近还顺利吗？
Where she lives in San Francisco Things going okay?
为了拿到这个丝绒。
To get this Velvet.
哇哦。
Wow.
好大啊。
It's big.
她给我看了。
Which she showed
嗯。
me.
看起来简直像个洗发水瓶盖之类的东西。
It almost looks like a shampoo cap, bottle cap or something.
然后你知道它是怎么安装上去的吗？
And then does that go do you know how it would go in?
是的。
Yes.
这个问题等我下回再回答你，孩子。
That's in my next answer, young one.
明白了。
Okay.
爱丽丝解释说，这个阀门是接在气管造口管上，正好位于它进入颈部的位置。
Alice explained this valve attaches to a person's trach tube right where it goes into their neck.
它能把气流导向声带和鼻腔，让人能够说话。
And redirects airflow through the vocal cords and nasal passages so a person can speak.
这设计真巧妙。
Oh, that's an elegant design.
对爱丽丝来说，最棒的是，这个阀门——这个设计精巧的小装置
And the cherry on top for Alice was that this valve, this sleek ly designed little contraption
我特别兴奋，因为他是个残障发明家。
I was excited that he was a disabled inventor.
这个东西是一个残障人士发明的。
Was invented by a disabled guy.
他因为杜氏肌营养不良导致四肢瘫痪。
He was a quadriplegic due to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
肌营养不良。
Muscular dystrophy.
和我一样。
Like me.
他叫大卫·缪尔，就是帕西镜子阀的发明者。
His name was David Muir, Passy Mirror Valve.
在这方面，我跟他有种共鸣。
I felt a kinship with him in that regard.
你需要安排一个专区之类的吗？
You want a section set up or anything?
关于 Bayt 播客
Bayt 提供中文+原文双语音频和字幕，帮助你打破语言障碍，轻松听懂全球优质播客。